TAP CHl P H A T T R I S N N H A N Ll/C - SO J 12020
THl/C TRANG VIEC LAM CUA NGlJdl LAO DONG dOONG BANG S O N G ClJfU LONG HIEN NAY - NGUYEN NHAN VA GIAI PHAP
THS. PHAN MINH C H l "
TOM TAT
Dong bdng song Cifu Long Id vilng ddt thdp ven bien ciia Viet Nam. nen ludn Id khu vi/c b[
tdc hgi ndng ne nhdl do bien doi khi hdu gdy ra. Vi vgy. dU ddi ddo liem ndng phal Irien nong nghiip nhung ddi sdng ngUdi ddn ndi chung vd ngUdi lao dong d ndng than noi rieng con rdt khd khdn. Vdi quy md ddn sdvd ngudn lao ddng ldn vd ldc dg gia Idng luc lU0ig lao dgng cao, ben cgnh viic cung cdp cho thi Irudng nguon Igo dgng da dgng. thi viec gia tdng dp luc trong ddp dng vice Idm vd tinh trgng ddi ngheo ciia ngUdi ddn trong khu vile Dong bdng sdng Cdu Long vdn la dieu ddng bdo dgng.
Bdi vii'l ndy nghien ciiu ve IhUc Irgng viec ldm cua ngUdl lao dgng d Dong hdng sdng Ciiu Long hiin nay. nguyen nhdn ddn den thuc trgng do vd gidi phdp de gidi quyet viic ldm on dinh cho ngudi lao dgng.
Tiir khda; thuc trgng viic ldm cua ngudi lao dgng d Dong bdng sdng Cdu Long hiin nay.
1. Thuc trang vice lam cia ngu&i lao dong d Dong bang song Cihi Long hien nay Dong bing sdng Cflu Long (DBSCL) li vung cflc nam cua Viet Nam. cdn dflpc gpi li Vung ddng bing sdng Me Kdng. \iing ddng bing Nam Bd, Vung Tiy Nam Bd, Cflu Long hoic theo cich gpi cua ngfldi din Viet Nam ngin gpn li Mien Ta\, cd 1 Uiinh phd trflc thudc trung fldng li thanh phd Can Thd
\a 12 tinh: Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Vinh Long, Tri Vinh, Hiu Giang, Sdc Trang.
•' Giang \ ien Khoa Dai c -HipcMcnCfab9TP.HCM
Dong Thip, An Giang, Kien Giang, Bac Lidu vi Ca Mau. Theo sd lieu ciia Tdng cue Thdng ke Viet Nam nim 2019, tdng dien tfch cic tinh, thanh thudc Dong bing sdng Cflu Long li 40.548,2 km- vi tong dan sd cua cic tinh u-ong vung li 17.273.630 ngfldi. Dong bing sdng Cflu Long chiem 13% dien u'ch ci nfldc nhflng hon 19% dan sd ca nfldc, tdc dp ting trfldng cap hdn ca nfldc (nim 2015 ting 7,8%
trpng khi ci nfldc ting 6,8%). Chi rieng lua da chiem 47% dien tfch va 56% sin Iflpng Ifla ci nfldc; xuat khau gao tfl loan vflng chiem tdi 90% sin Iflpng. Chfla ke thuy sin chiem 70%
dien tich, 40% san Ifldng vi 60% xuat khiu ca nfldc... Tuy nhien, Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long dflng vl phfldng dien thu nhip van cdn ngheo
THS. PHAN MINH CHl - THliC f RANG VlgC LAM...
hdn ci nddc: thu nhap binh quin dau ngddi vdi mdc 40.2 tneu ddng (ci nddc li 47,9 trieu ddng/ngddi/nim).'"
Sau hdn mpl nim trien khai thuc hien Nghj quyet sd 120/NQ-CP cua Chfnh phu ve Phit uien bin vflng ddng bang sdng Cflu Long (DBSCL) tiifch flng vdi bien ddi khf hau. den nay DBSCL da dal dUpc mdt sd thinh lUu.
Nim 2018, DBSCL tidp tuc ddng dau ci nude ve sin lUdng lua. tdm, ci tra vi trii cay, lao kim ngach xuat khau khoing 8,43 ty USD, chiem 20% kim ngach xual khau ndng sin ca nUdc.'-' Ngoai ra, DBSCL dang tifng bUdc hinh lhinh nhilu vting chuyen canh cic ndng sdn chu lUc, cd ciu sin xui't chuyen djch tfch cflc theo djnh hddng ihj uudng, thfch flng tdt hdn vdi bidn ddi khf hau, bio dim cha't lUdng vh ning ldc canh tranh.
