Cdng nghiip rimg
\ PHAN TICH VI QUAN SlT PHAN B 6 V A T A C D ^ N G CUA SQl TRONG HON HQfP SMA
Dang Van Thanh\ Cheng Pei Feng^
'TS. Trudng Dgi hpc Ldm nghidp, Vi$t Nam
^GS. Tnrdng Dgi hpc Ldm nghiep Ddng Bdc, Trung QuSc T O M T A T
SMA (Stone Matrix AsphaU) li lo^i mat duimg bd t6ng dt phan kilu mdi dang dugc nghien oiu va img dyng.
Day la mft losii v^t li§u hSn hpp, tinh nSng cda n6 va tfnh chdt cda nguySn, v^t lifU t^io thinh c6 quan hfi rdt m§t thilt. V(W myc dich nghifin cinx ca ly tic dvmg vi sy phSn bl ciia spi trong hSn hpp SMA, tir d6 xac djnh ham lupng spi hpp ly; nghifin cihi sii dyng ba lo^i sgi li spi h&u co, spi khoang vi spi ting hgp v<Si cac him lugng sgi khdc nhau, sd dyng miy chyp hhih vi quan difn tii, ti^n hanh phan tich kit clu vi quan hSn hpp SMA.
Kk qui chi r5 sy dfah kit gitta n h ^ dirdng vi ba lo^ spi d^u rdt tit, spi c6 tdc dyng nSng cao khi nfing chju tai ciia h5n hgp, ngin ngda s\r hhih thinh va phit triin vlt nirt; khi him lupng spi d^t din gii trj tii iru, trong hSn hgp spi hinh tfianh k^ cdu m^ng khflng gian c6 tac dyng rdt tit cho vifc cai thien tinh nfing cua hin hpp.
TD- khda: Hdm ItrfWg sfi, ph&n tfch vl quan: SMA, sgi, tfnh phdn tdn cda s^
LDATVANDE Tdc gid sii dyng mdy chyp hinh vi quan difn tii Hon h(^ SMA la mft loai \^t Ufu phiic
hgp, cd kit cdu phiic tgp, Ididng ddng chat;
nguyen vgt lifu vd kit cdu tl thdnh cd quan hf m§t thilt vdi tinh ndng ciia hon hpp. SMA ngodi vifc dya vdo ket cau khung xuong ciia hdm luqmg ldn d t lifu ldn, dilu d ^ bift la trong thdnh phan cdn cd s<;ri phy gia va nhya dudng cdi tinh. De iing dyng hgp ly hSn hop SMA, ngodi vifc nghiSn ciiu cdc chi tieu tuih ndng cda hon h(?p, vifc nghiSn cihi cdc d^c diem ve cdu tgo vd ket cau vi quan ciia nd Id rat cdn thilt, md tii trudc din nay van cdn rdt it cdc bdo cdo ket qud nghien ciiu ve ITnh vyc ndy.
Bang 01. Cap phoi vat li$u khodng cua SMA-16
(kinh difn tii), phdn tich tdc dyng cda spi, dnh hudng cua sy phan bl vd ham lugng sgi din cdc tinh ndng ciia SMA.
ILVATUfUVAPHU'ONGFHAPNGHlfelVCCltJ 2.L Vdt hfu
- Dli tugng nghien ciiu dugc lya chgn Id h5n fagp SMA-16.
- Ti If cdp phoi ciia vat lifu khodng sii dyng cho hon hgp dugrc gfai d bdng 01. Cit lifu ldn vd cit lifu nhd Id logi dugrc nghiin tir dd huyin vu, cd khii lugmg thi tich Id 2.84g/cm^; dudng kinh danh dinh ldn nhdt ciia c6t Ufu Id 16nim.
L 5 s ^ g (nun) L?t sing (%) ChopMp(%)
19 100 100
16 13.2 95.1 81.9 90-100 65-85
9.5 53.7 45-65
4.75 25.3 20-32
2.36 18.4 15-24
1.18 16.2 14-22
0.6 14.0 12-18
0.3 12.1 10-15
0.15 10.8 9-14
0.075 9.4 8-12 - Bgt khodng sir d\mg bgt da voi, c6 kh6i
lugng thi tfch la 2.78g/cm^ ti 1$ \\iqtx% lot qua
sang 0.75mni 14 87.7%.
