Ldm sinh
V T H I E T K E KHU VU'OfN TRONG THU' NGHIEM TAP DOAN CAY BAN DIA D^C TRUNG CUA CAC VUNG MIEN TRONG NVfdC
TAI RlTNG QUOC GIA DEN HUNG
Dang Van Ha', Hoang Van Sam^
TS. Trudng Bgi hpc LSm nghifp
^PGS.TS. Trucmg Dgi lioc Ldm nghifp T 6 M TAT
Khu vuon trong thit nghiem t|ip doSn cSy ban dia dgc trung cua cSc viJng mifin trong ca nuac tgi riing Quoc gia Den Hiing co dien tfch 9,5ha, thuOc phan khu sinh thii canh quan v& cai thien moi truong ciia khu Di tfch Hch sii Den Hting - Tinh Phu Tho da dupc B? khoa hoc va Cong nghfi, BQ Nong nghifip vk phat triSn nong thfin va Uy ban nhSn dSn tinh Phu Th? giao nhi^m vu cho Truong Dai hoc LSm nghiep trien kliai th^c hi#n trong khuon kho de t&i nghifin ciiu cap Nha nuoc "Nghifin cihi trong thii nghiem tap doan cay ban dja dgc tnmg ciia cfc viing mien trong cd nuoc tgi rirng Quoc gia Den Hting". Trfin co so nhi^m vy ciia dfi t&i, djc difim hien trgng dieu kifin l|p dja ciia khu vyic nghien ciiu, phuong an bo cyc canh quan khu vudn duoc chia thinh 9 phan khu chinh gom:
(1) Khu cay ban dja dgc tnmg vting Tay Bic. (2) khu cSy ban dja d | c tnmg viing DSng Bic, (3) khu cSy ban dia d^c trung viing Trung Tam, (4) khu cSy ban dja d3c tnmg viing iDdng bing Bic Bfi, (5) khu cSy ban dja dac trung vung Bac Trung Bfi, (6) khu c3y ban dja dgc tnmg vung Nam Trung Bfi, (7) khu cay ban dia dac tnmg vilng Tay Nguyfin, (8) khu cay ban dja d5c tnmg viing Dong Nam Bfi, (9) khu cay bin dia dac trung vilng Tay Nam Bfi. T6ng s6 loM cay trfing Irong khu vyc 90 lo&i (mfii viing 10 loii, mfii loii 50 cay), l i nhiing loii cay ban dja d$c trung cua cic ciing mien trong ca nuoc.
Til kh6a: Cdy bdn dja dgc trung, cdnh quaa cdy xanh, rung quSc gia Bin HUng, thiit ke, vung sinh thdi.
I. DAT VAN DE
C) nuac ta, viec nghiSn cuu xSy dung vucm cay bdn dja ph\ic v\i cho cong t^c nghien cuu khoa hpc, bao t6n ngu6n gen vh cung c3p nguon giong cay bdn dia cho trong rimg da dugc th\rc hiSn tir each day hern 40 nam.
Nhung nghien cuu xSy dung m6 hinh vuon trong tap dokn eSy ban dia dae trung eua ede vilng mien trong ci nuac de vua phuc vu cho nghien cuu khoa hQC, bao ton nguon gen lai vira e6 y nghia ve vSn hda, canh quan m6i trucmg v& tham quan du hch thi d^n nay mai chi ISn dau tien dugc nghien cuu a khu vuc rung Qu6c gia DSn Hung.
Nghien cuu thiet ke khu vuon trong thii nghidm tap doan eay ban dia dac trung ciia cac viing mihn trong ca nuac Id mpt trong nhihig chuy§n dh nghiSn eiru gop phan ldm co so thue hi?n cdc nhiem vy eiia de tai cap Nha nu6c:
"Nghien ctiu trong thii nghi?m t$p dodn cSy ban dja dSc trung ciia cdc viing mien trong cd nuoc t ^ rimg Qu6c gia Den Hdng" da duge Bp khoa hpc vd Cong nghe ph6 duyet va giao
nhipm v\i cho Trucmg Dai hpc Ldm nghiep trien khai thvrc hien tai Quyet dinh so 807/QD- BKHCN ngdy 25 thang 3 nam 2011[3]. Ben canh phuc vy cong cac nghien ciiu khoa hpc, bao ton nguon gen nhu edc vucm suu tap trong cdy bdn dja khac, khu vuan trong thii nghiem tap dodn eay ban dia tai khu rimg Qu6e gia Den Hung cdn nhdn manh dSn cdc y nghia van hoa, hai h6a ve cdnh quan, dae biet Id tdi hien ednh sac rimg d^c trung cac vting mien ciia ca nuoc hpi tu tai khu vuc khu Di tich lich sii D^n Hiing.
Vl vay, de cd dupe phuang an thiet kS phu hgp vdi nhi?m vu nghien ciru ciia de ldi va phu hgp vai d^c diem ty nhien eiing nhu tfnh chat dac thil ciia Rimg Quoc gia Den Htmg, y tuong thiet ke xay dung ciia khu vuan la: xay dimg khu vuan tro thanh mpt vucm cay bdn dja, co canh sdc cdy xanh dac tnmg gan vai cdc viing mien trong cd nudc gdp vd phdn da d?ng hda cdnh quan ciia khu Di tfeh ljch su DSn Hung.
Dong thai, ddy cung Id no! bao ton ngu6n gen cac lodi cdy cd gia tri phyc vu cong tdc nghien Cliu khoa hpc. Du khdch dSn tham quan vuan
Ti^P CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 23
Ldm sinh
eay khong nhimg cd thS tim hiSu ve gia tri edc lodi cay ban dia quy, dugc thuang thiic ve dep dac sdc cua ede lodi cdy eoi dac trung ciia cdc viing miSn ma eon dirge song trong long thien nhiSn vd c6 dugc nhung giay phut thdng hoa vh mat tinh thdn giup ich cho viec tiSp thu eac nOi dung van hda khdc lot han,
II. D 6 I TirgfNG, NOI DUNG VA PHirONG PHAP NGfflEN CUtI 2.1. Doi tirgng nghien cuii
Doi tupng nghiSn ciiu chii ySu eiia bai bdo Id bd eye vd mo hinh cdnh quan khu vuon trong t|.p dodn edy bdn dja dac tnmg eiia cdc vilng miSn trong ca nuoc.
