-(!>b - /(^ ^ r/iong tin khoa hgc cong nghj^
BUOC D A U NGHIEN CLTU DA DANG SINH HOC BQ C H A N K H A C ( A M P H I P O D A ) 6^ VINH NHA TRANG
DiNH THI HA! Y E N , G R I N T S O V V.A.
I. DAT VAN DE
Vimg ven bidn Nha Trang, Khanh Hda rit da dang vd thanh phin thuy sinh vat bidn, trong do cd bp giap xac chan khac (Amphipoda), hay cdn ggi la ludng tuc.
Amphipoda thudc nhdm giap xac nhd sdng tidi ndi, sdng bam vdi cac loai gia thd nhu ca, san hd, bpt bidn, cac loai giap xac khac... Chiing cd vai tid quan trpng trong vide tao can bing sinh thai, lam thuc an cho ca, tdm, cua... Han niia, Amphipoda cdn dugc coi nhu la mgt thdng sd chi thi eho chat lugng mdi trudng nudc, tao ham lugng oxy cao giup eho cac td bao san hd phat tiien, hinh thanh cau tnic va da d?ng vd hinh dang cua ran san hd, giup phuc hdi ran san hd (Bd Thuy san, 2003; Aumont and Bopp, 2006; Chisholra et al., 2001).
Nhiing nghien cdu vd su da dang Amphipoda d vung bidn Viet Nam ndi chung va vinh Nha Trang ndi rieng cdn rat it. Tu rJiiing nam 70 cua thd ky 20 mdi chi cd mdt sd cdng tiinh nhu Imbach (1967), Dang Ngpc Thanh (1968), Murgulis (1968)...
edng bd 67 loai Amphipoda Gammaridae dugc xac djnh d yung bidn Viet Nam. Kdt qua nghien cim budc dau cho thSy cd 2 gidng mdi va 3 loai mdi cho khoa hpc thudc cac hp Phoxocephalidae va Melitidae (Dang Ngpc Thanh, 1968; Imbach, 1967;
Margulis, 1968).
Trong nhiing nam qua, Chi nhanh Ven bidn thUdc Trung tam Nhiet ddi Viet - Nga da cd nhidu nghidn ciiu cac ddi tugng nhu torn, ca, ddng vat than mdm, ddng vat khdng xuong sdng, ran san hd, cac tham thuc vat bidn, triing ea va iu trimg ca...
trong vinh Nha Trang, da dua ra cac tuyen tap atlat vd cau tide, chuc nang he sinh thai ven bd khu vuc vinh Nha Trang. Tuy nhidn day la lan dau tidn dd cap ddn nghidn cixu vd bd Amphipoda.
Vdi mue dich nghien ciiu vd thanh phan loai thudc bd Amphipoda d vjnh Nha Trang nhim hoan thien tap atlat vd da dMg thanh phin loai sinh vat ven bd vinh Nha Trang, eiing nhu nghidn ciru vai trd thanh phan loai cua Amphipoda trong vide phuc hdi cac ran san hd dang bj anh' hudng nghidm trpng, chung tdi da tien hanh nghien ciiu thanh phan cac loai thudc bd Amphipoda d khu vuc vjnh Nha Trang.
Trong pham vi nghidn ciiu budc diu cua dd tai, bai bao nay cung cap mdt sd dan lieu so bg vd thanh phan cac hg va gidng sdng d tiong cac mau nudc bidn thu tu nhidn va cac gia thd ma Amphipoda sdng bam. Kdt qua cua nghien euu nay cung cho thiy bd Amphipoda cd dac tinh ban ngay chiing sdng bam vao cac gia thd nhung ban ddm chung cd hidn tugng boi ndildn ra^t nudc d do sau tir 0 ddn 5 m.
II. PHXrONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
- Ddi tugng nghidn ciiu: Bd giap xac chan khac (Amphipoda).
- Dia didm thu mau: Hdn Mun, Hdn Tre, Hdn Ngc, Hdn Mdt.
-Thdi gian nghidn Cliu: Tu ngay 01 den ngay 28 thang 10nam2012.
106 jgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? nhi?t ddi. So 06, 03 - 2014
Thong tin khoa hoc cdng ngh?
2.1. Thu mlu va c6 dinh mau d thuc dja
- Phuong phap thu mlu: Mau Amphipoda dugc thu true tidp td vimg bidn vinh Nha Trang d nhidu thdi didm khac nhau tiong ngay (ban ngay va ban dera), vdi nhidu dja didra va sinh canh khac nhau. Man sau khi thu dugc rda sach, lgc qua ludi lpc cd mat ludi 0,5 rara va duge bao quan trong dung djch xd ly va cd dinh miu.