Tuy nhien, uong qui trinh thUc hien DBSCL phii ddi mit vdi cic khd khin nhi't dinh: tie dpng cua bie^n doi khf hiu khien ciu true mtia vu. ning suit thay ddi, djch benh gia ling, tii nguyen rflng suy giim. tii nguyen cat bj khai thic vd tpi va lim nha d ven sdng bi sut lun, giy ldn thddng ldn ddn vung chiu thd va sU phit trien bin vflng cua he sinh thii.
Day la nguyen nhan keo theo sd mi't viec Iim cua ngUdi lao ddng, din de'n viec xui'l cd d at Ien cic lhinh phd ldn de lam cdng nhan, giup viec nha vi cac nghi lao dpng chin tay khac.
"Wikipedia. '"Dongbang sting Cuu Long"; tir website; hups;//
\ nvikipedia.org/w iki'%C4%90%E I %BB%93ng_b%E 1 %B A%B!ng_s''oC3°'oB4ng_C%El%BB%ADu_Long. truy cap ngay 2.1 S 2019.
'Anh Quang "Phat iri(.n ben vihig vung dong bang song Cuu Long", lu website https//www nhandan com \T!/naUon_ni.v\5' itcmM00'J8702-phai-irien-ben-\ung-vung-dong-bang-song-
Viec djch chuyen lao ddng khdng chi inh hddng xiu ddn cic npi dung phat trien kinh id - xi hdi mi cdn inh hudng ddn khi ning phit trien thj trudng sdc lao dpng theo yeu cau hinh thinh ddng bd he thdng thj UUdng trong qua trinh phit trien nin kinh tdthj tntdng djnh hddng xi hpi chfl nghia.
Dua tren ma uin SWOT, tic gii cd nhan xet vl tinh trang viec lim eua ngUdi lao dpng DBSCL nhd sau:
1.1. Diem mgnh
- Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long cd quy md ldn ve dan sd. LUc lUdng lao ddng ddi dio, kha tre, thdng minh, sang tao, dim dUdng dau vdi khd khin. Theo Tdng cue Thdng ke, quy 2 nam 2018 DBSCL cd 10,4 trieu ngUdi trong dp tudi lao dpng uen tdng sd 55,1 trieu ngUdi lao ddng ci nddc (ehiem 18,9%).'^'
- Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long cd vi trf dja ly thuan ldi de md rdng quan he giao ldu qudc id, md rpng thi trudng tieu thu sin pham ndng - lam - thuy sin cua khu vUc. Ngoii ra, viec tiep giip Thinh phd Ho Chf Minh se tao ra nhflng cd hpi phit trien kinh te, thUdng mai, phal trien thj trUd'ng sdc lao ddng cho DBSCL.
- Cupc cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0 dem lai nhflng thinh tUu ding ke, giup cac viing kinh tduong ca nddc uong do cd DBSCL tidp can, kd thfla va hpc hdi nhflng kinh nghiem vl cdng nghe phuc vu cho phal trien thj trudng sfle lao dpng.
1.2. Diem yeu
- Phan ldn ldc lUdng lao ddng khu vUc
Tong cue Thong ke:"Bao cao dieu tra lao dong vi^c lam quy 2 20IS", lir website; https://wwwgso.gov.vn/derauit.aspx'.'tabl d=512Aidmid=5<emir>= 18993, uuy cap ngay 20/8/2019.
THS. PHAN MINH CHl i r i i j ^ i RAr^iG' !>triAM...
DBSCL tap trung d vung ndng thdn. chu yeu sin xuat ndng nghiep. Tuy cd ci'u kinh te khu vUc DBSCL Uong nhflng nim qua ed chuyen bien theo hUdng ting ty upng cdng nghiep va djch vu. nhdng ddn nay kinh id ndng nghiep van li lao dpng cd bin, ddi sdng ngudi dan ndi chung vi ngddi lao dpng d ndng thdn ndi riSng cdn rat khd khin.
