Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 41 nam 2012
THUC NGHIEM MOT SO BIEN PHAP KHAC PHUC TINH TRANG BIENG AN TAM LI CUA TRE TU I F)EN 3 TUOI TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
HUYNH VAN SON TOM TAT
Bdi viCi dS cap hieu qud viec khdc phuc tinh trang bieng an tdm li cua Ire tir 1 din 3 tudi thdng qua cdc bien phdp tdc dqng trong mo hinh thuc nghiem. Can cu ddnh gid hieu qud thuc nghiem tap trung vao loai biing an tdm li ca hdn dugc xdc lap a tre, viec ddnh gid hieu qud ciia cdc bien phdp tdc dpng se tap trung vao cong cu ddnh gid chu yeu trong nghien cicu cu thi Id su thay ddi hanh vi ldm li khi an ciia tre. Ket qud cho thay tinh trang biing an cua tre trong nhom thuc nghiem da giam di khd ro sau thuc nghiem.
Til khoa: bilng an tam li, tre lir 1 din 3 tuoi, khSc phuc, khac phuc tinh trang bieng an tam li.
ABSTRACT
Experimenting measures to remedy psychological anorexia of children aging from 1 to 3 in Ho Chi Minh City
The article discusses the effectiveness of the remedy for psychological anorexia of children aging from 1 to 3 through affective measures in experimental models. Based on the evaluation of experiments focussing on basic psychological anorexia of children, the evaluation of affective measures will focus on impact assessment tools. The results show that psychological anorexia in the experimental group has decreased considerably after the experiment
Keywords: psychological anorexia, children aging from 1 to 3. overcome, overcome psychological anorexia
1. Dat van de
De dap img nhu cau phat trien ve the chat, tre phai dugc cung cap day dii ve dinh dudng. Liic mdi sinh ra, neu sire khoe cua phu huynh va Ire binh thudng thi sti'a me la ngudn thiic an ehinh va duy nhat CLia tre. Thong thudng, khi duge gSn mpt tuoi, nguon eung cap dinh dudng cho tre ehuyen dan lir stra me sang cac ngudn cung cap tCr ben ngoai nhu stra va cae loai thiic an - thirc udng khac. Liic nay, cho
PGS TS, Tru-ang Dai hoc S u pham TPHCM
tre an khoa hoc \a hieu qua la mpt yeu cau quan trpng ddi vdi nhtrng ngudi lam cha me. Tu\ nhien, trong thyc te, day khong phai la mpt viec dl dang, nhat la trong xa hoi hien dai, khi ma phu huynh CO qua nhieu sy lua ebon ve thiic an eho tre cpng vdi nhiing thdi quen khac nhau gitra cac tre khi an udng. Trong qua trinh nudi con, hau hit phu huynh deu gap phai nhtmg kho khan trong viec cho tre an. Co nhtrng trudng hgp, bira an trd thaiih noi am anh khong chi cua diia tre ma con eua phu huynh. Khi do, diia tre khdng dugc cung cap dii chat dinh dudng cho nhu cau
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Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Huynh Vdn S&n
phat trien eua ea the, cd thi din din bi suy dinh dudng hoae cham phat trien.
Thyc le nghien eiiu trong dl tai
"5ie« phdp tdm li khdc phuc khi tre bieng an trong giai doan tir 1 den 6 tudi" cho thay, so lugng tre rat bieng an va kha bieng an chiem ti le eao (54,58%). Tre bieng an la mdt khd khan, thach thire, mpt ganh nang ve mat tam li eho ngudi lam cha, lam me vi nhtrng lo lang ddi vdi sy phat trien trudc mat cung nhu lau dai cua tre. [4]
Ddi vdi tre tir I den 3 tuoi, kha nang nhan tbiic, ghi nhd va tinh cam ciia tre phat trien manh me, eae tien de eho sy binh thanh va phat trien nhan each da eo ban duge binh thanh ma dac trung la hien tugng khiing hoang tuoi len 3. Vdi nhung dac diem nhu vay nen hanh vi an uong eiia tre het sire phirc tap, ddi hoi phai eo sy tae ddng kheo leo, khoa hpc va hgp li cua ngudi Idn.
