Ldm sinh PHAN CHIA DIEU KIEN LAP DIA CHO R I T N G LUONG
TAI HUYEN QUAN HOA, TINH THANH HOA
Bui Thi H u y e n ' , Pham Van Dien^
NCS. Truarig Dai hoc Ldm nghiep PCS TS. Truang Dai hoc Ldm nghiep T O M T A T
Thirc tien kinh doanh rung Luong 6 huyen Quan Hoa, tinh Thanh Hoa da phat sinh mot so ton tai. Trong do co ky thuat lira chpn dieu kien lap dia de trong Luong. Day ciing fa ly do cho viec thuc hien cong trinh nghien curu nay. Bang phucmg phap nghien ciiu thyc dia trong khoang thoi gian 2010 - 2012, tren 60 6 tieu chuan dien hinh (500 m"/6) va sii dung cac cong cu thong ke hif n dai, cong trinh da tap tnmg lam ro hai noi dung co ban. M9I la, xac dinh dac diem ciia dieu kien lap dia rung Luong. Hai la, de xuat tieu chuan phan chia dieu kien lap dia theo mijc do thich hgp va chat lirong thucmg pham cua cay Luong. Day la mot diem moi va sang tao so voi cac cong trinh phan chia dieu kien lap dia truac day. Cac ket qua nghien ciiu chi ra rang, rimg Luong dugc trong tren dieu kien lap dia tir xau den tot. Cac nhan to cua dieu kien lap dia ciing bien dong Idn, co the len toi 40% (dg cao tuyet doi), 58,88% (K2O), 59,68% (PjOj), hoac tren 30% (ddi vdi hdu hit cac nhan t6 ciu tnic rimg). Tieu chudn phan chia dieu kien lip dia dugc d£ xuat dira vao muc do dap ung cua rimg 16 rimg ve kich thudc ciia rimg Lu6ng doi vdi tieu chuan ve chJit luong thuong pham do thi truang doi hoi. Ket qua nghien ciiu cung cho thay, CO tdi 16,66% so 16 rimg Luong dirge trong 6 dieu kien lap dia it phii hgp. Day la ccr so khoa hgc va thirc tiln cho vi^c md rong pham vi trong (tren lap dia SI, S2) va chuyen doi loai cay trong (tren lap dia S3) Tir kli6a.' Bieu kien lap dia, rirng Luong.
I. DAT VAN DE
Phan chia dieu kien lap dia theo muc do thich hcfp va ch§t luong thucmg pham cho mot loai cay trong nao do co y nghia quan trong trong san xuat lam nghiep. No kliong chi cho phep thuc hien nguyen tac "dat nao cay ay", ma con cho phep thuc hien "thi trudng nao, td hop cay va dat ay". Ddi vdi huyen Quan Hda, tinh Thanh Hoa, Ludng dugc xem la cay truyen thdng ciia dia phucmg, da va dang dugc trdng tren dien tich Idn (dien tich rimg Luong d huyen la 25.857 ha, Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thanh Hda - 2013). Cd the noi rang, viec thda man nguyen tac sinh thai va kinh te neu tren la mot trong nhirng yeu td mau chdt gop phan kinh doanh rimg Ludng theo hudng tham canh, cd hieu qua cao va ben vimg {Pham Van Dien vacs, 2012).
Mac du vay, trong nlueu trudng hgp rirag Ludng da khong the phat huy dugc Igi the, cd nang suat, chat lugng va hieu qua kinh te thap.
Mot trong nhirng nguyen nhan chu yeu ciia tinh trang nay la do thieu chi din can thiet ve chgn di^u kien lap dia thich hgp cho trong Luong.
De gop phan giai quyet van de tren, nghien cuu nay da dugc thuc hien vdi hai tieu diem chinh. Mot la, xac dinh dac diem ciia dieu kien lap dia rung Luong. Hai la, de xuat tieu chuan phan chia dieu kien lap dja theo ca miic do thich hgp va chat lugng thuong pham cua cay Luong aDOITUtfiVQ PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Doi tircrng nghien cihi
Doi tugng nghien cuu la dieu kien lap dja trong rung Ludng thuan loai (dugc trdng tii nam 2004 trd ve trudc) va mdi quan he cua mot sd nhan td sinh trudng cua rung Ludng vdi dieu kien lap dia noi trdng, tai huyen Quan Hda, tinh Thanh Hda.
