CAY TRQIXIG BIEIM DOi GIEIM VA 5AIM PHAM CiJA CHUIVG

(1)

KHOA HQC C 6 N G N G H |

CAY TRQIXIG BIEIM DOi GIEIM VA 5AIM PHAM CiJA CHUIVG: THIJC TRAIMG VA TIEM IMAIVG

D^ngTrpng Luang', L6 Huy Hjlm^

T6MTAT

Trong bai bao ndy tap h(?p cdc thong tin nghifin cuu v^ dinh gi^ an toAn sinh hpc cac cSy trong bi^n doi gien va san p h ^ cua chung trong ph6ng thi nghi^m v^ ddnh gii rui ro cay ngo bi^n doi gien a pham vi h^n che va di^n rOng trong 2 nam 2010 va 2011 tgl Vi^t Nam. Co so d^ dAnh giA dua vdo cû tnic gien v4 protein, Nghi^n cuu truong hop ng6 bi^n ddi gien MON 810, v^ cû tnic gien c6 4 nhftn t6 di truy^n chura ADN tu cac sinh vgt khac nhau: gien cry lAb tach tir vi khudn Bacillus thuringiensis, promoter 35S l^y tir vi nit kham cSy supla (Cauhflower)- Intron protein s6c nhi^t hsp70 phSn lUp tir ngo, gien tong hgp nopaline tir Agrobacteriuin tumefaciens, qua danh gia cho th^y 4 yû td tr€n dû an t o ^ v6i d^ng v|t va moi tnr6ng.

Cac nghiSn curu ve protein chi ra rang dO b^n vong cua protein thyc vM th6ng thuing va protein ciia cSy tr6ng bi^n doi gien gidng nhau khi danh gia miic dp ti^u h6a trong da day cua dpng vat va xCr ly nhi?t.

Nghien ciiu v^ thanh ph4n axit beo ciia dAu tir c^c dong dSu tuong bien doi gien c6 htun lupng axit oleic cao va dong dau tuong ddi chiing: k^t qua dS chimg minh ham lu(?ng protein, sgi tho va tro deu cao hon ddi chiing. Qua thir iSm sang tren dpng vat cAc loai thiic Sn che bidn tir dSu tuong chuyin gien khong tim thay ADN nguySn ven cua gien chuyen va cung chua cd dir li?u chiing minh protein tii dau tuong chuy^n gien gay di ling. Qua phSn tich 17 amino axit cho th^y cd 13 amino axit dupe tang ham lupng mot each dang k^

so vdi ddi chiing. Qua hai nSm khao nghi^m han chd va di^n rpng cac gidng ngo bi^n ddi gien BtU, GA21, MON89034, NK603 va TC1507 cho th^y: Ngo bidn doi gien khang sau due than ngo chau A khong c6 anh huong xau den cac sinh vat khdng chu dich (h^ dpng vat chan ddt tr^n tan la, gom ca sau hai va thien dich, con trimg trong dat, benh h^i). Cac gidng ngo bidn ddi gien khang sau due thSn ngo chSu A cung khong lam thay doi bat Ipi den h§ sinh thai, bao gdm ca h^ sinh thai tu nhi^n ISn h§ sinh thai nong nghi?p. Cac gidng ngo bidn ddi gien khang sSu due than ngo chSu A cho hi^u qua phong trir sSu dye than ng6 r^t cao tai tat ca cac giai doan sinh tnrdng cua cay va an toAn cho cac smh vat khdc. Cac gidng ngo bien ddi gien khang thudc trir co khong c6 nguy ca tra thanh c6 dai.

Tii khoa: GMPs, ngo bi^'n doi gien MON810, Btll. GA21. MON89034, NK603 va TC1507, gien CrylAb, khao nghi$m ban chS, chi'tgiy df img.

LMffBAU nam 1983 (Herrera-Estrella). Cho den nay nguai ta da chuyen nap gien vao 120 loai cay trong va cai tien Cung voi su phat trien vuot bac cua cua cong ^^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ q ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^ j ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ nghe thong tin dien tu, vat li$u mm. thi thanh tuu ^.^ ^^^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^

cong ngh$ sinh hoc (CNSH) dupe coi la dinh cao cua ^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^ j ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ tri tue v^ cai ti^n giai sinh vat. Trong nhung thanh ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ qua do phai noi d^n cac khang smh th^ H mm giup ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^

chua tri cac b6nh nan y cua con nguoi, cac chung ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ j ^ ^ , ^ ^ g carotenoit, chdng chiu han, n ^ men c6 ho^t tinh sinh hoc cao dong gop tich cue ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ _ ^^^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^.^ ^^^^ ^.^

vao cong nghi^p ch^ bi^n thuc p h i n va cong nghi^p ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ g .^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^ , ^ g y duoc hien dai. Cac thanh tuu c6ng nghe gien da ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ q ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ti^n sau nghi&n cuu cai tien cac tinh tr?mg cAc loai vat ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^.^

nuoi, thuy san phuc vu doi s6ng dan sinh tr^n todn . , . edu. Tlianh tmi n6i troi cua CNSH thuc vat dugc ^ Nhung nam gan day hang loat cac c^y trong bien d ^ h dû dam' net bai nhiing cay tr6ng bi^n ddi gien ôi gien Idiac ra dai va phat tnen manh me khap cac voi nhiû dac tinh nong sinh hpc qui gia dang dupe chau lye. Sau mtrai ba nam danh gia thu nghiem cac ung dung khapcdc chau luc. Cay tr6ngbi^nd6i gien cay trong bien dot gien ^ n g phong thi nghiem diu tien tren th^ gi6i la cay thudc la duoc tao ra tu "goat dong rugng C i m i 9 9 6 v^ tinh an toan sinh

hpc, tinh him ich va bieu hien gien cua chung da dupe khang dmh tinh uu viet trong san xuat Trong 'Vi?n Di Iruyen Nong nghi?p

N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012 3

(2)

KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 N G H |

muai lam nam 1996 -2011 di^n tich c^y trong bi^n doi gien tang len nhanh chong tir 1,7 triû ha nam 1996 t5ng len 160 triû ha nam 2011, tap trung if 29 qu6c gia. Nhu vay so v6i nam dû tien di^n tich gieo ti-6ng tang hon 94 Ian, quS tiiat su phat ti-i^n nhanh chong nay den muc b£Lt ngo. Cdc tinh trang hiju ich duoc ling dung gieo trong nhiû nh^t Ik tinh k h ^ g thuoc trir c6. k h ^ g sSu benh, giû h ^ lupng dinh duong nhu cai tiiMi ham lupng axit oleic trong dSu tuong, nang ham lupng ti6n ch^t vitamin A trong liia gao... Tdng gid trj thu nhu nhan dupe tir cay tr6ng bien ddi gien nam 2011 uoc tinh Id 14,25 ty USD, nguai ta du dodn rang d^n nam 2015 dien tich cSy trdng bidn ddi gien tren toan cau se vupt 200 triû ha.