- Sgi sii dvmg ba loai 14: sgi hftu co, sgi
84 T ^ CHt KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHf LAM NGHIfP S6 1-2014
'^ Cong nghiep rUhg
khoang vd soi tdng hop; hinh dnfa ve cdc loai sgi vd m f t sd cfai tieu ky thudt dugc t h i hifn d hmh 01 vd bdng 02.
- Chat ket dinh sii dyng nhya dudng cdi tinh SBS-90, vdi cdc chi tieu ky thugt the hifn d bdng 03.
a) Sgi hfhi cg b) Sgi khoing c) Sgi ting hgp Hinh 01. Hinh dnh ve ba logi sgi sd dgng Bang 02. Mpt so ehi tieu ky thupt cda ba loai soi sir dgng
Chi tieu S^ hftu CO S^kho^g Sgi t6ng hop
Sam Den Titog Bang 03.
DOdM (mm)
<S 6 6
Dufmgldnh ftun)
46 15 14-50 Mpt si ehl tiiu kp thugt i
ChitiSu
DO hut Cuimg do TI trpng
DUdc chju k6o (g/m)
^ (%) (MPa) 1.6 12-15
2.463 <0.1 3000-4840 1.36 2 > 500 ctia nhf^ dirong cdi tinh SBS-90 Giii trj t h ^ Gid tri yeu c4u
DOpH
7.5±1
D 0 1 i i n k i m a 2 5 ° C ( c m )
DO dan d ^ Scm/min , 5'C(cm)
Nhiet d f h 6 a m i m (°C)
Nhi?t df chdy (%)
Nhift dfbficchayCX;) Khoi lirgng rieng (g/cm^)
76.5
101 298 1.05
*55
•1:99
*230
-
2J2. P h i n m g p h d p nghien cihi
Trong nghifin ciiu vi quan thudng diing cac phuong phdp; sir dyng mdy chyp fainh vi quan difn tOc (kinh dien tii), phan tich quang phd h i n g ngogi, phdn tich trgng Iugng...; trong do phuong phdp dimg kinh difn tu du<7c sir dyng khd p h i bien, vdi ky thugt hinh dnh cd do phdn
gidi cao phuong phdp nay da chiem uu the hon hdn cdc phuong phap khdc. Chinh vi vdy, tdc gia chpn phucmg ptidp dung kinh dien tu de nghifin ciiu vi quan hon h^p SMA. Logi thifit hi dugrc sii dyng la kinh difn tii cd nhan hifu
"QUANTA200" cd b l ngodi nhu hmh 02.
Tham khdo cac k i t qud nghien ciiu trudc ve T^ cm K H O A H Q C VA C 6 N G N G K i : L A M NGHIl^P S 6 1 - 2014 85
Cong nghiep rifhg sir dung 3 loai sod nay trong hdn hop SMA, ddi
vdi moi loai scri, sii dung luong dung nhua tdi im de ehe tao cac mau thi nghiem MarhaU va lam thi nghiem pha hoai niit trong dieu kien kit bang va tan bang (Freeze-thaw splitting test) cua cac loai hdn hgp vdi cac ham lugng sgi khac nhau. De thay dugc ro hem tac dung cua sgi khi hdn hgp SMA chiu ngoai luc, lay mau tir be mat bi pha hoai cua cac mau thi nghiem niit do dong ciing va tan ra de tien hanh lam thi nghiem chup hinh vi quan. Moi loai hon hgp SMA dugc chgn va ehe tac it nhat 3 mau vdi kich thudc mau: chieu dai x chieu rgng x chilu cao vdo Idiodng 3 cm x 3 cm x 2cm, sau dd dugrc dua vdo mdy mg vdng trudc
khi lam thi nghiem chup hinh. Mau thi nghiem trudc va sau Ichi ma vang dugc the hien d hinh 03 va hinh 04.