2.2. Phutfng phap nghien cihi a) Bo tri d tieu chuan va thu thap so lieu Cdng trinh da chgn 9 xa trong tdng sd 18 xa trdng Ludng. Da bo tri 60 OTC di8n hinh, trong dd cd 20 d d vi tri sudn chan, 20 6 d vi tri sudn giija va 20 d d vi tri sudn dinh. M6i OTC cd dien tich 500m^ (25 x 20 m). Phan bd sd d tieu chuan theo timg xa (giai doan 2010 - 2012) dugc ghi d bang 1.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Lam sinh
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten Xuan Phii Phu Nghiem Nam Xuan Hoi Xuan Nam Tien Thanh Xuan Nam Dong Phii Xuan
B a n g l xa
Thi fran Quan Hoa
. Phan bo 5 tieu chuan theo xa rimg luong (ha)
575,80 225,83 1.786,17 1.100,39 3.592,12 1.992,24 2.316,47 861,28 135,86
So OTC
.
6 3 9 6 9 9 9 6 3 Tren 6 tieu chuan, da tien hanh dieu tra cac
chi tieu can thi6t, bao gdm: dia hinh, tham cay Luong (nam trong, sd khom/ha, so cay/khdm, so cay d tung do tuoi, kich thudc cay) va dieu kien tho nhudng theo cac phuong phap dugc chuan hoa trong dieu tra lam hoc va di8u tra lap dia.
Mau dat dugc lay tai 4 diem xung quanli khom Luong vdi khoang each hi 50 - 100cm.
Tai moi diem 13y xSp xi 200g dat d do sau 0 - 30 cm, tron deu \i dung mot phan d8 phan tich linh chat ly, hoa hgc ciia dSt.
b) Phan tich mlu va xu ly so lieu - Tinh chat ly hoa ciia dat dugc xac dinh bang cac phuong phap phan tich thong thuong h-ong phong phan tich d5t va mdi trudng thugc Vien Qui hoach va Thiat ke ndng nghiep Ha Noi.
Tinh toan cac chi tieu cau tnic va sinh trudng cua rimg Luong theo phuong phap lam hgc. Chal lugng cay Lu6ng dugc phan loai theo tieu chu§n ciia Sd Nong nghiep va Phat tnen Nong thon tinh Thanh Hda, dugc thi trudng t^i Thanh Hoa ap dung. Cu th6 nhu sau:
+ Luong loai 1; chu vi g6c > 29cm, chiSu dai sii dung > 10m
+ Luong loai 2: chu vi g6c tir 27-29cm, chieu dai su dyng 8-9,9m
+ Ludng loai 3: chu vi g6c tir 23-27cm, chieu dai sir dung 7-7,9m
+ Luang loai 4: chu vi g6c tir 19-23cm
chieu dai su dung <7,0m
+ Ludng loai 5: chu vi gdc < 18cm, chi6u dai su dung > 2,0m
(Chi6u dai su dung la chi6u dai Lu6ng thuong ph§m, khi ban da chat bd ngon 20%).
- Su dung p h i n mem R d6 thi6t lap cac bieu do tan xa phan anh mdi lien he gitra cac nhan td diSu tra rirng Ludng.
- Ap dung cac ky thuat phan tich tucmg quan giua chi tieu sinh trudng ciia rirng Ludng (dudng kinh gdc, chigu cao viit ngon) vdi cac nhan td ciia di^u kien lap dia. Can cii vao tieu chuSn phan loai chSt lugng Lu6ng neu tren, ti8n hanh phan chia diau kien lap dja theo muc do thich hgp va chit lugng thuong pham cho rimg Ludng da trong theo 3 cdp: r5t thich hgp (SI), thich hgp vira (S2), it thich hap (S3).
ra. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Dac diem dieu kien lap dja noi trong rirng Luong
a) Khi hau d huyen Quan Hoa thugc loai nhiet ddi viing niii cao. Trong nam cd hai miia rd ret, miia kho va mua mua. Mua kho keo dai tir thang 11 den thang 4 nam sau, thuong co nhirng dot ret dam, ret hai, muc nude ngam giam, cac khe su3i can kiet. Miia mua tu thang 5 den thang 10, thang cd lugng mua nhiau nhat la 8, 9, 10, chiem tir 70 - 80% lugng mua ca nam va co nhiJng dgt nang nong kem theo gio lao kho none.
