NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO DOI
CHl! KI DI|N TS TBONG GIAO Kft HOP D 6 N G DI|N T6
H
op ddng thuang phai c6 chiJ ki ciia cdc ben nham khang dinh sir Ihoa thu^cua cac ben doi vai cac dieu khoan trong hgfp d6ng do. Xet vB m^l phdp li, chG ki trong hgp ddng chinh la ca so dk xac dinh mong muon ciia cac ben. Ngoai ra, chiJ ki con the hien hai muc lieu khac: Ihu nhdt, no CO the duoc su dung de xdc dinh nguai ki;
thu hai, chii ki co the dugc sir dung lam bang chung cho linh loan ven ctia van ban (trong nhihig van ban dai, chit ki khong chi xuat hien a trang cuoi ma con xudt hi6n trong tung trang, dieu nay co y nghTa bdo dam hgp dong la the thong nhdl, chong Igi su thay doi a bal cu phan ndo trong hgp dong, qua do bdo dam linh loan ven ciia van bdn).
Doi voi hgp dong bang van bdn, phap lual cdc nuac thuang quy dinh viec cac ben tham gia cung ki vao hgp dong la dieu kien can de hgp dong do co gia tri phap li. ChG ki CO th6 la bdt ki biSu lugng nao (yi du: dong ddu, diSm chi...) dugc su dung hode dugc chdp nhan bai cac ben Iham gia vai muc dich xac thuc ngi dung van bdn. Tuy nhiBn, su dung chG ki viSt lay van la each pho bien dk the hien su d6ng y vai cdc digu khoan cua hgp d6ng. D6i vai hgp ddng dien lu, vi?c tao ldp chu ki hay dong ddu se khong th^ th^c hiBn dugc nhu ddi vdi hgp ddng bdng vSn ban, ma se dugc ki bdng chu ki di$n lu (electronic signature).
Trong giao k6t hgp ddng di?n IG, chitc nang xac ihuc va bdo dam su todn v?n Id rdt
TS. TRAN VAN BliN *
quan trpng. Dac biet, trong b6i cdnh giao dich dien tG dugc lu dgng hoa va he thdng kT thuat, cdng ngh§ vk giao dich dien tu de bi sGa ddi thi nhu cau phai co each thGc dam bdo nhgn dang cdc ben tham gia giao kel hgp ddng dien IG cijng nhu su toan ven cua thqng di|p dG lieu la rat can thiel. ChG ki dien IG co nhi6u loai khde nhau, cd thB Id t€n ddt cudi thdng diep dG lieu, anh chup chu ki viel tay gdn vdi thdng diep dG lieu ho|c ma sd bi mp.
CO kha nang xdc dinh ngudi gui thdng diep dfi lieu... Trong do, cd loai chG ki diBn tix an toan do td chuc cung cap dich vu chung thuc chG ki diBn lu tin cay phat hanh va co loai chQ ki dien tG khdng dam bao do an loan do cac ben giao dich tu lao ra. Duoi gde dd phap li, nhGng chu ki dien tG nhu vay phai dugc thGa nhan nham tao dieu kiBn thuan loi cho viSc giao kel hgp ddng dien iG. Van de Id phap luat phai dua ra tieu chi de xdc dinh va bdo dam gia tri phap li cua chG ki dien IG.
Khac vdi chG ki tay, viec sG dung chu ki dien lu dal ra van de phdi ddm bdo yeu cdu ca ve mat cdng nghe vd ve mdt phdp H, luc la dam bdo viec chu ki dien lu dugc su dung an todn va the hien dugc ro y chi cua cac b§n vB thdng tin trong thdng diep dG li^u. V§y ldm th6 ndo de nhgn dang chu ki di?n tu hay ndi each khac, can cd bien phap nao de cac ben cd th^ xdc dinh dugc chG ki diBn tG cua ddi ldc? Ve van de nay, cdn phdi cd cdch thGc
* Vien nhS nir6c vk phap luat Vi?n khoa hpc xS hpi Vi^t Nam
mang tinh kT thuat ho^c phai cd l6 chGc irung gian dk chung nhdn tinh xdc thyc vd ddm bdo dg tin cdy cua chG ki di?n iG. Day Id van de khdng xdy ra khi giao ket hgp dong theo phucmg ihGc truyen thong nhung lai rat can dugc quan lam khi giao ket hgp ddng di^n tu.
