Cac nhan to anh hii^&ng den su" hai long trong cong viec cua cong chu'c tai cac cd quan chuyen mon thuoc quan Bmh Tan, TP. Ho Chi Minh
DtTdNG VAN TUAN*
PHAN QUAN VIET"
Torn tat
Nghien cffu nham xdc dinh cdc nhdn tddnh hudng din sit hdi Idng trong cong viee eua cong chffe trong cdc eo quan chuyen mon lai quan Binh Tdn, TP. Ho Chi Minh. Thong qua dieu tra 207 cong chffc dang ldm viic tgi cdc vi tri khdc nhau trong cde co quan chuyen mon qudn Binh Tdn, nghiin cffu xdc dinh 8 nhdn to eo dnh hudng din su hdi long trong edng viee eua cong chffc, gom: Tinh chdt cong viec; Co hoi ddo tgo; Tien luong; Phffc lgi; Ldnh dgo; Dong nghiip; Diiu kiin ldm viic vd Ddnh gid thdnh tich. Trong do, nhdn toLdnh dgo vd Dieu kien ldm viic eo dnh hudng mgnh nhdt.
Tijf khoa: ede nhdn id dnh hudng, sU hdi long, cong viee, edng chffc, quan Binh Tdn, TP. Ho Chi Minh
Summary
This study aims to identify factors affecting the job satisfaction of civil servants who are working at specialized agencies in Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh City. Through a survey of 207 civil servants with different positions at specialized agencies in the district, the study identifies eight determinants, including Nature of work; Training opportunities; Salary;
Welfare; Leader; Colleague; Working conditions; Evaluation of achievement. In particular, Leader and Working conditions are the most influential factors.
Keywords: determinants, satisfaction, job, public servants, Binh Tan district. Ho Chi Minh City
G l 6 l THIEU CO S6 LY THUYET VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
Xay difng, nang cao cha't Itfdng ddi ngu can bd,
cdng chffe, vien chffc la mdt trong nhffng ndi dung Idn Cosd ly thuyet
cua Chtfdng trinh tdng the cai each hanh cbinh nha Da cd rat nhieu nghien ctfu v^ stf ntfdc hien nay. De gdp phan thffc hien cac muc deu hai Idng cua nhan vidn ddi vdi cdng cai each hanh cbinh ndu tren, thi nhiem vu trtfdc mat vide dtfdc thtfc hien trong nhffng thSp cung nhtf lau dai la phai xay dtfng dtfdc ddi ngff can nidn qua. Theo Kim Dung (2005), bd, cdng chffe vffa cd trinh dp chuyen mdn va ky nang thang do chi sd' md ta cdng viec - JDI nghe nghiep cao, vffa giac ngd ve chinh tri, cd tinh do Smith et al. (1969) thie't lap dffdc than trach nhiem, tan tuy, edng tam, vffa cd dao dffc, danh_gia cao trong ca Hnh vufc nghidn lidm khie't khi thi hanh nhiem vu. Vdi nhffng thffc tidn cffu lan thtfc tien.
neu trdn, vide danh gia stf hai Idng trong cdng viec ^ Nghien ctfu cua Price (1997) cho cua cdng chffc nham nang cao chat Iffdng dpi ngu cdng rang, JDI la cdng cu nen Itfa chon cho chtfc trong cac cd quan chuyen mdn tai quan Binh Tan, eac nghien ctfu do Itfdng ve mffc dd hai TP. Hd Chi Minh hien nay la van d l ra't can thie't. long ctia nhan vidn trong cong viec ', " TS., Trirdng Dai hpc Van Lang
Ngdy nhan bdi: 17/01/2020; Ngdy phan bien: 18/02/2020; Ngdy duySt ddng: 20/02/2020
80
Chi trong 20 nam cudi t h e k y XX, JDI dtfdc sff dung trong hdn 600 nghien cffu da dtfdc xua't ban (Ajmi 2001).
