Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCH/I So SO nam 2013
TICH HOP DAY KI NANG DQC, VlfeX CHO HQC SINH LdP 2 TRONG v d BAI TAP TV* NHIEN VA XA H Q I 2 VA TAI LIEU "ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 2" (ES2)'
PHAM PHU'ONG ANH' T6IVI TAT
Bdi bdo phdn tich, nhgn xet vd so sdnh hu&ng tich hgp vi$c dgy Id ndng dgc viet Irong Vd bdi tgp Tu nhiin Xd hgi 2 (VBTTN&XH 2) vdi hu&ng tich hgp trong Idi lieu
"Essential Science 2 " (ES2) di thdy duge sg Iuang ddng, khde biet giira hai tdi lieu; lir do ldm liin di cho viec xdy dgng hf thdng bdi tap Tg nhien vd Xd hgi 2 (TN&XH 2), hd Irg phdt Irien kindng dgc, viel cho hge sinh (HS) lap 2.
Tir khda: tich hpp, let nang dpc, IcT nang viSt, Tu nhiSn va Xa hpi, lop 2.
ABSTRACT
Integrating teaching reading and writing skills for Grade 2 students In Nature and Society Workbook 2 and the material "Essential Science 2" (ES2) This article analyses, comments and compares integrating leaching reading and writing skills in Nature and Society Workbook 2 to that in Essential Science 2 Student's Book (ES2). This investigation aims al figuring out similarities and differences between them in order to form a basis for constructing a system of exercisesfor Nature and Society 2 subject, and supporting Ihe development of reading and writing skills for Grade 2 students.
Keywords: integrate, reading slcill, writing sltill. Nature and Society, Grade 2.
1. D^t van de
Clarlc (2002) cho ring "Tich hgp Id cdch lu duy trong do cdc mdi lien kel dugc tim kiem; do vgy, lieh hgp ldm eho viec hge chdn chinh xdy rd" [9]. Theo quan niem do, tich hpp trong giao dye duoc xem nhu mpt ySu to tjt y^u cila qua trinh hpc tap vdi viec tim kiem cac m6i lien he va kk n6i cac )din thiic. Nho do, HS dupe hpc tap toto dien ca vi \ain thiic lln kT nang. Ciing vol sg: phat triin ciia xa hpi, djnh hucmg day hpc theo quan diem tich hpp dupe thS hi?n ro trong nhiem vg, nguyen tic xay dyng chucmg trinh, bien soan tai lieu, phuong phap day
HVCH, Truing Bsi hoc Su pham TPHCM
hpc va dupe phan anh mpt each cu the, sinh dpng trong sach giao khoa, cac tai lif u b6 trp.
O b$c tieu hpc, chuong trinh mon Tu nhien va Xa hpi (TN&XH) dupe cJu tnic tren quan dilm tich hpp theo huong dong tam: Chuang trinh kSt hpp ba chii de Ion Tu nhien - Con nguoi - Xa h6i thanh mpt the thong nhit co mfli quan h?
qua lai. Cac kien thtic trong mon TN&XH la su tich hpp kiSn thiic cua nhieu nganh khoa hpc ty nhien va khoa hpc xa hpi. Dac biet, h? thflng kita thiic, kT nang trong chuong trinh dupe phat trien tii thiip den cao thong qua vi?c mpt chu de duoc mo rflng va nang cao dan theo cac iop...
Dflng hanh vol sach giao khoa, vci 86
Tap chl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phucmg Anh
bai tap noi chung la ngudn tai lieu giiip HS Cling cd va kh5c sau kidn thiic, kT nang. Thuc hidn nhiem vu do, co thd noi, vo bai tap TN&XH da chuydn tai kha tdt npi dung giiip HS ciing cd, phat tridn kidn thiic, kl nang mon hpc. Tuy nhien, ndu xet tren binh dien ren luydn kT nang ngdn ngii - nhi^m vu chinh ciia mdn Tidng Viet, ma cu thd han, trong bai vidt nay, chiing tdi xet den kT nang dpc, vidt, thiet kd cua vdf bai tap TN&XH, vin chua thd hidn r5 quan didm tich hpfp ren luydn them hai kT nang nay nham phdi hap vai mdn Tidng Viet trong nhidm vy ndu tren.
Sau giai doan hinh thanh kT nang giai ma va kha nang nhan di?n tu 6 lop 1, lop 2 la giai doan tre buac dau tidp can vai vide hpc dpc, vidt van - giai doan quan trpng cho phat trien vdn tii, vdn hieu biet ehung vd van hda, xa hpi. Do do, ndu thyc hien dupe vide tich hop kT nang dpc, vidt thdng qua he thong bai tap mdn TN&XH, Dao diic... ngay trong giai do£in n^y thi tre se cd mpt tien dd thuan lpi cho vide phat tridn. Cung can luu y rang ed rat nhidu ydu to gop phan vao qu^ trinh phat trien kT nang dpc, vidt cho trd (phuang phap day - hpc, sach va cac tai li?u...); va df bai viet nay, chiing tdi chi dd cap yeu td saeh va tai lieu voi mong muon chiing dupe xay dung, thidt ke tren co sdf tich hgfp dd phat trien ddng thoi kidn thiic, kl nang TN&XH va ki nang dpc, viet cho tre.