De khae phyc linb trang bieng an bang nhiing bien phap trudc mat cung nhu lau dai, thi nhimg bien phap co ban xuat phat tir ngudi me va cac van de xoay quanh hanh dpng chuan bi cho tre an, cho tre an va xir Ii nhiing tinh hudng kbi cho tre an hay tiic tre cd dau hieu bieng an tam li la nhiing bien phap chu yeu.
Nhtmg bien phap tac dpng cd the thyc hien dd la thay ddi nhan thiie cua ngudi tdn ve siic khde va dinh dudng cua tre, thay doi each eho tre an hay cd nhtrng bien phap kich thich tre Idii an... Nhung bien phap nay da dupe khao cuu ve tinh can thiet va tinh kha thi. Trong do, ndi bat nhat ta bien phap tac ddng ve mat tam li ma dac biet la kich thich tam li tre khi
an. Day la bien phap kha hieu qua ma cac phu huynh deu cho rang rat can thiet va rat kha thi; do do can tien hanh thir nghiem tren thyc te de tien hanh nhan rpng trong cong ddng.
2. Giai quyet van de
Thuc nghiem nham kiem tra bieu qua viec khac phuc tinh trang bieng an tam li cua tre thdng qua cae bien phap da de xuat vdi nhiem vu thuc nghiem ta: tien hanh md hinh thuc nghiem tren nhom khach the dupe ehpn Ipc, kiem tra tinh hieu qua cua mo hinh thue nghiem dya tren ket qua danh gia va eong cu danh gia. Khach the thue nghiem bao gdm:
Nhom thuc nghiem: Gdm ba muoi tre bieng an tir 20 den 40 thang tuoi. Sau kbi khao sat va danh gia linb trang bieng an lam li ciia Ire thi tiep tuc ehpn loc va thue nghiem tren tre de danh gia hieu qua thyc nghiem.
* Nhom ddi chimg: Gdm ba muoi Ire bieng an tir 20 den 40 thang tuoi. Cac khach the nay khong nhan su tae dpng tir cac bien phap thyc nghiem.
* Giai han vd pham vi thuc nghiem nhu sau:
- Chi bam sat vao mo hinh phan loai bieng an tam li ca ban d tre va ling dung bien phap tac dpng tuong ung; chi lap trung vao loai bieng an tam li co ban duge xae lap d tre ma khdng quan lam nhieu den loai bieng an tam li khac (neu cd).
Viec danh gia hieu qua eiia eae bien phap tac ddng se tap trung vao edng cu danh gia ehii yeu trong nghien cim, cu the la hanh vi tam li khi an ciia Ire dugd thay doi bay chua ma khdng phai dua
51
Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Sd 41 ndm 2012
tren su mong moi ciia phu huynh hay so lugng thirc an tre an. Co the dc cap den mo hinh thuc nghiem da nghien cuu [5]:
Mo hinh thuc nghiem dugc xac dinh dua tren chuoi nghien cim lua chon.
Xac d|nh mic dp bieng an
A s i r o M ( III M ,
MIOM 1 F<l, ( N ( , i r i r M
Phan loai biing an
Xac dinh mire tiC, h\it\-^ an
( H U S H \ l^l^^ I'livi'
Theo lofli t>i£ng an
Theo nguyfin
nhSn
TEST + Ql ANSAl MAC Tin C NGHIfM
^ m vi^e vdi phy huynh
1 i^n hanh Ian lirijt img bien phap
X^c d|nh 1(11 muc ii) bifng
Ti6n hanh EWngM cac bifn ph^p
So do 1. Md hinh thuc nghiem khdc phuc tinh trang bieng an tdm H a tre tir 1 den 3 tuoi De dinh hudng tac dpng mot each
bieu qua vdi timg tre bieng an trong tinh binh thyc le, cd the mo binh hda timg tac ddng thyc nghiem ling vdi timg loai bieng an lam li eiia tre tir I den 3 tuoi.