Trong bdi canh d6 nuoc ta da ky k^t tham gia Nghi dinh thu Cartagena ve an toan sinh hpc dinh kern da dang sinh hpc. Voi myc ti^u 1^ g6p phdn dam bao miic dp bao ve thoa dang trong linh vuc chuyen giao, xu ly va su dung an toan cac sinh v^t bi^n ddi gien CO dupe tir CNSH, c6 the c6 tac dong bat Ipi den bao ton va sii dung b^n vCmg da dang smh hoc, dong thai quan tam ddn cac rui ro ddi voi sue khoe con nguai va chii trgng dac biet den van chuyen xuyen bien gioi. Mac dii Ipi ich kmh td cua cay trong bien ddi gien mang lai la rat to Ian, song viec cap nhat thong tin nghien ciiu c a so dir lieu sinh hoc an toan sinh hpc, cac phuong phap phan tich, xac dinh, nhan biet cac smh vat bidn ddi gien va thuc pham cua chiing ve ham lupng protem la rat can thiet va dac biet la CO gia tri thuc tien cao hien nay nham ling dung va thuc day cong nghe sinh hpc nong nghi§p phat trien, trong do c6 cay trdng bien ddi gien.

1 K E T QIM SAIW BH AN TOAN SIIW HQC CAY TRONG VA 8AN PHAM BEN BOI GIEN

Mac du Ipi ich kmh td ciia cSy trdng bidn ddi gien mang lai rat to Ion, tuy nhidn, moi khi san pham thuc pham moi tir CNSH ra ddi can dupe danh gia an toan sinh hpc vi no lien quan de'n an toan cua moi truong song nhu hien tupng troi gien 6 mpt so cay trong, anh hudng ddn he nuoc ngam, h$ vi sinh v4t dat, dac biet lien quan true tidp ddn chuoi thuc pham va siic khoe cua cong dong. Trong khuon khd cua bai vidt nay dd cap ddn khia canh ddnh gia an toan thuc pham c6 ngudn gdc tir cac cay trdng bidn ddi gien ti-en thd gioi va nghien ciiu cay trdng bidn ddi gien a Viet Nam. Truac het lay mot truong hpp didn hinh la cay ng6 CBH-351 mang gien Bt Cry9C vk san

phdm cua gien thudng gpi \i protein Cry9C c6 trong thuc p h ^ chd bidn.

vao tiling 9/2000 mdt b ^ bio cua M? th6ng b ^ rang ngo Bt StarLink TM da dupe tim thiy trong san phdm Taco Shells d- My. Lo^ s ^ ph&i cua ng6 chuydn gien niy dupe thuang mai bdi AvenUs va do ca quan bao vd nioi truong cua My (US EPA) phe chuSn cho lim thiic an gia siic nhung khdng dugc phep su dyng Uiuc p h ^ cho ngu<yi. Vi§c phe chu&

lam tiiirc an gia siic da dupe cdng nhan v^ chac chan rang l o ^ ngo n^y chi dupe trdng cho muc dich lam thuc an gia sue. Vi<*e phe c h u ^ dd su dung lam thyc phdm kh6ng dugc cong nhan bdi vi chua giai quy^t dircic nhung lo Idng d6 U protein Cry9c cd thd gay dj ling o mpt sd it c a dja con ngudi. Mac dii khong c6 bang chung gSy dj img trong cic nghien ciiu dong vat nhung da kdt lu;ui rang chua du thong tm v4 kha nang gay di ung cua cac protein chuydn gien dd d p giay phep lam thuc p h i n cho con nguai. Protein Cry9C c6 trong ng6 StarLink va cJui phai xem xet ky luPng ve chat gay dj ting tidm tang. Protein nay dirpc tao ra mpt cdch tu nhien nho vi khuan Bacillus thuringiensis sp. tolworthi, la bien thd ciia nhom doc to Bt, ke ca Cry LA da dupe su dung de thucmg mai hi^n nay. Cac doc td Bt boat dong nho lien ket voi cac thy quan dac hi^u tren cac td bao rupt giiia ciia con triing, gay ra su tieu huy va cudi ciing lara phan hiiy bp may tieu hoa ciia con trimg. Protein Bt la vat chii dac hieu va khong hen kdt voi cac td bao ciia dpng vat CO xuong sdng. Theo CDC (Trung tarn Kidm soat B^nh), protein Cry9C c6 chung 1 vai dJc tinh phan tu voi cic protein khac da dugc biet la ck.

chat gay dj ling a thuc p h ^ , didu nay la ly do ma ca quan bao v$ m6i truong 6 My (US E P ^ khong cap giay phep cho ng6 StarLink dd lam thuc p h ^ cho nguoi.

Pham vi anh huong cua cac thuc pham gay di ung n6i chung ddi v6i con nguoi la thap, xap xi 1%

ddi v6i nguoi 16n va 5% ddi voi tre em duoi 7 tudi.