Vdi quy md dan sd vi ngudn lao ddng Idn vi tdc dp gia ting ldc Iddng lao ddng cao, ben canh viec cung cap cho thj trudng ngudn lao dpng ddi dio, thi viec gia ting ip lUc trong dip dng viec lim vi tinh uang ddi ngheo cua ngddi din lrong khu vUc DBSCL van Ii dilu ding bio dpng.
1.3. Cd hoi
- DBSCL li bd phan cua chiu thd sdng Me Kdng cd dien tfch 40,6 nghin km'. Cd vj tri nim liln ke vdng Ddng Nam Bd, phia Bic giip Campuchia, phfa Tay Nam la vjnh Thii Lan, phfa Ddng Nam li Bien Ddng vdi bd biln dii 750 km, chidm 23% chilu dii bd bien ca nddc, li lpi the de phil trien giao thdng van tii biln vi du ljch. Ngoii ra, day cdn li cd hpi to ldn dl vung nghien cihi phat trien ning lUdng sach nhU nang lUdng mat udi, ning lUdng thuy trieu, ning lUdng gid... vfla gdp phan phit trien kinh id, vfla tao cdng an viec lim cho ngddi lao ddng.
- DBSCL manh \ I nginh chd bidn thuy sin xui't khau, chd bidn rau qui, nganh xay xit vi cac ling nghi. Da\ li nhflng nginh cdng nghiep mui nhpn, ludn chidm ty trpng vi tdc dp ting trudng vi thu hul mdt lUpng Idn lao ddng.
DBSCL dddc sd quan tim cua Chfnh phu nen nhdng nim g^n da\ thu hut dddc nhilu du in dau id trdc tidp nUdc ngoii. tap^
trung chfl yeu vio ITnh vUc cdng nghiep che bien, che tao. Cic dU in niy da phan cd quy md nhd, cdng nghe tnmg binh \a tao nhieu viec lim eho lao ddng phd ihdng. Nghi quyel sd 120/NQ-CP ngay 17/11/2017 ciia Chfnh phu "Vl phil Irien ben vflng ddng bing sdng Cflu Long thfch dng vdi bidn ddi khf hau"
di tao cd hpi mdi cho sU phit uiln ben vflng ciJa vflng.
1.4. Thdch thlic
- Trinh dp chuyen mdn vi ky ning lim viec cua ngUdi lao dpng khu vdc DBSCL dang dan dUde cii thien de phu hdp vdi djnh hudng phit trien ngudn nhan lUc Uong thdi dai cdng nghiep hoi. hi?n dai hoi, luy nhien, so vdi mil bSng chung ci nUde thi cha't lUdng lao dpng khu vUc niy vin cdn thap.
- Tdc dp do tiij hoi d DBSCL khi nhanh khidn nhilu lao ddng vung ndng thdn mat viec Iim Uong khi dia phddng chUa cd kd hoach dio tao, chuyen nghi cho lao dpng.
Cic chi'nh sich dim bio quyin lpi cho ngUdi lao dpng chda dUdc quan lam sau sic nhu thu nhap thap nhUng chi phf cudc sdng qua cao lim cho ngudi lao ddng phai tim ndi lam viec khic.
- Ddng b k g sdng Cflu Long li khu vUc cd ty Ie xuat cU vi djch chuyen lao ddng cao nhat nude, cao gap 3-4 lan so vdi sd ngudi nhip cu vio cic tinh trong khu vUc nhUng lai cd ly le nhap cU thap nhi nUdc (sau vung Trung du vi miln nui phfa Bic). Theo kdt qui cic sd lieu
IIK;"- IMI-;. I'll.' '•h'ii-ivi^' •.m.nicji
THS. PHAN MINH CHf-THLfCTRANG VIEC L A M . .
dieu ua cua Tdng cue Thdng ke nim 2018, ty suat xuat cU td Ddng bSing sdng Cflu Long la 5,7% (cao nhait nUdc), uong khi dd, ty suat nhap cU den Ddng bing sdng Cdu Long chi cd 1,1%. Vi gan 97% nhflng ngddi xuat cd khdi Dong bing sdng Cdu Long chpn diem ddn Ii Ddng Nam Bp.
- Cd sd ha tang DBSCL chda tddng xflng vdi yeu cau phit trien vi dinh hUdng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda kinh td. Viec dio tao ngudn nhan ldc chat Iddng cao cdn han chd.
Cac phddng thflc khai thic ndng - lam - ngd nghiep chu yeu van sfl dung cdng nghe lac hau.