Hinh 02. Kinh hiin vi dipn td (QUANTAIOO)
^#.l^^«l^^
i9«* #«« '
%^p^m^^^ i-
Hinh 03. Mau trir&c khi mg vdng
^B^KKKm^j^^M
Hinh 04. Mau sau khi /np vang
Mhi thi nghi$m ma vang xong dugc dua vao ch\ip hinh bing ldnh di?n tir. Can phai l\ra chgn vj tri chyp hmh sao cho: co thi quan sat ro rSng tmh ti?ng phan bo cua sgri trto mSt ngo4i mau b) niit; tirng bu6c phong d^ vi tri sgi bj kio dirt; sv lito ket gitta sgi -vi hon hgp.
Doi v6i cac mau c6 h^m lugng sgi tuong doi ldn, cin ch\ip hinh anh phdng to d j thi hien r8 hi^n tugng v6n kit va su sip xip ciia sgi trong hon hgp. Ngoai ra cht phong dai vj tri sgi bac
ngang qua cac l5 rong, di tit d6 thiy dugc vai tro cua sgi trong vi?c liSn kit, giiS In djnh chong niift.
m. K 6 T QUA NGHIEN Ctm VA THAO LU.^
3.1. Li€n ket giihl nhva dudng cSi tinh v^ s^i Tmh trang Uen kit giOa 3 Ioai sgi vk nbtfn duong cii tinh trong hon hgp SMA dugc the hiSndhtahOS.
86 TALP cm KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHf LAM NGHIJ;? S 6 1-2014
Cong nghiep rifhg
' a) SMA sgi h&u cff " ^ ^ " b) SMA sgi khodng a) SMA sgi ting hgp HjDh 05. Tinh trgng liin kit giira sgi vd nhga dirdng cdi tinh Thdi^ qua cdc binh dnh thu dugc chi ro, sy
USn kit gjiia cdc logi sgi vd nhya dudng cdi tinh Ax tdt. Tii hinfa 05 cho th4y, tii phan goc den klidp bfi mat sgri dfiu dugc bdo bgc bdi nhya dudng, the hifn sy hdp thy nhya dudng ciia cdc logi sgi diu rdt tot, ddy kfadng cfai la lifin kit CO gidi md cdn cd dgng lifin kit hda hgc, do do sy tham gia cua sgi Idm cho cdc tinh ndng cua hon hgp dugc cdi thifn.
Nhin bdng mdt thudng, be m|t cua sgi cd vfi bdng phdng va tron chu, nhung khi xem dnh vi quan phdr^ to ta thay, be mgt sgi ili ldm
ffaing nut cfia sgi trong SMA
khdng bdng phdng. Tii Mnh OS cd thi thiy, nhya dudng da dugc ldp day trong cdc cho lom tren bfi mgt ciia sgi, tgo nen moi lifin ket ch$t cfag hon; chinh dilu ndy da ldm tdng difn ticfa tilp xiic gitta bfi mat sgi vd nfaya dudng. Do cd sy lien kit va tfaam tfaau gitia sgi vd nhya dudng, ldm cho cudng df dinfa kit trfin m$t tilp xiic ldn faon cudng df dinh kit cda bdn thdn nhya dudng cdi tinh. Cudng df dinh kit tdng cao ldm cho cdc tinh ndng c ^ hSn hgp SMA dimg sgi va nhya dudng cdi tinh cung dugc cdi thien.
a) H3D hgp khSng sgi •^-' b) SMA sgi hfl-u Cff b) SMA sgi khodng Hinh 06. Tdc dgng chong nut eua sgi trong SMA
b)SMAsgitSaghgp
Vi quan tren bfi mdt bi phd hogi mit cda cdc logi SMA dung ba logi sgi vd khdng diing sgi dugc thi hifn d cdc fainh 06. Tir hinh 06a cd thi thdy, trfin m|t ngoai mau bi phd hogi nut cua hon hgp khdng dung sgi cd rat nhilu vlt mit, dong thdi vin ton tgi nhilu ch5 bi tdch ldp, lien kit giua cdc ldp kem. Tir hinh 06b - d cd
thi thdy, cdc loai sgi diu dugc phdn bo dpc ngang dan chfio trong hSn hgp SMA, hinh thdnfa kit cdu mgng khdng gian. Kieu ket cau mgng khdng gjan nay khdng chi cd tdc dyng tn^'en lyc, ma cdn cd tac dyng ngdn cdn sy tron trugt gjua cdc hgt, h&i kit tdng thi hon hgp, cdn trd vd ldm digm sy lunh didnh vd phdt tiiln vet nut
T ^ CHI KHOA HQC vA C 6 N G NGHJg: LAM NGHl£P S6 1 - 2014 87
Cong nghiep ri/ng Tir huifa 06 cdn cho tfaly, sgi phdn bd dan
chfio trong cdc lo rdng nhd, md sgi lgi cd kha ndng cfaiu kfio tuong d l i ldn, do dd cd tdc dyng ngdn cdn sy md rgng ciia cdc v l t niit vd Id rong;
ddy cung cfainh Id mgt sy bii d^p cho nhiing hgn ehe cua nfi bf cot hfu trong hon hgp, ndng cao khd ndng chong nut cua hSn hgp.