Ngu6i ta uoc tinh rang khoang 7,5% dan sd c6 mdt sd kidu di ling thuc p h ^ hoac U man cam. Tuy nhien sd li^u n^y kh6ng xdc dinh dupe va phan tram (56) c6 thd bj khudch d ^ do cdc can b^nh gidng nhu di ling thuc p h ^ . Chang h ^ nhu khong mSn cam vol thuc pham, nhidm dpc thuc p h ^ nh?, c i c nh?iy cam hoa hpc, ckc phan ung vdi ch^t phu gia thuc pham vi cic phan ling di ling v6i mdc, p h ^ hoa. Trong ck.

nghien cuu ciia minh, CDC da ddnh gii khao sit b 28

NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012

(3)

KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NGHt

nguoi, va da dua ra eac bao cao vd tnrang hpp bat lot (AEfe) sau khi Sn cac san pham ngo c6 chua protein Cry9C ma da c6 phan ung di ung thuc su, nhung khSng lien quan ddn bat ky benh nao khac thuoc vd y hpc. Su phan ling voi protein gay dj ling a nguoi bang each tao ra cac khang the IgE chong lai cac khang nguyen, ma c6 thd dupe phat hidn trong huyet thanh. Vi vay ban dau CDC da dua ra cac xet nghiem ELISA ddi voi cac khang thd IgE dac hidu voi Cry9C.

Cac may huyet thanh da ma hoa dupe phan tich tir 3 nhom nguoi: 28 nguoi ma da c6 phan img di ung vai ngo StarLink da bao cao la nhay cam cao ddi voi cac chat di img khac nhau; va cac mSu huyet thanh gui trong ngan hang da dupe lua chon truoc khi protein Cry9C c6 trong thuc pham. Cac nghien cuu eua ho CO the khong xac dinh dupe moi lien he giira Cry9C va viec san xuat lupng IgE dac hieu voi Cry9C c6 thd xac dinh. Tuy nhien, bao cao ciia CDC da cung cap phan kdt luan bao chira mot each can than, noi ro rang: "Mae dii cac ket qiia ciia chung toi khong cung cap bat ky mot bang chiing nao vd cac phan ting di ling ma nhimg nguoi thi nghiem da nhay cam vai protein Cry9C, nhung chiing toi khong thd bac bo hoan toan kha nang nay, mot phan bai cac di img thuc pham eo the xay ra khi khong c6 huyet thanh IgE dd nhan biet doi voi cac chat di ling".

Trung tam kiem soat benh (CDC) da khong giai quydt mot each tuong tan van dd dac tinh gay di img cua protein Cry9C. Cac kdt luan than trong cua CDC vin dd lai cho EPA eo trach nhiem quydt dinh lam the nao de ra luat dinh ddi voi GMOs c6 chiia protem Cry9C va cac hpp chat c6 lien quan, va cong chiing than trong dd quydt dinh mot lan nCra rang nen cam thong hay la lo spvd viec an thuc pham c6 ngudn gdc GMOs.

Cdc cJu tiSa dinh gii thanh phSn trong thgc phim biSn ddi gien (GMOs)

vay viee danh gia an toan sinh hpc phai dupe nhan biet bang ky thuat sinh hpc va sinh hpc phan tir dua vao cac tieu chi sau: danh gia gien dua vao eay, kha nang gay di img cua protem moi, nghien ciiu tieu hoa protem trong he tiSu hoa cua nguoi va dong vat, kha nang tao dpc td ciia protein moi, xac dinh va so sanh trinh tu amino axit ciia protem moi vdi cac protein gay di ling da bidt

1. Dinh gii an toin ngudn gdc ADN hay gien Mdi khi cac nha khoa hoc tao ra cay trdng bien

ddi gien, tinh trang gien bidu hien va cau tnic gien cua n6 dupe dua vao cay bang phuong phip true tidp hay gian tidp, nguai ta eo thd xac dinh dupe vi tri gien gan vao bp gien, sd lupng copy trong do, cic ydu td di truydn, cac gien dua vao cSy va ngudn gdc ciia chung. Xet truong hpp cu thd ddi voi ng6 bidn ddi gien MON810, a cay nay c6 4 nhan td di truydn chua ADN tir cac sinh vat khac nhau: gien crylAb tich tir vi khuan Bacillus thuringiensis, promoter 35S lay tu vi nit kham cay siipla (Cauliflower) - Intron protein sdc nhi^t hsp70 phan lap tir ngo, gien tdng hpp nopaline tit Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nhu viy qua nghien eim nguoi ta xac dmh duoc rang Bt la VI khuan gram duang, khong gay hai ddi v(Vi moi truong sinh thai, no duoc sir dung lam thudc trir sau sinh hge tir gan 100 nam ve truoc, va Bt van an toan tir truoc cho den nay. Con nopalin c6 ngudn gdc tir vi khuan dat Agrobacterium tumel'aciens khong gay hai he sinh vat dat va khong gay anh huong xau den moi truong sdng. Promoter 35S tach tir vi nit kham cay siiplo, chinh vi thd ban than no khong tao ra bat ky protem ngoai ehirc pang dong vai tro xiic tien cho gien quan tam boat dong ma thoi. Hoae dinh lupng dupe ARN trong qua trinh phien ma trong truong hpp ca chua bien ddi gien Flavr Savr lam cho san pham qua chin eham so voi thong thuang, giiip cho viec bao quan va che bidn theo muc dich thuong mai CO loi cho eon nguoi.

2. Phan tich miic dp bidu hien protein tao ra tir gien chuydn vao

Cho ddn nay nguoi ta da thong ke dupe tren 90%

cac di ling a tre em va nguoi Ian la do mot nhom gdm 8 thuc pham gay ra, bao gdm dpng vat v6 giap, trimg, ea, sira, lac, dau tuong, lua mi. Vay thi cac cay trdng bidn ddi gien eo kha nang gay ra di ling nhu nhimg thuc pham noi tren hay khong? Nhu ta da biet ring ADN hay gien ngoai lai khong bao gio gay hien tuong di img hay phan ling sinh hpc trong co the sinh vat, didu nay dd dang chimg minh trong thuc td, hang ngay con nguoi hay dpng vat sir dyng mpt lupng Ian thire an tir thuc vat, ma no duoc dua vao ca the hing ngan gien, nhieu bp gien cua cac loai thuc vat khic nhau (d dang tuoi sdng). Chinh vi vgy, viee danh gia thuc pham co an toan hay khong la dya vao ban chat ciia protem. Cac nghien cihi nhin biet co protein bieu hien hay khong nguoi ta dua vio ky thuat lai protein Western blot. Cac protem (ke ca enzym) bidu hien ra tinh trang hiiu ich, ham lupng.