- Tinh Uang d nhiem mdi trudng nUdc vi tic dpng cfla bidn ddi khi hau dang inh hUdng rat ldn ddn qui trinh phit trien kinh td- xa hdi cLia vung.
1.5. Tinh trgng thieu viec ldm cda ngiidi lao dong d DBSCL
Theo Bdo cdo dieu tra lao ddng viec ldm cfla Tdng cue Thdng kt Viet Nam, ty le that nghiep cua ngUdi lao ddng vflng DBSCL Uong quy 2 nim 2018 chiem ldi 36,6% tdng sd ngUdi that nghiep cua ca nUdc. Trong khi dd, ngUdi trong dp tudi lao dpng that nghiep DBSCL chidm ly 16 cao nhi't ci nddc (2,81 %), gap 2 lan so vdi ty le ngddi that nghiep uong ca nddc (1,43%).'-"
2. Nhihig nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang thieu viec lam cua ngUdi lao dpng d Ddng bang song Cihi Long
"' T6ng cyc Thong ke-"B4o ciio dieu tra lao dgng vi?c lam quy 2 2018 tu website https/'www gso go\ vn/default aspx?tabi d •^l2&idmid-'?&IiemID=18993 ttuy c?p ngay 20/8/2019.
2.1. Dien tich da't sdn xudt nong nghiep d dong bang song COu Long bi thu hep do bien ddi khi hgu. Id khong ve
Dat sin xual ndng nghiep d Ddng bing sdng Cihl Long la tu lieu sin xuat chfnh cua nhilu ngUdi dan song do bidn ddi khf hau, dien u'ch da't ngay cang bi thu hep dan ddn gia tang tinh trang thai nghiep, thidu viec lim cua nhflng ngddi sin xua't ndng nghiep d ndng thdn. Khdng nhflng vay, bidn ddi khf hiu cdn lim nang suit vi sin lUdng sin xui't ndng nghiep bj suy giim, sdc dl khing cua nhilu loai cay trdng, vat nudi giam, tao mdi trUdng thuan ldi cho nhilu loai djch hai bung phat tfl dd dan tdi sin xuat cua ngddi ndng dan gap nhieu khd khin, thu nhap tfl boat dpng ndng nghiep thi'p, ddi sdng gip nhilu bap benh.
Nudc ngiy cing man, khdng thfch hdp trdng vi nudi hai sin, thim chf khdng du nddc ngpt de udng. ngUdi din DBSCL mat viec lim, bupc phai xui't cd.
Truyin thdng xda nay, DBSCL sdng nhd lu. Lu ve dem phu sa bdi dip cho nhflng cinh ddng. Trddc diy, khi Iu vl, nhflng canh ddng trung sau thu hoach vu he thu thddng nUdc ngap siu 20 - 30 cm, nay kho ndt nd, la chd chin thi uiu bd. Nhieu ngUdi thue lai rupng mdi mua de chin thi vit ddng, phii dung miy dau bdm nddc vao rudng cho chung ldi, tdn them chi phf.
Mua nude ndi tfl bao ddi di trd thinh vin hda cua vung dat niy. Cai ten "nddc ndi" ham y nddc dang rat cham va theo chu ky, ngUdi din thay vi phii "chdng lu" thi chi can sdng chung vdi lu. Bdi lu la ngudn sdng. Vio mua
THS. PHAN MINH CHi -THUCTRANG V i f C L A ^
nudc. tuy khdng the udng uot, chin nudi, song bu Iai ngUdi miln Tay cd tiiu nhip tfl nhflng mdn qui trdi cho nhd tiiiiy sin tu nhien. thu bii eic loai rau ddng dem bin.
Tuy nhien, do nhieu nguyen nhan. nhU bidn ddi khf hiu, viec \ i \ dung cic hd dap thuy dien, thuy ldi tren thUdng ngudn... dan ddn tinh Uang lu thi'p. khdng cd lu ngiy cing trd nen thUdng \u\en d DBSCL. Lu khdng ve, sin xua't va ddi sdng cua hing trieu ndng din vung DBSCL bj inh hddng nghiem upng.