Ltfdc khao cac cdng trinh nghien cffu trffdc do, nghien cffu Iffa chpn 8 nhan td ddc lap tac ddng de'n stf hai Idng cua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuydn mdn quSn Binh Tan, bao gdm: Tinh cha't edng viec; Cd hdi dao tao; Tien Iffdng; Phuc ldi; Lanh dao; Dong nghidp; Dieu kidn Iam viec; Danh gia thanh tich. Md hinh nghidn cffu dtfdc de xua't nhtf Hinh.
Gia thuyd't cac nhan td' anh htfdng de'n stf hai Idng trong cdng vide cua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuydn mdn thudc quan Binh Tan, TP. Ho Chi Minh dtfdc dtfa ra, nhff sau:
Gia thuye't HI: Tinh cha't cdng viec ten tai md'i quan hd tffdng quan dffdng giffa nhan to' tinh cha't cdng vide va sff hai long cdng vide cua cdng chffc tai eac cdquan chuyen mdn quan Blnh Tan, TP.
Hd Chi Minh.
Gia thuye't H2: Cd hdi dao tao tdn tai md'i quan hd tffdng quan dffdng giffa nhan td' cd hdi dao tao vdi sff hai Idng cdng vide cua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn quan Binh Tan, TP.
Hd Chi Minh.
Gia thuye't H3: Tien Itfdng tdn tai md'i quan he ttfdng quan dtfdng giffa tien Itfdng vdi stf hai long cdng vide cua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn quSn Binh Tan, TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Gia thuye't H4: Phuc Idi tdn tai md'i quan he ttfdng quan dtfdng giffa phuc ldi vdi sff hai Idng edng viec eua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuydn mdn quan Binh Tan, TP. Hd Chi Minh.
Gia thuyd't H5: Lanh dao tdn tai md'i quan he tffdng quan dffdng nhan td' lanh dao va sff hai Idng edng viec cua cdng chtfc tai cac cd quan chuydn mdn quan Binh Tan, TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Gia thuye't H6: Dong nghiep ton tai moi quan he tffdng quan dffdng giffa nhan to'md'i quan he vdi ddng nghidp va stf hai long cdng viec cua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn quan Binh Tan, TP. Hd Chi Minh.
Gia thuyd't H7: Dieu kien lam vide tdn tai md'i quan he tffdng quan dtfdng giffa nhan td' dieu kidn iam viec va stf hai Idng edng viec cua cdng chtfc tai cac cdquan chuyen mdn quan Binh Tan, TP.
Hd Chi Minh.
Gia thuye't H8; Danh gia thanh tich tdn tai md'i quan hd tffdng quan dtfdng
HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CtJu DE XGAT
BANG 1: THANG DO NGHIEN C(Sa SAd KHI HIEO CHINH Cac
nhSntal' Tinh chat cdng
Ctfhoi dao tgo
Tien Itfrfng
PhucItfi
Lanh dao
Dong nghiep Dieu ki$n lam viec Danh gia thanh tich
Sir hai long
Ma hoa CVI CV2 CV.3 CV4 CVS CV6 DTI DT2 D^^
TI.I TI.?.
TI.3 PLl PI .7.
PL3 TDI I.D:^
].m i,n4 ID-i 1 0 6 DNl ON?
DNI OKI OK?
OKI nK4 noi DG?
D m Dn4 DO-i ori6 m.i m,?