N 6 N G NGHlf P V A PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KV 2 - THANG 12/2012

(4)

KHOA H9C C O N O NOHt

va vi tri too ra protein trong Ic bio, hay bO jihjn cua cay va sir ton tai c i a chiing trong sucit qu4 trinh phit tri^n cCia thuc vat. Cac sin ph&l tit cSy trong biffn doi gien cin nghien ciiu sSu a miic do phdn tur nhu lai ADN (Southern blot), giai trinh tv ADN vi x4c dinh trinh tu cSc axit amin ciia ph4n tit protein do chinh gien di«rc chuydn t,io ra. D^ chOmg minh linh b^n vung cua mot so protein miVi tao ra tu cfty trong biSn doi gien tinh khang s-lu, tinh trang khing tliuoc diet c6, tinh trang chin cham, gien chi thi GUS, gien chon loc khang voi khang sinh NPTII, HPT...dura day la ket qua phan tich protein tir mOt so thuc phfim thong Ulirong so vol protein thirc phdm GMOs (Matcalfe va cs, 1996).

BSng 1. So sdnh dO b^n vtmg ciia protein thi;c v§t th6ng thudng v6i protein ciia ciy tr6ng bi^n d6i gien

Protein Protein thuc v$t binh thurkig Rubisco LSU Oi cay rau bina) Rubisco SSU fla ciy rau bina) bpoxygenaza (hat dau tuong) Gyleolat reiuctaza Oa mil tac) PEP caeboxi'laza (hat ngo) Axit photphataza (dng trang eua khoai tay)

Sucroza Synthetaza(hat liia mi) (-amylase (hat liia mach) Protein ciybiSn ddi gien (GMOs)

B t t B.tk. HD-73 B.t.k HD-1 CP4 EPSPS GOX ACCd GUS NPTII

Protein tdngsd 25 25

< 1

<1

< 1

<1

< 1 Protein tdngsd

<0,01

<o.ai

<0,1

<0.01

<0,4

<o,ai

<0.01 DObdn

vOng

< 15 giay

<15giay

<15 giay

< 15 giay

< 15 giay D0b4n vQng

< 30 giay

< 15 giay

< 10 giay

protein tir tiding, hay stra b6 tiii cic protein niy cd d$

phSn huy nhanh han rdt nhidu.

Vide nghien ciiu vd an toin sinh hpc ciia c ^ protein mcVi t?o ra tir ciy trdng bidn ddi gien dupe ehii y ddn k h i nang giy dj ling cho nguoi tieu diing.

Qua thir nghidm lim sang ir nguoi, kdt qua da xac djnh dupe rang 1-2% ngudi 16n df img vai protein Ig, trong khi dd dcii vin tre em k h i ning di ling cao Hon nguoi 16n v i ty Id niy li 4-6%. Hi^n nay da xic djnh dupi- 37 prnliin thi^c v^t dj img o 12 loii tiiyc vat Oac tiiuong, lac Braxin, li niu tat, du du, diu tuong, mach den, tio, liia, diu Kidney, mil t^t tring, liia mi Pasla, liia mi thuimg). nhu viy d\ ling kh6ng chi tii^y doi voi thvrc phdm c6 ngudn gdc tir cay trdng bien doi gicn m i c6n gap rat nhidu o t h u c viit thdng thuong &

tren. Ngay nay khi cong ngh^ tin sinh hpc phat tri^n, nguai til da xiy dung ngan h i n g protein, chinh vi vay virc nhan bidt, so sanh cic trinh tu amino axit li rk (Ik ding, dac bu-t li cic trinh tu protein co khi ning giy di img da dupe luu giii trong ngin hing protem, tu do chiing ta c6 thd phan biet, dinh gia vi co the lira chpn sir dyng protein khong gay di ling trong chudi thuc pham. Thong qua co so dir lieu protein nguoi ta da xic djnh va phin biet dupe trinh tu amino axit cua protein gay d| img voi trinh tu 475 AA, va protem gay dgc td co chua trinh tu 4000 AA (Matcalfe, 1996).

Xet truong hpp cu thd ddi voi dau tuong bien doi gien CO him lupng axit oleic cao.

Bing 2. Thinh ph4n axit b^o ciia ddu tir cic ddng d^u tuong bidn ddi gien c<^ h i m lupng axit olek: cao

v i d6ng djtu tuong ddi chimg

Bang 1 cho thay ham lupng protein tdng sd trong cic ciy trdng bien ddi gien la rat thap, protein tdng sd dao dong tir 0,01 den 0,4, ddi voi gien ACCd (enzym uc chd qui trinh hinh thinh etylen 6 thuc vat) e6 protein tdng sd li 0,4, tinh trang bidu hidn la lie chd qui trinh hinh thanh etylen a thuc vat giup cho qui chin chim hay hoa lau tan. Dp bdn viing cac protein trong dich da day thap tir 15-30 giay sau khi chiing dupe dua vao ru6t dong vit. Ndu so voi cac

Axitb^o

1

^ , . , , C^d6D£c6axJt Doi chung , .

oleic cao

•ntii chuiii cho (g/100 g axit beo)

Palmitic Stearic Oleic Linoleic

Chit dong phan v6i

linoleic Linoleic

10,25 (9,94 -10,59) 3,95(3,57-4^7) 23,09(22,07-23,91) a,36( 53,61-56.48)

0,00

7,35(6,81-8,35)

6,55(6,22-6,69) 3,43(3.04-3,81) p,84 (80,02-85,38)

2,23(1.19-4,83)

0,48(0.37-0,56)

3,47(2.87-4,51) 7-12 2-5,5 20-50 35-60

2-13 Kdt q u i a bang 2 cho thay h i m lupng axit oleic trong cay diu tuong chuydn gien cao han ddi chung 3,6 1 ^ , ti-ong khi dd h i m lupng axit b6o khic giam

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRI^N NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012

(5)

KHOA HOC C 6 N G N C H I

so voi doi chiing, d$c biet tao moi dupe nhi^u dSn ch^t dong phan cua lioleic.