Muc nude lu tiiip se dan tdi cac he qua nhu phfl sa ngiy cing ft dan. lUpng thiiy sin fl.
khdng cd dii nUdc ngpt de day min ra xa \ ii khdng rda dUdc lap chit trong da't, lim inh hudng ddn chi phf san xui't, ning suit lua va cay trdng khac. Ngu\ cd ban bin. tiiieu nUdc.
xam nhap min vung cfla sdng khu vUc Nam Bd dang hien hien. tinh trang xim nhap min cd the diln ra ra't sdm tfl nhflng thing dau nim 2020. Mua lu dang dan bien mat cung vdi tinh Uang bidn ddi khf hau \a \iec lam dung xay ddng dap thuy dien iai thUdng ngudn lim cho cudc sdng cua ngUdi lao ddng DBSCL ngi\
cing khd khin.
2.2. Tdc dong cda kinh tethi triidng Kinh td thj trddng phat trien manh. thuc day sU canh uanh ngiy cing gay gal, quydt liet gifla cac cd sd sin xuat kinh doanh. Tuy nhien, nhflng nginh cd kha ning tao ra nhieu viec lim cho lao ddng ndng thdn d DBSCL dang gip nhilu khd khan uong bdi cinh canh uanh. DBSCL hien nay cd khoing 325 ling nghe, chiem khoing 8.4"^^ tdng so lang nghe cua ca nddc. trong do cd khoing 30 ling nghi
cd tudi ddi hdn 100 nim vdi cac nhdm nghe chu ydu li ddng xudng. ghe: gdm. khai thac va chd bicn thUe phim: may ti^ dan; del; do go; di vi kim khf... \di nhilu ling nghe noi tieng liu ddi nhU Ddng Thip (chidu Dmh
^'en, hoa Sa Dec, nem Lai Vung...). Ben Tre (binh uing M> Long, binh phdng Sdn Ddc, nau rUdu Phu Ll...). An Giang (del lua Tan Chiu, nghi mpc chd Thfl. det thd cam Chau Phong....), Kien Giang (nUdc miim Phu Quoc, ngpc irai...). Cic iang nghi trong vung da thu hut gan 220 nghin lao ddng vdi thu nhip trung binh 3,2 trieu ddng/thing. Tuy nhien, sd phit trien ling nghi \ iing DBSCL nhdng nim gan day gip nhilu khd khiin, thich ihflc. Dddi tic ddng cua kinh td thj trUdng. nghi thii cdng vi cac ling nghi cd nhflng bien ddi siu sic, nhilu ling nghi da bj bidn mi't hoic chuyen sang nghi khac' ~' Do do, lao dpng, nha't Ii lao dpng ir^ mat viec lim, phii chuyen dich sang
\hm viec d cic I7nh vUc khic hoac thoit ly khdi dja phUdng.
2.3. Toe do do thi hoa d Dong bang song Cdu Long cdn chgm, chda du sdc dethu hut lao dong du thita d nong thon
Dd thi hda gin bin vdi cdng nghiep hda, theo do la viec md rpng cic nginh cdng nghiep vdi nhilu cd sd sin xua't, khu cdng nghiep, khu chd xui't, cdng trinh do thj nhU cic trung tim djch vu, khu do thi mdi... tao ra nhflng nganh nghi va viec lim mdi thu hut lao dpng ndng thdn. Tuy nhien, do ty le do thj
••• TS. Truong S> Vinh (13/11/2018); -Phat trien du ||ch lang nghe viing Ddng bSng song Cuu Long", tir wtbsiie; hiip;//ba- odu! ich.net. vn/Phat-tnen-du-lich-lang-nghe-vung-Dong-bang- song-Cuu-Long-03-17270.html, ttuy c^p ngay Hi/5/2020.
THS. PHAN MINH CHf - THL/C TRANG VIEC LAM...
hda cua ddng bing song Cilu Long chda cao, d cic do thj vin chu yeu Ii cac doanh nghiep vfla vi nhd boat dpng, cac cd sd sin xuat cdng nghiep chfla the thu hut het lao dpng nong thon dan ddn mdt bp phin lao dpng ndng thdn thidu viec lim hoic that nghiep.