Hl.l HI 4 Hl.'i HL6
Ndi dung
Cong viee phii hdp vdi trinh do chuyen mon cua anh/chi Cong vi6c cho phep anh/chi su" dung tot cac nans lu'cca nhan Cong viec cua anh/chi co nhieu thil thach
Cflne viec cua anh/chi rS^l thii vi Khfi'i liTdne cone viec cua anh/chi la hOp Iv
Cong vi6c cua anh/chi phu hcf£.v(Ji tinh each, nang li/c ban [hSn Anh/chi difcfc cung cap cac chu^dng trinh dao tao can thiet cho cong viec
Cac chtfcfng trinh dao tao co hieu qua I6't
Cd quan thu'dng xuvendau tir nana cao trinh do cho anh/chi Tien lifting cua anh/chi du de dip li'ng cac nhu cau ciia cuoc song_
Tien lifctng cua anh/chi tifOng xiJng v6\ ket qua c6ng vi6c Cac khoan phu cap cua anh/chi dam bao hdpjy Cd quan cua anh/chi tham gia d6ng d^y du cac loai bao hiem theo quy dinh
Cd_guan cua anti/chi giai quyet tot,_day du che do om dau Hang nam cd quan cua anh/chi deu to chu'c cho nhan vien di du hch, nghi du'dng
Anh/chi nhSn diTdc nhiiu sU ho trd lif lanh dao Lanh dao ling nghe quan diem va suv nchT cua anh/chi Lanh dao coi trong tai n3ng va si/ dong gop cua anh/chi Anh/chi du'dc lanh dao dS^i xu' cong bang
Anh/chi du'dc lanh dao tao dieu kien de phdt irien ban than Lanh dao c6 nang lUc, tam nhin va kha nang dieu hanh Dong nghtSp cua anti/chi gin gui, thSn thien
Anh/chi CO the hoc hoi chuyen mon du'dc nhieu ttr cac dong_nghiep Dong nghiep cua anh/chi sJn sang aiup dS, phoi hdp u-one cong viec Thdi gian lam viec ciia anh/chi hdp ly
Anh/chi dUdc trang bi day du trang thiet bi can thiet Ndi lam viec cua anh/chi rat ve sinhj_sach se B£U khong khi ndi lam viec cua anh/chi ra't thin thien Viec dinh gia thanh tich cua anh/chi chinh xac va kip thdi Viec danh gia la cQng bang aiiJa cac nhan vien Cac tieu chf danh gia hdp 1^, ro rang_
Ket qua dinh giS \k cd sd cho viec khen thu'dng cua anh/chi Ket qua dinh gid phan anh diing nang life ciia anh/chi Ke't qua iam viec ciia anh/chi du'dc danh gia mot each day dii Anh/chi v§u thich cong vific hiSn tai
Anh/chi hai long vdi cd quan
Anh/chi se tiep tuc giin bo liu dai vdi cd quan
Anh/chi s2n sang h^ sinh quyin ldi ca nbSn de ho&n thanh cong viec Anh/chi thu'dng lam viec vdi iSm irang tot nha't
Anh/chi luon cam thav hiJng thu khi lam cone viec hien tai
81
B A N G 2 : K E T Q U A P H A N TJCH CRONBACH'S ALPHA CCIA CAC N H A N TO S(S H A I LONG CONG VIEC (HL) Kl
hi^u bi^n
Bi€'n quan sat
Trung binh PbiAAig sai Tifcftig thang do ffaang do quan nSii lo^i l»^n n^b lo^i bi@h bi^'n-t^ng
Cronbach's Alphan^ulrign
n^y b\ lo9i Stf hai long c6ng vi^c - Cronbach's Alpha = 0,678 HLl
HL2 HL3 HL4 HL5 HL6
Anh/Chi yeu thich cdng vi6c hien tai Anh/Chi hai long vdi cdquan Anh/Chi se tiep tuc gin
>6 ISu dai vdi cd quan Anh/Chi siin sang hy sinh quyen ldi ca nhan de hoan thanh cong viec Anh/Chi thu'dng lam viec vdi tam trang tot nhat Anh/Chi luon cdm thay iling thij khi lam cong viec hien tai
17,78 17.80 17,64 17,76 17.81 17,65
4,084 3,917 4,222 4,104 4,125 4.150
,315 ,513 ,353 ,469 ,429 ,389
,674 ,600 ,654 ,617 ,629 .642
BANG 3 : H A T R 4 N XOAY C A C N H A N TO DOC LAP
Big^n LD6 LDI LD4 LD5 LD2 LD3 CVS CVI CV4 CV6 CV3 CV2 DG6 DGI DG5 DG3 DG2 DG4 DTI DT3 DT2 DK2 DK4 DK3 OKI DN3 DN!
DN2 TL^
TLI PL2 PL3
Nhari^S"
1 ,847 .839 ,820 .801 ,755 ,713
2
.874 ,863 ,845 ,802 ,791 ,761
3
,893 ,861 ,861 .816 ,735 ,696
4
,945 ,944 ,905
5
,772 ,769 .758 ,724 ,345
6
-,340 -,381
.756 ,721 ,636
7
,850 .821 ,788
8
.798 ,785 ,761 Extraction Method- Principal Component Analysis.