Vi$c xay dung he thdng bai tap hd tra vai myc dich ndu trdn ddi hdi su nghien ciiu day dii, cu the vd rat nhieu van de lien quan den vide d^y - hpe Tieng Vi?t, (X^y - hpc TN&XH, tam sinh li tre Ilia tuoi tieu hpc... eung nhu viec thu
nghidm, danh gia hi?u qua trong mdt thai gian dai voi su dau tu diing miic. Do do, trong khuon khd ciia bai vidt, chiing tdi chi de cap mpt khia canh nhd trong van dd vua ndu tren nham gop mpt cai nhin thuc te lam tidn de cho vide xay dung he thdng bai tap TN&XH hd tro phat tridn kT nang dpc, vidt eho HS lop 2. Do la phan tich, nhan xet va so sanh hudng tich hpp vide day kl nang dpc vidt cho HS lop 2 trong VBTTN&XH 2 voi huang tich hpfp trong tai lieu "Essential Science 2"
(Science, Geography and History) (ES2).
Cung can ndi thdm, vide Sii dung tai lieu ES2 dd so sanh voi VBTTN&XH2 xuat phat tir vide tim hidu tai lieu n§iy va mpt sd tai lieu hpe tap mdn Khoa hpc (Science) khae (Natural and Social Science 2, Top Science 2 Primary, Longman Science). Qua trinh tim hieu cho thay phan Icm cac tai lieu nay ddu duoc thidt ke trdn eo so co quan tam ddn vi?c ren kt nang dpc, viet eho HS va dupe thd hien cy the trong each trinh bay.
Tuy nhidn, tai lieu ES2 the hien rd net hon, tap trung hon 6 khia canh md rOng tir vyng cho HS bang nhieu con dudfng khac nhau, giiip HS timg buoc n4m ro eau tnic cau, doan va tgo moi truang dpc eho HS qua eac bai dpc, cac bai t^p voi myc dich vira nhan manh kidn thiic khoa hpc, vira phat trien kT nang dpc, viet cho tre.
Trong pham vi ciia bai bao, chiing tdi se tap trung vao vi$c so sanh va phan tieh huong tich hpfp ren kT nang dpc, viet trong VBTTN&XH2 va tai lieu ES2 dd c6 thd dua ra nhung n h ^ dinh ban dau gop phSn dinh huong cho vide xay dung bai tap TN&XH theo huang tich hpfp
87
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI SS SO ndm 2013
trong thai gian sau nay. Va vi the, viee so sanh tuong quan cu the giOa tai lieu ES2 voi eac tai lieu hpc tap mon Khoa hpc (Science) khac se duac chiing tpi trinh bay trpng mpt bai vi6t khac.
2. Cau true sach giao khoa, VBTTN&XH 2 va mon Science 2 (Khoa hge 2)
2.L Chuang trinh mSn TN&XH 2 dugc ca cau trong 35 tuin v&i ldng sS tiet Id 35 (1 tiit/tudn)
Sach giao khoa (SGK) TN&XH 2 dupe ciu tnic theo 3 chii ii, mfli chii de CO cae bai hpc vol sfl lupng khac nhau:
Con nguoi va siic khoe (10 bai), Xa hpi (13 bai), Tu nhien (12 bai). IVIfli bai hpc dupe trinh bay gpn trong 2 trang mo liSn nhau de HS tien theo doi.
Tren co so c^u tnic chung ciia chuong trinh va SGK, VBTTN&XH 2 cung dupe CO cau trong 35 tuan vai tflng sfl tiSt la 35 (1 tiSt/tuin). Tuy nhien, cac bai on tap sau mfli chu de khflng dupe the hien trong VBTTN&XH 2 (bai 10, bai 23, bai 34 - 35). Nhu vay, VBTTN&XH 2 bao gom 31 bai, mfli bai ling voi mpt don vi hpc. Moi don vi hpc co nhieu cau hoi khac nhau dupe thiSt kS gpn trong mflt trang don. Cac c&u hfli trong VBTTN&XH 2 dupe danh sfl thii ty &i HS va giao vien (GV) tien theo doi.
Cac thflng tin cung cap cho HS thflng qua SGK mfln TN&XH 2 va VBTTN&XH 2 gflm cac kiSn thitc, kT n ^ g lien quan den doi sflng tu nhien, xa hpi thflng qua cac bai hpc nhu sau: ® Chil de "Con ngu&i vd sue khde" gom cac bai hpc: Co quan van dpng; Bp xuang; He co, Lam gi de xuong va ca phat trijn tflt?, Co quan tieu hoa, Tieu
hoa thiic an. An uflng diy dii. An, uflng saeh se, Bi phong benh giun, Oil tap:
Con nguoi va site khoe. ® Chii de "Xd hgi" gflm cac bai hpc: Gia dinh, Dfl diing trong gia dinh, Giii sach mfli truong xung quanh nha oi, Phong tranh ngp dpc khi a nha, Trucmg hpc, Cac thanh vien trong nha trucmg, Phong tranh nga khi 6 trucmg, Thuc hanh: Giu trucmg hpc sach, dep, Duong giao thflng. An toan khi di eac phuong ti?n giao thflng, Cupc sflng xung quanh, Cupc sflng xung quanh (tiep theo). On tap: Xa hfli. ® Chii di "Tu nhien" gflm cac bai hpc: Cay song 6 dau?, Mpt sfl loai eay sflng tren can, Mpt sfl loai cay sflng duoi nuac, Loai vat song a dau?, Mflt sfl loai vat sflng tten cjn, Mpt sfl loai vat sflng dual nuo'c, Nhan biSt eay cfli va cac eon vat. Mat Troi, Mat Trcri va phuang huong, Mat Trang va cac vi sao. On tap: Tu nhien.
2.2. Chuang trinh mSn Khoa hoc (Science) trong lii lieu ES2 duac ca eau v&i tSng sS tiit la 35 (1 tiet/tudn)
Theo do, tai lieu dupe ciu tnic thanh 13 bai hpc. Mfli bai hpc bao gflm nhieu tieu mue vol npi dung lien quan chat ehS.