Dya tren sau loai bieng an tam li ma de tai xac lap (an khong dii lugng thirc an can thiet, thdi gian an qua lau - tren 30 phiit, hoc 16 nhung cam xiic tieu eye.
hanh vi tranh ne, hanh vi chdng doi, phan
ling sinh li). nghien cim se danh gia xem timg tre gap phai loai bieng an tam li nao.
Tren co sd dd, sau khi thyc nghiem, day cung la edng eu danh gia lai xem tre con bieu hien cu the nao khi da tac dpng bang md hinh thue nghiem tuong img vdi loai bieng an tam ti eu the [6].
Cd the md ta bang danh gia thirc nghiem (trudc va sau thuc nghiem) nhu 6 bang 1 va2 sau day:
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Huynh VanScm
I. Ddnh gid tinh trang bieng an tdm li cua Ire tir 1 den 3 tuoi theo timg loai Loai 1: An khong dii lu'ong thu-c an can thiet
Cau 1. Be co an it, an khong du nhu cau dinh dudng cua lira tuoi?
Cau 2. Be chi chiu an vat, an tbiic an it dinh dudng?
Cau 3. Be ed ken ehpn, chi an mpt it loai thiic an?
An rat it (dudi nira chen) An kha it (hon nua chen) An con luong doi it (1 chen) Rat thudng xuyen (6 lan/ngay trd len) Kha thudng xuyen (4-5 ISn/ngay) Ciing luong doi nhieu ian(2-3 lan/ngay) Rat ken loai thirc an (an dudi 3 mon) An dugc mot sd loai (an dudi 6 mon) An dupe cac loai nhung khong nhieu (dudi 9 mdn)
DiSm 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Loai 2: An qua lau
Cau 4. Be ed ngam thirc an lau trong mieng ma khdng chiu nhai, nuot?
Cau 5. Be co de bj phan tam trong khi an?
cau 6. Be cd an qua lau (tren 30 phiit/biia)?
Ngam rat lau (5 phiit trd len/ muong thiic an)
Ngam kha lau (tir 3-4 phiit/ muong thirc an)
Ngam tuong doi lau (1-2 phiit/ muong thiic an)
Rat de bo an khi gap kich thich nhieu (pbim boat hinh, do choi...)
Kha de bo an khi gap kich thich nhieu Cling hay bo an kbi gap kich thich nhieu Khoang 60 phiit
Khoang 45 phiit Khoang 30 phiit
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Loai 3: Boc Id cam xuc tieu cu'C
Cau 7. Be co td ve sg an, the hien sy cang thang khi an?
Cau 8. Be co to ve kho chiu khi den biia an?
Cau 9. Be ed khoc kbi thay thiic an?
Rat so hai Kha so hai Co ve so hai Rat eau CO Kha kbo chiu Co ve khd chiu Khoc du dpi Khdc to Meu
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ,50 4i nam zui2
Bang 2. Ddnh gid tinh trang bieng an tdm li cua tre tir 1 den.3 tudi theo timg loai STT Bi^u hifn hinh vi Rat thu'dng
xuyen
Kha thucmg xuyen
Thinh thoang Loai 4: H^nh vi trinh n^
1 2 3 4 5 6
Chay iron khi chuan bi tdi biia an Gia bi benh, keu no de tranh an Doi diii thirc an khSe, che mgi thirc an deu dir/khong an dugc
Uan ngucri, ni tranh
Nam va, thu nguoi, khong giao tiep Tranh ne hoat dpng an bang cich lay li do dang tham gia hoat dpng khdc (dang choi, doi xem ti-vi xong...)