Ddng bkng sdng Cflu Long cd khoang 47 khu cdng nghidp, trong khi dd d Ddng Nam Bp cd 147 khu cdng nghiep, miln Bic cd 62 khu cdng nghiep. Tren thdc id, sd Iddng khu cdng nghiep dang boat ddng cdn han che nhdng vflng lai quy hoach rat nhilu khu cdng nghiep, vdpt qua nhu cau thdc td, inh hudng den van dl viec lim cua ngddi ndng din d ndng thdn. Trong khi dd, sd doanh nghiep hoal dpng uong cic khu cdng nghiep ft, ty le lap day khu cdng nghiep thi'p dan den khi niing thu hut lao ddng ndng thdn thi'p. Phan Ii3n cie khu cdng nghiep, cum cdng nghiep d ddng b ^ g sdng Cflu Long chi sfl dung khoing 5 - 40% dien tich da't, sdcdn lai dang n ^ uong tinh trang "phdi sUdng", Uong do cd hing ngin hecta dat miu md n^m canh bd sdng Tiln, sdng Hau bj dda vao quy hoach rdi bd hoang, giy lang phf^'.
2.4. Hieu qud ddo tgo nghe cho lao dgng nong thon rdt thdp
DBSCL la vflng dddc hd Ud dao tao ldn nha't ci nddc nhUng hieu qui dio tao lai thi'p nhi't, cd 78.3% lao dpng dUdc dao tao cd viec lim (trung binh ci nUdc li 81.3%). Thuc id, cd 93,7'^r lao ddng dUpc dio tao nghi phii tU
"' Phuc Nguven- •"Hifu qua dao Igo nghe cho lao dong nong ihon rat thap tuwebsiie https//cafeland \'n/qu\ hoach/dong- bang-song cuu long-nhieu kJiu cum cong nghiep dang-phoi- suong-43916hUnI truy cgp ng^y 10/5/2020
tao viec lim: cd 4.15% lao ddng dddc doanh nghiep bao tieu sin pham vi chi cd 0.98%
lao dpng dddc doanh nghiep tuyen dung. Lao dpng khu vdc niy dang cd xu hUdng gii hda, ty le lao dpng uong dp tuoi dUdi 35 giim tit 45,5% nam 2012 xudng cdn 38,9% nim 2017, lao dpng tfl 50 mdi ud len ting tfl 20,7% len 26,8%. Trong nganh ndng lam thuy sin, lao ddng dddi 35 tudi giam 37,4% xudng 26,2%
vi lao ddng td 50 tudi trd len ting 24,1% len 34,1%."''' Nguyen nhan do viec trien khai cic chfnh sich dio lao nghi cho lao dpng ndng thdn cdn thieu thUc te, tap trung vio ly thuydt qui nhieu. Phan ldn lao dpng trong nginh ndng lam thuy sin chua qua dio tao; lao ddng Uong nginh ndng lim thuy sin cd xu hudng chuyen djch sang nginh cdng nghiep, xay ddng va doanh nghiep...
2.5. He thdng ho trd gjao dich tren thi tnidng siic lao dgng con nhiiu ban che
Cic trung tim day nghe va gidi thieu viec lim trong khu vUc tuy nhilu vl sd lUdng nhUng chUa dim bio vl chit Iddng, chu ydu tap trung vio viec dao tao nghi, xem nhe chdc ning td van va gidi thieu viec lim.
Hoal dpng dien ra Uong cac hpi chd viec lim chda dip flng nhu cau tim viec lim, tuyen dung lao dpng cua ngddi lao dpng va ngddi sfl dung lao dpng.
3. Giai phap viec lam cho ngUdi lao dong is Dong bang song CuTu Long hien nay
Du nguyen nhin khich quan hay chu quan,
'"' Phuc Nguyen. "Hieu qua dao tao nghe cho lao dgng nong thon rat thap"; tir website: https.//cafeiand.vn/quy-hoach/dong- bang-song-cuu-long-nhieu-khu-cum-cong-nghiep-dang-phoi- suong-43916.hlml, truy cap ngay 10/5/2020.