16
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Bang 2. Mot so nhan to khi hau a khu vuc nghien cuit
Thang 3 10 11 12
Nhiet do (ddC) Lugng mua
(mm)
16,7 19,9 22,6 24,6 27,2 28,7 28,4 28,5 27,2 25,1 20,6 19,4 12,6 18,4 43,4 62,4 222 187 283 179 304 247 62,2 9,8
Trong thdi gian dieu tra theo doi thi nghiem (nam 2010 - 2012), khu vuc nghien cuu cd nhiet do trung binh nam tir 23,6 - 24,5''C, lugng mua tir 1244 -1925mm. S6 ngay mua binh quan 150-160 ngay/nam; sd ngay cd mua phiin tir 35 den 40 ngay/nam. Do 5m khong khi binh quan/nam 85-86%. Chi sd kho han theo phuong phap tinh ciia Thai Van Trimg (1970,
1999) la: X = S.A.D= 1.3.0
Do trong cimg khu virc la huyen Quan Hoa ciia tinh Thanh Hoa nen cac ySu to khi hau nhu nhiet do, do am va lugng mua khong co su chanh lech nhieu. Vi vay, cong trinh se tap trung nghien cuu dac diem cua mot sd nhan to dia hinh va tho nhudng anh hudng den sinh trudng va chat lugng ciia rimg trdng Ludng.
b) Dia hinh huyen Quan Hda kha phirc tap.
Bang 3. Dgc diem A
cd nhung day niii da vdi do so, hiam trd, nhieu dong phu tao ra nhieu khe sudi keo dai tir hudng Dong Bac sang Tay Bac. Dien tich cd do doc tren 20" chiSm 50%; dien tich co do ddc tir 15 - 20 chiem hon 30%; dien tich cd do ddc tic 8 - 15 chiem hon 13% va dien tich co do doc nhd hon 8 chiem gan 7% tdng dien tich tu nhian ciia huyen.
Tai khu vuc nghien ciiu, riing Ludng dugc trong d do cao tij 46 m dan 365m. Do ddc thap nhat la 5", cao nhat la 38", trung binh la 22,8 vdi he sd bian dong ve do doc giira cac 6 tieu chuan la 39,91%. Nhu vay, co the thay Ludng d Quan Hoa dugc trdng trong viing sinh thai ve do cao tuyet ddi (dudi 600m), nhung ve do doc thi khdng tuan thu theo diing quy dinh (bang 3).
I hinh rieng Luong Chi tieu
Do cao tuyet ddi (m) Do ddc mat ddt (si, do)
Cue dai Cyc tieu Binh quan He so bien dong (S%) 365
38
46 5
154,4 22,8
40,32 39,91 c) Dat trdng Luong: Ket qua phan tich 60 mau dat dugc tdng hgp d bang 4:
Bang 4. Dgc diem dat trong rung Luong Chi tieu
Do day tang dat (SD, cm) PHKCI
Mun (Mu, %) Nts (%) P205„(%) K20{%) P2Os<„(mg/100g) K2Odt(mg/100g) CEC (meg/lOOg) HTP (me/lOOg) c a p hat cat (%)
Cue dai 115 5,86 3,81 0,22 0,16 3,12 4,3 15 34,7 16,1 51,23
Cue tieu 23 5 1,02 0,05 0,03 0,07 0,4 3,30 7,3 2,9 12,36
Binh quSn 61,47
1,96 1,96 0,13 0,07 1,35 1,77 8,57 12,86 9,20 25,09
S%
37,36 12,57 27,92 29,85 36,70 58,88 59,68 37,90 52,77 44,01 29,29 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Lam sinh Cap hat limon (%) cap hat set (%) Ty n-ong (g/cm') Dung trong (g/cm') Do x6p (SP, %)
58,83 38,54 2,82 1,47 59,22
29,3 9,47 2,27 1,06 41
50,17 24,57 2,52 1,28 49,11
11,75 24,72 3,62 7,92 9,19 Nhan xet: Rimg Luong tai khu vuc nghien
cim dugc trong tran nen dat xam feralite c6 do day tSng d§t tir 23-115cm (mong den day).