2.2. N$i dung nghien cuu
Ddnh gid hien trang khu ddt, dieu kien lap dja, xay d\mg phucmg dn b6 cue tdng the, phuang dn thiSt kS cdnh quan cdy xanh vd mo hinh edc diem canh.
2.3. Phuong ph^p nghien ciru 2.3.1. Phirang phdp ke iliira:
Thu th|p cdc loai tdi lipu, bdn do lien quan dSn khu quy ho?ch thiSt kS luu trit t?ii khu Di tfch ljch sii DSn Hting, tinh Phii Tho, gdm: Ho so Quy hootch phdt trien khu Di tfeh lich sii DSn Hting - tinh Phii Thp dSn nam 2015[1];
bdn do hi?n tr^ng rimg thupc Rimg Qudc gia Den Hilng ndm 2004; bdn dd dja hinh ty lp 1/2000 do Cdng ly co phan tu vdn Xdy dimg CO sd h? tdng Phii Thp th\rc hien nam 2009[4];
thuyet minh de tai edp Nha nudc "Nghien ciiu trdng thii nghipm tap doan cay bdn dja dac trung cdc vung miSn trong ea nude tai Rung qudc gia Den Hilng[6]; tdi Ueu hpi thdo xac djnh tieu chf va danh lyc cae lodi cdy bdn dja ddc trung cdc vilng mien trong cd nudc[7].
2.3.2. Phuang phdp ngoai nghiep:
- Vj ui, ranh gjdi vd di?n u'ch ciia khu vue nghiSn cuu dugc xdc djnh d\ra tren ca sd mdc vd ranh gidi phan Id Rimg Qa6c gia DSn Hiing tren ban do hipn t r ^ g rimg va mdc gidi d thuc dia[5].
- DiSu tra hipn trang thyc vdt riing bdng phuang phdp diSu tra theo tuySn phdng xa vd
tuyen song song.
- Cdng cu chii yeu cho cdng tdc diSu tra gdm: May GPS, mdy toan dac dien tu TC-600, may anh ky thudt sd, cac loai thudc do vd cdc mdu bang bieu thiSt ke .
3.3. Phuong phdp npi nghiep:
- Phan ti'ch tdng hgp ldi lipu va xdy dyng phuang dn thiSt kL Cdng cy chii ySu cho npi dung nay Id may tfnh vd cdc phan mem hd trp ve do hpa vd xii 1^ hinh dnh: Mapinfor, Autocad, 3ds.max, Photoshop.
- Hpi thdo lua chpn phuang dn thiSt kS.
m. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO L U ^ 3.1. Dac diim off ban cua khu virc thiet kl a) Vi iri quy mo
Khu vuan nghiSn ciiu trong thii nghipm l|p doan cdy bdn dia ddc trung cua cdc vilng mien trong ca nudc tai Rirng Qudc gia Den HQng dugc thuc hipn tgi khu ddi Ddng LSnh vd mpt phdn eua khu Nui Vgn. Trong Quy^t djnh so 48/2004/QD-TTg ngdy 30 thdng 3 ndm 2004 cua Thu tudng Chfnh phii vS vipc phS duy?t quy hoach chi liet khu Di tfch lich str Den Hiing - Tinh Phii Thg ddn nam 2015, khu nghiSn cmi thupc phdn khu sinh thdi canh quan phuc vy ton tao canh quan vd cai thien mdi trudng eiia khu Di tfch ljch sir Den Hiing - tinh Phd Thp. Phfa Bdc vd Phfa Dong tiep gidp duang tinh lg 32C, Phia Nam vd Tay tiep gidp Nlii Van vd hd Ddng Lenh. Tong dipn tfch todn khu nghien ciiu 9,5ha vd dugc kSt ndi vdi cdc phdn khu khac ciia khu di tfch thdng qua tuySn tinh lp 32C.
b) Dia hinh
Dja hinh khu vyc du an la dang ddi thodi vd ddi bdt up cd hai mat hudng ra phfa ho Dong LSnh. Cdt dp cao tuang ddi tai cdc dja diem dinh ddi Ddng LSnh Ldn +65,5m, dinh ddi Ddng Ldnh Be la -i-40,0m vd tai khu vuc mii Vgn +150m. Dja hinh cd xu hudng ddc thoai vS phia ho Ddng LSnh. Do ddc trung binh tir 15%-20%. Uu diSm vS dja hinh ciia khu vyc thiSt kS Id c6 thS quan sdt dugc tir nhiSu phfa vd tao nen tdt cho vipc the hipn canh quan.
24 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHI$P SO 4-2014
c) Khi hdu, thiiy vdn
Khu vuc nghien ciiu ndm trong vung khf hau ddng bdng vd trung du Bdc bp. Theo tai Ueu quan trac cua trgm khi tugng, thuy vdn Viet tri, khu vyc nghien cuu cd khf hau nhiet ddi gid mtia vd cd hai miia rd ret: miia mua vd miia khd. Mua mua tir thdng 4 den thang 10, lugng mua chidm 70-80% so vdi lugng mua cd nam, Miia kho tir thdng 11 dSn thang 3 ndm sau, ft mua, khf hgu hanh khd.
Nhiet dp trung binh nam 23,3V, nhiet dp trung binh thdng cao nhdt 28,3''C (thdng 6 vd thang 7), nhipt dp trung binh thang thap nhdt 15,7"C (thdng 1), nhipt dp tdi cao tuyet doi 40,3*'C, nhipt dg tdi thdp tuyet ddi 3,5V. Sd gid nang cd ndm 1.662 gia. Dp dm tucmg ddi tmng binh nam 84%, dp dm trung binh cao nhdt 87%, dp 4m trung binh thdp nhat 82%.