)
THS. PHAN MINH CHl IHUC IKAIMUVie^ -^.--' ^ V!..,phii thfla nhin ring DBSCL da khdng cdn dupc thien nhien yeu chieu nhu trUdc. Thay vi trdng chd nhihig mua nudc da\ may rui. Nhi nUdc vi ndng din phii chu ddng thfch dng vdi tinh hinb mdi. Dudi diy li mpt sd giai phip cd bin:
3.1. Phdt trien ben vOng DBSCL thich dng vdi bien ddi khi hgu, phdt trien kinh te bien xanh d DBSCL
De chu ddng chuan bj phuc vu sin xua't vi ddi sdng ci trUdc mil vi lau dii cho vung DBSCL, cic bd, nginh chflc ning vi cic dja phUdng can sdm cd giii phip dng phd tinh trang DBSCL ngiy cing cd nguy cP "khdng cdn lu". Can quy hoach, chuyen ddi cd ci'u cay trdng, nginh nghe mdt each phu hdp, han che dien tfch udng lua va nhdng cay udng can nhieu nddc, chuyin ddi sang udng nhihig loai ciy sfl dung ft nddc. Tranh thu nhflng luc triiu cddng dang cao day nUdc ngpt vao ddng rudng va can cd giii phip gifl lUdng nUdc niy d lai. Nhflng khu vUc trung cd the tinh tdi viec nao vet cho siu. ling kha nang u'ch nUdc nhieu nhil cd the.
DBSCL nen dng dung cic thinh tdu khoa hpc mdi de can thiep vao quy trinh canh tic truyin thdng nhim giim bdt tic ddng tieu cUc den ndng nghiep mien Tay. Vf du nhU tai Israel, ndi nin ndng nghiep dang phil trien hien dai vi bin vflng uen sa mac, cdng nghe cao di tao ra dieu kien phu hdp cho cay udng, vat nudi bit chip thdi thidt khic nghiet.
Thay vi chd phfl sa bdi dip, chfnh quyin cd the hddng dan cho ngudi din each lim de dal rudng dupc luan canh, sd dung quy liinh hihi
cd. cdng nghe vi sinh, cd gidi hda diay cho sdc lao dpng, khuyen khfch vi phd bien cdng nghe mdi. Cd nhU viy. ngUdi din \ ung IQ mdi yen tam san xui't irong mdt tddng Iai khong cdn nude phu sa.
G ^ kdl yeu cau phil uien kinh id ndng nghiep vdi cdng nghiep. kinh te bien, flng phd bidn ddi khf hau \ a nUdc bien ding, uong dd, chu y phit uien hii hda hinh lang ven biln vi cic do tili ven biln. Ddng tiidi. phit trien toin dien nginh hai sin thinh tieu vung kinh te hii sin Upng diem cua cii nUdc. Mit khic, can ting cudng ning iUc giim sit va quin ly boat dpng khai thac. nuoi trdng thtiy sin bin vflng; cic hoat dpng xa tiiai giy d nhiim mdi trddng.
3.2. Gidm ty le mdt viec ldm do tdc dotig cua kinh tethi triidng
De giim ty le mat viec lim do tic dpng cfla kinh td lhi trUdng, trUdc m^t thj trUdng lao ddng DBSCL can liep tuc dddc phit trien theo hudng hien dai hda va thi trddng. Khudn khd lual phip, the chd, chfnh sich thj trUdng lao ddng can sdm dUpc kien loan. Chu trpng ho trd lao dpng di cU tfl ndng thdn ra thanh thj, cac khu cdng nghiep vi lao ddng vung bien; hd trd tao viec lam cho thanh nien, ngddi khuydt tit, ngudi dan tpc thieu sd, phu nfl ngheo ndng thdn, thf diem dit hing hdp ddng vdi trung tam dich vu viec lim va cic to chdc, ddn vj cd Uen quan khic nhU: Phdng Cdng nghiep ThUdng mai Viet Nam (VCCI), Trung Udng Doin, Hdi Lien hiep Phu nfl Viet Nam, Hdi Ndng din Viet Nam... de thUc hien cic hoat ddng ho Ud tao viec lam.
THS.PHAN MINH CHf-THLfCTRANG VIEC LAM..
