Thuc tieh - Kinh nghidm
Can tieu chi danh gia phii hop
O LE THANH TRUNG Ting cue Mdi trudng
T
ha gian qua, Tong cue Ma tiudng dd tiiin khai cdc quy dinh phdp luit vi bao ve ma tiudng (BVMT) da duac cpng ding xa ha hudng ffng tfch cue. Tuy nhien, hidu qua cua cOig t^ nay chia dupc nhin nhfn, danh gid mdt each khach quan Idm edsd dehodn thi&i hf tiiaig phdp luat viBVMT. Ddnh gid hifu qua till hdnh phdp luat ma tiffing Id tiiu chi, giai phdp cdban diBVMT trong giai ddan hien nay.Tam quan trong cua tieu chi danh gia
Qua trinh dd thj hda nhanh, su khai thae tai nguyen khdng bao dam quy chuin da anh hudng Idn den mdi trudng sdng. Oat dai bj xdi mdn, thoai hda, chat lupng ngudn nudc giam manh va d nhidm, nhieu luu vuc sdng Idn bj d nhidm tram trpng. Khdng khf d
nhieu dd thi, khu dan cu bj d nhilm, nhat la nhOmg noi phat triln manh ve khu cdng nghiep.
Khd'i lupng phat sinh va mUc dp ddc hai cila chat thai ngay cang tang. Tai nguyen thien nhien trong nhieu trudng hpp bj khai thac qua mde, khdng t h i phuc hdi, de dpa su da dang sinh hpc va lam mat can bang sinh thai...
r Thuc te cho thay, cdng tac BVMT dang gap mdt sd thach thdc Idn. 06 la, mpt sd quy djnh cda phap luat v l BVMT da bpc Id su ba't cap khdng phu hpp vdi thue tien, cd su chdng cheo, mau thuin vdi cac dao luat chuyen nganh khae cd lien quan, ehua dap dng td't cac ydu cau hpi nhap qudc te. He thd'ng to chdc chuyen
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4 2 Tdi nguy§n vd Mdi trudng | Ky 2-Thang 3/2013
mdn ve BVMT tuy da dupc phat triln ve sd lupng, sdng cdn yeu ve chat lupng, chUa dap ung dupc ydu cau cda qua trinh phdn cap quan ly. Ben eanh dd, viec triln khai De an BVMT luu vuc sdng edn gap nhieu khd khan. Cdng tac quan ly chat lupng khdng khi, kilm scat hda chat cdn nhilu bat cap. Hieu qua thuc thi mdt sd cdng cy quan ly nha nude v l BVMT chUa dupe hieu qua nhu mong mud'n.
TrUdc thuc trang nay, Bp TN&MT da xay dung lieu chi danh gia hidu qua thi hanh phap luat v l BVMT. can cd vao cac tieu chi do d l cac nganh, dia phuong cd bao cao danh gia thd'ng nha't ve hieu qua thi hanh phap iuat ve mdi trudng. Trong dd, vide thue hien tdt phap luat ve mdi trudng dupe danh gia la mpt trong nhdng yeu to quan trpng nham ban c h l nhdng vi pham ve mdi trudng, bao dam mdi trudng sd'ng trong lanh.
Tieu chi danh gia hieu qua Cac tieu chi danh gia hieu qua thi hanh phap luat ve mdi trudng do la: Viee dat dupe cae mue tieu de ra cila van ban quy pham phap luat ve mdi trudng;
vide tc chdc thuc hien phap luat ve BVMT vd kit qua dat dupe tren thuc t l .
Vide dat dupe cae muc lieu de ra cCia cdc van ban quy pham phap luat v l BVMT la ngan ngda, ban che mde dp gia tang d nhilm, suy thoai va su cd mdi trudng do hoat ddng cda con ngudi va tae ddng ciia tu nhien gay ra; sd dyng bin vdng tai nguyen thidn nhien, bao ve da dang sinh hpc; khae phuc d nhilm mdi trudng, phye hoi cac hd sinh thai da bj suy thoai, tdng budc nang cao chat lupng mdi tafdng. Ben canh do, mpi ngudi phai ed y thde BVMT,
sd'ng than thidn vdi thidn nhien;
trong phat tnen kinh te - xa hpi gan vdi BVMT theo hudng phat triln ben vdng.
