r \ i ' l . H i KH( )A HQC D.M HQC VAN LANG T r m m g T h e Q u a n g
P H A N T I C H M O T S O VEL T O A N H Hl/ONG DEN QL A TRINH
CHE BIEN CA HOI KIRIMI DONG LANH IQF
ANALYZING FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF TREATING IQF FROZEN KIRIMI SALMON
TRlfCfSG THi QUANGO
TOM TAT: Xdy dimg quy trinh chi bien cd hoi kirimi dong lanh IQF. Che bien sdn phdm cd hdi kirimi dong lanh IQF vai khoi luang cd trung binh 36 g. nhiet do dong Ignh -16 "C, thai gian dong Ignh 93 phiit. thu duac sdn phdm co chdt Itr^mg cdm quan dgt logi tot v&i diim cdm quan 18.67 theo TCIK 3215-79. Kiim tra cdc chi tieu vi sinh ciia sdn phdm thu duac gom long s6 vi sinh vdt hiiu khi, Coliforms, Escherichia coli. Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens. Virio parahaeniolyticus. Staphylococcus aureus deu dgt yen cdu ve sinh an todn thuc phdm theo Quyet dinh so 46/2007/QD-BYTcua Bo Y te.
Tir khoa: Box - Wilson; cd hoi Xhdt Bdn; cdm quan; dong lanh IQF; vi sinh vdt.
ABSTRACT: To Establish treating process for IQF frozen kirimi salmon. Processing products of IQF frozen kirimi salmon with an average weight of 3g, freezing temperature of-16"C. freezing time of 93 minutes and obtains a product of good sensory quality with a sensory point 18.67 according to Vietnam Standard 3215-79. Check the microbiological criteria of the product obtained including the total number of aerobic microorganisms, Coliforms. Escherichia coli. Salmonella. Clostridium perfringens. Virio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, all meet food hygiene and safely requirements under Decision No.
46/2007/QD-BYT ofthe Ministry of Health.
Key words: Box - Wilson; chum salmon; sensory; IQF frozen; microorganism.
1. DAT VAN DE Tay Duong d B k Dai Tay Duong. Gidng Ca hdi la ten chung cho nhieu loai ca thii hai Oncorhynchus, gdm tam loai ehi cd thupc hp Salmonidae. Nhieu loai ca khae trong ty nhien tai Bdc Thai Binh Duong cimg hp dupe gpi la Trout sy khac biet [4]. Cung ed mdt hp ca hdi Trung thudng dupe cho la ca hdi Salmon di cu Qudc duoc dua vao New Zealand. Theo edn ca hdi Trout khdng di eu, nhirag sy nhdm, ehiing duac ggi la ca hdi Thai Binh phan biet nay khdng hoan toan ehinh xac. Ducmg. Ca hdi cd gia tri dinh dudng rkt dac Ca hdi sdng dpc cac bd bien Bae Dai Tay biet gdm thanh phin cac acid beo chua bao Duong, Thai Bmh Duong va eung da rimg hda, eac acid amin cung nhu vitamin ckn dupe dua tdi hd ldn d Bae My. Cd chin loai thiet cho co the. 0 Viet Nam, ea hdi duac ea hdi thuang mai quan ypng, thupc hai nhap khau va luang hang cd quanh nam gidng. Gidng thir nhat Salmo. cd ca hdi Dai Ngudn nhap khau ehu ydu la ca hdi Nhat
'** TS. Tnrcmg Dai hoc Van Lang, [email protected] vn, Md sd: TCKHl7-04-20}9 102
TAPCHl KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG So 17. Thang 9-2019 Ban (Chum salmon) cd ten khoa hpc la
QKOiiiynchus keta (Hinh 1) d ca hai dang thinh phJm va nguyen lieu. Ca hdi nguyen li^ nb?p khau ve Viet Nam dupe eac edng ty thuy san gia cdng, chd bien thanh nhieu tD$( hang ngon va bd duong nhu ca hdi gishi, ca hdi khe, ca hdi cha bdng, ca hdi makishin, ea hdi kirimi,... tidu thy trong nude hoac xuat khau.