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
Loai 5: Hanh vi chong doi 1
2 3 4 5 6
Ngam chat mieng Phun thirc an Co tinh lam do thirc an
La mang, cau ban vai nguofi cho an To ve hung hang, ham dga Danh nguoi cho an
3 3 3
2 2 2
3 2 3 i 2 3 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 Loai 6: Phan ung sinh If
1 2 3 4 5 6
Toat mo hoi, bien sac, tho gap khi sap an Hay bu6n non khi nhin thdy thuc an Hay dau bung khi nhin thay thirc an Bi non (6i) khi an
Kho nuot Sac, ho
3 j 2 3
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 Can cir tren mo hinh li thuyet thue
nghiem de tai de xuat, nhom nghien cim da t'lin hanh ap dung tren khach the thuc nghiem dugc lua chon trong thoi gian bon thang (tii thang 12-2011 den thang 3- 2012). Quy trinh thuc nghiem bat dju tir viec khao sat truoc thuc nghiem dk xac dinh mire do va loai bieng an ciia tre d6n viee trao doi, huong dan phu huynh cac bien phap thuc nghiem va sau ciing la khao sat, danh gia sau thuc nghiem.
Theo thiet ke frong mo hinh thuc nghiem, img voi moi loai bieng an se co nhimg bien phap tac dpng rieng va chuyen biet. Qua khao sat thuc tS thi m6i dira tre khi bj bieng an thucmg se co nhiju hon mot loai bieng an. Nhirng loai bijng an thudng gap va thudng di liSn vcji nhau do la thdi gian an qua lau, an khong dii lugng thirc an cin thiet va hanh vi ne tranh [7, tr.8]. Ben canh d<3, co mot vai tre se co nhtrng phan img sinh li di kem voi nhihig cam xuc tieu cue. Trong
54
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Huynh VanSffn
nhiing trudng hgp dac biet nhu khi Ire cam thay bi ap lye mot each qua miic, tre CO the cd nhiing hanh vi chong ddi lai ngudi eho an nhu danh lai hoae gat do thuc an... Xuat phat tir thuc te dd, de tai da ap dung md hinh thyc nghiem mdt each mem deo nham phii hgp vol thue te tinh trang bieng an ciia tre nhu sau:
Moi loai bieng an van co nhiing bien phap tae dpng chuyen biet rieng.
Ben canh dd, co mpt so bien phap se dupe ap dyng chung cho cae loai bieng an khae nhau nhu bien phap choi diia ciing tre trudc khl an de tao bau khdng khi vui ve, ban che cac yeu to gay nhieu, cat bdt cac loai qua vat, treo phan thudng de tre kich thich tre. Day duge gpi la nhung bien phap giao thoa, co the ap dung de khae phuc cho cae loai bieng an khac nhau.
Bieu do 1. So sdnh muc do bieng an
Vdi each ap dung mo hinh nhu tren, d^ tai se khong di sau phan tich, danh gia hieu qua ciia timg bien phap thuc nghiem ma se dya vao muc dp eai thien tinh trang bi^ng an ciia tre de khang dinh ve tinh hieu qua chung ciia eae bien phap thue nghiem da de xuat. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh khao sat va phan tich k^t qua, eung can luu y tach biet mdt each tuong ddi nhiing bien phap khae phuc tinh trang bieng an tam li ciia tre theo timg loai bieng an de phy huynh cd the de dang ap dung, nhat la ddi vdi nhiing dira tre chi ed bieu hien eiia mpt loai bieng an nao do.