Ve tidu chf to chdc thuc hien phap luat ve BVMT dupe hilu la xem xet, danh gia vide cac co quan nha nude tc chdc thue hien phap luat v l BVMT ve: Xay dung, ban hanh van ban hudng dan thUc hien theo thim quyen, traeh nhidm dUde phap luat quy djnh;
each thdc cua cae cd quan nha nude; su cdng khai, minh bach, binh d^ng trong thuc hien phap luat, tinh kjp thdi, day dii va dung phap luat. Neu khdng ed edng khai, minh bach trong vide thuc thi thi khdng bie't dupe nhdng mat dupc va han che cda cae quy djnh phap luat de cd t h i sda dli, b l sung kjp thdi cho phii hpp vdl thuc tidn. Day dUpc danh gia la van de cd y nghTa rat quan trpng trong vide ban c h l nhdng vi pham phap luat ve mdi trUdng.
Ben canh do, lieu chf danh gia kel qua dat dupe trdn IhUc te la van de hit sdc quan trpng trong qua trinh danh gia hieu qua thi hanh phap luat v l BVMT, Thuc te cho tha'y, phap luat ve BVMT cd pham vi lac ddng rpng. Oilu ddc biet la, nhdng ke't qua do sU tac dpng cda phap luat v l BVMT cd the xac djnh duac mdt each cu the nhung cung ed the ehi xac djnh dupe bang cac chi sd chung phan anh ve mat chat lupng (mde dp).
Ket qua do suiac ddng eua phap luat vd BVMT cd the la ke't qua tich cue, dd la van de lpi ich va kel qua tieu cue dd la van de ehi phi.
Kd't qua tich cue ciia phap luat ve BVMT la giup cho mdi trudng trong lanh, saeh dep hdn, tang cudng eho viec phdng ngda, ban che thap nhat tac dpng xa'u dd'i vdi mdi trudng; khdng lam phat
sinh d nhidm hodc gidp cho vide khac phye tinh trang d nhidm, suy thoai mdi trudng, tang cudng vide phuc hdi va cai thidn mdi trUdng;
khai thac va sd dung liet kiem lai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve da dang sinh hpc.
Oieu can luu y, de danh gia dupe ke't qua do su tae ddng cda phap iuat v l BVMT mang lai mdt each day dii va chinh xae thi phai tren cd sd so sanh thue trang mdi Irudng khi phap luat ehua dieu chinh va thuc trang sau khi cd phap luat dieu chinh. Trong do, can phai quan tam dd'n viec xac dinh rd pham vi danh gia, cac muc tieu va van de mdi trudng can phai danh gia; phan tich chinh xac diln bien mdi trUPng do kel qua ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat mang lai; thu thap day dil du lieu trong qua trinh danh gia. Ddng thdi, tiln hanh thue hien hieu qua tham van edng dong trong qua trinh danh gia; sd dyng eae edng cu, phUdng phap danh gia khoa hpc: Od la cdng cu danh gia mdi, md hinh DPSIR (dpng luc chi phd'i - ap luc - hien trang - tac dpng - dng phd), edng thdc tinh loan thiet hai ddi vdi mdi trudng.
Vide danh gia hieu qua thi hanh phap luat ve BVMT dang con gap nhieu khd khan nhu su thieu phd'i hpp Id cac cd quan, ddn vj d dja phUdng cOng nhU cac to chdc, ca nhan nhung vide thUe hien danh gia hieu qua Ihi hanh phap luat ve BVMT la rat can thiet, cd y nghTa quan trpng giiip nam dupe thuc trang quan ly va thi hanh phap luat trcng cdng tac quan ly ve BVMT, phat hien cac han che, yeu kem sai pham, tU do cd phUdng an khac phuc sda chda kjp thdi, gidp hoan thidn he thdng phap luat de dieu chinh kjp thdi va sat hdp hdn mye tieu B V M T B
Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 2 - Thang 3/2013 ^ 3
