TH! TRIfdNG GIA CA
Xuat khau ca phe:
THAY DOI DE V i m QUA THACH THIJlC
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Nganh ca phe Viet Nam dang dihig thur hai the gifti ve san lupng va gia tri xuat khau ca phS. Theo de an phat trien nganh ca phe ben vftng den ndm 2020, se co khoang 80% san lupng ca phe xuat k h i u true tiep cho cac nha tieu thu, cac nha rang xay nudc ngoai, khdng qua kh^u trung gian. Ddy la thach thftc dd'i vdi cac doanh nghidp xuat khau ca phg nhan Viet Nam.
Ddi mat vdi thach thftc 6 n g Luong Van Tu, Chu tich Hiip hdi Ca phe - Ca cao Viet Nam cho bidt, nien vu ndm 2013 - 2014 tdng san lucmg d c loai ed phi xuit khiu eua Viit Nam dat gin 1,7 trieu tin, gid tti kun ngach tt^n 3.4 ty USD (tdng 17%
vi lupng va 12,5% vd gid tti so vdi niin vii ttiide). Theo Bd Ndng nghiip va Phdt triin Ndng thdn Viet Nam, xull khiu ca phe tiiang 12/2014 udc dat 168.000 tdn, tri gia 338 ttiiu USD, dua khdi lupng xudt khiu ca phe nam 2014 len 1,73 ttieu tdh va gia tri dat 3,62 ty USD, tang 33,4% ve lupng va 32,2% vi gid tti so vdi ndm 2013. Ca phi Viet Nam da ed mat d hon 80 qud'c gia va vung lanh thd. Cac thi trudng nhdp khiu d phi chu ydu cua Viet Nam bao gdm: EU dat 685 nghin tin, gid tri hon 1.39 t^ USD, tdng 38% vd lupng va 38,3% vd gia tti so vdi cftng kJ nam 2013, chidm 42,5% lucmg ca phe xud't khiu cfta ca nudc; tiii trudng Hoa Ky dat gin 154 nghin tin, gid tti 335
nghin USD, tdng 22% vi lupng va 23.6% vd gia tri so vdi ciing kJ*
nam 2013, ehiem 10% tdng kim ngach xuit nhdp khiu ca phe cua ea nudc. Tuy nhiin, Dftc va Hoa K^ la hai thi trucmg nhap khiu ca phi ldn nhlt cua Viet Nam vdi thi phdn Iln lupt la 14% va 10,2%, tidp theo la thi trudng Italia, Tdy Ban Nha, Nhdt Ban... ddy la tfii tiudng cd tdc dd tang ttudng ldn cua Viit Nam. Dac biet, theo cac doanh nghiep, x d t khiu cd phi sang thi trudng Trung Qudc tang ttong nhftng ndm gin ddy va la thi trudng rit co Ipi thdvi dudng vdn chuyin ngdn.
Td chftc Ca phi Thd gidi du bao, tieu thu ca phe thd gidi nam 2015 la 147,2 trieu bao. Niin vu tdi ngudn cimg ea phe se thieu hut 5 - U trieu bao, nguyen nhdn la do giam san lucmg d cae qudc gia san xull ca phi 16n va nhu elu tieu thu ca phe thd gidi tang.
Theo Viin Chinh sach va Chien lupc phdt triin ndng nghiep ndng thdn, dien tieh ca phe Viet Nam duy tri b mftc
626.000 ha, san lupng dat 1,3 ttieu t&. Gid ed phe nidn vu 2014 - 2015 tang trai quy ludl ia vao vu mdi gid thudng giam. Tuy nhien, se giam vao nfta ndm 2015.
Theo dng Luong Vdn Tu, Chu lich Hiip hpi Ca phe - Ca cao Viet Nam, nganh ca phe ehd bidn se ddi mat vdi mdt sd thach tiifte. Nam 2015, Viet Nam chmh thftc md cfta thi trudng vdi eae nudc ASEAN. Theo dd, d c qudc gia se cd nhidu eo hdi dlu tu vao thi trudng cd phi ehe bidn cua Viet Nam, tao ap lire eanh tranh.