Cac eau hoi nhfl trong timg tieu muc dupe thiet ke tren mpt trang don, sau moi cSu hoi cung cfl ki hieu the hien hoat dpng ehinh ma HS thye hien trong cau hoi. Cac thflng tin cung cip eho HS thflng qua tat.
lieu ES2 gflm cac ki^n thiic, kT nang lien quan den dori sflng tu nhien, xa hfli thflng qua cac bai hpc: The seasons (Cac miia).
The body (Co the). Living things (Nhiing sinh vat sflng). Plants (Thyc v^t), Animals (Dpng v$t), More animals (Cac
loai dflng vat khac), Nature (Ty nhien), Materials (Cac loai vat lieu), The sea
Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Phgm PhirangAnh
(Bien), Town and country (Ndng thdn va thanh thj). Cities (Thanh phd). Jobs (Cdng vide), Tools and machines (Dyng eu va may mdc).
3. Cac d^ng bai t^p trong VBTTN&XH 2 va tai lifu Essential Science 2
VBTTN&XH 2 vd tdi lieu ES2 bao gdm cdc dgng bdi tap da dgng dan xen ldn nhau. Do Id:
Ndi: Ndi hinh ve (hoac d chO) voi hinh ve (hoac d chii) sao eho phii hpp. Dang bai tap lam viec vdfi "sticker" trong tai lieu ES 2 cung la mdt dang ciia bm teip ndi.
Diing/Sai: Danh d4u x hoSc vidt chit D vao d D truoc cau tra ldi diing, chii S vao D trude cau tra lofi sai
Dien vao chd trdng: HS didn tir/
cum tir vao chd trdng trong mpt cau/
doan.
Lya chpn: HS chpn mdt dap an
diing nhat tir cae dap an da cho. 6 dang bai tap nay, ddi khi HS cung duoc yeu cau lua ehpn nhieu dap an diing trong mdt loat cac dap an dupfc cho.
Viet: HS dupfe ydu cau viet tii/cym tir sau khi quan sat mdt hinh anh dd chii thich cho eae phan ciia hinh anh do. Hoac HS duac yeu cau vidt tir/ cym tir dd hoan thanh bang cho san. Dang bai tap vidt cung duac thd hien dudi hinh thiic tra ldi cau hdi tu luan.
To mau: HS ve va td mau theo ydu cau ciia eau hdi.
Ve so lugng vd mirc dp phdn bo cua dgng bdi tap duge sir dung trong VBTTN&XH 2 vd tdi lieu ES2, dua theo vide phan chia cac dang bai tap nhu da ndu, tien hanh thdng ke cac cau hdi trong VBTTN&XH 2 va tai lieu ES2, chiing tdi thu dupe ket qua nhu bang 1 sau day:
Bdng L So lugng vdphdn trdm edc bdi tap su dung trong VBTTN&XH 2 vd tdi lieu ES2
Bii tap ^ ^ ^ ^ N6i Diing/Sai Dien vao cho trong
Lira chpn
ViSt Til Cau Doan van To mau CQNG
So lirgng ES2
27 0 16 30 17 10 2 15 117
VBTTN&XH 2 16
4 7 16 17 4 1 4 69
Phan tram (%) ES2
23,1 0 13,7 25,6 14,5 8,6 1,7 12,8 100
VBTTN&XH 2 23,2
5,8 10,1 23,2 24,6 5,8 1,5 5,8 100
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T9P chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI SS 50 nam 2013
Bang 1 cho thay ca 2 tai lieu deu sir dung tat ca cac dang bai tap nhu da neu tren. Diflu nay thS hien su phong phii, da dang cae hinh thurc kilm tra, danh gia kit qua nhan thire kiln thiic, kT nang cua HS a ca 2 loai tai lieu. Ngoai ra, cung theo bang tren, co the thay 3 dang bai tap duac Sli dung nhieu trong ca hai tai lieu la ndi (23,1% dfli voi tai lieu ES2 va 23,2% dfli vol VBTTN&XH2), lua chgn (25,6% dfli voi tai lieu ES2 va 23,2% dfli vai VBTTN&XH2) va viil ;»• (14,5% dfli vol tai lieu ES2 va 24,6% dfli vol VBTTN&XH2). Co thi noi, 3 lo?i bai tap nay dupe sii dung vol mat dp cao la vi chiing CO hinh thirc thi hien da dang, co kha nang kilm tra dupe kiln thirc cua HS ca a mirc dfl khai quat lin chi tilt.
Mat khac, khi xet din 3 dang bai tap dien vdo ehd trdng, viet edu va viil dogn, so lieu or bang 1 cung cho thiy sfl lupng cua cac bai tap nay trong tai lieu ES2 (diln vao ehfl ttflng - 13,7%i, vilt cau - 8,6%, vilt doan - 1,7%) nhilu hon so vol cae dang bai tap nay trong VBTTN&XH2 (diln vao chfl trong - 10,1%, vilt cau 5,8%, vilt doan - 1,5%). Viec phan tich dl thiy ro vai tro ciia cac dang bai tap nay cung nhu cae bai tap khde dfli vdi viec ren kT nang dpc, viet ciia HS se dupe phan tich cu thi a mue 4 duoi day.