Tang dSt 0-30cm co chi so PHKCI ciia dat giao dong trong khoang 3,3 - 5,8, hie la dung dich dat cd tinh axit. Ham lugng miin giao dong trong khoang tir 1,02-3,81% (ngheo den trung binh), ham lugng Nita tong giao dong trong khoang tir 0,05-0,22%, ham lugng lan va kali tong so trong dat dat miic do trung binh nhung
d) Tham cay Luong:
Bang 5. Dgc diem cac ldm phan
ham lugng lan va kali da tieu trong cac rimg trdng Luong rat thap, Ian de tieu tir 0,4 den 4,3 mg/lOOg (<10mg/100g), kaH tir 3,3 dan 15mg/I00g (<15mg/100g). Do chua thiiy phan HTP tic 2,9-16,1 (tir trung binh din cao). Do xdp ciia dat dat tir trung binh (SP>50%) dan do xdp kem (SP<50%). Thanh phan co gidi dat phan Idn la d§t thit nhe den thit nang pha set.
Nhu vay, cd the thay dac diem ndi bat cua dat trong Ludng la dat chua va ngheo dinh dudng.
Luong ff khu vuc nghien cihi Chi tieu
So khom (C, khom/ha)
So cay binh quan (Stem.C, cay/khom) So cay (Stem, cay/ha)
So cay tuoi 1 (cay/ha) So cay tuoi 2 (cay/ha) So cay tuoi 3 (cay/ha) S6 cay tuoi >=4 (cay/ha) So mang (Sh, mang/ha/nam) Duong kinh goc (DBH, cm) Chi6u cao vut ngon (H, m) Trir lugng (V, tan/ha)
Cue dai 520 18,6 3720 1240 1440 900 1600 1360 9,76 13,24 107,87
Cue tieu 140 5,2 1040 260 340 120 0 360 6,44 9,7 24,75
Binh quan 236 8,12 1856 630 656 395 178 697 7,79 11,18 49,39
S%
31,06 31,89 34,98 36,42 33,10 55,35 162,56 33,53 10,73 8,21 37,98 Tai khu vuc nghien cuu, Luong co mat do
khom tu 140 - 520 khom/ha, binh quan la 236 khom/ha voi he s6 biSn dong la 31,06%. S6 cay binh quan tren m6i khom la ttr 5 d6n 19 cay va trung binh la 8 cay voi be so bi6n dong (S%) la 31,89%. So cay binh quan cija rung Luang dat 1.856 cay/ba (duoi 2000 cay/ha) voi he s6 bien dong la 35%. Vdi cac thong s6 nay CO the thjy mat dp kbom/ha ciia rimg Luong a Quan Hoa kha cao (Theo Quy pham ky thuat trong va khai thac Ludng ciia Bo Nong nghiep va Phat triSn nong thon nam 2000 ap dung cho trong rimg Luong thuan loai voi muc tieu rung san xuat nguyen vat lieu la 200 khom/ha). Tuy nhien, mat do cay/ha hay s6 cay tren khom lai rat thap, chi dat 8 cay/khom hoac 1856 cay/ha.
Mat khac, mat do ciia rimg con bien dong rat Ion, nhieu lam phan co mat do cay dung thap hon nhieu so voi mat do binh quan cua rimg.
Hien trang Luong d day dang bi khai thac qua mire, so cay de lai sau khai thac thap duoi nguong an toan, nen sir ben viing cua rimg kliong dam bao. Can co nhOng bien phap ky thuat cham soc, nuoi duong va khai thac hop ly de rimg Luong khong bi thoai hoa.
Rimg Luong tai khu vuc nghien cira co ty le cay Luong tuoi 1 trung binh la 630 cay/ha, tuoi 2 la 656 cay/ha, cay tu6i 3 la 395 cay/ha va cay tir tuoi 4 tra len la 178 cay/ha voi do bien dong 6 cac lam phan rdt Ion, nhat la cay tir 4 tu6i tro len. Nhu vay, rimg Luong 6 Quan Hoa co cay lu6ng non (cay tu6i 1 + tu6i 2) chiem ty le TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
70% sd lugng cay, cay tren 3 tudi chi chiem ty le 30%. d thdi diem trudc miia khai thac chinh.