HlDh I. Ca hcii Chum salmon (Oncorhyncfius keia) [ I Che bien ca hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF (Individual Quickly Freezer) trai qua nhieu giai doan mdi hinh thanh san pham cudi CLing. Trong qua trinh xir ly nguyen tieu de t?o ra san pham cudi ciing rat de lam mat nhimg gia tri dinh dudng, khdi tuong san pham. Van de d^it ra ddi vdi cac nha san xual la phai t^o ra san pham vira dam bao yeu td cd the bao quan lanh duac lau dai, iiei ki?m chi phi san xuat, khdng lam mat gii hi dinh dudng cua san pham, dam bao V? sinh an toan thyc pham. Cd nhieu nguyen nhan dan den san pham thiiy san che bien khdng dat yeu eau can phai nghien ciru khac phuc. Cac san pham thiiy san che bien dat yeu cau ciing can nghien ciiu thay ddi quy hinh ehe bien dd chat luong san pMm ngay cang tdt han, gia thanh thap hon. Ddi vdi mat hang ea hdi Idrimi ddng 1 ^ IQF tai cae edng ty chd bien thiiy san hifn nay, cd nhieu Id hang khdng dat yeu cau, bi th^i loai. Vi vay, nghien cim cac yeu '0 anh hudng den ch4t tuong san pham ca
hdi kirimi ddng Ianh IQF di- nang eao ch5t luang san pham la can thidt.
Muc lieu nghien cim, khao sat va xay dyng quy trinh che bien ea hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF, nghien eiiu cac ydu td khdi tupng ca trung binh, nhiet dp ddng lanh, thdi gian ddng lanh anh hudng den chat tupng cam quan va vi sinh san pham.
2. NOI DLNG
2.L Phutmg phap nghien cihi Xdy dung quy trinh che bien cd hoi kirimi dong lanh IQF; Khao sat quy trinh che bidn ea hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF bang phuang phap phi thue nghiem quan sat, phdng van va thu thap thdng tin de xay dung quy yinh che bien.
Kiem tra chdt luang cam quan sdn phdm: Bang phuang phap eho diem theo TCVN 3 2 1 5 - 7 9 [5],
Kiem tra chdt luang vi sinh vdt sdn phdm: Tdng sd vi sinh vat hieu khi (TPC) dupe dem bang each dd va u yong dieu kien hieu khi d 30 °C yong 7 2 + 6 gid [3].
Coliforms theo phuang phap Nordic Committee on Food Analysis (NCFA) 44, an ban tan 4, 1995. Escherichia coli theo Tieu chuin Viet Xam (TCVN) 5287, dn ban lan 2, \994.Salmonella theo phuang phap NCFA 71, an ban i k 5, 1999.
Clostridium perfringens theo phuang phap NCFA 56, an ban lan 3, 1994. Virio parahaemolyticus theo so tay phan tieh vi sinh Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in ban tan 8, 1995.
Staphylococcus aureus theo phuang phap NCFA 66, k ban ian 3, 1999.
Nghien ciru cde yeu to dnh huang den chdt luang sdn phdm: Nghien cuu cac yeu td khoi luong ca (trung binh), nhiet dp ddng
TAP CH] KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Trmme Th£ Quang
lanh, thdi gian ddng lanh de chat lupng cam quan va vi sinh san pham tdt nhat bang phucmg phap quy hoaeh thyc nghiem bac hai Box-Wilson [7].
2.2. Ket qua \ a thao luan
2.2.1. Quy trinh che bien cd hoi kirimi dong lanh IQF
Quy yinh chd bidn ca hdi kirimi dong Ianh IQF dupe yinh bay (Hinh 2). H? thdng cdp ddng IQF hay cdn gpi la he thdng cap ddng sieu tdc cac san pham rdi. H? thdng nay sii dung cac bang chuyen chuyen dpng vdi van tdc cham. Trong qua yinh di ehuyen, san pham can ddng lanh se dupe tiep xiic vdi khdng khi lanh nhi?t dp thap din [2].
