K £ T Q U A T U Y E M C H O I V M d T s d GidlVG CAIVI KHOING HAT CO IXIAIVG SUAT VA CHAT LUOIXIG CAO PHUC V U
PHAT TRIEIV SAIV XUAT
Lfi Qudc mng\ Hd Thi ThuyS Trinh Hdng Son}, Duorng Ng6 Thdnh Trungi, Vfl Anh Tu&iS Nguyfin Van Todn', Trin Van Binh\ Nguyfin Tlii Mai 'nianh\ Bd Nang V^nh^
TOMTAT
Cam (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) la loai cay an qua quan trong cua nhi^u niroc tren the gioi va la mot trong nhung cay an qua chu Iuc o Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, cac gidng cam phd bien a nuoc ta hau h^t la gidng dia phuong, nang suat va chat luong chua cao, nhieu hat, khong dn dinh. Voi muc dich tuy^n chon duoc cac gidng cam khong hoac it hat, nang suat cao phuc vu phat trien san xuat a cac tinh phia Bic, cong tac nghifin cuu, tuyen chon cac gidng cam nb$p npi da duoc ben hanh tai Himg Yen tir nam 2014 den 2019. Ket qua da tuy^n chon duoc gidng Valencia sd 27 chin muon a cay 5 mdi co nang suat trung binh 16,93 tan/ha, gidng cam Pineapple so 41 chin trung binh co nang suat 19,23 tan/ha, cac gidng cam Hamlm sd 82, Valencia Delta sd 61, Marr Najamja co nang suat trung binh tir 15,83 ddn 15,87 tan/ha, sd hat/qua duoi 5 hat (tu 1,6 ddn 4,2 hat/qua). Day la ngudn gidng quan trpng cho phat trien san xuat o cac tinh phia Bdc nuoc ta.
Tiikh6a: Cac gidng cam, tuyen chon, nang suat, kbong hat. Hung Ydn.
1 . DAT VAN BE
Nam a mgt trong nhiing trung tam phat smh cua rlit nhieu gidng cay an qua cd miii (Vo Van Chi, 1997), (Pham Hoang Hd, 1992), Viet Nam da va dang cd nhimg budc phat trien kha manh me trong san xuat nhimg nam gan day. Theo Tdng cue Thdng kfi, nam 2017 ca nude cd, san lupng cam dat 772,6 nghin tan, tang 20,4% so vdi ndm h-uoc; budi dat 571,3 nghin tan, tang 13,4%; quyt dat 175,5 nghin tan, tang 6,3%.
Mac dii vay, so vdi hem nfing va miic tifiu thu tinh tren dau ngudi, san lupng qua cd miii ca nude cdn d miic thap (khoang 1.519.400 tan); tinh binh quan dau ngudi nam 2017 mdi dat trung binh khoang 16 kg.
Trong khi, san lupng qua cd miii toan cau la ISl trieu tan nam 2015 va 124 tnfiu tan nam 2016, binh quan dau ngudi khoang 18 kg nam 2016, rieng cac nude phat tridn Tay Au va BSc My dat trfin 40 kg/ngudi (Tdng cue Thdng ke: Tinh hinh kinh te - xa hpi nam 2017; FAO, 2017). Cung vdi vific phai nhap khau mgt lugng ldn cam quyt tir nude ngoai, san xuat cay an qua cd miii d Viet Nam cdn gap rat nhieu khd khan trong dd chat lupng gidng va su phat trien cua dich bfinh hai la nhiing yeu td cd tac dgng rat ldn. Cac gidng dang dugc trdng phd bien d nude nhu cam Xa Doai, cam Van Du, cam Sanh, cam Bii, budi Phiic
Vien Dl iruyon Nong nghiep
22 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT
Trach, budd Difin, birdi Doan Himg,... ddu cd chung nhugc didm la nhieu hat vd chat lugng chira dap ling day du yeu cau ngudi tieu thu. Cdng tac nghifin ciiu chpn tao gidng cay cd miii, dac bifit vdi nhirng gidng khdng hoac it hat, vi vay, cd y nghia rat quan trong.