Rolalion Meihod: Varimax wilh Kaiser Normalization.
N g u o n ' Ket qua XLT ly d a lieu cua cac tac gia
giffa nhan td ddnh gia thanh tich va sff hai long cdng vide cua cdng chffc tai c5c cd quan chuyen mdn quan Binh T&n, TP.
H 6 Chi Minh.
Thang do cdc nhan td' anh hffdng den sff hai long trong cdng vide cua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn thudc quan Blnh Tan, TP. H 6 Chi Minh dffdc ky hieu nhff Bdng 1.
Phuang phdp nghiin cdu Nghien cffu da tid'n hanh dieu tra 207 cdng chffc dang Iam vide tai c^c vi tri khac nhau cua cac cd quan chuyen mdn quan Binh TSn, TP. Ho Chf Minh trong thdi gian tff thang 6--9/2019. Ke't qua thu ve 207 phie'u hdp le dffdc chap nhan dffa vao sff dung. Dff lieu thu thap dffdc xff !y bang phan m^m SPSS 22.0.
KET QUA NGHIEN CQU
Kiim dinh Cronbach's Alpha Bang 2 cho tha'y, trj so' tffdng quan bid'n tdng cua cac bid'n quan sit d^u dat trdn 0,3 va trj so Cronbach's Alpha ne'u bie'n nay bj loai deu nho hdn trj so' Cronbach's Alpha cua thang do, chffng to thang do dffdc xay di^ng td't va cac bie'n quan sat trong thang do deu ddng gdp cho vide do lffdng nhan td' Sir hai long cdng viec. Do vay, cac bie'n nay se dffdc giff lai cho cac bffdc phan tich sau.
Phdn tich nhdn tdkhdmphd (EFA) Thang do cua cac nh^n td' sau khi phin tfch Cronbach's Alpha dffdc tid'p tuc dtfa vao phan tich EFA de' danh gia do hgi tu ctia cac bid'n quan sat theo cac nh^n td' anh hffdng.
Ke't qua Bang 3 cho thay, phffdng sai trich la 71,320% > 50% la dat ydu ciu. Vdi phffdng phap rut trich Principal components va phep quay Varimax, cd 8 nhan td' ddc lap dffdc riit trich ra tff cdc bid'n quan sat. Tat ca ci!c bid'n deu co he so' tai nhan to' > 0,5. Cac bid'n CV6, CV2 va DNl CO he so' tai nam d hai nhan to', tuy nhidn, do chenh lech giffa hai he sd' tai nhan to' > 0,3, vi vay, cac bid'n nay vin dat gia tri hgi tu vao cac nhSn to'.
Dieu nay chffng minh rang, 8 nhan to' rut trich ra the hien dffdc kha nang giai thich dffdc 71,320% sff thay ddi cija bie'n phu thudc trong tdng the.
kiem dinh ANOVA
Kd't qua cho thS'y, gia thuye't HO bi bac ho, cac he so' hoi quy cua md hinh deu khac 0 vdi gia tri F dat dffdc ia 59,085 va he so Sig. la ,000 < ,005. Nhff
82
BANG 4: KET Q G A KIEM DjNH ANOVA Mdhinh
'
Hoi quv Phandu-
Ions
Ttf US c4c l ^ h DhiAfiie 22,369
9,370 31,739
df 8 198 206
Trims ldnh Uunh Dhiftfng 2,796
,047 F 59.085
Sifi.
,000"
BANG 5: Hp 50 HOI Q G Y CHUAN HOA CUA M O HINH LV THGYET
•
(Constani) CV DT TL PL LD DN DK DG
Cach^sfT h6\ QUV B
,218 ,093 ,127 ,126 ,106 ,144 ,072 ,143 ,106
Sai l^ch chu^n ,188 ,015 ,016 ,026 .024 ,019 ,021 ,019 ,024
Cac h$ s^
chn^n hoa Beta
,252 .314 ,192 .171 .335 .162 ,335 ,175
t 1,160 6,379 7,898 4,902 4,385 7,412 3,433 7,576 4,453
Sig.