Tdc dp gid trung binh l,8m/s. Miia Ddng hudng gid chu dgo Id gid Tay Bdc. M&a hb hudng gid chii dao la gid Ddng va Ddng Nam.
Lugng mua trung binh ndm 1.850mm.
Khu vyc nghiSn cuu tiSp giap vdi hd Ddng Lenh cd tong dipn ti'ch m^l nudc 3,88ha vd cd nudc quanh ndm. Ddy vira Id noi gidm ihieu lii lyt cho khu vuc, ddng thdi cung la noi cung cdp ngudn nudc tudi tieu eho cac hogt dpng san xuat ndng nghipp trong khu vyc.
d) Thd nhudng
Ddt trong khu vyc nghiSn cihi chii ySu la dat ddi gd phdt trien tren dd bien chat gnai vd ddt feralit ndu vdng phdt triSn tren phil sa c6.
Logi ddt nay dai bp phgn nam dudi tan rimg Thdng ma vT vd Keo tai lugng dugc trdng ldu nam nen cd dp tai xdp, mtin va do am cao, tuy nhien cyc bp mpt sd nai cd hipn tugng ket von nhu d nhiing dja diem ven bd ddc.
e) Thdm thuc vdl
Cay trdng tgi khu vyc chii yeu la rimg trdng Keo tai tugng vd Thdng ma vT dugc trdng theo trinh Dy dn PAM. Tren ca sd hipn trgng, dat trong cay trong khu vyc nghiSn cuu chia thdnh hai khu: Khu vyc thii nhat thudc ddi Ddng Ldnh trong cay Keo tai tugng vdi tdng dien
Ldm sinh tfch 7,43 ha. Khu vuc thii 2 tgi khu vyc Nui VSin trdng Thdng md, Keo Tai tugng va mpt phdn ddl trdng vdi dien tfch 2,07ha. Thanh phdn cdy byi thdm tuoi chii ySu Id Duong xi va Rdng rang. Cdng tac tu bd rimg d ddy dugc tien hdnh djnh ky hang nam nen thdnh phdn day leo byi ram khdng nhieu, khdng gian dudi tan rimg phan ldn thdng thodng, thu^n lgi cho viec triSn khai trdng cdy dudi tdn.
J) Hien trang sir dung ddi vd ha ldng ky thudt Dat trong khu vyc chu yeu la dipn tfch rimg trdng chidm 95,4% (9,07ha), cdn lai Id gdm mpt phdn ddt Irdng vdi phdn ldn Id cdy rang rdng tgi khu vuc Nui Vdn Id 3,2% (0,30ha) vd ddl dudng giao thdng vdi 1,4% (0,13ha).
Trong ranh gidi khu vuc nghiSn cuu da cd dudng be tdng dugc xdy dung ndm tren ranh gidi giira ddi Ddng LSnh ldn vd Ddng LSnh be.
Dp rdng mat dudng 2,5m, chieu ddi dudng 198m. DiSm dau ciia luy^n dudng kSl noi vdi tuyen dudng tinh Id lp 32C vd diem cudi ket noi vdi dudng mbn di sang khu vyc Niii Van.
TuySn dudng mdn chgy ven khu nghiSn ciiu bSn phfa Ndi van cd dp ddi 503,2m, dO rpng mgt dudng 0,8m-l,5m. He thdng cap dien dang kdo tir DSn Mdu Au Ca. Hp thdng cdp nudc chua cd.
* Ddnh gid chung Thudn lai
Ve diSu kien tu nhien: Dja hinh lgi khu vyc thiel ke ddc thodi va thuan lgi cho cong tdc thi cdng. Nen dat trong khu vuc Id dat dudi tdn rimg, cd tang day, dp toi x6p, hdm lugng mun cao cd the phil hgp cho nhieu loai edy gd Viet Nam. Hem nGa, khu vyc nghien ciiu lai ndm sdt cgnh hd nudc nSn cd the chii dgng dugc nguon nudc tudi cay d giai dogn mdi trdng.
Ve qudn ly vd xa hdi: Khu ddl da dugc Chu tjch Uy ban nhdn dan tinh Phu Thp, gidm ddc khu di tich lich sii Den Hung giao cho Trudng Dai hpc Lam nghipp thyc hipn nhipm vy khoa hpc trong khudn khd dS tdi nghien ciiu cdp Nhd nudc. Cdng lac quan 1^ Rirng Qu6c gia DSn Hting ludn cd chi dao sdt sdl sao ciia cac Ban, TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 25
Ldm sinh
Ngdnh vi thS cd nhiSu thuan lgi cho cdng tac bao vp rimg khi khu vudn dugc xdy dyng.
Klio khdn
Rimg Keo tai tugng cd mat tuong doi dp ddy
Rimg Keo Rimg Thong Mat nuac DuJmg nh\ia Duong mftn j^o, van
va da den tudi khai thdc nen trong qud tnnh khai thdc, tia thua n^u khong qudn ly tdt sg anh hudng den cac cdy bdn dja trdng dudi tdn.
Hudng nhin tii dSp Thg Quang sang phi'a niii VJn Hinh 1. Hifn trgng khu v^v nghien edit
3.2. Phtrong an thiet ke a) Muc lieu thiet ke
- Dua ra dupc phucmg dn thiet ke phti hgp vdi dac diem ty nhiSn vd ySu cau ddc trung cdnh quan rimg eiia edc lodi cdy bdn dia da chpn.
- Gdp ph^n da dgng khda cdnh quan vd tao thSm noi tham quan, nghiSn cmi cho du khdch vd edc nhd khoa hpc.
b) Bo cue vd dfnh hudng phdt triin khong gian cdnh quan
Tren co sd cdc vung miSn trong nudc vd danh mye lodi cay da dugc chpn, bd cyc khu vudn trong cdy phat triSn theo dang tuydn gdn lien vdi sy thay ddi eua dja hinh va phdt triSn luyen giao thdng ndi bd chi'nh trong khu vyc.
