Nghien ciJu - Trao doi
LUU T R O T H O N G T I N
TREN NEN T A N G DIEN TOAN DAM MAY:
CO HOI VA THACH THUfC
ThS. N G U Y E N THj CHINH
B
idn toin dim miy "cloud computing" li mdt thuat ngd mdi md trong Idu trd ky thuit si. NhiSu nghidn cdu cho ring didn toin dim miy li mdt giii phap cho vide Idu trd dipn td trong mdi trddng ky thuit si ngay nay. Vay, didn toin dim miy li gi? Cd bao nhidu lopi didn toin dam miy?Ong dung thi nio vi cho cic loai dich vp gl? Nhdng lot fch vi rui ro khi sd dung didn toin dam may? Nhdng til lieu Idu trd cd gii tri qud'c gia cd ndn sff dung giii phip Idu trd didn toan dam miy? vi nhdng vin de gi can xem xdt khi ky kit hpp ddng vdi nhi cung ci'p djch vu didn toan dim miy cho Idu trd? Bai vie't niy giup tri ldi mdt cich ngin gon nhdng cau hoi trdn dddi quan nidm vi gdc nhin cua nhdng ngddi lim cdng tic Idu trd tai Australia.
1 . Gidi t h i p u
Dien toan d a m m a y ( D T D M ) la m d hinh dien toan sff d y n g cdng nghe may tfnh d d a v a o m g n g Internet, theo d d tai n g u y e n chia s d , phdn m d m v a t h d n g tin d u p c cung cd'p cho cac m a y tfnh va thidt bj khac t h e o y d u e a u . D T D M la mpt thuat ngff ehung cho tat c l cac loai dich v y Iffu trff tren Internet. D a m may la mdt s y l o hda cac n g u d n n h d m a n g , m a y c h i i , cac ffng d y n g , ldu trff dff lieu v d cdc djch v y . N d cd the eung cd'p cho ngddi sff d y n g nhieu ffng d u n g va djch vy theo y e u c a u t h o n g qua trang W e b .
Cic die tinh thiit yiu cua md hinh DTDM:
T y phyc vy nhu c d u : mot ngudi sff d y n g cd the ddn phUdng eung edp kha nang didn t o d n , e h i n g hgn n h d may ehii thong thudng va Iffu trff m g n g , n h d la mpt sff edn thie't t y ddng ma khdng cdn den sff tffdng tac eua con ngudi ddn cae nha cung edp.
- Mgng truy c d p r d n g : d u n g Iffpng cd s i n tren m g n g v a dffpc truy cap thdng q u a cac c d c h e tieu c h u a n . Cae c d c h d nay se thue ddy vide sff d y n g edc mdy trgm m d n g hoac ddy khac nhau nhu dien thogi di d p n g , m a y tfnh xach tay hoac P D A s .
- Tdp trung n g u d n lye: ngudn lyc eua eac nha cung c d p dupc gdp Igi d d p h y c vy viec sff d y n g cua nhidu khach hang b i n g md hinh "nhidu ngudi c u n g thue" vdi nhieu ngudn l o va vat ly khac nhau d u p c giao va b d trf c h o khdch hang mpt each linh hogt theo nhu edu sff d y n g . N g u d n Iffc cCig cdc nha eung
edp cd the bao g d m : IUu trff, xff ly, b d n h d , bang thdng m g n g vd edc m a y l o .
- Tfnh dan hdi n h a n h : dung lupng cd t h d dffpc cung cap mpt each nhanh chdng va linh hogt, trong mot vai trudng hpp dffpc c u n g cdp t y d p n g de djnh mffc va phat hanh mot e a c h n h a n h e h d n g . D u n g Iffpng t h d d n g s i n cd de cung edp cho khach hang v a dffpc ban khdng gidi hgn.