Vgy loai chG ki di?n IG ndo vGa cd th^
dam bdo chuc ndng tuang duong nhu chO kl truyen thdng dong thdi ngdn ngua dugc vi^c gia mgo chG ki, xac th\rc ngudi ki thdng di$p dG li^u vd bao ddm tinh todn ven cua thdng diep dG li^u sau khi dd ki? Ve van de ndy, hi?n nay phdp ludt cdc nude tren the gidi ihudng quy djnh ve vi?c xdc djnh chG ki dien tu theo 1 trong 3 cdch sau:
Cdch thu nhdl: Mgi logi bieu lugng hoac phucmg phap dugc su dung de mgt ngudi xac nhan su chap thugn cua minh ddi vdi ndi dung thdng diep dG lieu deu dugc xem Id chG ki dien lu. Nhung nude theo xu hudng ndy se quy dinh them cac dieu ki?n ve chu ki dien iG an loan (thudng quy dinh 4 dieu kien nhu hai each dudi day).
Nhu vdy, theo xu hudng ndy gid tri phap li cua chG ki dien tu si cd hai mGc d0: MQI la chu ki dien tu thdng ihudng; hai Id chG ki dien tu an loan. Theo cdch tiep can nay thi viec xdc dinh gid tri phdp li cua chG kf di$n tu cung gidng nhu chQ ki tay tren vdn bdn.
Bdi chu kl tay cung cd hai logi: 1) ChO ki tay thdng ihudng (doi vdi logi nay neu cd nghi ngd ve linh chan thyc cua chG ki thi phdi gidm dinh chu khdng duang nhien dugc coi Id chG ki thuc); 2) ChG ki tay "an lodn"
(la chG ki tren vdn bdn dugc thuc hi^n vdi sy chung kien cua cdng chGng vien, cdng chung vien la ngudi ddm bdo chG ki dd id xdc thuc va ngudi ki trong digu kien tinh than hoan todn minh man).
Logi chG ki di?n IG iheo xu hudng ndy cd nhGng uu, nhugc di^m sau:
LTU diem: Ddy Id cdch tiep cgn md, cho ph^p mgi logi chO ki dien iG (vdi nghia Id bieu lugng ho^c ki hieu d^ mgt ngudi xac thyc y chi cua minh) deu cd the cd gid tri phdp li. Van de an todn hay khdng chi dugc ddt ra khi cd tranh chdp.
Nhugc di^m: Khdng phdi mgi chO ki dien iG deu duong nhien "an lodn". Do dd, khi cac chu the dugc t\r do trong vi$c su dung hay chdp nhdn cdc logi chO ki di?n tu thi nha nude Igi qudn Ii khd han, dong nghta vdi vi?c tod dn khi gidi quyel tranh chdp hBn quan cung gdp nhieu se khd khdn hon.
- Cdch thu hai: Chu ki dien tu Id bdl ki bieu tugng ndo su dung de mgt ngudi xac nhgn su chdp thudn cua minh ddi vdi ngi dung thdng di^p dO lieu (gidng cdch tiep can ihG nhdl) vd ddp Gng du 4 dieu kien: 1) ChG ki do la duy nhdt ddi vdi ngudi ki; 2) Cd kha ndng kiBm tra xac dinh ngudi ki; 3) Chi ngudi ki kiem sodl viec su dung chu ki dd;
4) Chu ki dd Igp tuc mat gid tri neu ngi dung dG li?u di?n iG hBn quan bi thay ddi.