Ldi vdo chfnh. Id diem dau tuySn dudng be tdng kSt ndi vdi tuySn tinh lp 32C vd ket thde d diem cudi tuySn dudng mdn ket ndi vdi dudng vdo Den Mau Au Ca. Vdi hinh thiic bd cyc nay khi di dpc trSn tuySn dudng, khdch tham quan sS dS cdm nhan dugc nhihig canh sdc rimg va thdnh phan cdc lodi cdy ddc tnmg cho cdc eting miSn trong cd nudc theo thii ty tir Bdc vdo Nam. Dong thdi ciing thugn lgi cho cdc nha nghien ciiu khi muon nghien cmi vh thdnh
phan loai cay cung nhu cdnh quan rimg cua cac vting miSn khdc nhau.
Dac diSm dja hinh chung trong khu vyc Id thdp ddn tir Bdc xudng Nam vd cd xu hudng thdp ddn vS phfa hd Ddng LSnh. Ddng thoi, dgng dia hinh d khu vyc phfa Bac cung bien ddi da dgng han so vdi khu phfa Nam. Ket hgp giua dgc diem dja hinh cua khu vyc nghiSn ciiu vdi nhfing net ddc Irung cdnh quan dja hinh ciia cdc v&ng miSn se Id ca sd chfnh de bo cyc khdng gian cdnh quan rimg trong khu vyc.
Todn khu vyc nghien cuu dugc phdn chia Ihdnh 3 khu chiic nang chfnh. Tgi khu vyc d6i Ddng l i n h Ldn se la khdng gian cdnh quan rimg cdy cua 5 phan khu gdm: Phdn khu cay ban dia ddc trung vilng Tdy Bdc (Vl), Phdn khu cdy ban dja dgc tnmg vting Ddng Bdc (V2), Phan khu cay ban dia dgc tnmg vung Trung Tdm (V3), Phdn khu cdy bdn dja dgc trung viing Tay NguySn (V7) vd Phan khu cdy ban dja dac trung vting Nam Trung Bd (V6). Khu vyc ddi Ddng LSnh Be gdm 2 phan khu, trong dd phan dinh ddi ddc thodi nen dugc chgn Id khdng gian cdnh quan rimg cua cac phdn khu rimg cdy ban dja ddc trung vilng Bdc Trung bp 26 TAP CHI KHOA HQC v A C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
(V5), phfa chan ddi tuong ddi bdng phdng Id khong gian cdnh quan rung cdy ban dja ddc tnmg vilng Dong bdng Bdc Bp (V4). Cdn lai, khu vyc sudn doi Niii Van cd dang dia hinh ddc thoai ve phia hd Ddng Ldnh, hudng nhin thodng, dpp dugc chia thanh 2 phdn khu dac trung cho khdng gian cdnh quan rimg cdy ban dia dgc trung vung Ddng Nam Bp {V9) vd rung cay ban
Ldm sinh dja dgc trung viing Tdy Nam Bp (V8).
Vdi djnh hudng bd cyc khdng gian canh quan dd, canh quan rimg ciia khu vudn cdy ban dja ket hgp vdi khdng gian cdnh quan mat nudc vd tuydn giao thdng tinh lg 32C se hinh thdnh mdt diem cdnh quan hdp ddn trong he thong cdnh quan rtmg tgi khu Di tich lich su Den Hiing.
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Hinh 2. Saddphdn khu chuc ndng
Bdng 1. Cdc phdn khu cua khu vudn trong thir nghifm tpp dodn cdy bdn dia dgc tnmg cua cdc vung miin trong cd nudc tgi Rung Quoc gia Den Hung
STT 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 TSng
Ky hi^u VI V2 V3 V4 VS V6 V7 V8 V9
Ten phan khu ray Bk DSng Bac Trung tam Dong bang Bac Bo Bac trung bp Nam Tmng BO Tay Nguyfen D6ng Nam BQ TSy Nam bo
Dign tfch 0,90 1.01 1.40 1.10 1.02 1.00 1,00 1.07 1.00 9 3 0
Donvj Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha
T y l ? ( % ) 9,47 10,63 14,74 11,58 10.74 10,53 10,53 11,47 10,32 100
c) Tdng mat bdng thiil ke chi tiit Quan diim thiit ke chimg
Lgi dyng toi da diSu kipn ty nhiSn san cd.
Tao to hgp cdnh quan phong phii, c6 sy kSt hgp chdt chS giSa yeu td tuyen, diem vd dien trong cdnh quan. Nhung khoang khdng gian Ti^P CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 4-2014 27
Ldm sinh
ddng vd md giira cdc mdng cay vdi khdng gian mgt nudc vd khdng gian xung quanh dugc kSt hgp hdi hda. Cay dugc lya chgn trdng Id nhung cay ban dja dgc sdc ciia cac vung cd trong danh lyc cdy ban dia da dugc Hgi ddng khoa hpc Ngdnh Lam nghiSp tuyen chpn va Bd Khoa hpc Cdng nghp phe duypt cho ph6p trien khai thyc hien. Su phdi kSt hap gifia cdc cdy
vdi nhau phdi thda mdn nhu cdu sinh trudng phdt triSn ciia mdi lodi, ddng thdi cdn ggi dugc nhihig cdnh quan rimg dgc trung cua mdi vting miSn. Trong mdi phan khu viec phdi tri giira cdc mang riing, cdc ddi cdy vdi nhau hinh thdnh cac mdng mdu sdc sinh dpng theo cdc miia khac nhau.
Chu thfch
(I): minh hpa canh quan dpc tuyen tryc chinh tii phia cdng.
(2): minh hpa canh quan diing tir d^p Thp Quang nhin vS phfa ddi Dong Lenh Ldn va Be.