- Tfnh do Iffdng: cac he t h d n g d a m may tff dong kiem soat va sff d y n g tai nguyen mpt each tdi da hda b i n g each tan d y n g k h i nang do dgc d mpt s d mffc dpng triu tffdng thfch hpp vdl mpt s d logi dich vy n h u luu trff, xff ly, bang thdng va hogt d p n g iien quan den tai k h o i n cua ngudi sff d y n g . Viae sff d y n g tai nguyen cd the ddpc theo ddi, kiem soat va bao cao, cung cap s y minh bgch eho e l ngudi tieu d u n g va nhd cung cap.
C d hang logt cac ffng d y n g c d the dffpc c u n g cap eho ngddi sff d y n g thdng qua md hinh D T D M , tff viec q u i n ly t h u dien tff hoac q u i n ly ndi d u n g cac ffng d y n g va hogt d p n g dat biet n h u q u i n ly dff an, q u i n ly ngudn nhan lpc ddn viec luu trff dff lieu.
Cic lopi djch vp dim may:
- S o f t w a r e - a s - a - S e r v i c e (SaaS) - Ddy la ndi eac ffng d y n g c d n g viec ddpc eung cap tran W e b (vf dy n h u email).
Nha eung ffng se cung cap c d s d h g tdng phdn c d n g , s a n p h a m p h a n m d m , sff tddng tac vdi ngddi sff d y n g thong qua mpt c d n g trffdc-sau. Dieh vy ed t h d bao gdm t h u dien tff d y a trdn W e b , kiem soat hang ton kho va xff ly c d s d d d lieu.
- P i a t f o r m - a s - a - S e r v i c e (PaaS) - D a y Id mot tap hpp
Van thu Luu trir Vl$t Nam so 4/2013 29
N g h i d n cu^u - T r a o d o i
eac phdn mdm vd edng cy phdt tridn s i n phim dypc luu trff tren cP sd hg t i n g eiia nha cung cap. NhOng ngffdi phat tridn tgo ra cac ffng dyng trdn ndn ting nay thdng qua Internet Mdt vi dy Id GoogleApps.
- Infrastrueture-as-a-Service (laaS) - Ddy la ndi nha eung ffng cung cd'p ed sd hg tdng
"lo" nhu la mdy ehu, Iffu trff vd truy cap.
Cic lopi dim miy:
Nhffng nghidn cffu trddc nam 2011 ch? ra ring ed bdn logi DTDM gdm: ddm mdy td vd ndi bd; ddm may edng ddng; dam may cdng va dam may hon hpp. Ngay nay, nhidu nha nghien cffu cho ring eh? ed hai logi hinh dam may cd bin: Dam may cong Id mdt nha eung cdp md bdt ky at cung ed the mua cac djch vy tff dd (trong mdt vdi trudng hpp, day la nhffng djch vu mien phf); Dam may tff Id mdt mgng gidi han ngddi sff dyng (vi du mdt cdng ty, mdt Chfnh phu hodc mot cdng ddng) hoac mpt trung tam dff lieu cung cap cac dich vy lyu trff tdi mot sd Iffpng ngudi nhat djnh.
Ngoai ra edn cd eac dam may l o rieng biet, vf du, ndi mpt nha cung cap djch vy sff dyng cac tai nguyen cua dam may cdng de tgo ra mot dam may tu.
2. Lpi fch eda vipc sff dung cac djch vu DTDM trong Iffu trff
Dien toan dam may edn dffde danh gid la ket q u i ciia mdt sd tidn bp edng nghe bao gdm:
- Mang tde dp cao va dang tin cay;
- Cd sd hg tang toan eau rdng ldn, dffde tnen khai bdi cac nha cung cap tam cd nhff Google va Amazon;
- Khi nang l o hda;
- Phan effng may ehu tien nghi;
- Phdn mdm ngudn md (nhu Linux, Apache va Hadoop);
- Chap nhan va thdng qua cac tidu ehuan md ciia Web 2.0, dieu nay giup cho vipc ap dyng va phat tridn eac dam may d l dang hdn va nhanh hpn.