Ludng tudi 1 va tudi 2 la nhiing cay luong co kha nang sinh mang, qua do phan anh sue san xuat cua rimg ludng d day rat Idn nhung nau theo cac hudng dan ky thuat khai thac rimg Ludng khi khai thac phai da lai cay tudi 1, cay tudi 2 va chi chat 2/3 cay tu6i 3, 40-50% cay tudi 4 tudi trd len thi sd lugng cay lay ra tir rimg Luong Quan Hoa tai thdi diem nam dieu tra chi khoang 350 cay/ha, sd lugng cay nay thap hon rat nhiau so vdi so lugng Luong dugc ban ra hang nam.
Dudng kinh va chieu cao binh quan ciia cay Ludng d lam phan xau nhat lan lugt la 6,44cm va 9,7m; d lam phan tdt nhat la 9,76cm va 13,2m; trung binh cho toan rimg Ludng cd dudng kinh binh quan la 7,79cm va chieu cao binh quan la 11,18m. Neu so vdi tieu chuan phan loai cay Ludng thuong pham hien nay d Thanh Hda, Ludng tai khu vuc nghien cuu cd tri sd binh quan tirong duong Ludng loai 3 (chu vi gdc tit 23-27cm, chieu ddi sir dung
<8,0in). Mat khac, trir lugng rimg ciing giao dong rat Idn.
Lam sinh 3.2. Tieu chuSn phan chia dieu kien lap dia theo muc do thich hgp cho trdng Luong
Van dB dat ra la nen trdng hoac khong nan trdng Luong d nhung diau kien lap dja nao? De giai dap cau hoi nay, can tien hanh phan chia dieu kien lap dia theo miic do thich hgp cho loai cay nay.
Nhin vao bieu do tan xa cho timg cap bien sd (bieu dd 1 va 2), co the thay:
- Mac dii cd lien he chat vdi nhau (r = 0,93), nhirag ca hai dai lugng la dudng kinh gdc (DBH) va chieu cao viit ngon (H) - nhirng chi tiau trung thuc phan anh sue san xuat hay chat lugng cua dieu kien noi moc - hau nhu khdng cd moi lien he chat vdi cac chi tiau cau true khac cua lam phan, nhu vdi sd khom (C), sd cay/khdm (Stem.C), sd cay ciia lam phan (Stem). Dieu nay cd the dugc giai thich la do dac thu trong qua trinh sinh trudng cua rimg tre niia noi chung, rimg Ludng ndi rieng (Bernard Kigomo, 2007). Cay Ludng dn dinh ve kich thudc sau khoang 40 - 70 ngay tinh tir liic mang mgc. Vi vay, kich thudc cua cay it chiu anh hudng cua cac nhan td cau tnic (bieu do 1).
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Bieu do 1. Bieu do tan xg cac nhan to cau true vd sinh trirang rimg Luong
(Giong theo hang ngang vd cot doc sexdc dinh duac muc do hen he giira hai cap bien so. Ddu cham cham (...) phan anh khong co moi lien he giira hai cap bien so; ddu sao (**) phan anh he sS tuang quan co y nghta thong ke; h^ so tuang quan cdng cao, ca chir cdng Ion).
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 19
Ldm sinh
- DiSm dac biet va quan trgng la bieu do tan xa (bieu d6 2) phan anh ro net mai lien he ciia duong kinh gfic (DBH) va chiSu cao viit ngon (H) vdi nhan 16 dia hinh va tha nhuong, nhtr:
do dac mat dat (SI), do day ting dat (SD), do xop tang ddt (SP) va ham luong mun (Mu).
Day la CO so dS thiet lap m6i lien he giira DBH va H voi nhirng nhan to c6 anh huong chu yeu.
Biau do 2. Biiu dd tan xgphdn anh moi lien hi cua DBH, H v&i cac nhan td dia hinh va tho nhu&ng Da phan anh tot siic san xuat ciia rimg
Luong, da dimg bien so Y - bien sd phu thugc la tich s6 ciia DBH va H (Y = DBH.H); bien sd dgc lap la Z/Sl (trong do, Z = SD.SP.Mu).