(3): minh hpa canh quan khi diing 6 khoang giiia khu nlii V^n vd ddi Dong LSnh Lon, doi Dong LSnh B6.
(4): minh hpa canh quan dpc tuySn dudng mbn d chan nui Vdn (5): minh hpa canh quan hudng nhin tir dap Thp Quang sang phia mii Van
Hinh 3. Mgt bdng tong the va hinh dnh minh hpa cdc diem
e) Thuyet minh y tirdng thiel ke trdng cdy cho cdc plidn khu chtrc ndng
Canh quan todn khu vyc nghiSn ciiu, dugc hinh thdnh chu yeu thdng qua vipc Irong cdc lodi cay bdn dja da dugc tuySn chpn. Tuy nhiSn, de canh quan dugc phong phu hon, dpc cdc cdc tuySn tham quan cdn dua trdng bd sung cdc thdnh phan cay byi, cdy Ihdn thdo Id nhihig cay hoa, cdy Id mdu, cdy phii ddt trdng dudi tan vd 28
ven cdc tuyen dudng de td diSm cdnh quan cua cdc phan khu thiSt kd. Sau ddy la ^ tudng Ihiet kS ca ban cho cdc phan khu thiSt kS.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia dgc tnmg viing Tdy Bdc (VI)
Khu khu cay bdn dja VUng Tay Bdc cd dien tich 0,9ha dugc b6 tri phfa ben phai loi vdo chfnh ciia khu nghiSn cuu vd dugc trdng vdi 10 loai cay bdn dja ciia vting Tay Bdc. Mat phfa TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG N G H ? LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
tiep gidp vdi dudtig tinh lg 32C, trong ddi Mdng bd hoa dd cd hoa hau nhu quanh ndm vd mat tiSp gidp vdi ldi vdo trong ddi Ban trdng cd mua hoa nd rp vao mua xuan. Ddy la hai lodi cdy cd hoa dpp dac trung cua vilng Tay Bdc da timg di vdo thi ca vd dugc nhieu ngudi biet den.
Cac loai cdy cdn lai dugc bd tri trong thdnh ddi theo dgc diem cua dja hinh. Su ket hgp hai hda ve d^c diem mdu sac Id, dO thd min ciia tdn la (chat cdm) va chiSu cao cay giiia cdc ddi cdy vdi nhau sS ldm noi bat cdnh quan ciia vung Tdy Bdc theo cac mtia khdc nhau.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia dac tncng vdng Dong Bdc(V2)
Khu cay bdn dja vimg Ddng Bdc cd dien tich 1,01 ha dugc bd trf d phfa Ddng Bdc cua khu vyc nghien ciiu. Mpt mat tiep gidp vdi dudng linh lg 32C. Ba mdt cdn lai ldn lugt liSp gidp vdi phdn khu cdy bdn dja viing Tdy Bac, vimg Trung Tdm vd vilng Tdy Nguyen. Cac loai cay ban dja dSc tnmg dugc chgn trong trong vting ndy gdm 10 lodi. Khu vyc ndy cd dja the dep, cao dp thdp dan ve phfa dudng tinh lg 32C vd cd gdc nhin rpng tit phfa dudng tinh lg 32C nen cdy trdng trong khu vyc dugc bd tri theo dgng ddi thudn lodi tii thap den cao.
NhGng cdy cd hinh dang, mdu sac la vd hoa dep dugc trong d phia tiep gidp vdi dudng giao thdng dS nhan manh ^ nghia dac tnmg ve canh quan. Cac dugc chpn trdng phia giap dudng giao thdng gdm Md, Thdng nhya vd Trdm den.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia dpc tnmg viing Trung tdm(V3)
Khu cay bdn dja vung Trung tdm cd dien tfch l,4ha dugc bd tri d phfa dinh ddi Ddng Ldnh ldn, dja hinh ddc thodi cd dgng doi bdt dp.
Todn bg phdn khu dugc bao bgc bdi dudng mdn npi bp cd sdn. Do dd, cdc cdy trdng trong phan khu dugc bd trf theo dgng ddi phdng xg tii tren xudng. Tai vi tri ven dudng giao thdng cay dugc bd trf theo dgng ddi biSn ddi theo hinh dgng ciia tuyen dudng. Tdng sd lodi cay trdng trong phdn khu gdm 10 lodi. Trong dd nhiing
Ldm sinh lodi cd hinh ddng dpp nhu Chd ndu, Co vd Ldc vimg dugc chgn trong tai cdc ddi ven dudng de tgo cdnh quan dac tnmg ciia khu vyc.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia dqc inmg viing ddng bdng Bdc Bd(V4)
Khu cdy ban dja vung Ddng bang Bdc Bp cd dipn tich l,lha dugc bd trf phfa ben trdi ldi vao ehinh eua khu nghiSn cuu vd thudc khu chdn ddi Ddng LSnh Be. Dia hinh trong khu vyc tuang ddi bang phang, tai vi trf tiep gidp vdi phan khu cay vung Tdy Bac cd dgng ddc thoai. Cd 3 mat canh quan chi'nh Id mat tiep giap vdi ho Ddng lenh, mat tiep gidp vdi dudng tinh lp 32C va mat tiep gidp vdi dudng vao chinh ciia khu nghien cihi. Ddy ciing Id diem cdnh quan cd gdc nhin rgng tir phia dap Thp Quang vd la diSm canh quan ddu tiSn ciia khu vyc nghien cvm md du khdch ed the cam nhan dugc khi di trSn tuySn tham quan tir Den mdu Au Co dSn khu vyc hd Ddng LSnh.
Cay trdng trong khu vyc gdm 10 lodi. Trong dd, cdc loai cdy cd dang dep, hoa dpp vd phd bien d viing ddng bdng Bdc Bg dugc trdng d phi'a tiSp giap vdi mgt hd Ddng LSnh, dudng tinh lp 32C vd ven dudng ldi vdo chi'nh cua khu vyc. H n h thiic trdng cdy ciing dugc bd tn theo dgng dai thuan lodi. Cdc cay trdng ven mat nudc la Vdng anh, Sanh; cay trdng phfa ven dudng linh lg 32C Id Da long, De; cay trdng ven dudng loi vao chi'nh la Kim giao.