Nham phat huy the manh tiem tang vd dieu kien hi nhien va ngudn quy gen phong phii, dd tdi nghifin ciiu: "Tuyen chon mot sd gidng cam khdng bat co nang suit va chat lirong cao phuc vu phat tridn san xuat da dugc thuc hifin.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIOU CUU 2.1. Vdt Ufiu nghifin ciiu
Vat heu nghifin ciiu gdm cac gidng cam chin sdm, trung binh va chin mudn. Trong dd nhdm gidng cam chin sdm gdm; cam Marrs Najanja sd 10, cam Hamlm sd 8, cam Hamlm orange sd 82, Pineapple sd 42, cam Pineapple sd 41, cam Midsweet sd 150.
Nhdm gidng cam Navel chin himg hinh gdm: cam Cara cara Navel so 147, cam Navel Washington sd 148, cam Cara cara Navel sd 23, cam Navel sd 27, cam Navel Bonaza sd 20, cam Navel Mayca so 30.
Nhdm gidng cam Valencia chin muon gdm: cam Valencia Delta so 60. cam Valencia Delta sd 61, cam Valencia CambeU sd 56, cam Valencia Olmda so 77, cam Valencia sd 47, cam Valencia so 27 va ,r - J
,^. , , ^'a^iongcam Xa Doai lam doi chung.
2.2. Dja dilm ddnh gid va tuyfo chqn TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Nghifin ciiu dupc thuc hifin tai Tram thuc
nghifim Sinh hgc Van Giang - Htmg Yfin thuoc Vifin Dl huyen Ndng nghifip. Cac gidng cam nhap ngi dirge trdng trong chau nhua dung tich 60 lit trong nhd linM chdng cdn trimg tai Van Giang. Thdi gian h-dng nfim 2015, sd cay 20 cay/gidng.
2.3. Phuong phdp nghifin ciiu
Phuong phap mo ta va danh gid cac dac diem thuc vat hgc theo tai hfiu hudng ddn cua Vifin Tai nguyfin Di huydn thuc vdt Qudc te (IPGRI) kdt hop vdi quy pham khao nghifim gidng cam quyt cua Bp Ndng nghifip vd Phat tridn nong thdn (lOTCN).
- Theo doi cac chi tifiu vd chifiu cao cay (HVN) ^O each cd rfi 10 cm den dinh nggn cay, don vi tinh (cm). Dudng kinh tan (DT), don vi tinh (cm). Dudng kinh than (D^) do each c6 rfi 10 cm, don vi tinh (cm).
- Cac ehi tifiu theo doi ve sinh trudng ciia loc: Sd dgt lgc va sd lgc ra o cac vu xuan, he, thu. Thdi gian xuat hifin, xuat hifin rg, kdt thiic cua cdnh lgc nhu;
Thdi gian xudt hifin canh lpc: tinh khi trfin vudn cd khoang 10% sd cay xuat hifin. Thdi gian ket thuc: tmh khi cd khoang 80% sd cdy xuat hifin. Chdt lugng cac dot I6c xuan, hfi, thu. Do chieu dai canh lgc, dudng kinh canh loc thuan thuc (khi la chuyen hi mdu xanh non thdnh xanh dam vd chidu dai canh 16c khong tdng tnrdng). Chieu dai cdnh lpc: do hi gdc canh den dinh cdnh. Dudng kinh cdnh ldc: do tai didm each gdc canh 1 cm. Sd Id/cdnh lpc.
Bang 1. Mdt sd chi tifiu sinh trudng vd phdt tridn ciia cdc gidng cam a cdy 5 tudi tai van Giang-Hung Yfin nam 2019
- Cdc chi tifiu theo doi thdi gian ra hoa, nd rp vd ket thiic nd hoa: Theo ddi dac diem thdi gian bat dau xuat hifin nu dupe tinh khi cd 10% sd eanh tren cdy bat dau xuat hifin nu hoa. Tlidi gian nd hoa rd dugc tinh khi ed 50% sd hoa nd trfin eay. Thdi gian ket thdc nd hoa dirge tinh khi ed 70% sd hoa nd. Ty lfi dau qua: dem sd qua/cdy va sd hoa qua rung/cay.
- Cac yeu td can thanh nang suat va nang suat Sd cdy theo doi 20 cay/gidng, dem sd qua cdn lai/cay khi vd qua ehuyen tir mau xanh sang mdu vang (qua chin). Nang suat ly thuyet (tdn/ha) = 500 cdy/ha x sd qua trung binh/cdy x khdi lugng trung binh qua (gr).