Phucmg trinh tuong quan dugc viet nhu sau:
Y = 38,689.(Z/S1)*-"'™^ (1) (R^ = 0,82, F = 90,4).
Can cii vao tieu chuan phan loai thucmg pham cay Luong, da phan chia dieu kien lap dia rirng Luong thanh 4 muc:
- SI: gom to hgp cua Z va SI de dat Ludng loai 1 va 2.
- 82: gom to hgp ciia Z va SI da dat Lu6ng loai 3.
Bang 6. Tieu chuan phi theo muc do thich
- S3: g6m to hgp cua Z va SI de dat Luong loai 4 va 5.
Cac tieu chuan cu the gom:
- Tieu chuan dieu kien lap dia S l : Y i > 5 5 , 0 3
- Tieu chuan dieu kien lap dia S2: 41,02 < Y 2 < 55,03 - Tieu chuan dieu kien lap dia S3: Y3< 41,02.
Can cir vao phucmg trinh (1) va cac tieu chuan diau kien lap dia d tren, cd the xac dinh dugc tri sd cua chi tieu tong hgp Z tuong ling vdi 3 muc SI, S2, S3 (bang 6).
idn chia dieu kien lap dia hop cho rimg Luong SI
(dO) 5 10 15
SI
> 3094.2
>6188,5
> 9282,8
Z S2 407,8 - 3094,2 815,6-6188,5 1223,5-9282,8
S3
< 407,8
< 815,6
< 1223,5
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
20 25 30 35
> 12377,0
> 15471,3
> 18565,6
> 21659,8
1631,3-12377,0 2039,1 - 15471,3 2447,0- 18565,6 2854,8-21659,8
Ldm sinh
< 1631,3
< 2039,1
< 2447,0
< 2854,8 Chang ban, mot Id rimg cd do doc 25 do,
neu do day tang dat la 60 cm, do xop ciia dat (tinh cho tSng 0 - 3 0 cm) la 55% va ham lugng mim (tinh cho ting 0 - 3 0 cm) la 1,8%, thi Z = 5940. Tra bang 6, tn so Z nim trong khoang tu
2039,1 - 15471,3. Vay, lam phan do thudc S2 {thich hgp vira).
Ap dung tieu chuan tren, cong trinh da xac dinh miic do thich hgp vdi diau kien lap dia cho 60 Id rimg Luong da trdng (bang 7).
Bang 7. Xdc dinh muc do thich hffp cho cac 16 rimg Luong Mac do thich hgp So lugng Id rung Ten 6 tieu chuan dai dien
51 14 (23,34%) 5,6,14,15,16,19,21,25,32,35, 41, 46,51, 52 1,2,4,7, 8,10,11,12,13,17,18, 23, 24,27, 30, 52 36 (60%) 31, 33,34, 36, 38, 39,40,43,44,45,47,48,49,
50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,59, 60 53 10 (16,66%) 5, 6,14,15,16,19,21,25,32,35, 41,46,51, 52
Tong 60
Vdi loai cay Luong, la loai cay da phii hgp vdi muc dich kinh doanh, dugc ngudi dan chap nhan rdng rai, van da con lai la can dam bao kinh doanh rimg vdi nang suat cao, san lugng Idn, dap ling dugc quy each san pham do thi trudng ddi hdi. De thuc hien tot yeu cau nay, viec chgn dat trdng rimg ddng vai trd quan trgng va ciing la budc khdi dau ciia tham canh.
Dieu nay ciing lian quan tdi viec can nhac, lira chgn nhimg loai cay khac cd Igi the hon cay Ludng tren nhirng diau kien lap dia nhat dinh.
Vi vay, cdng trinh de xuat chi nen trong Ludng d dang lap dia cd muc do thich hgp cao va vira, l a S l vaS2.
IV. KET LUAN
- Dieu kien lap dia nai trong rimg Ludng cd sy khac nhau va phan hda kha rd ret, ca ve dja hinh, thd nhudng va tham thuc vat.