Kha ning md rpng:
Dung lupng khdng gidi hgn cho phep nhieu doanh nghiep cd k h i nang dd dang md rdng, linh hogt va dap ffng sy thgy ddi. Chlng hgn:
- Viec dap dng nhanh hdn cd the dem Igi Ipi fch cho Chfnh phu trong viec cung edp djch vy vd dap ffng dffpc nhu cau ciia cdng ddn, doanh nghidp, nhan viSn, nhd cung edp vd cdc mdi quan he cdng tac. Vidy, k h i ndng cung'cap va sff dung djch vy trong ngay;
- Lya chpn cdc k h i ndng md rdng ddpc cung cdp ma khdng can bdt cff mdt cam kdt tai ehinh nghigm trpng nao de mua va b i o tri cd sd hg ting;
- Cung cdp vd thffe hidn theo ydu cau, eho phdp Iffu Iffpng va giim thdi gian de thffc hien cae djeh vy mdi.
Hl$u qui:
Vi0c phan bd cdc hogt dpng didu hanh cdng ngh$ thdng tin cung edp cd hdi cho cac ed qugn, td chffe trong vi§e nghidn effu va ap dyng cdc ffng dyng mdi, tgo rg vd v|in dyng nhffng gill phdp mdi. Dd chfnh la didu kiSn thudn Ipi dd cdc cd quan, td ehffc cd thd d l cap ddn vi^c thf diem dp dyng djch vy DTDM trong luu trff.
Hpn chi chi phi:
Vdi nhOng ffu diem nhff dung lupng sin co, khdng tdn chi phf ddu tU ban dau va bio tri cd sd hg tdng, khdng can dau tff nhidu eho cac thidt bi cdng nghe thdng tin, giim ehi phi trong viec quin ly he thdng cdng nghd thdng tin, cac djch vy DTDM cd the giup cdc ed quan, to ehffc tiet kiem ddng ke ngudn kinh phi.
Tinh linh hopt:
Khi sff dyng cac d|ch vy DTDM, cac cd quan cd thd tiet kiem dffpc thdi gian thiet lap, khdng can phdi cai dat them phdn cdng va phin mem nao va cd thd thye hign dffde vdi cae ddi tdc d xa. Ben cgnh dd, eac cd quan cung cd cd hdi eao trong vide tidp edn vdi nhffng edng nghe mdi nhdt thdng qua cac (ST\Q dyng phdn mem ddpc cap nhdt tff dpng bdi cac nhd eung cdp ddm may.
Nguy Cd thit bpi thap:
Nguy ed that bgi trong mdi trffdng may tfnh ddn hdi se thdp hdn trong mdi trffdng may tfnh thdng thudng. Sff thd't bgi cyc bd (tgi mot niit) ciig he thdng trong mdi trUdng DTDM se khdng Inh hudng den cac thdng tin s i n ed.
Vdi eac dac trdng thiet ydu cua md hinti DTDM va nhffng danh gia eiia eac nha nghien cffu dffpc dd cap 6 tren, chung ta d l dang nhan thdy md hinh DTDM cd k h i ndng tgo ra nhffng lpi ieh tiem nang eho cac cd quan, iS ehffc khi sff dyng nd trong ITnh vyc lyu trC thdng tin sd. Mffc do Ipi ich se phy thudc vao md hinh DTDM dffpc cac cd quan, td chffc li/a chpn vd dp dyng (AGIMO, 2011).
3. Rui ro khi trien khai va sff dgng cac djch vg DTDM
Nhff bit ky cdc hogt ddng liSn quan d^n
30 Van thu Luu trir Viet Nam sfi 4/2013
Nghien cihi - Trao doi
kinh d o a n h , ed c l nhffng riii ro v d c d hpi lien quan d d n viec sff d y n g c d c djch vy D T D M . NhQng rdi ro edn dffpc d d n h g i d va qudn ly n h i m m y c dfch g i a m thieu c h u n g .