- Thu mau trong nudc bien vao ban ddm: Dung ludi Dzedi neo phia man thuydn, keo rd d cac do s§u khac nhau td 0 - 5 m trong thdi gian tu 18 gid den 24 gid, thu 50 lan/chuyen d cac dia didm.
- Thu mau trdn eae loai gia thd vao ban ngay: Lan thu mau san hd sdng, bgt bidn, san hd chet. Cac gia thd dugc dung tiong cac hop nhua cd chua dung dich xu ly va cd djnh raau.
- Dung djch xu ly va cd djnh mau: Nude bien va formalin 10% (vi day la nhirng sinh vat nhd ndn sd dimg vdi ndng dp nay miu Ididng bi bidn dang, giii dugc mau sic).
2.2. Phuong phap phan loai
Su dung cac tai lieu phan loai hgc co ban thudc bd Amphipoda eua cac cdng bd trudc day (Barnard and Karaman, 1991; Lowry and Hughes, 2009; Gurianova, 1951).
Cac mau cua Amphipoda sau khi phan tich so bd ddn hp hoac gidng d phdng thi nghidm t^i Chi nhanh Ven bidn se dugc tidp tuc nghidn cuu va phan tich tai Lidn bang Nga de ed ket qua chl tiet ban vd su da dang thanh phan loai.
Sd chuydn thu mau: 12 chuydn (4 chuydn thu mau tiong nudc bien vao ban ddm, 8 chuydn thu mau trdn cac gia thd khac nhau vao ban ngay).
HI. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Da dang Amphipoda trong tang nudc bien
Qua phan tich cac miu thu dugc tiong ting nudc bien, chiing tdi da xac djnh dugc cd 1 dai didn thugc phan bd Corophiidea va 9 hg thudc bd Amphipoda thd hidn d bang 1.
Bang 1. Thanh phan hp thude bd Araphipoda trong nude bidn TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten hg Synopiidae Megaluropiidae Dexaminidae Stenothoidae
Maeridae ° Photidae
Isehyroceridae Phoxocephalidae Podoceridae
Ten giong Megaluropus Paradexamine Stenothoe Photis Ericthonius Podocerus
Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghi nhi?t ddi. So 06, 03 • 2014
Thdng tin khoa hgc cong nghj
Hinh 1. Mdt sd hinh anh thudc bd Amphipoda thu dugc tu nudc bidn (A: Dai didn phan bd Corophiidea; B: Dai dienhg Podoceridae; C: Dai dien hp Stenothoidae)
Qua din Hdu d bang 1 chung tdi nhan thiy, vdi ket qua phan tich mSu ciia 4 chuydn tiiu miu tiong ting nudc tu 18 - 24 gid phat hien 1 dai didn la phan bp Corophiidea va 9 hp. Didu nay chung td thanh phin thugc bg Amphipoda tiong tang nudc bidn khu vuc vjnh Nha Trang rat phong phu va da dang, ed dac tinh sinh hgc la vao ban dem thudng boi ldn mat nudc.
3.2. Da dang Amphipoda tren mot so loai gia the 3.2.1. Gid tiii Bot biin
Nghidn cdu da dang thanh phan cac hp thudc bg Amphipoda tren 4 raau bpt bien khac nhau ciing da xac dinh dugc 9 hp. Kdt qua dugc thdng ke d bang 2.
Bang 2. Thanh phan cac hg thugc bd Amphipoda tien bgt bien TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten ho Oolomastigidae
Photidae Aoridae Leucothoidae Maxillipiidae Stenothoidae Oaprellidea
Isaeidae Melitidae
Ten giSng
Photis
Stenothoe
Ket qua d bang 2 cho thiy trong sd 9 hp dugc xac djnh thi cd 2 hg bit gap d tang nudc bien la Stenothoidae, Photidae; 7 hp phat hidn thdm: Aoridae, Leucothoidae, CaprelHdea, Isaeidae, Melitidae, Maxillipiidae, Colomastigidae.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc va Cdng ngh? nhi?t ddi. So 06, 03 - 2014
Thong tin Ifhoa hgc cong nghe ^ _ _ ^ ^
Bgt bidn dugc xem la mgt nganh cua dgng vat khdng xuong sdng, chiing sdng thanh quin thd ldn vd cd cac dOng vat nhd h ti sdng ky sinh de lam noi cu mi (Bhamrah and Kavita, 2003). Bgt bidn thudng an bing each hdt nudc qua cac Id chan Idng, nd di chuydn nudc qua ca thi, lgc ra nhflng smh vat nhd li ti dd lam thuc pham (Sharma, 2005).