- Sinh trudng cua rimg Luong (DBH, H) cd lien he Idng vdi cac chi tieu cau tnic rung, nhung cd lien he chat vdi cac chi tiau cua dieu kien dia hinh va thd nhudng.
- Viec phan chia dieu kien lap dia cho rimg Luong da dugc gidi han d viec de xuat heu chuan phan chia miic do thich hgp cua Ludng dua tren cac ket qua nghien ciiu thuc nghiem.
- Diem mdi va sang tao cua cong trinh la da can cii dong thdi vao mdi lien he giira cay va dat va kha nang dap ling quy each san pham do thi trudng doi hdi de phan chia dieu kien lap dia cho rimg Ludng. Vi vay, tieu chuan phan chia dieu kien lap dia vira mang tinh sinh thai, vira mang tinh kinh te, nen dam bao do tin cay va cd kha nang phat huy vao thuc tian san xuat.
- Cd the can cii vao bang tra (bang 7) de xac dinh muc do thich hgp trdng Ludng cho Id rimg bat ky. Nan md rgng dien tich trong Ludng den cac Id CO miic do thich hgp cao va vira (SI, S2).
Nen chuyen ddi loai cay trong tren dat it thich hgp vdi Luong (S3).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1, Pham Van Diln (chu bien), Bui Tha D6i, Le Vifit Lam, Trin Thj Thu Ha (2012), Hiroytg ddn ky ihudt tham canh i-img tre nua, NXB Nong nghiep, Ha Noi.
2. Pham \'an Dien (2013), Lectures on Forest Ecology and Ecogeography. Colorado State University, USA.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 21
Lam sinh _ 3 lhi\VlTiJrung{\999):Nhrmg he sinh thdi rinig hien trang limg vd ddt ldm nghiep nam 2012, tinh
nhiet dffi d Viet Nam. Nha xuit ban Khoa hoc ky thuat, Thanh Hoa.
Ha Noi 6. Bernard Kigomo (2007), Guidelines for growing 4 Neuven Hai Tcit, Vu TiSn Hinh, Ngo Kim Khoi
(2006), Phan tich thdng ke nong Lam nghiep, NXB 7_ Dransfield, S and E A.Widjaja (eds), (1995), Nong nghiep, Ha Noi. Bamboos PROSEA - Plant Resources of South - East
5. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thanh Hoa (2013), s6 ^5ja, 7 - Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 189pp 320/QD-UBND ngay 21/01/2013 ve Cong bd sd heu
SITE CLASSIFICATION FOR Dendrocalamus Membranaceus FORESTS IN QUAN HOA DISTRICT, THANH HOA PROVINCE
Bui Thi Huyen, Pham Van Dien
SUMMARY
Management of Dendrocalamus membranaceus forests in the practice in Quan Hoa district. Thanh Hoa province has ansen some shortcomings. Of which, site selection techniques for establishing this plantation is recognized.
This IS why we address ourselves in researching the work. Based on experimental methods in duration from 2010 to 2012 using 60 typical sample plots {500 in^/piot) and with combination of using modem statistical analysis, the paper focused on clarifying two main contents. Firstly, determining charactenstics of sites, which D membranaceus has been planted. Secondly. Recommending criteria for classifying D. membi anaceus forests with this species, which based on both suitable level and commercial quality of this species. This is may be regarded as a new point and initiative idea of this paper in comparing with the former research on the same topic.
The results showed that, D membranaceus forests have been established on differently qualitative sites. Factors comprising forest sites are variant with variation coefficient may equal to 40% (for elevation), 58,88% (K2O), 59,68% (P2O5), or more than 30% (for most of forest structured factors). Criteria for site classification were also recommended which based on D. membranaceus's sizes in correspondence with commercial quality critena required by markets in the province The results also showed that, there are nearby 16.66% of total forest stands have been established on marginally suitable sites (S3) These are scientific and practical foundation for expanding scales of plantation (on highly and moderately sites - SI, S2) and transforming this species info another one (on marginally sites - S3).
Keywords: Dendrocalamus membranaceus forest, forest site.
Ngiroi phan bien Ngay nhan bai N g i y phan bien Ngay quyet djnh dang
PGS.TS. Pham Xuan Hoan 27/8/2014
01/10/2014 20/10/2014
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