Dien toan d a m m d y t h u d n g lien quan ddn viec chuyen ddi ndi d u n g h o ^ c tgo rg nhffng npi dung mdi trong k h o dff lidu d a n g dffpc duy tri bdi nha eung c d p v d k h o i n g each dja ly xa xdi eiia khach h a n g . Vi t h d , d d trien khai cac djch vy tren n l n t i n g D T D M c d n d i m b i o tuan thu nhffng y d u eau p h a p ly c u n g nhff nhffng mong dpi ciia c d n g d d n g trong viae qudn ly thdng tin nhff d i m b i o an ninh thdng t i n , d i m b i o thdng tin dffpc khdi p h y c sau t h d m hpa v d he thdng q u i n ly t h d n g tin hogt d p n g lidn tye;
d i m b i o viae sff d y n g t h d n g tin v a o nhffng myc dfch chfnh d a n g .
D$c biet hdn, khi hoat d d n g chinh thffc eda Chfnh phii ddpc t h y c hidn b i n g vide sff d y n g cae dich vy D T D M thi kho Idu trff dff liSu se Idu trui nhffng tai lieu qudc g i a , trong d d c d nhidu tat lieu lien quan d e n hogt d d n g ciia cac c d quan, td chffc va doanh nghidp. Didu nay dSt ra mdt s d riii ro c h o cdc c d q u a n , to chffc v a ca nhdn nhffng ngffdi dffa vao cac q u y t i e qudn ly thong tin ciia Chinh p h u d e eung edp b i n g chffng eho quyen Ipi e u a h p v a de chffng minh tinh dung d i n trong nhffng boat d p n g c u a Chinh phii. Didu dd c d nghTa la, bat ky djch vy DTDM nao lidn q u a n dd'n viec t a o lap, q u i n ly va luu trff thong tin c i i a C h i n h p h u c u n g c a n ddpc ddnh gid dffa tren nhffng y e u cau c u a luat phap ve luu trff v a cae tidu c h u I n ban hanh theo l u a t
C d mpt s d riii ro tiem I n lien quan d e n vide q u i n ly thdng tin khi sff d y n g eac dich vy DTDM, bao g d m :
- Dff liau dffpc tgo rg v a Iffu trff ngodi m g n g va ngoat may chii cCia ed q u a n , t d chffc. Khi dff lieu dupc q u i n ly v a Iffu trff b e n ngoai, viec hogt dpng lign t y c v a k h i c p h y c t h i m hpa se nam ngoai t a m kiem soat c i i a c d q u a n , td chdc va n i m trong tay n h a eung edp.
- Dff liau ch? c d t h e truy c a p thdng q u a n h a cung cap d a m m a y , ed nghTa la phu thupc q u a nhieu vao n h a c u n g e d p .
- C d quan, td chffc c d t h e s e khong c d k h i nang kiem soat nhffng tai lieu q u d c gia c d liSn quan dffpe Iffu trff tran edc d a m m d y ddy d u , do do cd thd se k h d n g d a p ffng dffpc nhffng ydu cau ciia luat Iffu trff d e d i m b i o b i o v d an todn nhOng tai lidu qud'c gia. /
- T d i lieu c d t h d Id t h u d c v a o luat phdp e u a mpt dja phffdng, m p t qudc gia khac va d o do c d t h i dffpc phdt hien d trong khu vpc phap ly d d .
- N h d eung c a p djch vy c d the khdng c d k h i nang b i o q u i n tdi li§u v d i thdi hgn lffu trff lau ddt.
- Nha cung cd'p djeh vy ed the khdng ed k h i nang t h y c hien nhidm vy qudn ly tdi lieu thong t h y d n g n h u d a n g ky v d xff ly tat lieu.
- Tdi lidu ed the khdng dupe tra Igi theo y e u cdu hoac sau khi kdt thuc hpp d d n g .
- C d c hd s d ed t h d dupe t r i Igl eho td ehffc nhung trong mpt djnh d g n g m a t d chffc khong the truy cap v a sff d y n g ddpc.
Nha cung c a p , c h i i s d hffu c u a nhffng doanh nghiep c d the d d n g hogt d d n g nhffng dff lieu thi khdng the p h y c hdi ddpc.