Dong thdi, trfin b l mat mSu hi phd hogi niit ta thay chilu dai cdc logi sgi d i u ldn hon b l rfng cua cdc vlt mit, 1§ rong; sgi ddm bdo tinfa chiu kfio vd dinh kit rdt tdt vdi nhya dudng, do dd cd tdc dyng rd rft trong vifc pfadn bo dong dfiu ling sudt trong nfi bf, ndng cao cudng dg chju kfio vd ching niit cho hon hgp. Khi hSn hgrp SMA chiu tdi trgng vd cdc tdc dfng khdc, cdc logi sgi phdn b l trong hSn hgp se cd tdc dyng cdn trd sy xuat faifn vd pfadt trifin ciia v l t niit, tuong t y nhu tdc dyng cua cdt thfip trong bfi tdng xi mdng.
3 3 . Anh hvcmg ciia ham lirgng sfri den tfnh nang cua hSn hgrp SMA
Bang 04. Hdm lugng sgi cua ba logi SMA
Logi SMA Him lugng sgi ( % ) SMA-16 sgihmi CO 0.26 ; 0.31 ; 0.38 SMA- 16 sgi kho^g 0.30 ; 0.40 ; 0.50 SMA-16sgit6nghgp 0.15 ; 0.25 ; 0.35 D I phan tich tinh trang phdn b l cda ba logi sgi trong nfi bO h5n hgp vdi cdc ham lupng sgi khdc nhau, ldy hdm lupng sgi t i i uu tuong ling vdi ba logi hSn hgp SMA ldm trung tdm, sau do lAy thfim faai gid tri 1<^ bon vd nhd faon gid tri t i i uu d l lam thi nghifm. Hdm lugng spi nghien ctiu la ti If p h i n tram gitta trgng lupng sgi vd vgt lifu kfaodng (cdt lifu vd bp kfaodng).
Cu t h i v l vifc lya chgn fadm lupng sgi tuor^
ling vdi cdc logi hon hpp SMA dugc ghi d bdng 04.
a) SMA sgi hChi cff 0.26% b) SMA sgi hfhi cff 0.31%
Hinh 07. Phdn bi cda sgi hiru cff vdi cdc hdm lugng khdc nhau
a) SMA sgi kho^Dg 0 J*/« b) SMA sgi khoing 0.4% c) SMA sgi khodng 0.5%
Hinh 08. Phdn bi c&a sgi khodng vdi cdc hdm lugng khdc nhau TAP CHI KHOA HQC v A C 6 N G N G H ? L A M N G H I | : P S 6 1 - 2014
_C^ng nghiep rimg
a) SMA sgi ting hgp 0.15% " ^ • " b / S M A sgi'tlng hi^p 0.ij/o ^ c) SMA sgi ting hgp 0.35%
Hinh 09. Phdn bS cda sgi ting hgp vdi cdc hdm Itrgng khdc nhau Tir cdc hinfa 7-9a cd tfai thdy, khi ham
lugng spi nhd, trong hSn fagp sgi dupc pfadn bl deu, nhung do lupng spi nhd nen chua dii dl tdnh thdnh kit cdu mgng ludi khdng gian, sy Hfin ket gitta spi vdi sgi kfim. Khi ham lugng spi toi iru, trong hon hgp sgi dupc phdn bl diu (cdc hinh 7-9b), sgi dugc dan chfio ngang dpc, hinh thdnh kit cdu mgng khdng gian, gitta cdc sgi dupc dien day ho chdt kit dinh dupc tgo thdnh tCr bft khodng vd nhya dudng cai tinfa.