2.1. Kit qua thuc nghiem xet tren binh dien chung
Sau qua trinh thyc nghiem, ket qua khao sal cbo thay tinh trang bieng an ciia tre giam di mpt each dang ke dupe the hien qua bieu do I sau day:
cita tre trudc vd sau thuc nghiem
Tnj'6'c thyc nghiem Sau thyc nghiem
Bieu do I eho thay, sau khi thyc nghiem, mire dp bieng an ciia tre da giam di rd ret. Neu nhu trudc khi thuc nghiem, diem trung binh (DTB) miie dp bieng an ciia tre la 1,23 - tuong img vdi mire bieng an kha n ^ g thi sau thyc nghiem, DTB mire d6 bieng an giam xudng eon 0,47 -
nam trong mire bieng an nhe. De lam rd hon ket qua nay, de tai da su dung kiem nghiem Wilcoxon nham co the khang dinh sy khac biet ve DTB miic dp bieng an cua tre trudc va sau khi lien hanh thyc nghiem la co bay khong ed y nghTa ve mat thong ke (xem bang 3).
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Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCIVl Sd 41 ndm 2Ul2
Bang 3. Kiem nghipn Wilcoxon ve su khdc biet mire do bieng an cua tre truac vd sau thyc nghiem
Stt 1
N^i dung Mire dg bieng Sn
BTB tra&c th^'C nghiem
1,23
DTB sau thuc nghiem
0,47
Sig 0,005 Bang 3 cho thay, vdi dp tin cay
95%, miic y nghTa quan sat phi tham so thu duge ta 0,005, dieu nay chiing td da cd sy khac bipt y nghTa ve thdng ke giira DTB miic do bieng an ciia tre trudc va sau thyc nghipm. Dilu nay chiing t6, sy chuyen bien ve mire dp bieng an ciia tre dudi tac ddng ciia cac bien phap thuc nghiem la thyc chat va kbdch quan.
Cimg vdi nbting so lieu thdng ke, de tai da lien hanh phdng van nhihig phu huynh co con tham gia thyc nghiem v^ su chuySn bien trong viee an u6ng ciia tre ciing da thu dupe nbting danh gia tich eye tir phu huynh. Chi T.T la me eiia be Nhi - be co mire dp bi8ng an nang nhat cbo biet: "Tdi rat hdi long ve su chuyen bien trong viec dn udng cua chau. Truac day, chdu rdt bieng dn, nhdt Id thai gian dn qud lau khien tdi met mdi mdi khi cho chdu dn. Chdu thudng xuyen co thdi quen ngam thirc dn trong mieng md khong chiu nuot. Luc dd tdi chi biet ndn ni vd cha dgi chdu dn vl da thir nhieu cdch tir nhe nhdng den la mang chdu md chdu vdn khdng chiu dn. Khi dirge huang ddn nhirng bien phdp trong luc cho chdu dn.
toi da cd gang thuc hien theo vd ihdv co
su chuyen bien ro ret. Chdu da khdng con the hi^n su chdn ndn, khd chiu khi den bira dn nira md ngtcgc lai, chdu rdt hao hung vai nhiing trd chai trong khi dn. Nha vay md chdu dn nhanh hem, it ngam thuc dn vd dn dugc nhieu han".
Ket qua khao sat sau thyc nghiem cung ghi nhan dugc nhimg dir tieu tuong tu nhu vay. Neu nhu trudc thyc nghiem, hau bet tre dIu an rk lau, khdng chju ha mieng de ngudi ton diit thirc an va khong cam lha\ thoai mai khi an thi sau qua trinh thyc nghiem, tre da cd nhiing dap ling rat tich cue. Tre da ehiu ha mieng de ngudi Idn dut ihiic an, an nhanh hon va an dugc nhieu hon. Co the do thdi gian thyc nghiem chua dii dai nhung trong pham vi ciia de tai \ a vdi nhirng ket qua budc dau thu duge la rat dang khich le.