Mpt diem cin lini y trong bang tren la tong so lupng bai tjp cila 2 tai lieu khflng that su tuong ximg. Tuy nhien, dieu nay co thi li giai la do tai lieu ES2 dupe Sli dung dflng tho-i nhu SGK va va bai tap mfln Science (Khoa hpe); trong khi chuong trinh TN&XH 2 lai bao gflm
2 tai lieu sii dung rieng: SGK mfln TN&XH va VBTTN&XH phuc vu cho SGK. Mat khae, bai viet chii yeu phan tich ve vai tro phat trien kT nang dpc - viet ciia cac dang bai tap TN&XH, noi each khac la chii y phdn tich each thuc thi hien y tuong va quan dilm tieh hgp kT nang dpc - viet trong cae bai tap cua VBTTN&XH 2 va tai lieu ES2. Va vi thi, tflng sfl lupng bai tap khflng that sir giir vai tro quan trpng trong van de nay.
4. Ti'ch hgrp kl nang dgc, viet trong VBTTN&XH 2 va ES2
Viec tieh hpp day kT ning dpc, vilt qua mfln TN&XH (dfli vol Viet Nam) va mon "Scienee" (Khoa hpc) (dfli voi quflc te) la nhu cau can thiet va dupe the hien ro trong muc tieu, dinh huotig xay dung chuang trinh. Do dfl, VBTTN&XH 2 va tai lieu ES2 deu co chung muc dich tich hpp phat triln kT nang dpc, vilt cho Ue thflng qua he thflng bai tap TN&XH vcri cac hinh thiie da dang dan xen. Tuy nhien, thiet ke cua hai tai lieu co nhimg su tuong dong va khac biet nhit djnh trong viSc thi hien quan diem tieh hpp nay.
4.1. Vi viec tgo mdi tru&ng m& r^ng von lir, gidp HS hiiu rd cau trdc cSu, dogn
(I) Bai tap dien vdo chS trong Vai dac diem co the kilm tra kiln thiic ciia HS mflt each thue su, d?ng bai tap nay duac sii dung trong ca 2 tai lieu duoi hinh thiic ehuin myc thflng thuflng:
HS dien vao cac ehfl trflng trong mflt eau/
doan van. Dilm khac biet trong viec thiit ke loai bai tap nay thi hien flr viee eung cip til dl diln vao eho trflng. Tiln hanh
90
T?p chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Phinmg Anh
thing ke eae bai tap djing diln vao chfl.
trong ma HS duac cung cip sin tit vol bai tap d^ing nay nhtmg HS khflng dupe
cung cap san tir, chiing toi thu dupe ket qua nhu bang 2 sau day:
Bdng 2. Sd lugng vd phdn trdm edc bdi lap dien vdo ehd trdng cd cung cdp tir vd khdng cung cdp tir Irong VBTTN&XH 2 vd ES2
Bai t§p --.^.^^^^
Co cung cip tir Khflng cung cap tit
CQNG
So lirorng ES2 2
5 11 16
VBTTN&XH 6 1 7
Phan tram (%) ES2 2
31,3 68,2 100
VBTTN&XH 85,7 14,3 100 Bang 2 cho thay phan Ion cac bai tap dien vao chd trdng trong VBTTN&XH 2 (85,7%) ddu eung e4p sin tir cho HS. Dac biet, is day, sd lupng tir cho sin tuong iing vdi tir eon thieu. M^t khae, tat ca nhihig bai tap dien vao ch§ trdng nay dugc thiet ke dudfi d§tng dien tir edn thieu trong mpt cau va cac cau nay co the dupe tach roi (eau 2, bai 1, tr.l; cau 3, bai 3, tr.3; cau 2, bai 19, tr.l8; cau 2, bai 31, tr.31) hoac kdt ndi voi nhau trong mpt do^n (e^u 2, bai 5, tr.5; cau 1, bai 6, tr.6). (Xem hinh 1)
ISBI 1. Cti^n rj Irtxig Wxrg aS a ^ vSo oiS ' nwfv CO. eudOr^ co iMmg c) OU&i 'op do c Ja CO i))d Id va W Sv phfi. ngp cua ., vO ., ta
c> Co v<i tuoia dugc spl kl CO (fuan.
d o tich "JO
^Oodfrv ,
m rho CO thg
m 1 Cnpn WTFono '•'•'X-Q vOiMnvOoetii _ ct>o rhch ngp
Co Quon Mu tnd pAm CO "*llnfi nvx qudn do dOV- MO' non ft4i gu vo coc tuv«n nftu PUO COe lurfn n ^ hoO n4i 'o coc <*c^
iMu noo vt <lg Itfr^n ruoc Doi NA lO oon W KI luV«iio
Hinh 1. Bdi tap dien vdo chd Irong du&i dgng dien tic cdn thieu Irong cdu vd Irong dogn & VBTTN&XH 2
Dieu nay cfl tac dung nhat dinh trong vi?c giup HS nhan ra dupe vi tri cua tir trong cau, ciia cau trong doan va n h ^ ra chi tiet trong ngij canh xae dinh de tao tien de t h u ^ lpi cho viec phat trien kT nang dpc va viet.
Trong khi do, phin lorn cac bai tap dien vao eho trflng trong tai lieu ES2 khong cung cip sin tir cho HS (68,2%).
Dl bo sung phin con thieu, tre phai tu
xac djnh tit/cum tir phii hpp. Dien hinh nhu cau 3, muc "What do animals eat?"