NhGng nude theo xu hudng nay se chi thijta nhdn nhGng chG ki di§n tu ndo thoa man day du dieu ki$n ndi tren. Nhu vay, mpi chG ki di$n tu deu Id chu ki dien tu an todn.
Cdch tiep cgn nay r5 rang Id thgn Irong hon, khdt khe han so vdi Irudng hgp chG ki tay.
Cdch xdc dinh nay cd uu diem Id dam bdo tinh xdc th\rc, an toan cua mgi chG ki dien tG. Tuy nhien, quyfin tu do cua chu the tien hanh giao dich it nhieu s6 bi hgn che do cd nhung chQ ki dien tu dugc cdc ben giao dich chap thudn nhung khdng ddm bdo ddy du cac di^u ki?n an loan Ihi cQng khdng dugc thua nhdn gia tri phap li.
TAP CHl LUAT H O C S 6 6/2012
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO OOI
- Cdch thu ba: Chi thGa nhgn chG ki sd la logi chG ki dien IG duy nhdl cd gid tri phdp II.
NhGng nude theo each ti^p cdn nay dugc xem la thdn trgng nhdl, khdng tin ludng vao bdl kl logi chQ ki dien tu ndo khde ngodi chG ki s6. Cdch dinh ndy giup cho vi^c qudn li cua nhd nude ve giao dich di?n tu de ddng hon. Tuy nhi6n, do nhOng loai chG ki dien tG khac se khdng dugc thGa nhgn gid tri phdp li nen sg lam cdn trd khdng nhd dkn vi$c sG dung cdng nghe lien quan den chG ki di?n tG.
Theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt WiBt Nam, chG ki dien lu dugc xdc dinh theo each thu nhat. Theo do, khodn 1 Dieu 21 Luat giao dich dien tG ndm 2005 quy dinh: "C/ii? ki di?n tu la chu ki dugc tgo lap dudi dgng lu, chu, sd, ki hieu, dm thanh hoac cdc hinh Ihuc khde bdng phuang li$n dien tu, gdn lien hode kit hgp mdl cdch logic vdi Ihdng diep du li^u, cd khd nang xdc nhgn ngudi ki thdng diep du lieu vd xdc nhdn si^ chdp Ihugn ciia ngudi do ddi vdi ndi dung Ihdng diep du Uiu dugc kr.
Quy dinh ndy dugc xay dung dua lr6n DiSu 7 cua Lual mdu ve thuang mgi dien tG cua UNCITRAL vdi muc dich dua ra lieu chudn vk mdt chGc ndng md chG ki diBn tix cdn phdi dap Gng dk dugc cdng nhgn tuang duong vl mdt phap li nhu chu ki tay thdng thudng. Cdc chuc nang ca ban cua chG ki Id:
1) Chi ra su lien quan cua ngudi ki; 2) Chi ra su chdp thuan cua ngudi ki ddi vdi ndi dung van ban dugc ki. Tuy nhien, viec xdc dinh gia tri phdp li cua chG ki Igi tuy thugc vao quy dinh cua phdp luat cung nhu cdng ngh6 khdi tgo vd truyin nhan chG ki diBn tit duoc dp dung trong tiJmg trudng hgp cu Ihl.
ChG ki bang lay cd cdc mGc khde nhau vl do tin cay: chu ki don gian, chG ki cd ddng ddu, chG ki cd cdng chGng.... Tuong ly nhu
vdy, chO ki dien tG cung cd nhGng mGc dO tin cdy khde nhau, bao g^m: chG ki diBn iG thdng thudng, chG ki di?n tG dugc chGng thyc bdi to chGc chiing ihuc dien tu khdng cd ddng ki, chG ki difn iG dugc chGng thyc bdi Id chGc chGng thyc cd dang ki... Vi^c lua chon su dung loai chG kf nao Id tuy thugc vdo tfnh chat cua giao dich trong lung trudng hgp cu the. Dieu 22 Luat giao dich di€n iG ndm 2005 quy dinh cdc dilu kiBn dk chO ki di?n IG dugc xem Id an loan:
"/. Chu ki dien lu dugc xem Id bdo ddm an lodn niu dugc kiem chirng bdng mdl quy trinh kiem tra an todn do cdc ben giao dich thod thudn vd ddp irng dugc cdc dieu kiin sau day:
a) Du lieu tgo chu ki dien tu chi gdn duy nhdl vdi ngudi ki Irong bdi cdnh du lieu do dugc su dung;
b) Du lieu tgo chu ki dien lie chi thudc su kiim sodt cua ngudi ki tgi thdi diim ki;
e) Moi thay ddi ddi v&i ehu ki dien tir sau thdi diem kideu cd thi biphdl hien;
d) Moi thay doi doi vdi noi dung ciia thdng diep du Uiu sau thai diem id deu cd the bi phdt hiin.