- Mgt sd chi tifiu vd chat lupng qua: Cde ehi tieu danh gia qua; kich thudc, mdu sde, khdi lupng qua (gr), dudng kinh qua (cm), day vd (mm), sd hat/qud vd sd ml nude qua. Cac chi tifiu nay dugc can do SO qua/gidng.
2.4. Phirong phdp xii ly s6 lifiu Tren phan mem ling dung Excel.
3. KFT QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Ddnh gid vd sinh tnrdng thdn tdn Chi tifiu dugc danh gia trudc tifin Id khd nang sinh tiirdng eiia 24 gidng cam tai Van Giang-Himg Yen the hifin d bang 1.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ten giong Cam Valencia Cambell so 56 Cam Valencia Delta so 60 Cam Valencia Delta sd 61 Cam Valencias Olinda sd 77 Cam Valencia sd 47 Cam Valencia sd 27 Cam Hamlm sd 8 Cam Hamlin sd 82 Cam Marrs Najanja sd 10 Cam Midsweet sd 150 Cam Kneapple sd 42 Cam Rneapple sd 41 Cam Navel Cara cara sd 147
Dac tinh sinh hoc D„ (cm)
4,1 ±0,15 5,7 ± 0,15 6,6 ± 0,26 5,0 ±0,13 6,1 ± 0,28 6,5 ± 0,31 6,6 + 0,26 6,8 ±0,81 5,9 ±0,31 5,2 ±0,46 5,1 ± 0.42 5,3 ± 0,19 5,5 + 0,52
Hv-N (cm) 165,7 ±3,27 150,6 ±2,54 178,7 + 2,84 170,1+4,31 172,3 + 4,12 151,2 ± 3,47 178,7 + 2,84 175,3 + 6,47 170,5 ± 3,03 155,6 ± 5,00 145,4 ± 3,41 160,3 ±3,65 165,1 + 3,54
D,(cm) 160,6 ± 2,47 185,2 + 4,00 180,4 + 2,58 175,1 + 3,28 170,0+1,89 167,4 ±3,19 180,4 + 2,58 180,7 ±2,87 178,8 ±3,57 150,1 ± 2,59 150,3 ± 2,17 170,8 ± 3,17 170,3 ± 3,17 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020 23
Cam Navel Cara cara sd 23 Cam Navel Washmgton sd 148 Cam Navel sd 27
Cam Navel Bonaza sd 20 Cam Navel Mayca sd 30 Cam Xa Doai ddi chiing
5,1 + 0,12 5,6 + 0,41 5.0 + 0,64 5,7 + 0,32
160,4 ± 3,65 180,7 ± 4,01 143,3 + 2,34 142.2± 3.6 185,6 ± 2,58
178,a+4,14
l^Z--^^-^
4.2S 180.(>.
182,1'±''' 180,5+6,72 Kdt qua bang 1 danh gia tren eay 5 tudi (nam
2019) cho thay, cac gidng cam sinh trudng, phat trien tdt, ddng deu, do phan cdnh ldn, tan cay can ddi, bp la xanh, dfi cham sdc, cay cd nhieu canh dam, it canh vuot, nhieu la, thich nghi rat tdt vdi vung sinh thai Hung Yen.
Cac ehi tieu sinh trudng nhu chidu cao eay, dudng kinh tan, dudng kinh gdc cua cac gidng cam ed sir khac bifit ro ret (Bdng 1). Nhdm gidng cam Valencia, Hamhn, Pineaple va Navel ed kha nang sinh trudng va phdt trien khde the hifin o chieu cao cdy, duong kinh tdn va dudng kinh gdc deu cao hon so vdd gidng cam Marrs. Rifing nhdm gidng cam Marrs thi nguoe lai, cay cd dang hinh eau, sinh trudng va phat trien trung binh.
3.2. Khd nang sinh tnrong ciia cdc dot lgc Phan ldn lpc xuan Id nhiing canh mang qua, ddi vdi cac gidng cam thtrdng xuat hifin vdo cudi thang 1
den dau thang 2 va ket thuc vao cudi thang 2 den dau thdng 3. Lgc he xuat hien tir cudi tiiang 5 dau thang 6. Lgc tiau xuat hien hi cudi tiiang 7 den ddu tiiang 8 va ket thiic vdo cudi tiiang 8 den dau tiidng 9. Thdi diem xuat hien va kfit thiic cde dgt lgc eiia cac gidng cam chenh lech nhau khong dang ke, chi frong khoang tir 3 den 5 ngay. Sd lieu quan sat dugc h-fin eac gidng cam 5 tudi cho thay sd lupng ldc phdt sinh trong nam tuong ddi nhieu.