(Dpng vat an gi?), bai 4, tr.27 yeu ciu HS tu xac dinh va dien tir vao ehfl trflng trong cac cau: "A lion eats It is
"(Sutiran Nfl la ). Tir cin diln vao chfl trflng trong truang hop nay la "zebras" (ngua v5n) va "carnivore"
(dpng vat an thit). (Xem hinh 2)
T^p chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM SS 50 nam 2013
iitlaicds MTK
tknuff
Hinh 2. Cdeh thi hien edu 3. bdi -/, nmc "What do animals eat? "
Vide khdng cung cap tir san cho HS Of ngay cau hoi do khidn HS bupe phai van dung kien thue, vdn tir vung san cd hoac tri giac ve mat hinh anh dd tim kiem tir vung tuong iing va su dung. Didu nay gop phan to Ion trong vide phat trien kha nang va tri nha ngdn ngii cho tre. Cung can luu y mdt didu la tai li?u ES2 khdng cung cap tu true tiep cho tre trong cau hdi, nhung rat kheo leo trong vide cung cap va khac sau tir ngir can diing cho HS trong dang bai tap nay thdng qua mot con duong khac. Cu the, truoc bai tap dien vao chd trdng, tai lieu thudng co mpt bai t^p gai mo va giai thidu truac tir cho HS mdt each tu nhien duoi nhidu dang thurc
khac nhau, chang han nhu mpt^bai dpc hoac mpt bai tap nhd co chira tir can dung Of bai tap sau. Vi du nhu cau 2, "What do animals eat?" (Dong vat an gi?), bai 4, tr.27 yeu cau HS ndi con vat vai thtic an eiia nd thdng qua vide nhin hinh, xem tir va noi. Dap an ciia bai nay la "lion" ndi voi "zebra", "shark" ndi vdfl "fish",
"horse" noi voi "grass"... Day la bai tap cung cap tir ngir cho cau 4 phia duoi de HS Sli dung vai yeu cau HS dien vao nhirng chd trdng nhu sau:
(1) A lion eats It is a
(Consu tiian No la ), (2) A shark eats It is a ....
(Con ca map an Nn la )...
I ^ ff-V
« K
M!i
Hinh 3. Cdch the hien can 2. hdi 3. miic "What do animals eat' Nhu vay, cfl thi noi, tai lieu ES2 di
theo trinh ty: thflng qua hinh anh dl giai thieu tir cho HS; sau do, HS su dung nhimg tir nay de hoan ehinh phin con thieu trong cau, trong doan dl tao thanh mpt cau, mpt doan hoan chinh. Dilu nay efl y nghta trong viec eung cfl, mo rpng vfln tit cho HS, giiip cac em cfl nln tang CO ban cho viec phat triln kT nang giao
tiep, kl nang dpc nhay ben va kT nang viet. Hon the, nfl cung eo tac dung trong V iec dan dit HS timg buflrc nim cac dem V i nhfl ciia bai van ma cac em se hpc de viet va sir dung trong thori gian sau nay.
Mat khac, viec iam nay ciing giup thuc hien trpn ven vai trfl ciia bai tjp diln vao cho trflng. Do la giup HS phat triln kha nang nam bit ngir eanh nha vao vi?c
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Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm PhirangAnh
phan tieh, tdng hcfp nhiing don vi ngdn ngii trong qua trinh lam bai tap. Vide sir dung quy trinh di tir hinh anh -^ tir ->
cau -^ doan dd cung cap tir vimg ddng thoi vai hinh anh minh hpa la mdt bien phap thuyet phuc trong vide tao mdi truong de HS n h ^ dien, ghi nhd tir vung de dang ban thdng qua vide tri nhan hinh anh tuong iing. Dieu nay phii hop voi dac didm tu duy true quan hinh anh cua HS lop 2 khi tiep e ^ cac khai nidm.
(ii) Bdi tap viit tu-
Ben canh bai tap vidt tir dd ehii thieh hinh, eae bai tap edn lai ciia dang bai tap nay d 2 tai lieu cung ed su khae
biet nhat dinh: Phan Idfn eac bai tap viet trong VBTTN&XH chua chii trpng den viec giiip HS hidu ro hon cau tnic cau thdng qua viec dien tir. Cu the, bai tap vidt tir trong VBTTN&XH 2 thuang dupe thuc hidn thdng qua vide lidt ke trong eau hdi tu luan (cau 2, bai 4, tr.4;
cau 1, bai 12, tr.ll; cau lb, bai !5, tr.l4;
cau 2, bai 17, tr.l6; cau 2, bai 18, tr.l7;
cau 2, bai 25, tr.23; eau 2, bai 24, tr.22;
cau 2, bai 28, tr.26; eau 2, bai 29, tr.27) hoac liet kd thdng qua bang bieu (cau 2, bai 11, tr.lO; cau 2, bai 12, tr.ll; eau 2, bai 14, tr.l3; cau 2, bai 15, U.14; eau 1, bail6,tr.l5). (Xemhinh4)
\wr
Hinh 4, Mpt so hinh time cua bdi tap viet tir trong VBTTN&XH 2 Tuy vay, vide liet kd tir 6 nhiing bai
tap nay khdng chu trpng phan kdt ndi tir trong cau de hinh thanh d tre bidu tuang ban dau ve eau \ a quen dan vdi cau true cau. Chang ban nhu cau 2. bai 11. tr.lO yeu cau HS "Quan sat viee lam eCia nguoi than trong gia dinh minh. em hay vidt vao chd ... trong bang sau". Theo do, bang dupe thidt ke thanh hai cpt. mpt cdt la
"cac thanh vien trong gia dinh" voi viec ghi sin "dng, ba, bd, me, ..." va mpt cpt
"cdng vide lam thuang ngay 6 nha" duge de trdng cho HS dien vao. Thidt nghT, trong trudfng hpfp nay, hai bd phan cau (chu ngii va vi ngir) da dupfc tach roi ra chir khdng con dimg ciing nhau de tao
thanh mdt cau (mdi bd phan nam trong mpt cdt rieng biet). Dieu nay ed the gay khd khan cho tre trong vide tiep xiic, ghi nhd cau tnic cau - mpt yeu td rat can thiet cho viec phat trien kl nang viet. Viec nay cd the khac phuc dupfc neu nhu trong qua trinh day hpc, sau khi HS hoan thanh bang. GV cho cac em dpc va viet lai trpn ven cau (vi du: "Ong thuang quet san."',
"Ba thuong phai ao."...). Tu> nhien, trong thuc te giang day, do khong dii thdi gian (35 phiit cho mdt tiet day kien thirc moi va lam bai tap), GV tieu hpc it khi quan tam den khia canh nay.