2. Chu ki dien tir da dugc td chuc cung cdp dich vu chung thue chu ki dien tu chung thuc dugc xem Id bdo ddm cdc diiu kiin an todn quy dinh tgi khodn 1 Diiu ndy".
Hgp dong dien tG dugc giao ket trong mdi trudng mgng tiem an nhieu nii ro. Vi vgy, viec dp dung chG kf dien iG nao dam bao chGc ndng tuang duang vdi chG ki truyen thong ddng thdi ngdn ngijra viec gia mao chG ki, xdc Ihuc ngudi ki thdng diep va bdo ddm tinh todn ven cua thdng diep sau khi ki rat quan trgng, ddc biel ddi vdi nhGng hgp ddng cd gid tri ldn. Trong sd cac chu ki di6n iG dugc liet kB tgi khoan 1 Dilu 21 Luat
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
giao dich di$n tu ndm 2005 thi chG kf s6 (digital signature) Id logi chQ kf di$n iG cd dg an lodn cao vd dugc sy dyng rOng rdi nhat tren thl gidi vdo thdi diem ndy. Ngudi nh^n dugc thdng di?p dugc kf bdng chQ kf s6 cd thl xdc thyc dugc ai Id ngudi ki thdng di^p dong thdi xdc thyc dugc n0i dung thdng di§p cd bj thay doi sau khi kf hay khdng.
Theo khodn 4 Dieu 3 Nghj djnh ciia Chinh phu sd 26/2007/ND-CP ngdy 15/2/2007 quy djnh chi tiet thi hdnh Lugt giao djch di§n tu vl chQ ki so vd dich vy chGng thyc chQ ki so thi chG kf sd Id dgng chQ ki di^n IG dugc tgo ra bdng sy biin ddi m^t thdng di^p dG li$u sG dyng hf thdng mdl md khdng doi xung.
Theo dd, ngudi cd dugc thdng diep dQ li?u ban ddu va khoa cdng khai cua ngudi ki cd the xac dinh dugc chinh xdc: 1) Vi?c bien ddi neu tren dugc tgo ra bdng dung khod bi mat tuong Gng vdi khod cong khai trong cung mgt cdp khod; 2) Su todn ven ngi dimg ciia thdng diep du lieu ke lu khi thyc hi?n viec bien ddi neu tren.