Danh gia mdt each tdng quat, cac chi tieu sd lupng cung nhu chieu ddi cdnh lgc, dudng kinh cdnh lpc va sd la/canh lpc cua cac gidng cam cd su khac nhau dang ke trong eiing mgt dieu kifin sinh thai vdi ciing quy trinh cham sdc, phu thupc chu yeu vao dac tiimg rieng cua mdi gidng. Mac dii vay, cac gidng nghien ciiu deu ed chung dae didm la trong 3 dot lgc, lpc he phdt tndn manh hon, cd dd vuon dai vd dudng kinh lpc ldn hon hai dpt lpc xuan va lpc tiiu.
B a n g 2. Chat l u p n g c a n h 10c ciia g i d n g c a m t r i l n v o n g a c S y 5 tudi t ^ V a n G i a n g - H i m g Yfin n a m 2019
Gidng cam
Valencia CambeU s d 5 6 Valencia Delta
sdeo
Valencia Delta s6 61 Valencias Olinda s d 7 7 Valencia sd 47 Valencia sd 27 Hamlin s d 8 Marrs Najanja Midsweet sd
Loc xuan 2019 DK
lpc (cm) 0,22+0,01
0,22+0,01 0,21+0,08
0.27+0,01 0,26+0,01 0,26+0,09 0,22+0,01 0.23+0,01 0.33+0.06 0.32+0.05
Dai loc (cm) 15.1+0.57
15.1±0.41 14.8+0.28
15,9+0,28 15,8+0.25 14.9+0.45 15.3+0.32 15,4*0.35 16.4+0.23 15.4±0,.IS
Sd la/16c
Oa) 6,2+0.24
6.2+0.24 6.0+0.21
6.9±0,23 6,9+0,27 6.1+0.31 6.1+0.23 6.7+0.21 7.4±0,15 6.9+0,39
Loc h e 2019 DK
loc (cm) 0,33+0,07
0,33+0.09 0.34+0.09
0,38+0,09 0,39+0,07 0,36+0,05 0.35+0,08 0,35+0.07 0.40+0.09 0.41+0.08
Dai 16c (cm)
21.6+0.84
20.7+0.61 20.8+0.51
23.4+0.60 22.7+0.65 21.3+0.83 21,2+0,69 21,6+0,83 23.7+0.77 23.8+0.55
Sd la/loc
Oa) 11.4+0,31
10,6+0,31 10,4+0,45
11,8+0,42 12,5+0,27 11,6+0,45 12,0+0,42 11,1+0,54 12.4+0.41 12.5+0.41
Loc thu 20019 D K l o c
(cm)
0,30+0,08
0,32+0,08 0,31+0,08
0,349+0,07 0,35*0.06 0.32+0,09 0.33+0.09 0,32+0,01 0.37+0,07 0.35±0.05
Dai lpc (cm)
18.2+0,35
18,3+0,42 18,5+0,74
20,6+0,56 20.7+0,47 i ? : ? l < W 3 j
19.6+0.40 MSVTT 2 0 7 + 0 . ) , 18 2*(|.2,~
Sd la/lpc
Oa) 9,6+0,31
9,8+0,47 10,2+0,51
11,5+0,27 11,0+0,36 10,4+0,54 10,7+0.30
"• •+0..35
'IS---^
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 150
Pineapple se 42
Pineapple se 41
Navel Cara cara s6 147 Navel Cara cara so 23 Navel Washington so 148 Navel sd 27 Cam Navel Bonaza sd 20 Cam Navel Mayca sd 30 Cam Xa Doai ddi chiing
0.32+0.01 0,33+0,09 0,33+0,08 0,37+0,06
0,36+001 0,35+004 0,34+0,05 0,36+0,05 0,33+0,01
12,7+035 12,8+0,43 12,9+0,38 15,4+0,45
15,3+0,29 13,9+0,41 13,1+1,35 13,8+065 14,3+032
5,8±0,24 5,8+0,25 5,7+0,21 6,7+0,42
6,7+0,21 6,3+0,21 6,2+0,20 6,4+0,30 6,5+0,29