B ^ 3. Tli^nh p h i i c ^ protein vA c h ^ th6 ciia dau tuong bi6i dfii gien c6 hiim luong axit oleic cao so v6i ddi chiing ChitiSu D6i chiing D6ng bidn d6i gien c6 h ^

lupng axit oleic cao

H^m luong cho ph^p g/100 g khoi luong kho

Do am (g/100 g khoi luong tuoi) Chat beo tho/ddu tho

Protein Soi tho Tro

7,69 (7.20-8,40) 25.37 (21,62-28,29) 40,11 (38,4141,68) 6,11 (5,44-7.14) 5.13 (4,53-5.85)

7.85 (7,2-8,4) 23,9 (19,74-29,28) 40,76 (38,8542,97) 6.76 (5,00-7,26) 4.81 (4.13-5,54)

7-11 13.2-22.5 36,946,4 4,7-6.8 4.61-5,37 Bing 3 cho thiy him luong protein, spi tho va tro

ddu cao hon ddi chiing, die biet co him lupng chat beo giim so voi ddi chiing. Qua thii lam sing tren dong v|t cac loai thirc in chd bien tir diu tuong chuyen gien khong tim thay ADN nguyen ven ciia gien chuydn vi ciing chua cd du lieu chiing minh protein tir dau tuong chuyen gien gay di img. Qua phan tich 17 ammo axit cho th^y co 13 amino axit dupe tang ham lupng mpt each dang kd so voi ddi chung.

Mdi khi chiing ta biet ro cae trinh tu protein giy di img hay protein dpc td, thi viec nhin bidt cac protein nhan duoc tir cay bidn ddi gien cQng de dang.

Hau het eac eh^t gay di ling la protein, khong phii tat ca protein nao cung giy di img. Trong thuc pham CO hing ngin protein vi chi mot sd rat it trong do c6 k h i ning gay di img. Qua phan tich bang nhiet cung cho thay hau bet cac protem gay di ling ddu ben voi nhiet v i q u i trinh chd bidn. Theo ket qua nghien ciiu ciia cie he thdng cua 59 phong thi nghiem an toan smh hpc chiu Au, cic protein tim thay tir ciy trdng GMO l i rat it so vdi thuc pham thong thuang.

3. Kdt qua nghien cuu tiSu h o i in vitro he ti6u hoiangircri

Luong phan hi ADN hay gien ton tai trong tiiuc pham bidn ddi gien luon dupe quan tam, qua nghien ciiu nay nguoi ta chi ra ring, khi thuc pham dupe dua vao mieng duoi su tieu h o i Ian thir nhat boi he enzym a-amylaza nuoc bpt, enzym DNaza, RNaza, sau do tidp tuc bi phan huy bdi he enzym da diy pepxin, tripsin, HCl tidp theo dupe chuyen xudng l i lach se dugc phin buy bdi enzym DNaza, RNaza, tripsin pepxin, HCl se tieu hoa protein, chudi thuc pham v i cudi ciing chiing dupe chuyen xudng he tieu hoa rupt Trong q u i trinh nay cac phan tir ADN cung nhu protein de dang tieu hoi.

4. Kdt qua nghien ciiu tieu h o i in vitro h^ tieu hoi a dOng v§t

Cung nhu qui trinh tieu hoi d nguoi, da diy dpng vat CO he vi sinh vat phin huy xenlulo, thirc an vao mieng bi phan giii bdi a-amylaza, ARNaza, ADNaza 1, die biet la duoi tic dung ciia dai thuc bao cic dang nguyen thd cua thirc in se bi tieu hoa hoan toan. Nguoi ta tinh toan duoc rang mot con bo an 24 kg thiic an kho tir thuc vat se cho tuong duong 54 ug ADN vi ADN cung dd dang bi phin buy bin Dnaza.

5. Nghien ciiu tinh dpc td

Nhimg cau hoi ve doc td ciia sinh vat bien ddi gien da dupe dat ra, heu nhung protein moi co nen dua vio chuoi thuc pham dupe khong? Lieu qua trinh van chuydn va tang trCf phan tir ADN co lam bien ddi protein trong co the smh vat. Nhimg nguoi soan thao quy che vd an toan thuc pham can co thong tin ve miic dp bieu hien a timg loai mo thuc vat khac nhau die biet la a nhimg phan in dupe. Neu nhimg nguoi dua ra quy chd vin con ban khoan ve miic dp an toin cua thuc pham bien ddi gien thi eo the lay them thong tin khach quan, khoa hpc. Trong thuc vat bien ddi gien, co nhimg trinh tu gen bi p h i vo gay ra tinh dpc hoie di ling. Kha nang gay doc cua cac chat noi sinh da dupe biet den nen viec danh gia miic dp dpc hai ciia cac thanh phan nay l i khong can thiet.

Thong tin vd san pham v i chd dp in udng can duoc dua ra vi chiing ta co thd tim thay rat nhidu loai doc td va cac di ung hien c6.

6. Nghien ciiu dang in vitro

Rat khd co thd du doan dupe nhiing anh hudng bat Ipi cua cic protein mdi co trong eay trdng bidn ddi gien se anh huong tdi siic khoe con nguoi vi dpng vat vi nhiing thitc an mdi nay rat gidng nhu nhiing thiic an thong thuong khic. Nhiing protein dac thii bi p h i va trong mdi truong in vitro cd the tieu h o i dupe nho enzym. Nhung protein hi pha vo nhanh chdng thi khd cd the cd bat ky mot inh huong CO hai nao trong he thdng tieu hoa cua nguoi hay dong vat. Viec them vio nhiing protein la cd the gay

NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012

(6)

KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 M O H I

ra k i c h ling vdi n h i m g p h a n i m g s i n h h p c d a n d d n g i y d p c h o a c d i ling. T r o n g m d t s d t r u d n g h p p , n h u n g n g h i e n ciiu c d t h d y e u c a u t i m h i e u k y s y bidu h i ^ n c u a g i e n , b e n c a n h d 6 vi^c tinh s g c h protein m d i va e a c n g h i e n ciiu giai t r i n h t u axit a m i n s o s i n h vdi c a c axit a m i n c u a c i c p r o t e i n g i y d i i m g d a bidt t r o n g n g a n h i n g protein tir d d c d k d t l u i n c h i n h x i c vd miic dd tirong d o n g t r i n h t\f axit amin h a y k h o n g di' xac d i n h rd vd d d an toan Uiyc p h d m .