Nhu vdy, chG ki sd dugc cau tgo bdng sy bien ddi mdl thdng di$p dG lieu sG dyng h$
thdng mat ma khdng ddi xGng hay cdn ggi Id cdng nghe khod cdng khai PKl (Public Key Infrastructure). Khde vdi h? thong mgt md ddi xGng, chi gdm m^t khod cho ca qud trinh
ma hod vd gidi md, h? thdng mgt md khdng d6i xGng cd khd ndng lao dugc c^p khod bao gom khod bf mgt vd khod cdng khai. Trong dd, khod bf m^t dugc chu sd hQu giQ kin vd dugc sG dyng dl tgo chQ ki s6 cdn khod cdng khai dugc sG dyng de kilm tra chQ ki s6 dugc tgo bdi khod bi mat tuong ung trong c$p khod. Nguyen tdc cua cdng ngh$ khod cdng khai Id: nlu md hod bdng khod bf mdt thl chi khod cdng khai mdi gidi md thdng tin dugc vd ngugc Igi, neu md hod bdng khoa cdng khai thl chi cd khod bf mdt mdi gidi md dugc. Tit cd quy trinh ki va gidi md chG kf so deu dugc thyc hifn bdng phan mim. Cdc c$p khoa tren do nhihig nhd cung cap dich vy chGng thuc chG ki sd cap h o ^ xdc minh Id du dilu kifn an todn sau khi da kiem Ga, xdc minh chu cua nd (cd nhdn, td chuc) la c6 thyc. Ddng thdi, nhd cung cdp dich vy cung giao cho cd nhdn, to chuc dd mdl chGng thu s6 cd gia tri tuang duong nhu chung minh thu nhan dan hay giay xdc nhan sy ton tai ciia CO quan, td chGc tren mdi trudng mgng.
ChGng thu do cd chua khoa cdng khai ciia l6 chGc, cd nhdn vd dugc duy tri tren he thong ca sd dG lifu cua nhd cung cdp dich vg chGng thyc, do v$y, ngudi nhdn cd thl truy cgp vao CO sd dQ lifu do de xac minh xem dung la CO ngudi dd hay khdng.
Chff kf s6 1 ChQ- kf t r u y b thing NgirJrigui
So^n thao thdng di^p dO lifu trSn m&y tinh (vftn b^n g6c) Kh6i dfng chirang trinh t^o chf} kl s6, chuang trinh thvrc hifn c&c bu6c sau:
1. Sir dyng h^m bSm t?o ra bin t6m tat ciia vSn bdn g6c 2. MS hoS ban tdm tAl bang k h o i bf m^t ciia ngir&i giri
3. Dinh kem ban t6m tSX da ma hoa v^o van ban g6c th&nh mft "gdi"
4. Ma hoa "g6i" nay bSng khod cong khai cua ngu£ri nh$n 5. Giri di qua m^ing Internet
Vift thu ho$c soan thao va in vdn ban ra gidv
Kl tay l€n van ban dS vi^t Cho vao phong bl
Danl^i Giri di qua dirfmg biru difn
TAP CHl LUAT H O C S 6 6/2012
Chil-kfs6 1 ChQ-kf truyin th6ng Ngu-jfi nh$n
Nhan mOt th6ng difp dil lifu tCr m^ing
Kh6i dpng chuong trinh tham djnh chO kf s6, churong trinh thyx: hifn cac budc sau:
1. Giai ma thong difp dtT li^u nh§n dupe bJlng khoi bf m^t cua minh, k^t qua la c6 duoc "g6i" nhu t^ii bu6c 3 ciia nguiri giri
2. Diing ham bam t^o ra ban t6m tat ciia van ban g6c trong "g6i" (nhu budc 1 cua ngudi gui)
3. Dilng khoa cdng khai cua ngudi giri giai ma ban tdm tat da du<7c ngudi gu-i ma hoa a tren
4. So sanh ket qua d budc 2 va budc 3 n^u ket qua trung nhau c6 nghTa la:
DQng thong difp nay do ngudi ki khdi t^o (giJri) va nfi dung thdng difp khdng bj thay ddi ke tfir liic ki
Nh^n thu tir buu dif n
Bdc phong bl cd dupe van ban va chtt k(
Kiem tra xem cd dimg la ch&
ki ciia ngudi gdi hay khdng
Bdng. So sdnh viic su dying
Trong giao kel hgp ddng difn tG, quy trinh ca bdn de ki kit hgp ddng dien iG cd sG dyng chu ki sd Ihudng bao gdm 6 budc sau:*'*
Budc 1: Ben gui soan thdo hgp ddng, sau do ma hod hgp ddng bdng phan mem (ham bam). Quy trinh nay Ihudng dugc goi la quy Irinh nit ggn hgp ddng.