Ben eanh dd, 6 hiep dinh thuang mai tu do dang dam phan (TPP, FTA vdi EU, Nga...); tiii trudng tidp tue md cfta rdng rai eho d c doanh nghiep dlu tu nude ngoai dlu tu vao Viet Nam. Mat khdc, thud nhdp khiu ddi vdi loai ca phe ehe bidn tai cdc thi trucmg EU va mdt sd nudc khac rdt cao (tai Dftc thud ddi v&v ca phd ehd bidn len ddn 2 euro/lkg).
Theo Tdng ctie Hai quan, Viet Nam cd khoang 100 doanh nghiep tham gia xuit khiu d phi
l a | £ ^ i n h $d2-Ky2niANGi/zoi5
THI TRirOfNG GIA CA nhdn. Trong tdng sd 30 doanh nghiep xuit khiu ca phe Viet Nam cd kim ngach ldn thi ed ddn
14 doanh nghiip ed vdn ddu tu nude ngoai (FDI). Sd lieu tdng hop cho tiidy, trong nien vu 2013 2014, Cdng ty cd phin Tap doan Inlimex vdn la doanh nghiep cd kim ngaeh xuit khiu cd phi nhan ldn nhdt Viet Nam, Tdng edng ty Tin Nghia d vi tri tiift hai vl Cdng ty TNHH Louis Dreyfus Commodites, don vi cd vdn dlu tu nudc ngoai, xdp vi tri tiiftba.
Cdc doanh nghiep xuat khdu ca phi nhdn dang vudng thd
"gong kim" trudc su canh tranh khdc liet cua ede doanh nghiip FDI vd ttong nd luc chen chdn dd ttd thanh nhd cung ftng tiuc tidp eho cdc nhd rang xay nudc ngoai.
Ong Li Ttdn Hftng, Tdng giam ddc, Chu tieh HDTV Cdng ty TNHH MTV Xuit nhdp khiu 2-9 Dak Lak cho bidt, nhftng nhd xuit khiu ldn dang rll eln ttai ed phi chit lupng tdt dd bdn vdi gia cao, chft khdng ky vpng ban true tiep eho ede nha rang xay nudc ngoai. Ong Hung nhdn dinh, cd mdt sd khd khdn, vudng mic ttong khdu bdn hang tiUc tiep nhu: (i) Cd nhimg hpp ddng thanh todn trong vdng 240 ngdy k i tft ngdy thuong lupng. Nhu vdy, doanh nghiep bd ra mdt ddng vd'n thi gin mdt ndm sau mdi thu hdi dupc; (ii) Doanh nghiep mudn giao hang thdng 1/2015 tiii tiidng 11/2014 phai cd hang mdu di giii di, khach hang chdp nhdn dupc mdi lam hang.
Do dd, rll khd khan cho doanh nghiip khi thue hien ban true tiep ea phi rang xay; (iii) Ngoai ra, cdn mdt khd khdn khdc la d c nha rang xay nudc ngoai chua chdc mua tit d ca phi tft mdt ddu mdi cua Viet Nam. Ben canh dd, cdc doanh nghiip phai thdng qua cde cdng ty ttimg gian d i dam bao ngudn nguyen liiu dupc
eung d p kip thdi, eho nin khdng thi bo khdu ban ining gian di thay bang ban true tii'p.
Thay ddi de vupt qua thach thftc Theo dng Phan Minh Thdng, Tdng gidm ddc Cdng ty ed phin Phuc Sinh, vu mfta ca phi ndm 2013-2014, Viet Nam da ed mdt kdt qua khd tdt vdi mftc gia dn dinh, doanh thu nganh ca phe kha cao. Tuy nhien, viic kinh doanh ca phe hien nay khd khd khdn.