0,40+0,05 0,41+0,08 0,40+008 0,43+0,09
0,44+0,06 0,42+0,09 0,41+001 0,43+0.09 0.41+0.06
18.4+0.47 18.9+0.34 19.0+042 21.3+0.62
22.3+0.62 19.9+0.79 20.4+0,48 20,9+0,64 19,8+0,53
11.7+0.21 11.5+0,27 11,4+0,34 12,6+0,30
12,9+0,23 12,0+0,25 11,3+0,30 11,5+0,37 12,6+0,32
0,41+0.09 0,40+0,01 0,41+007 0,42+001
0,44+0,09 0,41+0,08 0,42+001 0,39+001 0,38+0,07
16,6+0,26 16,9+0,28 16,5+0,21 18,4+022
19,7±0,25 17,6+0,32 17,8+0,28 18,4+0.33 17,4±0,43
8,1+0,27 7,8+0,29 8,2+0,29 10.6+0.26
11.6+0,34 8,8+0,25 9,1+0,31 9,2+0,51 9.4+0.35 3.3. Ddc di^m ra hoa, kdt qua cua cdc gidng cam or cdc vung sinh thdi
Bang 3. Dgc didm thdi gian ra hoa ciia cdc gidng cam 5 tudi tai Van Giang-Htmg Yfin nam 2019
Gidng cam Valencia Cambell so 56 Valencia Delta so 60 Valencia Delta s6 61 Valencias Olinda s6 77 Valencia so 47 Valencia so 27 Hamlin so 8 Hamlin so 82 Marrs Najanja so 10 Midsweet so 150 Pineapple sd 42 Pineapple sd 41 Navel Cara cara sd 147 Navel Cara cara sd 23 Navel Washington sd 148 Navel sd 27
Navel Bonaza sd 20 Navel Mayca sd 30 Xa Doai ddi chung
Thai ky xuat hien nu hoa (ngiy/thang) 04/02-06/02 04/02-06/02 04/02-06/02 04/02-06/02 04/02-06/02 04/02-06/02 30/01-04/02 30/01-04/02 13/01-18/01 30/01-04/02 30/01-04/02 30/01-04/02 20/01-26/01 20/01-26/01 20/01-26/01 20/01-26/01 20/01-26/01 20/01-26/01 30/01-04/02
Thoi ky bdt dau ndhoa (ngay/thang)
10/02-18/02 10/02-18/02 10/02-18/02 10/02-18/02 10/02-18/02 10/02-18/02 09/02-15/02 09/02-15/02 26/01-02/02 12/02-16/02 12/02-16/02 12/02-16/02 03/02-12/02 03/02-12/02 03/02-12/02 03/02-12/02 03/02-12/02 03/02-12/02 12/02-16/02
Thdi ky no rd hoa (ngay/thang)
\9m-211(a
v^ica-zim
19/02-27/02 19/02-27/02 19/02-27/02 19/02-27/02 16/02-22/02 16/02-22/02 03/02-10/02 17/02-25/02 17/02-25/02 17/02-25/02 13/02-20/02 13/02-20/02 13/02-20/02 13/02-20/02 13/02-20/02 13/02-20/02 17/02-25/02
Thdi ky cudi nd (ngay/thang) 28/02-07/03 28/02-07/03 28/02-07/03 28/02-07/03 28/02-07/03 28/02-07/03 23/02-01/03 23/02-01/03 12/02-15/02 26/02-02/03 26/02-02/03 26/02-02/03 21/02-25/02 21/02-25/02 21/02-25/02 21/02-25/02 21/02-25/02 21/02-25/02 26/02-02/03 Nhdm gidng cam Marrs giai doan bdt dau xuat
hifin nu hoa vao trung tuan thang 1, nd ro vdo dau thdng 2 va ket thiic nd hoa vao trung tudn thang 2 (ttr khi xuat hifin den ket thiic nd hoa 27 ngay).