Budc 2: Ben gui lien hdnh tgo chQ ki s6 iG bdn nit ggn cua hgp ddng bdng cdch sG dung khoa bi mat cua minh. Hai budc nay Ihudng dugc ggi la qua trinh ki sd.
Budc 3: De ddm bdo bi mat ve ndi dung hgp ddng va chu ki sd, ben gGi tien hdnh md hod hgp ddng vd chu ki so vGa lao bdng khoa cdng khai cua ben nhan. Sau dd, gGi hgp ddng vd chG kf sd da dugc md hod qua Internet din ngudi nhdn. Budc nay dugc ggi Id "gdi phong bi sd".
Budc 4: Ngudi nhgn lien hanh "md phong bi sd" bdng cdch sG dyng khod bf mdt cua minh de giai ma thdng diep nhdn dugc.
Budc ndy dam bdo clii duy nhat ngudi nhdn mdi cd thl md dugc thdng difp vd chG ki sd cda ngudi gui. Khi dd, ngudi nhdn se cd trong lay hgp ddng vd chG ki sd cua ngudi giri. Tiep theo, ngudi nhdn lien hanh xdc minh tfnh todn
chu kl so vd chit ki truyen ihong
ven ngi dung cua hgp ddng va chG ki sd.
Budc 5: Ngudi nhan lien hdnh nit ggn hgp ddng vd nhdn dugc bdn nit ggn thG nhat;
tiep do, ngudi nhan tien hanh giai ma chG ki sd bdng khoa cdng khai cua ngudi gGi vd nhan dugc ban rut ggn thG hai.
Budc 6: Ngudi nhdn lien hdnh so sdnh hai bdn nit ggn nay, neu hai ban dd gidng nhau chung Id sy loan ven cua hgp ddng vd
•chG ki sd Id cua ngudi gGi. Neu cd sy khde * bift chGng td da cd su thay ddi ngi dung hgp ddng hoac chQ ki sd.
Trong mdi trucmg truyen thdng, van bdn cua cdc CO quan, td chGc chf cd gid tri phdp If khi cd chG ki cua ngudi cd tham quyen vd con ddu cua ca quan, td chuc dd. Vai trd cua con ddu Id chGng thyc chu ki trong vdn bdn diing Id cGa ngudi cd thim quyin cua co quan hay t6 chGc ndi tr6n. Trong mdi trudng giao dich difn tG, khdi niem con ddu khdng cdn t6n tgi vd phuang phdp tao ra chQ ki sd cQng khde hodn todn so vdi chG ki tay truyin Ihdng. Nhu da ndi d tren, chG ki sd khdng phdi do ngudi ki ty tgo ra md Gen co sd kit hgp khod bi mdt cua ngudi ki vd ndi dung cua thdng diep dG lieu. Ngudi ki la thue bao cua
NGHIEN cuu-TRAOOOI
Id chGc chGng thyc chG ki so vd dd dugc l6 chGc chGng thyc chG ki so dd kiem Ga, xdc minh, chGng thyc Id cd that thdng qua vife cip chGng thu sd. Do dd, nlu Id chGc chung thyc chG ki so Id tin cgy vd thdng difp dG lifu cd chG ki s6 cua ngudi cd tham quyen cua co quan, td chGc dugc cap chGng thu so thi vl mdt phdp li, thdng difp dG lifu dd hodn todn tucmg duong vdi vdn bdn dd dugc kf lay ddng dau.
Nghi dinh sd 26/2007/ND-CP quy djnh v^ gid tri phdp li cua chG kf s6 tgi Dilu 8 nhu sau; Trong Irudng hgp phap lugt quy dinh vdn bdn cdn cd chQ ki thi yeu cau dd d6i vdi thdng difp dG lifu dugc xem Id ddp Gng nlu thdng diep dG lifu ndy dugc ki bdng chG ki s6; trong trudng hgp phap ludt quy djnh van bdn can dugc ddng ddu ciia ca quan, lo chGc Ihi yeu cdu dd ddi vdi thdng diep dG lieu dugc xem Id ddp Gng nlu thdng diep dG lieu ndy dugc kf bdi chQ ki sd cua ngudi cd tham quyen theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve qudn li, sG dyng con dau vd chG ki sd dugc dam bao an toan theo quy djnh tai Dieu 9 ciia Nghi dinh.