Vdi sd lugng thanh phin phan Inai phan tich dugc tren gia the bgt bidn va dac diem cua gia thd bgt bidn cho thiy thanh phin phan loji cua bd Amphipoda rit da dang ya phong phii. Nd cung ia chudi thiic an dd nudi sdng quin thd bgt bidn, ddng thdi lay cae chit dinh duong tren ca the bgt bien de nudi sdng chinh nd. Day cd the la dieu kien sdng, sinh trudng va phat trien cda bd Amphipgda.
Hinh 2. Mdt sd Igji bgt bien da thu miu Amphipoda 3.2.2. Gid the San ho song
_ Qua phan tich 8 man san hd chan ngdng nhd (hinh 3: A) va 4 man san hd chan ngdng ldn (hinh 3: B), kit qua cho thiy thanh phin hg thudc bd Amphipgda khiS phgng phli (bang 3).
Bang 3. Da dang Amphipoda tren gia the san hd sdng TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten ho Maxillipiidae Amphilochidae Colomastigidae Stenothoidae Isehyroceridae
Dexaminidae Anamixidae Photidae Podoceridae
Ten giong
Stenothoe Ericthonius Paradexamine
Photis Podocerus
Gia thi San hd chan ngdng nhd, ldn
San hd chan ngdng nhd San hd chan ngdng nhd, ldn San hd chan ngdng nhd, ldn San hd chan ngong nhd, ldn San ho chan ngdng nhd San hd chan ngong nhd, ldn San hd chan ngong nhd, ldn San hd chan ngdng nhd, ldn
Tap chi Khoa hoc m Cong nghe nhiet tt&i, So06, 03 - 2014
Thdng tin khoa hgc cong nghe^
Ket qua thu duoc d bang 3 cho thay trong sd 8 raau san hd chan ngdng nhd va 4 miu san hd chan ngdng ldn cua gia the san hd sdng da cd 9 hg, ttong dd cd 5 hp bat gap d mau thu d trong ting nudc bien la Stenothoidae, Isehyroceridae, Dexaminidae, Photidae, Podoceridae; 2 hp bit gap d gia thd bgt bidn: Maxillipiidae va Colomastigidae; 2 hp phat hidn thdm: Amphilochidae va Anamixidae.
Ciing gidng nhu bpt bien, san hd ciing sdng theo mdt quan the ldn (Bhararah and Kavita, 2003) va Ipe nudc bidn liy thdc an la cac sinh vat nhd li ti nudi sdng ban than vi vay nd ciing la gia thd cua cac sinh vat nhd li ti lam noi cu tru (Sharma, 2005).
Didu nay cho thiy thanh phin cac hp cua Amphipoda d tren gia the san hd sdng ngoai cac hp bat gap d tiong tang nudc bidn va bpt bidn thi nd cdn da d ^ g ban vd thanh phan mdt sd hp trong bd Amphipoda sinh sdng.
3.2.3. Gid thi San ho chit
Khi phan tich su da dang thanh phan cac hp cua Amphipoda tidn 18 mau san hd chdt (hinh 3: C; bang 4) da xac dinh dugc dugc 17 hp, tiong dd cd 6 hp bat gap triing vdi mau thu d tiong tSng nudc bidn: Dexaminidae, Isehyroceridae, Maeridae, Podoceridae, Stenothoidae, Synopiidae; 2 hp bat gap d gia thd san hd sdng:
Ampithoidae, Colomastigidae; 4 hp bat gap d gia thd bgt bidn: Aoridae, Isaeidae, Melitidae, Leucothoidae; 5 hg phat hien them: Eusiridae, Iphimediidae, Lysianassidae, Oedicerotidae, Sebidae.
Bang 4. Da dang thanh phan cac hg cua Amphipoda tien gia the san hd chet TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Tenhg Synopiidae Dexaminidae Isehyroceridae Maeridae Podoceridae Stenothoidae Amphilochidae Colomastigidae Aoridae Leucothoidae Isaeidae Melitidae Eusiridae Iphimediidae Lysianassidae Oedicerotidae Sebidae
Ten gidng Paradexamine Ericthonius Podocerus Stenothoe
Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? nhiit ddi, Sd06, 03 - 2014
Thdng tin khoa hgc cong ngh?