Nguyen li?u
'
fTiep nh^n nguyen lieu
'
Ra ddng 1
Danh vay
Riial
Fillet
Ung lucmg, chinh hinh
Nho xuong
Kiem xuong lan I va Ian 2
'
r Loai bd ky sinh triingRita 2, de rao
Xep mam, cap dong 1
Ra ddng 2, c3t kirimi
'
Xep mam, cap ddng 2
Phan Io$i, phan cd, dem
Can, ma bang
Vd bao, hut chan khdng
Ddng thung, do kim logi, bSo quan
Hinh 2. So do quy irinh che bi£n ca hoi kinmi dong lanh IQF (61
T»P CHl KHOA HQC t>Al HtjL VAN LANG
III Quy hofch thirc nghiem Bo tri 15 thi nghi$m eap dong IQF Ollu san pham theo phuong phap quy boicb thvc nghi?m bac hai Box - Wilson voi cac y^u to khoi lu(;ng ca, nhiet do dong Ijnli, thoi gian dong lanh va kiem tra chat hjgng cam quan san pham thu dugc ket qua
So 17, Thang 9 - 2 0 1 9 (Bang 1). Qua kk qua thi nghiem (Bang I) nit ra nhan xet thi nghiem 4 co diim chk luong cam quan Ion nh5t, thi nghiem 13 co diem chat luong cam quan thip nhit. Nhin chimg, khoi luong ca cang Ion, thai gian dong lanh cang Ion va nhiet do dong lanh cang nho.
TT
1 2
!
4 S i 7 1 9 10 II 12 13 14 IS
Kbii
i>(g) 36 36 36 36 86 86 86 86 91.375 30.625 61 61 61 61 61
Bang 1.
NhiiK^dang h n h x i f q
- 2 0 - 2 0 - 1 6 - 1 6 - 2 0 - 2 0 - 1 6 -16 - 1 8 - 1 8 -15,57 -20,43 - 1 8 -18 - 1 8
Ket qua thi ng
Tlwi^an
* n g lan[ix)(phut)
60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 75 75 75 75 93,225 56,775 75
liem va danh gia chat uong cam Diem Irung binh cua c i c chi
tieu cam quan Trang
thai 4,25 2,69 3,70 4,50 3,56 2,89 3,00 4,44 2,96 2,75 3,00 3.22 3,11 3.52 2,97
Mui vi 4,25 4,35 4,25 4,68 3,45 3,71 2,83 3,36 2,87 2,73 3.12 2.80 2.03 2.44 3.25
M i u sac 4.75 4.50 4.60 4.76 3.82 4.39 3.28 3.94 3,24 2,78 3,36 2,91 2,61 3,02 3,16
quan [6]
Diemdiat ki^ngcam quanfe)
17,67 16,33 17,00 18.67 14,33 15,00 12,00 15.00 12.00 11.00 12.67 11.67 9.67 11.33 12.67
Xep loai san phSm
Kha Kha Kha Kha Trung binh Tmng binh Tnjng binh Tning binh Tmng binh Kem Tmng binh Tmng binh Kem Tmng binh Tmng binh
^ i i . Ket qua nghien ciru cdc yeu to dnh Iwmg din chdt lu-gmg sdn phdm
Nghien cihi cac yeu t6 khSi lugng ca, nhiet do dong lanh, thai gian dong lanh sao
«o chat lugng cam quan va vi sinh san pham tot nhat bang phuong phap quy hoach
% nghiem bac hai Box Wilson thu ilroc phuong trinh chit lugng san phim:
y = 40469,9 + 2,02877x1 - 315,892x2 - 6,62174X3 - 0,01X1X2 + 0,001 llxixs *•
0,02225X2X3 + 0,00322x,2 + 0,61737X2^ + 0,00595X3^
Kit qua tii uu hoa ly thuyet cho thay, a khii lugng ca xi = 36 g, nhiet do X2 = -
15,57 °C, thai gian cap dong X3 = 93,225 phut, chit lugng cam quan san pham dat
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG Trmmg The Quang diem tdi da 19,69/20. Can cu ket qua tdi mi
hda !y thuyet, ehe bidn ca hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF cd khdi lugmg 36 g, nhiet dp ddng lanh -16 **C, thai gian cap ddng 93 phut.
Sau dd, san pham duac ba hdi ddng danh gia ehat lugng cam quan theo TCVN 3215- 79, ket qua san pham dat loai tdt. diem trungbinh la 18,67/20.