ChQ ki sd dugc xem Id chu ki difn iG an toan khi dap Gng cac dieu kifn sau:
- ChG kf sd dugc lao ra trong thai gian chung thu sd cd hieu lyc vd kiem tra dugc bdng khod cdng khai ghi tren chGng thu dd;
- ChG kf sd dugc tgo ra bdng vife sG dung khod bi mat luong Gng vdi khod cdng khai ghi Gen chGng thu sd do td chGc cung cdp dich vu chGng thyc chQ kf sd qudc gia, td chuc cung cap djch vu chGng thyc chQ ki sd cdng cgng, td chGc cung cdp dich vy chiing thuc chG ki sd chuyen dung dugc cdp gidy chGng nhgn du dieu kien dam bdo an todn cho chG ki sd chuyen dung hoac Id chuc cung cap dich vy chung thyc chG ki sd nude ngodi dugc cdng nhdn tgi Vift Nam cdp;
- Khod bf mat chi thu^c sy kiem sodt ciia ngudi kf tgi thdi diem ki;
- Khod bi mgt vd ngi dung thdng difp du lifu chi gdn duy nhdt vdi ngudi ki khi ngudi dd kf so thdng difp dQ lifu.*^'
Tdm Igi, sy phdt triln cua hgp ddng difn tG gdn liin vdi vife ddm bdo an todn thdng tin dugc trao d6i tren mang vd sy tin cgy cua cd^
ben tham gia giao dich. Hifn nay, chQ ki s6 vd chung thyc chQ kf sd la cdng nghf dugc su dyng ph6 bien nhdm ndng ngdn chdn cd hifu qud nhGng hdnh vi bat hgp phdp trong giao djch difn tu nhu: nhu xem lr$m, gia mao hay mgo danh... ddng thdi, ddm bdo sy tin cgy giGa cdc b6n. Cdng nghf ndy cho ph^p:
- Md hod va gidi md dQ lifu: Tuc cho ph6p cdc ddi ldc giao dich vdi nhau Gen mang cd the bi mat thdng tin. Ngudi gGi sS md hod thdng tin trudc khi gui vd ngudi nhgn se gidi md trudc khi dgc. Do dd, thdng tin se khdng bj ig Gong khi truyen thdng difp dQ lifu.
- Chong Igi sy gid mgo: Cdng nghf ndy cho ph^p ngudi nhdn cd the kiem Ga thdng tin cd bi thay ddi hay khdng. Bat ki sy thay ddi nao vB ngi dung ciia thdng tin gde deu se bi phdt hifn.
- Xac thyc; Cdng nghf ndy cho phep ngudi nh^n cd thl xdc dinh danh tfnh cua ngudi gGi. Ddng thdi, ngudi gui ciing khdng the chdi cdi ve vife giii thdng tin./.
(1 ).Xem: Nguyin Van Thoan, Ki kit vd thifc hi4n hgp ddng difn tu trong diiu ki4n Vi4l Nam hpi nhdp *'«*
ti quoc ti, Lu§n dn tiln sT, Tnrdng d^i hQC ngo^i thucmg, Ha Nfi, 2010, tr.51.
(2).Xem: Di^u 9 Nghj djnh cua Chfnh phii s^
26/2007/ND-CP ngdy 15/2/2007 quy djnh chi tifitthi hanh Lugt giao djch difn tiJr v l chct kf s6 vd djch vy chimg thirc chff kf s6 (dS diro'c sura ddi, b6 sung theo Nghj djnh cua Chfnh phu s6 106/2011/ND-CP ngiy 23/11/2011).
TAP CHl LUAT HOC s 6 6/2Q;1?