• . HCN TRANG CAY TRONG BEN odl GEN ff VET NAM 1. N g h i e n ciiu t^o c i y t r d n g bidn d d i g i e n d YiH N a m , c h i i n g tn c h u a lao ra du(,>c g i d n g c i y t r d n g c h u y e n gien t h u a n g mai h d a , c i c n g h i e n c i m c h u y d n g i e n c h i la n h i m g n g h i e n c i m t a n m a n , k h d n g m a n g tinh c h i t h ^ t h d n g . D d l i m c h u du(,7e c o n g n g h d h i e n d a i t a o g i d n g c i y t r d n g n h u y m u d n ciia c o n n g u o i , c h u n g ta cdn phai l a m ehii diim- c d n g n g h e t i i to h o p A D N , t r o n g d o c d x i c d i n h c i c gicn hiiu ich, p h a n lap va thiet kd v e c t o bidu hif'n a c a c loai t h u c v i t k h i c n h a u , xay d u n g h ? t h d n g c h u y d n g i e n v i d i n h g i i bieu hien ciia g i e n c h u y d n , l a m c o sdr c h o vipc t a o ra c a c g i d n g c i y t r d n g m d i , d a p ling vdi y e u c i u e u a san x u a t va x a h o i .

Vdi p h u o n g c h a m thira k d v a tidp t h u n h i i n g t h a n h t u u tien tidn ciia c a c n u o c di t r u o c , g a n d a y c i c p h o n g thi n g h i e m t r o n g n u d e d a n h a n h c h o n g trien k h a i n g h i e n c i m c h u y e n g i e n v i o m d t s d c a y t r d n g v i d a t h u d u p e m d t s d t h i n h c d n g b u d t d a u t r o n g p h o n g thi n g h i e m . T r o n g c h u a n g t r i n h n g h i e n c i m k h o a h p c v i p h i t t n e n c d n g n g h d s i n h h p c K C 0 4 giai d o a n (2001-2005), (2006-2010) v i e h u o n g t r i n h t r p n g d i d m p h a t trien v a l i n g d u n g C N S H t r o n g linh v u c n d n g n g h i e p v a P T N T d d n n i m 2020 c i e vien n g h i e n c u u c h u y e n n g i n h d a t a p t r u n g n g h i e n ciiu n h u Vien C d n g n g h e Sinh h p c , Vien D i t r u y d n N o n g n g h i e p , Vien Lua d o n g b a n g s o n g Ciiu L o n g , Vien S i n h h p c N h i e t ddi, T r u d n g D a i h o c N o n g n g h i e p H i Noi, Vien N g h i e n ciru v i P h a t t n e n N d n g n g h i e p N h a H d , Vien N g h i e n ciiu N g o va c i c ca q u a n n g h i e n c i m k h i c d a b u d c d a u tao r a c i c c i y t r d n g bidn d d i g i e n v a c h i gidi h a n t r o n g p h o n g t h i n g h i e m : C a c k d t q u a birdc d a u dd l i c a y d a u t u o n g k h i n g s i u , c h i u h a n CTran T h i Ciic H o a v a C S , 2009), c a y t h u d c l i m a n g g i e n n g o a i lai n p t l l v a g u s (Nguydn Tlii Lien C h i v a c s , 1994), c h u y d n g i e n g u s B N G v i o c i y t h u d c l i ( T r a n T h i P h u o n g Lien v i N o n g Van Hai, 1997), c h u y d n g i e n k h a n g s i u v a o cay c i i b a p ^ a n g T r p n g L u o n g v i c s , 2000), c h u y d n g i e n v i o c a y d a u x a n h HL8953 b a n g c h i m g A. tumelaciens E H A 1 0 5 ( p r r B 2 ) ehiia g i e n b a r , g u s v i g i e n k h i n g

s a u CryIA(e) ( M a i T r u d n g v i c s . 1998 ) ; h a i g i d n g lua D T I O v i D T 1 3 d u p e c h u y d n g i e n G U S v i h p t n h d A tumefaciens LBA4404 ( p C A M B L \ - 1 3 0 1 ) . C i c c i y lua D T I O v i D T 1 3 b t h d h d R o d d u s d n g s o t ti-ong mdi t r u d n g c h p n Ipc c d chira 70 m g / 1 h y g r o m y c i n v i c u n g d a d u p e tiiii p h a n u n g h o i m o c h o c i c m 6 bidn nap ddu c h o b i d u h i d n k h i q u a n , d i d u d d c h o p h d p t i c gia n h i n bidt s v c d m a t c u a g i e n G U S t r o n g c a y (Nguydn Diic D o a n h v i c s , 1998). V e c t o m a n g g i e n e r y l A ( c ) d i d u p e thidt k d d d c h u y d n v i o c i c d d n g / g i d n g dd tao ra c i y t r d n g m d i cd k h i n S n g k h i n g s a u (Le T h i Thu Hidn va C S , 2002) v i n h i d u k d t q u i tin c i y k h i c dang d a n h e m d .

2. K h i o n g h i e m , d i n h g i i r u i r o c i y t r d n g bidn ddi g i e n d d i vdi d a d ^ n g s i n h h p c v i m 6 i t r u d n g dVi$t N a m

Lgi ich c u a vi^c t r d n g c i c g i d n g n g o bidn ddi g i e n (Bt-CrylAb) d a d u p e c h i i n g m i n h d nhidu nude trSn t h d gidi, t r o n g d d c d P h i l i p p i n e s , l i n u d e cd didu kien c a n h t i c , m d i t r u d n g s i n h t h i i , k h i h i u t u o n g tu n h u Viet N a m . Viec tridn k h a i k h a o n g h i e m d i n h gia riii r o d d i vdi m d i t r u d n g v i d a d a n g s m h h p c gidng n g o bidn d d i g i e n d m o i t n r d n g s i n h t h i i Vi^t Nam vira q u a l i c o s d dd tidn tdi t h u o n g mgi h o a gidng ngo bidn ddi g i e n t r o n g n h u n g n a m tidp t h e o .