So sanh voi dang bai tap na\ trong lai lieu ES2, chung tdi cung nhan tha\ cd 9.^^
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM S6 50 ndm 2013
su khac bidt nhat dinh. O tai Heu ES2, thdng thuong, trong mdt chii diem cac cau dugc thiet ke theo cung mot miu cau gidng nhau. Dieu nay khidn HS dd nho cau tnic cau hon rat nhieu so vd-i viec dua nhieu dang mau cau vao eiing mpt bai tap. Vi du cho didu nay la cau 1, muc
"Pets", bai 2, tr.l9, yeu cau HS dpe thdng tin va hoan thanh bang ("Read the information. Complete the table.") vol hai bang roi, mpt bang chira cac cau can dien vao chd trdng va mpt bang hoan tat trong do cd ghi san cac cum tir nhat dinh
va dd HS didn vao. "Every day he ", "Every month ", Every year ". Hay nhu, cau 3, muc "A healthy body" (Mdt co the khoe manh), bai 1, tr.l2 ydu cau HS dien so vao cho ... vol cac cau dugc thiet ke nhu sau: "I am ... cm tall. I brush my teeth... times a day" (Tdi eao... cm. Tdi danh r&ig... lan mpt ngay.), "I sleep... hours a day. I do exercise... times a week." (Toi ngii... gid mdt ngay. Tdi tap thd thao... ISn mdt tuan). (Xem hinh 5)
. Read the infomiation. Complete the table. I f f ) @
( care for my dog, Goldy.
Every day r feed her and 1 walk her Every month my dog has her hair cut.
Every year I take Goldy to
Peter
Every v*^'^''
Complete the table with numbers. Make a class chart. O < ^
^
1 1 1 1 M 1 M 1 1 1 ! 11 M M 1 M 1 1
1 am ^ cm tall. 1 hnish mv tfinth i-imoc a Hay
^ '^^y- Every day, 1 drink glasses of milk.
1 M 1 M M 1 11 1 1 M 1 M M 1 1 1 t
Hinh 5. Mot s6 hinh thitc ciia bdi tap viit tir trong tdi lieu ES2 (ill) Bdi tap nil
Hai tai lieu co su tuong ding nhat djnh trong viec lira chpn hinh thiie cua bai tap nay: Da so cac cau hoi diu yeu cau HS nli 6 chO voi hinh ve, kha it cau hoi yeu ciu HS noi 6 chu vai 6 chii va nli hinh ve vol hinh ve. Tiln hanh thing ke hinh thitc nli cua bai tap nay, chiing toi thu dupe kit qua nhu 6 bang 3 sau day;
94
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm Phuang Anh
Bdng 3. Sd lugng vd phdn trdm edc hinh Ihuc ciia bdi lap ndi trong VBTTN&XH 2 vd ES2
Bai tap -~^^^^
Noi 6 chir voi hinh ve
Noi 6 chii vol 6 chQ
6 ehii la tir/ cum tir 0 chii la cau/ doan van 6 chir la tir/ cum tir 6 chii la cau/doan van Nli hinh vg voi hinh vg
CQNG
So lu-trag ES2
23 3 1 0 0 27
VBTTN&XH 2 10
3 2 0 1 16
Phin tram (%)
ES2 85,2 11,1 3,7
0 0 100
VBTTN&XH 2 62,5 18,75
12,5 0 6,25
100 So lieu a bang 3 eho thay phan Idfn
cae b^i t^p ndi d hai tai lieu duae thiet ke theo d^ng noi d ehu" vcri hinh ve, trong do d chu' 1^ tCr/ cym tir. Didu nay la phu hpfp vdi muc tieu mdf rpng vdn tir eho tre d giai dogn lap 2. CJ giai doan nay, vide hinh thanh, phal trien vdn tir eho tre gifl- vai tro quan trpng nham tao nen tang eho vi?e phat trien ki nang dpe giai ma, viet
cau, viet doan trong giai doan sau nay.