Nhdm gidng cam Hamlin, cam Pineaple, cam Navel giai doan bat dau xuat hifin nu hoa vao cudi thdng 1, nd rd vao trung tuan thang 2 va ket thiic nd hoa vao eudi thang 2 (tir khi bat dau xuat hifin nu hoa dfin ket thiic nd hoa 26 ngdy).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020 25
J hoa SO
^ Nhdm gidng cam Valencia giai doan bdt ddu khi bat dau xuat hifin nu hoa ddn ket thiic nd xuat hien nu hoa vao dau thang 2, nd rg vao cudi ngdy).
thdng 2 vd kdt thiic nd hoa vao ddu eudi thdng 3 (hi ^^ Cdc ydu td cdu thdnh nang sudt vd nang sudt cua cdc gidng cam
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Gidng cam Valencia Delta sd 61 Valencia sd 27 Marrs Najanija sd 10 Pineapple sd 41 Xa Doai ddi chiing
SdquaTB/cay (qua) 163,5+10,2 167,3+12,5 158,8±15,4 171,6+13,2 199,9+16,2 135,8+14,8
Khdi luong qua (g) 190,6+5,5 202,4±3,8 199,4+4,7 185,0+3,3 192,4+6,5 195,6±5,8
Nang suat cay (kg/cSy)
31,16 33,86 31,66 31,74 38,46 26,56
Nang suat ly thuyet (tWha)^
15,58.
16,93 15,83 15,87 19,23 13,28 Ndng suat Id mgt trong nhirng tifiu chi quan
trpng phan dnh kha nang thieh ling vdi dieu kien mdi trudng sinh thai khi hdu eiia cac gidng.
Nhdm gidng cam Valencia chin mugn cay 5 tudi ndm 2019 ed sd qua trung bmh/cay tir 163,5 den 167.3 qua, khdi lugng qua fcrung binh hi 190,6 den 202.4 g/qua va nang suat trung bmh tii 15,58 den 16,93 tan/ha.
Nhdm gidng cam Marrs chin sdm cay 5 tudi cd sd qua trung binh/cdy 158,8 qua, khdi lugng qud trung binh hi 199,4 g/qua va nang suat h u n g binh 15,83 tan/ha.
Bang 5. MQt sd chi tifiu vd hinh thdi qud cdc gidng cam cdy 5 tudi a Vdn Giang-Hung Yfin ndm 2019 Nhom gidng cam Hamlin chin sdm cdy 5 tudi c6 sd qua trung binh/cdy 171,6 qua, khdi Iirgng qua trung binh 185,0 g/qua vd nang suat trung binh 15,87 tan/ha.
Nhdm gidng cam chin trung binh Pineapple 41 d cay 5 tudi cd sd qua trung binh/cay 199,9 qua, khdi lugng qua trung binh 192,4 g/qua va nang suat trung binh 19,23 tan/ha.
3.5. Mot sd chi tifiu v^ hinh thdi qua ciia cdc gidng cam hic thu ho^ch
Gidng Valencia Delta sd 61 Valencia sd 27 Marrs sd 10 Hamlin sd 82 Pineapple sd 41 Xa Doai ddi chiing
DKqua (cm) 8,23±0,09 8,53±0,08 7,24±0,05 7,36±0,03 8,02±0,07 6,23±0,02
Cao qua (cm) 7,42+0,06 7,85±0,09 6,96±0,07 6,83+0,05 7,92±0,08 6,4±0,09
Sd mui/qua (mui) 12,1+0,46 10,8±0,43 11,4±0,48 12,3±0,61 12,6±0,46 11,5+0,31
Nirdc qua (ml) 132,3±1,57 100,4±1,01 102,5±2,06 102,8+1,54 106,5+2,74 81,8+3,21
Sd hat/qua (hat) 2,1±0,42 1,6+0,18 3,8±0,57 2,6±0,41 4,2±0,67 17,5±0,84 Kdt qua phan tich mdt sd chi tieu ve hinh dang
qua cam d Van Giang-Hung Yen cho thay: cd su khac biet khdng ro ve hinh dang, sd miii/qua, ham luong nude qua giira cac nhdm gidng cam Valencia, nhdm gidng cam Hamlin, nhdm gidng cam Pmeapple va nhdm gidng cam Marrs,
Tuy nhien, chi tieu sd luong hat/qua, (cd y nghia rat quan trong trong chon tao gidng cam) lai co su
khac biet rat ro ret gitra ciic nhdm gidng. Sd hat/qua cua cac nhdm cam Valencia, Navel, Hamlm, Pineapple, Marrs deu thap hon 5 ha, .^^^ ^^^^ ^^
kidn sinh thai ft Van Giang-HmiL ,, ,„ 1,.^^^^^ ^^ ^ nhdm cam Valencia, Hamlin, Marre chi co tir 1 6 • 3,8 hat/qua, nhdm cam Bneapple cd hat nhieu nhit (i,2 hat/qua).