Ben egnh dd edn mot s d vdn de nhU:
- K h i nang tUdng thfch c u a djnh dgng: Dot khi hd s d t r d Igi c i i a td chdc sau khi ket thuc djch vy cung d n g tff ben ngoai khdng d dinh dgng m a td chdc c d the truy cap v a sff d y n g mdt each dd d i n g . Mot s d t d chffc d a p h i i ddi mat vdi viec p h i i m u a phan m e m d i t tien de tai truy c a p va sff d u n g dff lieu eiia hp.
- Sff quay Igi c u a dff lieu: Mpt vai tai lieu ddpc gffi d d n " d a m may" ed thdi hgn b i o quan lau dai ( c h l n g hgn nhffng tai lieu v d q u i n ly d y an xay dffng) v a do dd k h a nang c u a nha cung cap djch vy trong viec t r d Igi tdi lieu c h o td chffe la quan trpng d e dap ffng cac nhu cau edng viec v a y e u eau phap ly.
- C d c chffc nang q u i n (y tai lidu: k h i nang ciia n h d eung c a p djch vy trong viec thye hian v a d i n chffng mpi hogt dpng cdn thiet eua viec q u i n ly tai lieu, nhdt la hanh d p n g thffdng xuyen nhff ddng ky v a xff ly tai lidu.
4. Mpt so' va'n d e c a n x e m xet k h i thffc hipn vipc q u i n ly t a i l i p u Iffu trQ qud'c g i a t r e n n e n t i n g D T D M
T h e o phap luat q u i n ly tat lieu ldu trff not Chung, mot ngffdi khong ddpc phep tgo ra hoac gffi m o t tai lieu Idu trff qudc gia ra khoi lanh t h d qudc gia trff phi d d p c phap luat c h o phdp.
D d cac e d q u a n n h a nffdc c d the Idy v a gffi tai lieu ra khdi lanh t h d t h d n g q u a vide thda thudn vdi cac n h a c u n g c a p djch v y , tai lieu luu trff qudc gia p h i i d y p c p h d quyet eho phep c h u y d n ra khdi cae kho Iffu trff n h a nffdc de b i o q u i n bdi cdc n h a c u n g c a p djch vy d b e n
Viln thuLuu trir Viet Nam sd 4/2013 31
Nghidn cvtu - T r a o d o i ngoai Nha nudc. Tuy nhidn, vi^c cho phdp chf xiy ra khi mdt ddnh gia vd mffc dd riii ro dd dupc thyc hien vd tai ll$u dupc qudn ly dim bio ta't c l cac ydu eau ddi vdi mdt tai li^u ldu trff qudc gia theo quy djnh ciia phip lu^t hi0n hanh.
Chfnh vi vdy, trffdc khi lap kd hogch cho vide sff dyng cdc djch vy DTDM trong cdng tae Iffu trff, cae cd quan, t6 chffe eIn nghidn effu, phan tfeh mpt sd vdn de sau:
Danh gia va gill quyet nhu'ng riii ro liSn quan ddn vi^c lay va gffi tai liau ra ngoai Nhd nUdc de bio quin hoac duy tri vdi cae nha cung c i p djch vy ben ngoai Nha nddc.
- Dim bio ring cae thiet bj va djch vy ciia nha cung c i p phu hpp vdi nhffng yeu eau theo cac tieu chuan da dupe Nha nddc ban hanh.
- Dim bao ring cae thoa thuan va vide kiem soat hpp dong phai thuc day viee bao quan an toan va dung d i n ddi vdi tai lieu.
- Dam bio quydn s6 hffu tai lieu ddi vdi eac cd quan nha nddc khae.
- Bd tri viec giam sat de dam bao nha eung cap djch vy dang dap ffng tat c l cac yeu cau lien quan.
LUu y ring, ngay c l khi mdi trudng DTDM dupe quin ly hoan toan trong lanh thd eua qudc gia thi mpt danh gia vd mffc dp thich hpp va rdi ro ciJa djch vy eung can dupc thyc hidn.