2.2. Ket qud thirc nghiem xet theo timg log! bieng dn
Khi xem xet tinh trang bieng an cua Ire sau thdi gian thyc nghiem theo timg loai bi§ng an ciing cho thay nhtmg ehuyen bien het siic kha quan. Ket qua thdng ke duge the bien qua bieu do 2 dudi day:
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- i ;
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Huynh Van Sirn
Biiu do 2. So sdnh miic do bieng dn cua tre theo tO-ng loai bieng dn trudc vd sau thuc nghiem
XUC tieu
-TruCTc T N trSnh _ » _ S a u n e
T N
Bieu dd 2 cho thay, sau thyc nghiem, tat ca cac loai bieng an ciia Ire deu giam dang ke. Trong so sau loai bieng an, loai an qua lau giam nhieu nhat (chenh leeh DTB la 1,3), thu nhi la an khdng dii (chenh lech DTB la 1,0), thir ba la hanh vi ne tranh (chenh lech DTB la 0,71), thii tu la cam xiic tieu eye (cbenb lech DTB la 0,6), thii nam la phan ling sinh li (chenh lech DTB la 0,52) va giam it nhat la hanh vi chdng doi (chenh lech DTB la 0,41).
Ba loai bieng an giam nbleu nhat dd la: thdi gian an qua lau, an khdng dii lupng thiic an can thiet va hanh vl ne tranh. Day cung la rihting loai bieng an thudng gap nhat d tre. Nhu da phan tich, mpt diia tre thudng khong chi co mpt loai
bieng an ma se co mdt so loai bieng an di lien vdi nhau giong nhu nhiing phan ling day ehuyen, co loai bieng an nay se keo theo loai bieng an khac nhu an lau thi se an dupe it va khong muon an... Do vay, nhiing bien phap ma de tai ap dung eung lap trung ehii yeu vao nhiing loai bieng an nay, ket qua co sy giam di rd ret ciing la dieu de hieu. Doi vdi nhiing loai bieng an con lai nhu cam xiic lieu eye, hanh vi chdng doi va phan ling sinh li ciing da co sy suy giam dang ke.
De CO the ket luan ve linb khaeh quan va linh gia tri ciia su giam di ve miic dp trong tirng loai bieng an, de lai da sir dung phuong phap kiem nghiem phi tham so, loai kiem nghiem Wilconxon va thu duge kel qua nhu bang 4 dudi day:
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Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCiyi Sd 41 ndm 2012
Bdng 4. Kiem nghiem Wilcoxon ve su khdc biet mire do bieng dn ciia tre truac vd sau thuc nghiem
stt 1 2 3 4 5 6
Loai bieng an An khc)ng dii lugng thirc an can thiet An qua lau
Boc Ip cam xuc tieu cgc Hanh vi tranh ne Hanh vi chong doi Phan img sinh li
BTB truoc thyc nghiem
1,80 2,13 0,80 1,26 0,66 0,75
DTB sau thu'c nghiem
0,80 0,83 0,20 0,55 0,25 0,23
Sig 0,005 0,005 0,017 0,008 0,007 0,028 Bang 4 eho thay ca sdu ioai bieng
an deu CO sy khac biet y nghTa ve mat th6ng ke, cu the ta: an khong dii tugng tbiic an can thiet (Sig = 0,005), an qua lau (Sig = 0,005), bdc Id cam xiie tieu eye (Sig = 0,017), hanh vi tranh ne (Sig ^ 0,008), phan img sinh li (Sig = 0,028) va hanh vi chong doi (Sig - 0,007).
Khi xet tinh bleu qua ciia cae bien phap thyc nghiem tren timg loai bieng an thi ca 6/6 loai bieng an da giam di mpt bac trong thang do miic dp bdn bac bieng an (miic dp rat nang, miic dp nang. mire dp kha nang, miic dp nhe). Trong sau loai bieng an, cd bai loai d mire do nang la an qua lau CO DTB la 2,13 va an khong du lugng thire an e^n thill co DTB la 1,80 thi sau thuc nghiem giam xudng edn 0.83 va 0,80 tuong img vdi miic dp kha nang. Ba loai bieng an edn lai (hanh \i ehdng ddi, phan ling sinh li, boc Id cam xiic tieu cue) trudc thyc nghiem dIu cd DTB tren 0,5 - tuong img vdi miic kha nang thi sau thyc nghiem, giam xudng edn dudi 0,5 - tuong img vdi mire nhe.