0 gia thd san hd chdt, sd lugng hg ciia bd Amphipoda nhieu hon han so vdi tiong nudc bidn va d gia thd bpt bien, san hd sdng. Tuy nhidn, didu nay ciing chua chimg minh dugc sir phan bd tap trung cua cae hg tiong bd Amphipoda tiong gia thd san hd chdt, vi sd lugng mau gia thd san hd chdt thu dugc nhidu gap 2, 3 lan so vdi sd lugng mau bgt bidn va san hd sdng. Nhu vay, vdi kdt qua nghien euu budc dau da cho thay su da dang vd thanh phan hg cua bd Amphipoda ttong khu vuc vjnh Nha Trang.
Hinh 3. A: San hd chan ngong nhd; B: San hd chan ngdng ldn; C: San hd chdf IV. ICET LUAN
Kdt qua nghidn cdu bude dau da cho thay bg Amphipoda d vjnh Nha Trang rit da dang va phong phu vd thanh phan hg va didu kidn sdng.
- Trong cac man vat thu duge d cac tSng nudc bidn, eae gia the san hd va bgt bidn d vinh Nha Trang tiong thdi gian tu ngay 01 ddn 28 thang 10 nam 2012 da xac dinh dugc tdng cgng 25 hg cua bd Amphipoda la: Synopiidae, Megaluropiidae (gidng Megaluropus), Dexaminidae (gidng Paradexamine), Stenothoidae (gidng Stenothoe), Maeridae, Photidae (gidng Photis), Isehyroceridae (gidng Ericthonius), PhoxocephaHdae, Podoceridae (gidng Podocerus), Maxillipiidae, Amphilochidae, Colomastigidae, Anamixidae, Aoridae, Leucothoidae, CaprelHdea, Isaeidae, Melitidae, Maxillipiidae, Eusiridae, Iphimediidae, Lysianassidae, Oedicerotidae, Sebidae, Dexaminidae. Trong dd phd bidn nhat cd 2 hg bat gap d cac gia the la Colomastigidae va Leucothoidae.
- Cac dan lieu chiing td rang thanh phan cac hg cua Amphipoda sdng tiong tang nudc bien va cac gia thd khac nhau la khac nhau, trdn cac gia thd cd sir da dang thanh phan cac hg hon la d trong tang nudc bidn.
- Theo tinh chat cua quan thd san hd va bgt bidn thi bd Amphipoda cung ddng vai tid tiong chuoi thue an cua nd.
- Dd ed nhOng din lieu vd da dang thanh phin loai cu thd hon, chiing tdi se tidp tiic nghien cuu phan tich vd hinh tiiai, ciu tao ciia cac loai thudc bg Amphipoda, vai tid cua nd ddi vdi quin the san hd, bgt bidn.
Tgp chl Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi nhi?t ddi, Sd 06. 03 - 2014
Thong tin khog hgc cong nghf
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bg Thiiy san, Vien nghien cim nudi trdng Thiiy san I, Tuyen tap Bdo cdo khoa hoc ve nuoi trong thuy sdn, Nha xuat ban Ndng nghiep. Ha Ndi, 2003.
2. Dang Nggc Thanh, ZoologichesM Jumal, XL VH, 1968,2, t-.212-221 (Tidng Nga).
3. Aumont O., Bopp L., Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies, 2006.
4. Barnard J. L. and Karaman G. S., Rec Australian Museum, 1991,1.13(2):419-866.
5. Bhamrah H.S., Kavita J., An Introduction to Porifera. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD, 2003, 58. ISBN 9788126106752:58.
6. Chisholm S.W., Falkowski P.G., Oullen J.J., Dis-Crediting ocean fertilization.
Science, 2001, 294(5541):309-310.
7. Gurjanova E. F., Bokoplavwi morei CCCP, (Amphipoda Gammaridea), Leningrad (Ban tidng Nga), 1951.
8. Imbach M. 0., NAGA Report, 1967, 4(1):39-167.
9. Lowry J. K., Hughes L. E., Maeridae, Ihe Elasmopus group, Zootaxa, 2009, 2260, tr.643-700.
10. Margulis RJA, Zoologicchesski Journal, XL VII, 1968, 10, tr.1480-1488, (Ban tieng Nga).
11. Sharma N.S., Continuity And Evolution Of Animals, Mittal Publications, 2005, ISBN 9788182930186:106.
Nhdn bdi ngdy 15 thdng 02 ndm 2014 Hodn thien ngdy 24 thdng 3 ndm 2014
Chi nhanh Ven bien, Trung tdm Nhiet doi Viet - Nga
Tgp chi Khaa hgc va Cdng nghe nhiet d&i, 5606, 03 - 2014