Cung cin phai luu y den yeu td hinh anh duoc hai tai Heu sir dung df dang bai tap nay. Viec hinh anh dupe sit dung ddng thai vai tir vung nhu mdt yeu td minh hpa la mpt bien phap hieu qua cho tre trong viec lam quen, nhan thiic va ghi nha tir vung vi HS lap 2 co dac diem tu duy true quan hinh anh. (Xem hinh 6 va 7)
Hinh 6. Bdi tap noi 6 chic v&i hinh ve trong VBTTN&XH vd tdi lieu ES2
95
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM SS SO nam 2013
1. What do these people do? Decide and match, %
-, \ teacher Safety ! \ lawyer
\ pnlirpman/DOllcewoman Other services ^ - ^ — deni st
M'-'""°-'"°~
1 miu RubiD ii6u pna 1
1 ^ . « _j
1 rdriu (,'K. 'n^cn Pa 1
1 «,»„»» 1 1 . « « , « 1
. » . ™>
1 HOC IOP. '*n lui-en. «^ ='"' | 1 eu»cKn«m.«trv. ( jatfu'«»nu«.d^'V>d»»v«|
1 Cfttfoo ** e'an. Bdo v# l<W m*)
1 Soo nt^ afino t^ tniau nl^n 1 a * ! noc, Bih lJ^^; IOP /*n iiir*o \
Hinh 7. Bdi tap ndi 6 chii v&i 6 chir trong VBTTN&XH vd tdi lieu ES2 4.2. Vi viec tgo moi tru&ng van bdn di
phdt triin lii ndng dpc, viet
VBTTN&XH 2 duoc thidt kd duoi dang cae bai tap thuSn tiiy, chua ehii trpng den viec day hpe phat trien kT nang dpe giai ma va tim chi tidt thdng tin tir cho tre. Co chang, tre chi dpc tren ca sdf timg tir, timg cau rdi rac trong bai. Trong khi do, df tai lieu ES2, trong moi bai hpc, d timg ehii dd, viec tao mdi trudng van ban de phat trien kT nang dpc, viet cho tre duoc chu trpng mpt each toan dien trdn mpi ydu td tir bai tap (chii trpng bai tap dien vao chd trdng khdng cung cap tir;
tao mdi trudfng de tre viet cau, doan) den van ban dpc 6 muc "Lood and do" (Nhin va lam).
Xet tren yeu td bai tap, neu nhu tai lieu ES2 ed 68,2% bai tap dien vao ehd trdng khdng cung cap tir thi VBTTN&XH2 ehi co 14,3% dang bai tap nay. Mat khac, neu bai tap vidt eau, doan
o tai lieu ES2 chiem 10,3% thi d VBTTN&XH2 chi cd 7,3% dang bai tap nay. Trong khi do, nhung dang bai tap nay la mot mdi trudfng thuan lpi de tre mdf rpng vdn tir, hieu ket cau cau, doan de hd trg cho viec phat tridn kT nang dpc, viet.
Xet trdn ydu td bai dpc d muc
"Look and do" (Nhin va lam), tai lieu ES2 kheo leo trong vide tao mdi trudng phat trien kT nang dpc cho HS thdng qua vide dpc doan van ngin vidt vd chu dS hpc hdm do. Doan van ngan nay trinh bay nhirng net co ban ve chii de, va nhung tir/ cum tii khoa hoc, gSn lidn vdi chii dd dupfe td dam dd HS ghi nho. Dieu nay giiip tre vira bd sung vdn tir vyng cho ban than vira nhan didn dupe eSu tnic cau, cau triic doan; vi tri, vai trd cua tir trong cau, vai trd cua cau trong doan. Mat khae, qua vide nhin va dpc, tre cung ddng thofi phat trien kT nang dpc tron, doe hieu.
(Xem hinh 8)
96
T?ip chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Phgm Phuomg Anh
How d o you travel in a cily?
Evetyljody can use public transport to move from one place to another Buses, bains, t a i t i i ano the mefao are forms
o l iKiblic transport <
Some people use private ! transport like cars and tucycles ' Vans and loines are enamples j of camrnarcial transport They are used to transport food and other goods
Btiiriii '
1 P ^
^^H
•i^fcr
'^m
Hinh S. Dogn vdn ngdn viet ve chu de "Animals in the sea" trong tai lieu ES2 5. Mgt vai y kien ban luan
Bang viec tim hieu, phan ticli \an dl tich hop kT nang doc, vidt thong qua npi dung, hinh thirc cae dang bai tap trong VBTTN&XH 2 va tai lieu ES2, cd the ndi, du cd myc dich huong vao vide phat tridn kT nang dpe, vidt cho HS, nhung cae dang thuc bai tap ciia VBTTN&XH 2 chua dupe thidt kd tren co sd chu trpng tich hop vide d^y hai kT nang nay eho. HS thdng qua vide lam bai tap mdn TN&XH. Hay ndi each khac, bai t§p kha nang ve viec cung cap, khae sau kien thirc khoa hpc mot each don thuSn trong khi viee phat trien kT nang dpc, vidt cho tre thdng qua viec hpe tap khoa hpe l^i dupe the hien mpt each md nhat. Didu nay it nhidu khidn HS mat di mot mdi trudfng hpc tap, co hpi hpc tap, ren luyen de phat trien them kT nang dpe vidt song song vdi vide tim hieu, bd sung kidn thure Ichoa hpe. Trong khi do, eung vdi muc dich neu tren, tai lieu ES2 thd hien vide chu trpng ren kT nang dpc, vidt eho HS timg bude thdng qua eac bai tap, bai dpc de md rdng vdn tir, hinh thanh va phat trien kT nSng nam cau true cau, cau tnic doan (t$p trung a vi?c sii dung d ^ g bai
tap dien khuyet khdng cung cap tir; eac bai tap viet cau, viet doan; cac bai doc ngan 6 mdi bai hpc nhieu hon so vdi VBTTN&XH 2)
Viec ren luyen, phat trien kT nang viet cho tre la mdt qua trinh lau dai ma neu dupfc thuc hien tdt, cd su phdi hpp ddng bp giira gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hdi thi tre sS phat trien eac kT nang nay mdt each toan di?n vdi nen tang viing chac. De lam dugc dieu dd, vide hieu diing de tim, bien soan, xay dung va xuat ban cac ngudn tai lieu, bai tap phii hpfp, sang tap thuc su la mdt vide lam ein thidt va cap bach cOa nganh giao due ndi rieng va cae ban nganh khac ndi chung trong su phdi hop nhip nhang vdfi gia dinh de tre cd dupe mdi truong va cdng cu hd trp hieu qua cho viec phat trien kT nang dpc, viet - hai kT nang rat quan trpng cho su phat trien va hdi nhap ciia tre. Cung can chii y rang cae ngudn tai lieu hd trp nay ndn da dang vd mat hinh thiic, chu dd va khdng chi gdi gpn trong mdi truang mdn hpe day tieng ma con trai dai mdt each h?
thdng, hop li voi mire dp phii hgp trong cac mdn hpc khac de qua trinh ren luyen ciia tre khdng bj gian dogn, mit can ddi.