Rieng loai bieng an co hanh vi ne tranh - cd DTB trudc thuc nghiem la 1,26 thi sau thyc nghiem giam edn 0,55 - ciing d muc
kha nang nhung da cd sy chuyen dich kha rii ve diem sd, DTB miirc dp bieng an da nghieng \e dau miit ciia hai phia kha nang va nhe. Neu chi nhin vao tri tuyet ddi cua cac sd lieu, cd the nhan djnh rang miie dp bieng an eiia tre giam di khong dang ke vi chi chenh nhau mpt miie do.
Tuy nhien, thyc te thi day la mot kel qua rat dang mimg, vi \di tre bieng an, nhal la nhung tre bieng an nang thi chi can tre chju an hon mdt cbiit da la mdt niem vui Idn ddi \di eac bac cha me. Ben canh do, do nhung han che \ e mat thdi gian, dieu kien cung nhu kinh phi thyc nghiem nen nhirng ket qua dat dugc ban dau nay ciing la mgt tin hieu bet siic kha quan, khong chi khang dinh tinh diing dan ciia nhiing bi^n phap thuc nghiem ma edn md ra nhiing co hdi nghien cuu chuyen sau hon de khang dinh tinh ben virng eua mo hinh thue nghiem.
2.3. Ket qud thirc nghiem xet theo tittig tre trong nhom thtrc nghiem
Ngoai tac ddng tren timg loai biSng an, nhtmg bien phap thue nghiem con dugc the hien tren timg dira tre. Kit qua dd duge the hien d bieu dd 3 sau day:
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Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Huynh VanSffn
Bieu dd 3. So sdnh mire do bieng dn truac vd sau thuc nghiem tren timg tre trong nhom thuc nghiem
0 44 0 42 ~Q^ a 3 6 ~
Thugn Nhgt Ngan \ ^ Trang Quy Trpng Duyen Tam - T r u ' d c T N - ' - S a u T N
Ket qua eho thay ea mudi tre nhom thue nghiem deu ed nhirng dap ling ddi vdi eac bien phap thyc nghiem. Neu nhu trudc thue nghiem, bay trong mudi tre ed mire bieng an kha nang thi sau thuc nghiem giam xudng con miic do nhe.
Rieng ddi vdi be Nhi, trudc thyc nghiem cd miic bieng an nang thi sau ibyc nghiem giam xudng edn miic kha nang.
Doi vdi be Duyen va be Nien, dii rang trudc va sau thyc nghiem deu co miic dp bieng Sn kha nang nhung sau thuc nghiem da co sy giam di dang ke ve diem sd. Ket qua nay mpt Ian niia d5 gop phan khang djnb tinb diing dan va hieu qua ciia eac bien phap thyc nghiem khac phuc tinh trang bieng an tam li d tre ma de tai da de xuat.
Tien hanh phong van mpt sd phu huynh de lam rd hon ket qua thyc nghiem thi da phan phu huynh dSu td ra hai ldng vdi tinh trang hien tai ciia tre. Mot trudng hgp khac, chi H.A, me ciia chau Duyen
cho biet "Con gdi tdi dugc 15 thdng tudi nhimg do chdu ldm bieng dn nen chdu khong map len dugc. Do chdu khdng an dugc cam hat nen tdi phdi xay nhuyen thuc dn md chdu vdn luai dn. Cu dn dugc vdi muong Id chdu khdng chiu dn. Nhung . cUng cd khi chdu ndi hiing thi lai dn dugc nhieu han md khdng can phdi ep budc gi cd. Tuy nhien, lau ldm mai cd truang hgp nhu vay con thuong Id chdu luai dn. Sau khi dp dung cdc bien phdp thuc nghiem, tdi thay chdu cd nhimg chuyen bien nhdt dinh, chdu da chiu dn han mgt chut dii rang vdn con dn tuang doi lau. Du sao thi kit qud nay cung ddng mirng rdi. Tdi se tiep tuc dp dung cdc bien phdp dugc huang ddn de cd the cd kit qud tich cue han"
Nhirng phu huynh ciia cac be con lai trong nbdm thuc nghiem cung da ghi nhan nhirng ket qua tich eye sau khi ap dung cac bien phap thyc nghiem ma de tai da xay dyng va hudng dan thyc hien.