a. Mi^c ti^u khao nghiem

Xic dinh tac dpng (ndu cd) ciia ngo chuydn gien ddn da dang sinh hpc va moi trudng sinh thii Vi?t Nam da dupe thuc hi^n trong bdn vu (nim 2010 va 2011). Da x i c dinh kha nang khing sau due than {Ostnnia Fumacalis Guenee) vi khing thudc trir co Glyphosate ciia ngo chuydn gien, dong thdi cCing da dinh g i i vi so sanh c i e d$c diem nong sinh hoc, ning su^t v i cic ydu td cau thinh ning suat ciia ngo bidn ddi gien so vdi ddi chiing.

b. Ynghia cua khao nghifm

Vi^c trien khai k h i o nghiem dinh g i i rui ro ddi vdi moi tnrdng v i da dang sinh hpc cac gidng ngo bien ddi gien d mdi trudng sinh thii Vi^t Nam tien tdi thuong mai h o i gidng ngo bien ddi gien se mang lai nhimg Ipi ich kinh td sau:

Giim sir dung thudc trir sau trong san xuat ngo, khdng cd tac dong xau tdi quan thd cic sinh vat khong chu dich va mdi trudng sinh thai Viet Nam, giam t i c dong xau tdi siic khoe eua con nguoi va moi trudng do sii dung it hon thudc bao ve thuc vit trong canh tie, tuong hpp cao vdi quan ly dich hai tdng hpp, tang n i n g suat v i chat lupng thu hoach.

N 6 N G NGHIf P V A PHAT TRIEN N C N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012

(7)

KHOA HQC CdNG NGH|

O Viet Nam, birdc dau d i cho tidn hinh trdng khao nghiem ciy bidn ddi gien dau tien tuin tiiii tiieo Nghi dinh sd 69/2010 eua Chinh phu quan ly an toin sinh hoc sinh vit bidn ddi gien v i Thdng tu sd 69/2009 cua Bp Ndng nghiep v i PTNT qui dinh khio kiem nghiem cay trdng bidn ddi gien. Nim 2010 va 2011 Bp Ndng nghiep v i PTNT da ra cic Quydt dinh so 773/QD-BNN-KHCN/2010, 774/QD-BNN- KHCN/2010. 1449/QD-BNN-KHCN/2010. 402/QD- BNN-KHCN/2011 cho phep khio nghiem han chd v i dien rdng ngo bien doi gien. Cic gidng ngo bidn ddi gien mang mpt hoie ca hai gien Bt khing siu, gien EPSPS khang tiiude diet cd. Viec hien khai khao nghiem danh gii rui ro ddi vdi mdi trudng v i da d^ng sinh hpc gidng ngo bien ddi gien d mdi trudng sinh thai Viet Nam d cic qui mo li eo sd khoa hpc dd dinh gia lieu ciy trdng bidn ddi gien cd tie ddng gi den mdi trudng vi da dang smh hpc hay khong trude khi dua ra quydt dinh trdng rdng rai cay ngo bien ddi gien d nude ta.

Trong hai nam 2010 v i 2011, cic don vi nghien ciiu dupe Bp Ndng nghiep va PTNT chi dinh, dd la- Vien Di truydn Ndng nghiep, Vien Bio ve Thuc vat.

Tram Khao nghiem gidng cay trdng v i Phan bdn Qude gia tai B i Ria-Viing Tau trien khai khao nghiem 5 gidng ngo bidn ddi gien MON89034, NK603, B t l l . GA21 va TC1507 cua cic Cong ty Monsanto, Syngenta, Pioneer. Dia diem trien khai tai nim dia phuong, dd li: Viiih Phiic, Dik Lak, B i Ria- Vung Tau, Hung Yen v i Son La. Sau hai n i m khao nghiem, Hdi ddng an toin sinh hpc Bd Ndng nghiep vi PTNT tidn hinh cic phien hop dpc lip dinh gii cho timg gidng ngo bien ddi gien. Cic gidng ngd bidn ddi gien chua phat hien ra bat cu trudng hpp nio tic dong xau den da dang sinh hpc cdn triing v i sinh vat khdng chu dich, ciing nhu anh hudng tieu CLTc ddn mdi trudng sinh thii noi khao nghiem.

Nhu vay, diing vd mat chidn lupc phit tndn KHKT ciia dat nude, Viet Nam khdng thd khong tidp cin vdi ky thuat v i ling dung gidng ciy trdng vi sin phim bidn ddi gien. Nghien ciiu gdn diy vd giy ip luc sau nhan tao trong n h i kinh tai UP Mindanao khing dinh gidng ngd iai bien ddi gien (ctyIA(b)) khang hieu qua ddi vdi sau due than ngo chau A (Rasco, E. T. Jr. va J. Mangubat, 2003). Kdt qua tiiu nghiem cho thay hidu qua cua gien cryIA(b) khang cao v i on dmh vdi sau due than ngd chiu A (Fernandez et al., 1997. 2000). Vi vay viec hidn khai khao nghiem ddng rugng han chd va dien rdng ddi

vdi ngd bidn ddi gien nhim muc tieu dinh gia riii ro ddi vdi mdi trudng v i da dang sinh hpc ddng thdi xic djnh tinh hi^u q u i cua gidng ngd bidn ddi gien CryIA(b) khing siu due thin ngd chau A {Ostrinia fumacalis Guene^ v i gien khing thudc trir cd d Viet Nam l i didu hdt siic cin thidt.

IV.KtTLUAN

- Q u i trinh chd bidn thiic an cd thd be gay phan tir ADN thuc vit (vi cd nhiet dp, enzym v i i p suat), phin tir ADN nguySn ven cung chua hd tim thay trong he tieu h o i ciia ddng vit nhai lai hoac cic loii gia siic gia cam khic.

- Protein mdi tir ciy trdng bien ddi gien chua timg phit hien ra d md, td bio ciia dpng vit, ti-ong trung hay trong siia ciia nhimg ddng vat sir dyng ngudn sinh vgt bidn ddi gien.

- Cho den nay ngudi ta van chua tim thay ADN ngoai lai nguyen ven trong dpng vat, cung nhu tning vi siia vi chinh vi thd ngudi ta coi thirc in gia siie cung nhu tiiue pham cd ngudn gdc tir cay hong bidn ddi gien li an toin vi kha ning gay riii ro ciia loai thuc pham cd ngudn gdc tir ciy trdng bidn ddi gien cung r i t ban chd so vdi cic thuc pham binh thuong khac.