Canh quan ciia phdn khu ndy ben cgnh dugc diSm xuyet bdi mdu vdng ry ro ciia hoa Vdng anh, cdc dai mdu sac ddm nhgt cua mdu Id cac ddi cdy, sy soi bdng cua mdng cay len mat hd nudc cung ldm cho cdnh quan ciia khu vyc nay trd len sinh dOng hon.
* Plidn khu cdy bdn dia dqc tnmg viing Bac Trung Bp(V5)
Khu cdy ban dja viing Bdc Trung Bd cd chen ti'ch l,02ha, dugc bd trf d phdn sudn va dinh ddi Ddng Lenh B6. Dja hinh khu doi Ddng LSnh Bd cd mdi ddc trdi ddi vS phfa hd Ddng LSnh vd cd the qua sdt gan nhu todn bd TAP CHI KHOA HQC v A CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 29
Ldm sinh
khu vyc khi nhin tir phi'a dap Thg Quang vd phfa Nlii V^n. Do do tuomg ddi thugn tipn cho viec tgo canh quan vd bo trf ydng cdy. Cdc loai cay dugc chpn trdng trong khu vuc gdm 10 loai. Nhiing cdy mau sdc hoa vd la dep nhu Sdn mat, Lim xpt, Vdng tam, QuS thanh dugc trdng Ihdnh timg mang tgi vj trf nhd cao cua dinh ddi dS de tao dn tugng cdnh quan khi nhin tii xa.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia ddc tnmg vdng Nam Tmng BQ(V6)
Khu edy ban dja viing Nam Trung Bd cd dien tfch l,0ha, dugc bd trf d mat phfa Tay Nam khu doi Ddng LSnh Ldn. Mpt mat tiep gidp vdi doan cudi ciia dudng be tdng chfnh trong khu vyc vd mat cdn lgi tiep gidp vdi dudng mdn ngi bp. Dja hinh doc thodi vd d khodng giiia ciia phan khu cd dia htnh nhd cao tao thdnh dudng ddng chgy tir dinh ddi xudng phfa dudi. Phdn khu ed gdc nhin rdng tir phfa Nlii Vgn. TrSn co sd d§c diSm dja hinh vd tinh hinh giao thdng npi bp, mat phfa Tdy Nam gidp vdi dudng be tdng cdy trdng dugc bd tri theo dai thudn lodi. Mgt phfa tiSp gidp vdi dudng mon npi bp vd phdn khu cdy ban dja vung Trung tam, dai cdy dugc bd trf dpc theo tuySn dudng. Cdc ddi cay dugc sap xSp theo gam mau Id tir mdu xanh nhgt phia chdn doi dSn xanh dgp d phfa dinh ddi. Tgi vj trf cao nhdt ciia phdn khu trdng mudng den cd hoa mdu vdng tgo diem xuyet ve cdnh quan.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia ddc tnmg vung Tdy Nguyin (V7)
Khu cay ban dja vhng Tdy Nguyen cd dien tfch l,Oha, dugc bd trf d phia Tdy Bdc ciia khu ddi Ddng Lenh Ldn. Dja hinh ddc thodi ve phfa dudng tinh Id 32C vd ddy ciing la mat canh quan chfnh cua phdn khu. Hai mdt cdn lgi tiSp gidp vdi phan khu cdy bdn dja vimg Ddng Bdc vd phdn khu cdy bdn dia viing Trung tdm.
Tdng loai cay trong trong khu vyc gom 10 loai, trong dd nhimg loai cd ddng dep, phd bien d viing Tay Nguyen nhu Ddu song ndng, Dau ldng dugc trdng thdnh ddi thudn lodi ven dudng de ggi cdnh quan quan rtmg Tdy
NguySn. Cac lodi cdn lai bd trf trdng thdnh dai thudn lodi theo dudng ddng miic. Ngodi ra, nhiing cay cd tan vd chiSu cao cay ldn vugt trdi nhu Ka nia sau nay ciing se trd thdnh diem nhan canh quan cua phdn khu.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia ddc tnmg vUng Dong Nam Bp (V8)
Khu cdy ban dja vung Ddng Nam Bg ed dipn tfch l,07ha, dugc bo trf d khu vyc phfa Ddng Nam cua chdn niii V ^ va gan vdi ldi vdo khu DSn Mau Au Co. Phfa Bac cua phan khu tiSp gidp vdi phan khu cay ban dja vbng Tdy Nam B0, phfa Ddng liSp gidp vdi rung thdng, phfa Nam tiSp gidp vdi khu nhd djch vy khu DSn Mau Au Ca vd phfa Ddng tiep gidp vdi dudng mdn ven hd ciia hd Ddng Lenh. Dja hinh trong khu vyc cd dan xen giiia nhiing chd doc thodi vd bdng phdng, hudng doc ciia dia hinh hudng vi phia Hd Ddng LSnh vd ddy cung Id mat cdnh quan chfnh ciia khu vyc. Cdy trdng trong khu vyc gdm 10 lodi. Trong dd, nhihig lodi bdn dja dgi dipn cho vting Ddng Nam Bg dugc trdng thanh ddi thudn lodi chay dpc theo dudng mdn ven hd nhu Ddu rai, Huynh.
Tai nhung noi dja hinh ddc cay dugc bo trf trong theo dai chgy song song vdi dudng dong miic cdn tai nhiing noi bdng phdng cdy dugc bo trf trdng thdnh ddi theo dang nan quat dS tgo sy da dgng ve cdc mdng mau cua khu rimg.