Ong Thdng nhdn dinh, mudn phdt triin, chung ta phai thay ddi rit nhiiu v i hinh thftc kinh doanh. Theo dd, d e cdng ty cd phe xuit khiu d n chu ddng tham gia d c hdi chp triin lam ttrin the gidi di tiiam khao ca phi thd gidi dupe bdn nhu the nao? Hien nay, cd rdt nhiiu doanh nghiep kinh doanh ca phe nhimg chfta phdn biit dupe d phe tdt hay ea phe ehua tdt. Vi vay, rit khd ed the ban dupc gia cao.
Theo mdt sd chuyin gia trong nganh ca phi, nien vu 2013 - 2014, ca phe ttong nudc nhftng dpi idt gid tham hai, cd luc gia clii cdn 30.700 ddng/kg. Tuy nhien, ddn nhiing thdng cudi nam gid ca phi da tang ttd lai va du bdo se dn dinh ttong nam 2015 khi ngudn eung tft thi tiudng ea phi ldn nhdt Brazil cd su giam sftt. Du bao gia ca phi se b miic tten 40.000 ddng^g. gia xuit khiu se ttdn 2.000 USD/tin.
Theo dng Nguyin Thanh Toan, Phd Tdng giam ddc Cdng ty cd phin giam dinh ca phi vd hang hda xull nhdp khiu, chit lupng ca phe la d i tai gdy ttanh cai hang chuc nam nay. Chit lupng dupc quy dinh dcm gian (ehu ydu dtia vao hat den, v5, kich cd hat) nen khdng phan anh dung gia tri dich thuc eua nd. C^
nhieu nguyen nhdn ddn ddn chit lucmg giam sut nhu dinh dudng vudn cdy, tudi ddi, dich binh, ca
elu gidng, qud ttinh thu hdi, bao quan, ehd bidn. Cdc cdng ty xuit khiu chua cd dinh hudng md rdng chd bidn thu gom qua tuoi di chd bidn ca phe nhdn ngay tft khi ngucrt ddn thu hdi. Trong cdc nien vu trude tdp ttung ehu ydu Id eae ehiing loai ca phe cd quy d e h va chdt lupng don gian ehua mang lai gid tri eao. Nhung 3 nam gan ddy, d c doanh nghiip diy manh dlu tu nha mdy, hi thdng chd bidn hien dai, ket hpp vdi ddu tu tdi canh cua ngudi ndng dan va doanh nghiep nin chit lupng d phi Viet Nam ttong nhftng nien vu gin day cd nhiing chuyin bidn ro net.
Ong Todn eho bidt, d e cdng ty nudc ngodi thu mua ca phi Viet Nam ngdy cang cd nhftng quy dinh khdt khe hon ve tieu ehuin va chit lucmg, quan tdm nhiiu hon ddn ca phe chd bidn udt, danh bdng, khdng den. Mat khac, d e nha rang xay cd xu hudng quan tdm ban ddn chi din dia ly \4 cd phe cd xuit xft mang thuong hiiu "Ca phd Ban Mi Thudt". Do dd. cdc co quan quan ly, doanh nghidp chd bidn x d t khiu cdn quan tdm va dinh hudng chit luong x d t khiu phft hc^ vdi xu hudng thi trudng tiid gidi. Khdch hdng yiu d u mdt sd ndi dung nhu an toan ve sinh thuc phlm, ky ndng bao vd va quan l^
tai nguyen tiiiin nhien, ttinh dd san xuit ciia ndng ddn.
COng theo dng Toan, d n khuydn khieh cdc doanh nghiep, td chftc. cd nhdn tham gia lien kdt hodc hd ttp tdi ehinh ddn ndng ddn ttong tdi canh, cham sde, thu hai, sa chd vd bao quan di ndng eao chit luong ea phe xudt kh^u.
Ben canh dd, d n cd cac giai phdp khac phuc nhu xay dtmg chidn lupc phdt Iridn cho nganh d phe, tidp tue hd ttp d c chuong ttinh xfte tidn tiiucmg mai va xay dung tiiuong hieu • lajf^iinh stf 2-KV2THANG1/2D15