97
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 so nam 2013
Trong khuon kh6 cua bai viet, dua tren co so nhimg van de da tim hieu, he th6ng bai tap Tu nhien va Xa hoi ho tro thigt kS tren muc tieu phat trien d6ng thai kiSn thilc khoa hpc tu nhien, xa hgi va kl nang dpc, viet co the chii y mpt so diem chinh nhu sau:
Tgo mdi tru&ng cho Ire ldm quen, nhdn Ihirc vd ghi nh& lir vung: Viec nay CO thS dupe thirc hien thong qua cac bai doc ngSn o dau/ cuoi phan bai tap ciia m6i bai. Cac bai dpc nay nen duoc thiet ki duoi nhiSu hinh thiic khac nhau (tho, van, truyen, cau do...), co npi dung gan lien vol bai hpc, co van dieu, ngan gpn, dl nho va de thuoc. Cac tu vung co lien quan din kiSn thiic khoa hpc moi trong bai dpc can dupe to dam de tre de nh$n dien va ghi nho. Ngoai ra, co the tao ra m6i truang ngon ngu cho tre bing each su dung hinh anh minh hpa tir, cau de tre CO the ghi nha tir tSt hon. Mat khac, cung can luu y den tinh ket noi giiia cac bai tap: tii vung 6 bai tap nay la nguon ngO lieu ciia bai tap sau. Co nhu vay, tre se co dieu kien dupe tiep can va su dung tu ngii nhieu lan. Viec nay giiip phat trien von tir va kT nang sii dung tir trong cac ngii canh xac dinh cho HS.
Tgo diiu kien cho HS ldm quen vd nhdn dien cdu true cdu: Cac bai tap can dupe thiSt k^ tren co so 16ng ghep tir vao cau, cau vao doan ii HS co (ni lam quen, nhan dien dugc vi tri cua tir trong cau, cau trong doan. Viec nay co Ipi cho HS trong vice dpc giai ma v6i kT nang nhan ra chi i\k trong ngii canh va kl nang viSt cau, viet doan sau nay. Dac biet, vdi d§c diSm tam 11, ngon ngit cua HS lop 2, cac cau dupe thia ke trong bai tap cSn ngan gpn, dl hilu theo nhiing miu cau don gian ma tre dupe tiep can trong mon Tiing Viet: Ai (cdi gi/con gi) Id gi?, Ai (cdi gi/eon gi) ldm gi?, Ai (cdi gi/con gl) the ndo?.
Nhu vay, vai nhiing ban luan trong khuon kh6 bai viet nay, tren ca so xJy dgng chuong tt-inh SGK mon TN&XH 2 theo huang tich hpp nhu da va dang lam, chiing toi hi vpng viec tich hop phat trien kl nang dpc viet thong qua he thong bai tap TN&XH se dupe cac nha giao due va cac nha su pham chii y hem trong thiri gian tai, de viec ren luyen kT nang dpc, viet khong phai ehi la "cupc dpc hanh"
cua mon Tieng Viet trong trucmg tiSu hpc.
Tai li?u nay dang duac sir dung nhu \k sach gido klioa vd vcr bdi t^p mon Science (Khoa hpc) cho hoc sinh lop 2 cua Truang Quoc te A Chau.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2010), Sdch gido khoa, V& bdi lap Tu nhien vd Xd hgi 2, Nxb Giao due. Ha Noi.
2. Hoang Thi Tuyet (2012), "Dao tao - day hpc theo quan dilm tich hpp: chung ta dang a dau?", Ki yeu Hgi thdo "Day hge lieh hgp & tieu hge: hien lgi vd Iuang lai", Trudng Dai hpc Su pham TPHCM, tr.l3-24.
3. Carrasquillo, A., & Rodriguez, V. (2005), "Integrating language and science 98
Tgp chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Phgm PhurcmgAnh
leaming". Academic success for English language learners, tr. 436 ~ 454.
4. Chung, C , Lam, Y. S,, & Leung, C. W. (2004), New Longman science. Hong Kong:
Longman Hong Kong Education.
5. Fay Shin, Robert Rueda, Christyn Simpkins, and Hyo Jin Lim (2009), "Developing Language and Literacy in Science: Differentiated and Integrated Instruction", Best Literacy Practices for Today's Multilingual Classrooms, Intemational Reading Association, tr.l40 -160.
6. Janet Varley, Cliona Murphy, Orlaith Veale (2008), Science in Primary Schools, Phase 1, Final Report, Research commissioned by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA), tr.l7-20.
7. Locke, Margaret (2007), Essential Science 2 Student's Book, Richmond Publishing.
8. Primary Education Department at Santillana (2010), Top Scienee 2 Primary, Richmond Publishing.
9. Ramsden, Joanne (2011), Natural and Social Science 2, Macmillan Education 10. Shawn M. Glynn and K. Denise Muth (1994), Reading and Writing to Learn
Science: Achieving Scientific Literacy, National Association for Research in Science Teaching, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ngird^i phan bien khoa hoc: TS. Ho^ng Thi Tuyet
(Ngiiy Ida so^n nh$n dirQC b^i: 15-4-2013; ngdyphSn bi$n dinh glA 22-7-2013;
ngdy chip nh$n dSng: 18-9-2013)