Thuc pham cd ngudn gdc tir sinh vat bien ddi gien dang phat trien nhanh chong v i cd ehieu hudng toin cau hoa l i khdng thd phu nhan. Cho ddn nay Viet Nam van chua thuang mai h o i cay trdng bien ddi gien, song c i c s i n phdm bidn ddi gien da du nhap vao lanh thd cua ta theo nhieu eon dudng khic nhau. Do vay, chiing ta cin kiem soit ngudn thuc pham n i y qua danh g i i an toan sinh hpc thuc pham trudc khi no h o i nhap vio chudi thuc pham ndi dia.

Hai nam khio nghiem han chd va dien rdng cac gidng ngd bidn ddi gien Btll, GA21, MON89034, NK603 vi TC1507 cho thay:

- Ngd bidn ddi gien khing siu due than ngd chau A khdng cd inh hudng xau ddn cic smh vat khdng chii dich (he dpng vat chan ddt tren tan la, gdm c i siu hai va thien djch, cdn trimg hong dat, benh hai).

- Cic gidng ngd bidn ddi gien khing siu due than ngd chiu A cOng khdng lira tiiay ddi bat Ipi den he sinh thii, bao gdm ea hd sinh thii tu nhien Ian he sinh thii ndng nghiep.

- Cic gidng ngd bidn ddi gien khang siu due than ngd chau A cho hieu qua phong trir siu due

N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012

(8)

KHOA Hpe C6NO NOHJ

t h a n n g 6 r & c a o tai tiit c 4 c 4 c giai d o ? n sinh t r u i n g 6, K o m e U a Smalla, S a r a B o r i n , H o l g e r Heuer, c u a cay va an t o i n c h o c 4 c s i n h vat k h S c F r a n k G e b h a r d , J a n D i r k v a n E l s a s a n d Kaare

- C 4 c g i d n g n g 6 b i ^ n d d i g i e n k h d n g Ihutfc h^i c 6 N i e l s e n . J u l y 2000. H o r i z o n t a l t r a n s f e r of anUbioUc k h o n g c 6 n g u y c o t r o t h a n h CO d a i . r e s i s t a n c e g e n e s from d a t a t o fuel t h e d e b a t e .

TAI UtU THAM KHil) 7. Bertolia, F . , P . S i m o n e t , 1999. Horizontal 1. Transgenic food allergies: The CDC report gene transfer in th environment: natural on Cry9c Ouly, 2001). transformaUon as a putative process for gene transfer

2. Centers for Disease Control (2001). between transgenic plants and microorganisms. Res.

Investigation of human health effects associated with Microbiol. 150:375-384,

potential exposure to genetically modifled com, A 8. ITic council for Biotechnology informaUon, 2001.

report to the US Food and Drug Administration from Bt protein in soil the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.whybiotcch.com/p<U/Bt_Protein_in_Soip(lf.

http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehhe/. 9. Envu-onmcnt ProtecUon Agency, 1999. EPA 3. US Food and Drug Administration, 1994. and USDA position paper on insect resistance FDA Consumer: Food Allergies-Rare But Risky, management in Bt crops.

(Updated, 1997) http://www.epa.gov/pesUcides/biopesticides.

http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/-dras/wh-alrgl.html. 10. Andrew Powell. Food and feed safety 4. Gene Flow from Genetically Modified Rice assessment of GM crops: Principles, regulatory and and Its Environmental Consequences, science requirements. Training course on Biotech http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/wh-alrgl.htnil. Crops Commercialization in ASIA. 19-23 June. 2006,

5. C h a r l e s F . C h i l c u t t a n d B r u c e E . T a b a s h n i k . Manila, P h i l i p p i n e .

( j e n e flow from t r a n s g e n i c B t c o m t o non-Bt c o m 1 1 . Clive J a m e s . G l o b a l status of refuges, July. 2004. C o m m e r c i a l i z e d B i o t e c h / G M C r o p : 2 0 1 1 , No.43-

2 0 1 1 . I S A A A

G E N E T I C A L L Y M O D I F I E D P L A N T S T H E I R P R O D U C T S . P R O S P E C T S A N D C H A L L E N G E IN A G R I C U L T U R E

D a n g T r o n g L u o n g , L e H u y H a m S u m m a r y

International consensus h a s been reached on t h e principles regarding evaluation of t h e food safety of genetically modified plants (GMPs). T h e concept of substantial equivalence has been developed a s part of a safety evaluation framework, based on the idea that existing foods can serve as a basis for comparing the properties of genetically modified foods with the appropriate counterpart Application of the concept is not a safety assessment perse, b u t helps to identify similanties and differences between the existing food and the new product, which a r e then subject to further toxicological investigation. Substantial equivalence is a startmg point in t h e safety evaluation, rather than an endpoint of the assessment. Consensus on practical application of the principle should b e further elaborated. Expenences with t h e safety testing of newly inserted Cry9C or CrylAc proteins and of whole genetically modified foods (GMFs) a r e reviewed, and limitations of current test methodologies are discussed. The development and validation of new profiling methods such as DNA microarray technology, proteomics, and metabolomics for t h e identification and characterization of unintended effects, which may occur a s a resuk of t h e genetic modification, is recommended. T h e assessment of t h e allergenicity of newly inserted proteins and of marker genes is discussed. T h e safety assessment of transgenic plants is a challengmg and fascinating intersection of many disciplines of study, such a s agronomy, molecular biology and ecology. Assessing t h e safety of releases is an activity of fundamental importance for t h e protection of environmental a n d nontarget msects. it is worthwhile to appreciate the broader background against which safety assessments are being performed.

Keyword: GMPs, transgenic maize MON810, BtU, GA21, MON89034, NK603 v4 TC1507, CrylAb gene, contain assessment, allergenicity.

NguM phSn bi$n: PGS.TS. Va Dllc Quang Ng4ynh4nbM: 1/11/2012

Ngiy thdng qua phin bi$n: 4/12/2012 Ngiyduy^tdang: 13/12/2012

10 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 12/2012