ldm gidng
"^arrs diu Danh gia chung, sd hat/qua cua cac nh, cam Valencia, Navel, Pineapple, Hamlin NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG J/JQJO
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
nhd hon 5 va dugc coi Id gidng cam khong hoac it hat, cd kha ndng bd sung vdo co eau gidng cam hifin tai trong nude.
4.KErLUANVABEniGH!
4.1. Kdt ludn
- Nhdm gidng cam Valencia, Navel, Pineapple, Hamlm, Marrs sinh trudng, phat tridn tdt, do ddng deu cao, do phan canh ldn, tan cdy can ddi, bg la xanh, dfi cham sdc, cdy cd nhifiu eanh dam, it canh vugt, nhieu Id, dac bifit la ban la to, thich hgp vdi san xuat d tinh Hung Yen. Nhin chung cac gidng ndy xuat hifin nu hoa vdo cudi thdng 1 dau thdng 2, nd rg vao trung tuan thang 2 va ket thiic vao cudi thang 2 va dau thang 3.
- Gidng cam Valencia sd 27 chin mugn vd gidng Pineaaple 41 chin trung binh la cac gidng kh6ng hat, cho nhieu qua, khdi lupng qua ldn va nang suat tirong ddi cao, cdc gid tri lan luot vdi cdy 5 tudi trdng tai Van Giang, Hung Yen Id 167,3 va 199,9 qua/cdy;
202,4 va 192,4 g/qua; 16,93 va 19,23 tan/ha.
- Nhdm gidng cam Valencia, Pineapple cd uu diem la rat it hat (tir 0 den dudi 5 hat, dugc coi la khdng hat theo tifiu chuan qudc te, so vdi gidng Xa Doai 17,5 hat/qua), ty lfi nude trong qua cao, rdt phii hop cho an tuoi va che bien.
4.2. Dd nghi
De nghi tiep tuc danh gia eae gidng mdi dugc luu giii trong nha ludi d giai doan hep theo.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vo Van Chi (1997). Tu didn cay tiiudc Viet Nam. Nha xuat ban Y hgc. Ha Ngi.
2. Pham Hodng Hg (1992). Cay co Viet Nam.
Quyen II, Tap 1, Montreal, 1992.
3. Tong cue Thdng kfi (2017). Tmh hinh kinh td - xa hgi.
4. FAO (2017). Commodity market review, Rome, Italy.
A STUDY ON THE SCREENING SOME ORANGE SEEDLESS CUTIVARS OF HIGH YIELD AND GOOD QUALITY USED FOR LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION IN VIET NAM
Le Quoc Hung, Ha Thi Thuy, Trinh Hong Son, Duong Ngo Tiianh Trung, Vu Anh Tuan, Nguyen Van Toan, Tran Van Bmh, Nguyen Ihi Mai Thanh, Do Nang Vinh
Summary
Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) is one of the important fruit in many countnes over the world including Vietaam. It is, however, obvious that most of orange vaneties cultivated in whole country are local ones characterized by low yield and not very good quality in which seedy fruit is considered as main constrains for large scale of the production that needs to be sutably solved. With the aim of selecting promising cultivars of oranges in terms of high productivity with acceptable quality, a range of orange cultivarsintroduced from ousides were evaluated and screened in the form of field expenments conducted in Van Giang district. Hung Yen province. Results showed that cultivar Valencia No 27 regarded as late cultivar and cultivar Pineapple No 41 considered as the mid one were promising cultivars indicated by high yield (16.93 and 19.23 tons/ha respectively for 5 years old orchard), big sized fruit (202.04 and 192.4 g/a fruit respectively) and no seed availability.
Keywords: Orange varieties, testing, Hung Yen, productivity, seedless.
Ngudi phan bien: GS.TS. Vu M^nh Hai Ngdy nhdn bdi: 27/02/2020 Ngdy thdng qua phdn bifin: 27/3/2020 Ngdy duydt ddng: 3/4/2020
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020 27