,248 000 000 000 000 000 001 000 000
Da cdng tuy^n Tolerance
,958 ,943 ,977 ,981 ,728 ,669 .762 ,962
VIF 1,044 L060 1,024 1,019 1,373 1,494 1,312 1.040 a. Dependent Variable: HL
v§y, md hinh hoi quy dang phSn tich phu hdp vdi bd dff Ueu thu thap dffdc, cd it nha't 01 nhan td' anh hffdng dd'n bie'n phu thugc sff hai long trong cdng viec.
Phdn tich hoi quy
Kd't qua hoi quy Bang 5 cho thay, ta't ca 8 nhSn to' bao gom: Tinh chS't cdng vide; Cd hdi dao tao; Tien Iffdng; Phuc ldi; Lanh dao; Dong nghidp; Diiu kidn lam vide va Danh gia thanh tich deu cd md'i tffdng quan manh va co y nghia thd'ng ke trong md hinh phan tich vdi Sig. < 0,05. Ddng thdi, VIF diu nSm trong khoang tff 1 de'n 2, nen cd the' kd't luan rang, khdng cd hien tffdng da cdng tuyd'n giffa cac bie'n ddc lap.
Phffdng trinh hoi quy cd dang nhff sau:
HL= 0,252*CV + 0,'3}4*DT + 0,192*TL + 0,171*PL + 0,335*LD + 0,162*DN + 0,335*DK + 0,175WG
Phffdng trinh hoi quy cho tha'y, mffc do anh hu'dng cua cac bien ddc l§p len bie'n phu thudc theo thff tff giam dan, nhff sau; Lanh dao; Dieu kidn lam vide;
Ngu6n- Kit qua xii ly diJ lieu cua cac tac gia Cd hdi dao tao; Tinh chS^t edng vide; Tien Iffdng; Danh gia thanh tich; Phuc ldi va Ddng nghiep. Tff kd't qua nghidn cffu, ed the ke't luSn rang, 8 gia thuye't trong md hinh nghien cffu cdc nhSn to' anh hffdng tdi sff hai long edng vide cua cdng chffc cac cd quan chuydn mdn quan Binh Tan, TP. Hd Chi Minh deu difdc chap nhan.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y NGHIEN CUlJ
Ke't qua nghidn cffu cho tha'y, cd 8 nhan td' ed anh hffdng dd'n sff hai long cdng vide cua cdng chffc cac cd quan chuydn mdn quan Binh Tan. Trong do, nhan td' Lanh dao va Dieu kidn lam vide cd anh hffdng manh nha't de'n sff hai long cdng viec cua cdng^chffc cac cd quan chuyen mdn quSn Binh Tan, TP. Hd Chi Minh.
Tff nhffng kd't qua trdn cho tha'y, nghien cu^ mdt mat da gdp phan vao he thd'ng do lffdng hoat ddng qudn trj nguon nhan lffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn quan Binh T§n, TP. Hd Chi Minh. Mat khac, nghien cu\i giup cho nhii quan ly hieu rd hdn md'i quan he giffa cac nhan to' de'n sff hai long cdng vide cua cdng chffc. Tff dd, xay dffng eac bien phap phu hdp nham lam tang sff hai long trong cdng viec cua cdng chffc cung nhff giup cai thien hieu qua hoat ddng cua cac ddn vj.Q
TAI T.TETT THAM KHAO
1. Tran Kim Dung (2005). Do lffdng sff thoa man cdng vide trong dieu kien Viet Nam, Tgp chi Phdt trien Khoa hgc cong nghe, Dai hoc Qud'c gia TP. Ho Chi Minh
2. Al-Ajmi, R. (2001). The effect of personal characteristics on job satisfaction: a study among male managers in the Kuwait oil industry. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 11,91-110
3. Price, J. (1997). Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 18,305-558
4. Smith, P.C, L.M. Kendall and C L . Hulin (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement, Chicago: Rand McNally