Nhan xet cac yeu td khdt lirong ca, nhiet dp ddng lanh va thdi gian ddng lanh ddu anh hudng den chat lugng cam quan cua ea hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF. Khi khdi lugng ca cang nhd, nhiet dp ddng lanh ca tang va thai gian eap ddng nhanh, khi do
chat lugng cam quan ca cang cao. Ngugc Iai, khi khdi lugng ca cang Idn. cang phai ha th^p nhi?t dp va tang them thdi gian ddng lanh ca, khi dd chk lugng cam quan ca cang tdt. Nhung ndu khdi lugng ca lan, eSp ddng dr nhiet dp eao va thai gian cap ddng nhanh, san ph3m se dat chat lugng cam quan kem. Didm chat lugng cam quan (y) ty Ie thuan vdi nhiet dp ddng Ianh (X2) va ty Id nghich vdi cac yeu td khdi lugng ea (xi) va thai gian ddng lanh (xs). San pham ca hdi kirimi sau khi tdi uu hda thyrc nghiem, duge kiem nghiem vi sinh, ket qua neu trong (Bang 2).
Bang 2. Ket qua kiem nghi?m vi sinh san pham ca hoi kirimi dong lanh IQF [6]
Chi tieu vi sinh ki€m tra TPC
(CFU/g) 2,2.10'
Coliforms (CFU/g) 0,3.10'
E. coll (CFU/g)
0
5. aureu.-; Salmonella (CFU/g) (CFU/25g)
0 0
V. parahaemolyticus (CFU/25g)
0,1.10=
Cl. perfingens (CFU/g)
0,1.10'
Nhu vay, san pham ca hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF cd cac chi tieu vi sinh neu tai (Bang 2) deu dat gioi han an toan ve sinh thue pham cho phep theo quyet dinh so 46/2007/QD-BYT eua Bd Y td.
3. K£T LUAN
Khao sat va xay dung thanh cdng quy trinh che bien ca hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF. Tdi uu hda ly thuyet san pham ca hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF vdi khdi lucmg ca 36 g; nhiet dp ddng lanh -15,57 °C va thcfi gian ddng lanh 93,225 phut, san
pham dat diem cam quan tdi da 19,69/20.
Tdi uu hda thuc nghiem san pham ea hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF vdi khoi lugng ea 36 g; nhiet dp ddng lanh -15,57 °C vi thdi gian ddng lanh 93,225 phiit, ehat lugng cam quan san ph5m dat loai tdt, d^t didm cam quan trung binh 18,67/20. San pham ca hdi kirimi ddng lanh IQF sau khi tdi uu hda thuc nghiem ddu dat cae chi tieu vi sinh theo quydt dinh sd 46/2007/QD-BYT cua Bd Y td.
T^iirHi KHOA HtJC B»l HQC VAN LANG S6 17, Thing 9 - 2019 T/ilUfU THAM K H A O
IllNguyeti Xuan Phuang (2006), Ky thuat lanh sdn phdm, Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky thuat. Ha Ngi.
121 Nguyen Doan Y (2003), Gido trinh quy hoach thuc nghiem, Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky iliuat. Ha Ngi.
131 Tltrong Thi Quang (2017), Gido trinh Kiem tm chdt hrongsdnphdm, Titiong Dai hgc Van Lang.
141 Tnrong Thi Quang, Tran Thi Kim Ngan (2019), Toi uu hoa cdc tham so vdn hdnh thiet bj tam lanh di ndng cao chdt luong sdn phdm cd hoi kirimi che bien tai Cong ty Co phdn Sii Gdn Food, Truang Dai hgc Van Lang.
[51 Dpng thyc vat Viet Nam (2016), Co bao nhieu lodi cd hoi?
liltp://faunaandfloragfvietnam.blggspot.com/2016/03/co-bao-nhieu-loai-ca-hoi.html, Ttuy tip 15.07-2019.
[6] Kiim nghi?m an toan thuc phim blog's (2010), Phucmg phdp kiem nghiem vi sinh tmng thifc phdm, http://kiemnghiemthucpham. blogspot.com/2010/12/phuong-phap-kiem- nghiera-vi-sinh-trong.html, Truy cap 18-07-2019.
(7]Wiltipedia (2019), Cd hoi, https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ C%C3%AI_h% El%BB%93i, Tray cap 20/07/2019.
Ngay nhSn bai: 29-7-2019. Ngay bien tap xong: 19-8-2019. Duyet dang: 25-9-2019