Mffe dp rui ro eiia djch vy DTDM se thay ddi theo npi dung, chil de tai lieu va mffc dp nhgy cam hay tam quan trpng cua tai lieu. Trong mpt sd trddng hpp, cd nhffng tai lieu vo cimg nhgy cam va quan trpng de ed the tin tudng vao cac nha eung cap djch vy. Nhffng tai lieu lyu trff qude
gia dac bidt quan trpng nhff vdy cdn cd cd chd q u i n ly riang, ch? nan quin ly "trong nhd".
Ngodi ra c i n xem xdt ky thda thuan sff dyng djch vy tren ndn ting DTDM. N^i dung ciia edc logi thda thudn vd djeh vg trong hpp ddng Id rdt quan trpng. Khi tham gia vdo mdt th6a thuan sff dyng cdc djch vy DTDM cho edc hogt dpng kinh doanh ho$c luu trff thdng tin, cd quan, td ehffc ndn tlm den sff tff vdn phdp ly.
M6t vdi vl dy vd nhffng vd'n dd cdn dupc xem xet trong vide lffu trff DTDM nhff: d i m b i o vide tgo lap, quin ly va vISc xff ly nhffng tdi lidu chfnh thffc trong mdi trudng DTDM mgt each thfch hpp.
c A c V^N Q^ C A N X E M Xil TRONG HpP OONG KHI SLf DyNG DjCH V i ; DTDM
•X^c dinh vjlrf CLia dOll^u - Q j y 5 n s 6 f i i ? u d i l l i S u - C^c liSu chu^n dJQc Eif dyng
• CSc y6u ciu v3 quySn liBng I J - C d c y f i u c S u v ^ b S o m ^ l - Xdc d|rti vai t r i vh Irich nhiSm - V3n de Kuy c§p
• VSn dSan ninh
•CknUb&Qs\jc6
• Co ch5 Uii/c hiSn
- D^m bko ho^l dOns li€n lijc vd khic phijc
$\jc6 -PhvchtfrdOlifiu - T h i a IhuSn gidm sdt
- Sy quay vi cua dO hgu (sau khi ket Ihuc
h(jp diSng) :
• S j ti§u huy dO li^u til cdc h$ Ihing cfia nhd cung c5p (sau khi k^t ttiiic hgp cJ6ng)
Tdm Igi, thugt ngff "dipn toan dam may" dang ngay cang quen thupc va dffpc sff dyng phd bien trong cac nganh cong nghe dien tff, cdng nghe sd'. Lffu trff nhidu nddc phat tnen tren the gidi cung dang tich cffc nghien cffu k h i nang sff dyng cac dich DTDM cho viec Iffu trff thdng tin qudc gia. Tuy nhien, ben egnh nhffng ldi fch vUpt trdl md mo hinh DTDM mang lai cho edng tae luu trff thi nd eung tidm dn nhidu riii ro va thdch Xhisc.
vay, cd nan sff dyng edc djch vy DTDM eho vipc lyu trOtai lieu qudc gia va ydu td nao de d i m b i o eac nha cung edp djch vy ed k h i nang bdo quin lau dai nhffng tai lieu cd g i i tri cung la vdn de ma cac chuyen gia luu trff va cdng nghe thdng tin c i n tidp tyc nghien cffu tim Idi glii dap Q
Tai lipu tham khIo:
1. Chidn lupc dien toan dam may. Van phdng Quin ly Thdng tin Chinh phii Australia, 2011.
2. Quin ly tai ligu va dam may, Luu trff Qudc gia Australia, 2011.
3. cae vdn dd phap ly trong hpp ddng dien todn dam may, van phdng Quin ly Thdng tin Chinh phu Australia, 2012.
4. Nhffng eau hdi thffdng gap vd dien toan dam mdy, LUu trff bang NSW, Australia, 2012.
32 Vdn thu Luu trir Viet Nam so 4/2013