* Phdn khu cdy bdn dia dqc trung vidng Tdy Nam Bp (V9)
Khu cdy bdn dja vting Tay Nam Bg cd dipn tfch l.OOha, dugc bd tri tgi khu vyc phia Ddng Bdc ciia chdn mii Vgn. Phia Bdc vd phfa Tay tiSp gidp vdi rimg thdng, phfa Nam tidp gidp vdi phdn khu cdy bdn dja vting Ddng Nam Bg vd phi'a Ddng tiSp gidp vdi dudng mdn ven hd Ddng Lenh. Dja hinh cua khu vyc doc thodi hudng vS phfa hd Ddng LSnh vd cd gdc nhin rpng tit phfa dudng tmh lp 32C va dap Thp Quang. Cay trong trong khu vyc gdm 10 lodi vd da sd la nhimg loai cay d§c sdn vd cay cd canh sac dpp, hoa nd rye ra vdo cdc miia xudn, 30 TAP CHl KHOA HQC v A C 6 N G NGH? L A M NGHIEP S 6 4-2014
Ldm sinh mua hg vd mtia thu nhu Mudng hoa vang.
Bang ldng nudc, Mudng hodng yen. Trong dd, cdc lodi cdy cd cdnh quan dep dugc trdng thdnh ddi ven dudng mdn quanh hd dd tgo dn
tugng canh quan cho du khdch khi di dgc tuyen Iham quan. Cac mang vd dai cdy khdc con lai dugc bd trf tren ca sd sy tuang phdn vS mdu sac la de tang tinh da dgng ve canh quan.
sn
VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 V3 21
Bang 2. Danh ItfC loai cay ban dja dgc trung cua cdc viing sinh thdi Awifc trong tai Rirng quoc gia Ben Hiing
Ten lofti cSy Ten Vi^t Nam Ph&n khu cay ban d|a vikng Tay Bac Ban trang Son tra (TSo mfeo) T6 h^p di§n bign M6ng b6 hoa do Xoai Yen Chau Com tang U t H o a Nhpi Nanh chupt B6hi)n PhSn khu cgy ban dja v6ng Ddng Bac Ch6 dang De Bac Giang Th6ng Tre Hoi
Ma
Tau la ruoi Th6ng nhya Nghifin Tram den Xoan dao PhSn khu cSy ban dfa v(uig Trung 1 ^ C Q
Ten khoa hoc
Baultinia variegata L.
Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai
Allingia siamensis Oliv. ex Hance
Bauhima maslopoda L.
Mangifera flava Evrard Elaeocarpus dubius DC.
Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.
Bischofiajavamca Blume Cryptocarya lanceolala Mcrr.
Sapindus saponana L
Uexkaushue^.^.HM Castanopsis boisii Hickel &
A. Camus Podocarpus nerifolius
lllicium verum Hook. f.
Manglietia conifera OIlv.
Valica odorata var lon kinen.fi s Tard ieu Ptnus merkusii Jungh et Vriese
Excentrodendron ronlanen.iis Chang & Miau Canarium tramdenum Dai &
lakolev
Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman
Livislona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br.
Stt
V5 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 V6 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 V7 61
Ten lo^i cSy Ten ViSt Nam Phan khu cay b ^ dja vung Bdc Trung B$
Que thanh Lim xanh Tram hirong Lim x?t Tting la han Vang tSm Sen mM Dfiu da dat
sdu
Huynh
PhSn khu cay ban dja viing Nam Trung B$
Trom nhira Mun Uoi Tnrang chua Gifii ba Tmong van Cho chai Muong den Gumat Sen xanh (Viet) Phan khu cSy b i n dja viing TSy Nguyen DSng huong qu^ to
T£n khoa hQC
Cinnanomiim louremt C. nees Eryllt roph loeumfordu Ohv.
Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte Peltophorum tonkinensis A Chew
Podocarpus lire vifoUus (SlapO Foxw Manglietia fordiana Oliv.
Madbuca pasquieri H. J.
Lam.
Bacaurea ramijlora Lour.
Dracontomelum dao Blanco
Tarriatia javanica Blume
Sterculia foettda L.
Diospyros mun A. Chev.
Scaphium macropodum Beumee ex K. Hayne Nephelium chryseum Blume
Magnolia balansae A.
DC.
Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.
Hopea recopei Pierre Cassia siamea Lamk.
Sindora siamensis Teysm. Ex Miq.
Mimusops elengi L
Plerocaipus macrocaipus Kurz.
TiJlP CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGH6 L A M NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Ldm sinh •^
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 V4
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 V9 81 82 83 84 85
Cho nau Lpc vimg Sa mQC Ch6 Chi Decau My Tnicmg sang
Thau ITnh Gioi xanh PhSn khu cSy ban dia vftng dong bang Bfic B$
Da 16ng DS Kim giao Sua Sanh Bdch xanh VSng anh Bo ket Chay Nhan
Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Barringtonia acuiangula Payens.
Cunninghamia lanceolala Parashorea chinensis Merr.
Quercus platycalyx Hickel &
A. Camus Lysydice rhodosiegia L.
Amesiadendron chinense (Merr.) Hu
Alphonsea squamosa Finet
& Gagnep
Mtchelia mediocns Dandy
Ficus pilosa Reinw.
Ficus religiosa L.
Nagetafleun Hicke Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Ficus benjamina L.
Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz Saraca dives Pierre Gleditsia austral is Hemsl Artocarpus tonkinensis Roxb.
Dimocarpus longan Lour 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
69 70 V8
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
TrSc vang Dau long c a m xe Chieu lieu xanh Diu song n^ng G90 K c n i a
Dung nam Ven ven Phan khu cay b i n dja vftng Dong Nam B9
c i m lai Ba Ria Dau rai Sao den Vii hucmg Ch dudi Tning ga 0 5 do Huynh duong Dang Dang huong an
Dalbergia conchinchinensis Pierre Dipterocarpus iniricalus Dyer
Xylia macrocarpa Terminalia chebula Relz Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre.
Bombax anceps Pierre Irvingia malayana Oliver ex Bennett Symplocos conchinchinensis Lecomte
Anisoptera coslata Korth.
Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex. Prain
Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don Hopea odorata Roxb.
Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte
Cryptocarya infectoria (Blume) Miq.
Liicua mamona Gaerten Afzelia xylocarpa Craib Dysoxylum loureiri Pierre Telrameles nudiflora R Br.
Pterocarpus indicus Kurz.
Phan khu cdy ban dia vimg TSy Nam B$
Bing 15ng nudc Sfia Bang con dao T r i m t a Mft to nfi
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
Alstonia .Kholaris (L.) R. Br Terminalia catappa L.
Melaleuca cajuputy Powel!
Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Men
86 87 88 89 90
Muong hoa vSng Muong hoang yen Roi do
Sau rigng Xoai cat Hoa Loc
Cassia splendida Vogel Cassia javanica L.
Syzygium samaragense (Blume) Men-. & L.M. Peny Durio zibeihinus Rumph.
ex Murray Mangifera indica L.
r v . K E T LUi^N
Nghien cini trdng thu nghiem tap do&n cay ban dja dac tnmg cac vung mien trong ca nuac tai Rirng Qu6c gia Den Hung - tinh Phii Tho, khong nhimg c6 ^ nghia vk mat khoa hpc ma con c6 y nghta ve sau sac tren c^c khia canh van hoa, canh quan va moi tmomg. Phuong ^n thiet ke da phan tfch va Igi dung ducrc nhihig
iru the ve dieu Iden dieu kien ve dia hinh, dia th6, tham thirc vat v^ m5t nuac trong khu vvrc.
Y tuong bd cue tu tong the den thi6t k^ chi tik cho cac phSn khu dam bao ti'nh he thdng, tfnh khA thi va luon co sy: ket hpp chiit ehe giira cSc y^u t6 mang ti'nh khoa hpc va nghf thuit. K6t qua nghien cim ciia dg tM chi'nh Ih m tiSn d^ de triSn khai c^c buac thyc hien tiep theo cua vi^c
32 T ^ CHI KHOA HQC v A C 6 N G N G H f LAM NGHI$P S 6 4-2014
xay dung khu vuan nghien cuu trdng thu nghi$m tip d o ^ cay ban dia dac trung cac vilng mien trong ca nuac tai Rimg Quoc gia DSn Hung - Tinh Phii Thp. Tuy nhien da dat dugc k6t qua mong mu6n, trudc khi trdng cay can do vg, xSc dinh ranh gidi chfnh \&c cac vi tri trdng cSy ngoai th^rc tg.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Quyet djnh cua Thii Tuong chinh phii (2004).
Quyil dfnh s6 48/2004/QD'TTg ngdy 30/4/2004 vi Phe duyet Quy hoach phdi triin khu di tich lich su Den Hiing den nam 2015.
2. B$ xay dung (2008). Quyet dmh so 03/20O8/QD- BXD. ngiiy 31 thdng 3 ndm 2008 Ban hdnh quy djnh noi dung the hiin hdn ve, thuyet minh dot vdi Nhiim vu va Dd dn Quy hogch Xdy dung.
Ldm sink
3 BO khoa hpc va Cong nghe (201!). Quyil dinh sd 807/QD-BKHCN ngay 25/ 3/2011 ve viic Phe duyet vd giao nhipn vu cho Trudng Dgi hgc Ldm nghiip '"^« khai thuc hiin di ldi nghiin cim cap Nhd nu&c "Nghiin cuu trdng ihu ngliiim tap dodn cay bdn dia ddc tnmg cdc vdng miin trong cd nudc l^i Rimg Quoc gia Den Hiing".
4.Khu di tfch lich su Den Hung (2009). Bdn dd do ve dia hinh ty li 1/2000 khu v\fc Rimg Qudc gia Den Hiing.
5. Riing qu6c gia DSn Hilng (2004). Ban d6 hi^n trang Rimg Qufic gia Den Hilng.
6. Truang Dai hgc Lam nghi?p (2011). Thuy§t minh de tai cap Nha nuoc "Nghien ciiu trong ihu nghiem tdp dodn cdy bdn dfa dgc tnmg cdc viing mien trong cd nudc tgi Riing Quoc gia Din Hung".
7. Truong Dai htjc Lam nghidp (2011). Tdi lieu hpi thdo xdc dinh tiiu cht vd danh luc cdc lodi cdy bdn dia dgc trung cdc vung mien trong cd nu&c.
DESIGNING THE AREA WITH EXPERIMENTALLY GROWN TYPICAL INDIGENOUS TREES OF ECOLOGICAL REGIONS IN THE VIETNAM
AT HUNG TEMPLE NATIONAL FOREST Dang Van Ha, Hoang Van Sam
SUMMARY
The experimental area that plant typical indigenous trees of the ecological regions in the country at the Hung Temple National Forest with an area of 9.5 hectares. It belongs to landscape ecology and improves environmental improvement subdivision of the Hung Temple historical vestiges zone - Phu Tho province. This area has been assigned to the Vietnam Forestry University to implement the project at state level by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of agricultural and rural development and Phu Tho people committee.
Based on the study of ihc research task, the current characteristics of the study area, the landscape composition of the garden is divided into 9 zones include: (1) the typical indigenous trees of Northwest region (2) the typical indigenous trees of Northeast region (3) the typical indigenous trees of central zone region (4) the typical indigenous trees of Northern delal region (5) the typical indigenous trees of North Central region (6) the typical indigenous trees of Souih Central region (7) the typical indigenous trees of Highland central region (8) the typical indigenous trees of Southeast region (9) the typical mdigenous trees of Southwest region. The total number of typical indigenous tree species was selected is 90 (each region includes 10 species, each species with 50 individual tree).
Keywords: Design, Hung temple national forest, ecological region, landscape trees, typical indigenous tree species
Ngu'M phan bi^n Ng^y nhan bai Ng^y phan b i | D Ngdy quyet djnh dSng
PGS.TS, P h ? m v a n Dien 27/8/2014
01/10/2014 20/10/2014
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