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVt So 41 nam 2012
Hau bet cae bac phu huynh deu to ra rat hai 16ng ve sy lien bd cua Ire va san sang tiep tuc sir dung eac bien phap da dugc hudng dan, vdi mong muon cai tbipn nhieu hon niia tinh trang bieng Sn eiia tre.
3. Ket lu|in
Ket qua thyc nghipm cho thay tinh trang bieng an ciia Ire trong nhom thyc nghiem da giam di kha ro. Tat ca cae loai bieng an ciia tre deu cd xu hudng giam di dang ke. Trong so sau loai bieng an, loai an qua tau gidm nhieu nhat, giam thir nhi la an khong dii, giam thir ba la hanh vi ne tranh, giam thii lu la cam xuc tieu eye, giam thir nam la phan irng sinh li va giam
it nhat la hanh vi chong ddi. Ba loai bieng an giam nhieu nhat do la thdi gian an qua lau, an khdng dii lugng thirc an cln thi§t va hanh vi ne tranh eung la nhtmg loai bieng an thudng gap nhat d tre. Ket qua kiem nghiem phi tham sd, loai ki^m nghiem Wilconxon cbo thay ca sau loai bieng an co sy khac biet y nghTa ve mai thdng ke. Ket qua phan tieb tren timg tre cung eho thay nhimg nhan dinh tuong ly Noi each khac, md binh thyc nghiem dugc xac tap trong nghien cuu da chiing td hieu qua va gia tri thuc tien trong vin de khac phuc tinh trang bieng an tam li eua tre tir 1 - 3 tudi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bp Y te (2006), Dinh duang vd ve sinh thuc phdm, Nxb Y hpc.
2. NguySn Lan Dinh (2006), Chdm sdc vd dinh duang cho tre tir 0 din 6 tudi, Nxb Y hpc.
3. Le Thi Mai Hoa, Le Trpng Son (2009), Gido trinh dinh duang tre em, Nxb Dai hpc Supham Ha Npi.
4. Huynh Van Son (2011), Bien phdp tdm li khdc phuc khi tre biing dn trong giai doan tie I din 6 tuoi, De tai nghien ciiru khoa hpc cdp co sd, ma s6: CS.2011.19.124, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham TPHCM.
5. Huynh Van Son (2012), Thuc nghiem mot sd bien phdp khdc phuc tinh trang biing dn tdm li a tre tic J den 3 tudi, Dg tai nghien cim khoa hoe cdp ca sd, ma s6:
CS.2012.19.01, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham TPHCM.
6. Huynh Van Son (2012), 'Thuc trang viec sii dung cac bien phap khac phuc tinh trang bi&ng an tam li d Ire tir 1 den 6 tu6i cua cac phu huynh hien nay". Tap chi Tdm li hoc.
7. Abigail H. Nalenshon (2011), Young & Anorexic, USA.
8. Agras S., Hammer L., McNicholas F (1999), A prospective study of the influence of eating-disordered mothers on their children, USA.
9. Edmunds H., Hill AJ (1999), Dieting and the family context of eating in young adolescent children. USA
10. hflp //viendinhduong vn
(Ngay Toa scan nhan diioc bai 23-5-2012. ngdy phSn bi^n danh gia 01-6-2012 ngay chip nhan dang 23-7-2012)
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