3.3. Phdt trien viec Idm dDong bdng song Cdij Long dethu hut lao dgng
Mudn phil uien viec lim de thu hut lao dpng, DBSCL can phii thuc day md hinh lien ket vCing de phit huy thd manh cfla toan vung Ii Ida gao, trai cay va thfly sin. Sd lien ket niy se lao md hinh sin xuat kh^p kfn tfl ngUdi sin xuat ra ngudn nguyen lieu cho ddn giai doan che bidn vi van chuyen thanh pham. ThUc hien sfl lien kdt niy se lim ting nhanh cic khu chd xuat ndng, thuy sin, gdp phan lim cho sU chuyen djch nhanh hdn ve cd ci'u xa hpi - nghi nghiep theo khu vUc kinh tdvi loai hinh kinh id. Ngoai ra, DBSCL can cd chi'nh sich khuydn khfch vi cii thien mdi trudng dau tu de thu hut dau tU trong nUdc vi qudc le vio phit Uien vung. Thu hut va cii thien mdi uudng dau tU se gdp phan lam da dang hda loai hinh kinh tdd dja phddng, giup giii quyel viec lim tai chd vi chuyen djch cd ci'u xii hdi - nghi nghiep theo loai hinh kinh te cd hieu qua hdn, trinh lim qui lii cho loai hinh kinh te nhi nUdc. Ddng thdi, gdp phan tao ra canh tranh lanh manh vl thu nhip gifla cac loai hinh kinh id. De lim dUdc dilu nay, can thUc hien nghiem chd dp kilm Ua, giam sil vl boat dpng cua cic Ioai hinh kinh idve thflc hien chd dp cho lao ddng; thdc hien thu tuc dau tu gpn vi nhanh chdng phu hdp vdi phip luat; du dii vl da't dai, thue'... vi cd cam ket vl dio lao vi sfl dung lao dpng cua dia phUdng.
3.4. Dao tgo nghe cho lao dong nong thon Viec can thiet va cap bich hien nay ddi vdi ngudn nhin ldc cua DBSCL li ning cao trinh
dp ky ning cfla ngudi lao dpng thdng qua dio tao nghi. Uu tien dio tao cac nginh, nghi phu hdp vdi nginh, lmh vUc sin xui't chuyen ddi; xda bd hoic nang mdc gidi han sd Iddt tham gia hpc cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh thdc td; phit trien cd sd giio due nghi nghiep hieu qui. Thuc day lien kdl Uong dio tao gin vdi tuyen dung lao dpng. Nghta li, sU phoi hpp gifla eic cd sd day nghi vi cic doanh nghiep phii thUe su chit che, lao dpng di qua dio tao can dUdc tin dung. De dip dng dUdc yeu cau tii cd ci'u ndng nghiep do Chi'nh phu dl ra, can xay ddng De in chuyen ddi nghe vi lao viec lim viec lim cho lao dpng ndng nghiep ndng thdn nhim dim bao sinh kd, ddi sdng ngUdi din vi phil uien dn djnh ben vflng, tip trung dio tao cbo lao ddng ndng Ihdn cd lay nghi cao. tfch cUc trien khai chddng trinh Woj .xd mot sdn phdm. Mdi ca nhan cd tdt thi tap the mdi tdt. Tfl do, hddng den phit trien DBSCL mdt cich toin dien.***'
3.5. He thdng ho trd giao dich tren thi tnidng sdc lao dgng
De dng phd vdi nhflng thich thdc trong tUdng lai, ndng din can nhieu hinh dpng tfl phfa Nha nddc. Vf du, chi'nh quyin dja phUdng cd the tao ra viec Iim mdi bang cich thu hut cac doanh nghiep dau tU (khdng can quy md Idn), song song vdi day manh day them nghe mdi cho ndng dan. Ben canh dd.
"' Aus4Reforni (01 S/2019): "Lao dpng nong nghiep nong thon 6 DBSCL thieu hut ca ve chat lugng va so lugng"; tu website, h ttp://a us4re fo rm .org. vriiTi n-tuc-va-truyen-th ong/Ti n-Chuong- trinh/lao-dong-nong-nghiep-nong-thon-o-dbscl-thieu-hut-ca-
\e-chat-luong-va-so-luong-437908A truy cap ngay 11/5'2020.
THS. PH AN iVIINH CHI - THOCl IWNu vici^ CiA«-
ning cao ning !Uc. tuyen truyen. kiem tra. chdcdiotao. lip hui'n cho dpi ngu tU van vien giam sal, dinh gii thUc hien dd in, uong dd: cua trung tim djch vu \ ice lim: (iii) thdng tin.
(i) ting cudng dao tao, tap hui'n. bdi dudng tuyen truyin tren cac phUdng tien thong tin ning cao ning ldc cho cin bp quin ly nha dai chung \ l lao ddng. \ice lim. nhat li cho nddc vl viec lam; (ii) phdi hdp vdi cic ddn vi lao dpng ndng thdn. lao dong di c\i vn cac doi lien quan xay dUng khung chUdng trinh va td tUdng lao ddng die thu.