Mgng khdng gian spi khdng chi cd tdc dyng plidn tdn hay tieu gidm tai trgng, md cdn cd thi khdc phyc hien tugng trugt tron gitta cdc hgt, lifin kit hon hgp thdnh mft thi thing nhdt, ldm chdm toe df phdt triin cua vlt niit. Khi hdm lugng sgi tuong dli ldn (cdc hinh 7-9c), trong
hdn fapp sgi phdn bd khdng dong diu, sy kit bd ddn ddng rdt rd rft, sy lifin kit gitta spi vdi nhya dudng, hot khodng va cdt lifu trong hon hpp kfim faon; van cdn thdy nhilu spi d trgng thdi rdi rgc, do dd khdng phat huy dupc tdc dyng cua sgi.
Kit qud tht nghifm xdc dinfa cudng df cfaong mit cua cac mlu thi ngfaif m dupc ehl tgo tir ba logi sgi trong dilu kifn kit bang vd tan bdng dugc ghi d bdng 05. Trong dd: TSR Id ti s6 (tmh bdng %) gitta cudng df chiu keo chdng niit cua mau dd qua vd chua qua kit bdng - tan bdng; RTI Id cudng dg chiu kfio chdng nut cua mau chua qua ket bdng - tan bdng; RT2 Id cudng df chiu kfio ching nut ciia mau da qua ket bang - tan bang.
[x>9iSMA
SMA-16 spi httu CO
SMA-16 soi kho^g
SMA-16 soi t6ng hgp
Bang OS. Kit qui
H^m luong sgi (%) 0.26 0.31 0.38 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.15 0.25 0.35
thinghiftn
RTI (MPa) 0.582 0.627 0.551 0.624 0.651 0.617 0.592 0.660 0.601
nut khi ket bdng
RnCMPa) 0.500 0.542 0.468 0.537 0.568 0.536 0.497 0.557 0.506
- tan bdng
TSR{%) 85.94 86.47 84.97 86.00 87.22 86.80 83.95 84.51 84.18
Gtiicbfi H ^ luong soi nhd H^m luong t6i uu H ^ luong soi 1 ^ H ^ luong soi nhd H ^ luong t6i uu H ^ luong soi 16n H ^ luong soi nhd H ^ tuong tdi uu H ^ luong soi ldn
T^ CHl KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHf L A M NGHUflP S6 1 - 2014 89
Cong ngiiiep nmg Tir k i t qua d b d i ^ 5 cd t h i thdy, vdi cdc loai
sgi, dnh hudng cua hdm lugng sgi dfin hdn hpp SMA rat rd rdng: khi hdm Iugng spi toi uu, tinh ndng cua hon hpp SMA la tdt nhat; khi ham lupng sgi nhd qud hodc ldn qud diu khdng thfi phdt huy hodn toan tdc dung cda sgi. K i t qud tfai nghifm ndy rdt phu hpp vdi kit qua phan ticfa vi quan.
IV. KtT LUAN
Six dyng kinh difn tii, chyp hinh vd phan tich vi quan cdc mau hon hgp hi phd hogi mit khi khdng dimg vd dimg ba logi sgi khac nhau, dd tfau dupc cdc ket qud sau:
1) Sy dinfa kit gitta cdc logi spi va nfaya dudng cdi tmfa deu rdt tdt, ddy Id y l u to ddm bdo vd ndng cao khd ndng chdng chju va dieu hda biln dgng ciia hon hgp SMA.
2) Trong hSn fapp SMA cd ba logi sgi deu cd kfad ndng dan chfio dpc ngang, hinh thdnh ket cdu mgng khdng gian, tang cudng sy lien ket trong ngi bg hSn hgp, nang cao khd ndng cfaong chju ngogi lyc va lam chgm tdc df phdt triin vlt mit.
3) Khi hdm lugng sgi chua vugt qud gia trj
toi uu, sy phdn b6 ciia sgi trong hSn fapp tuong d l i d i u va cd t h i phdt huy h i t tac dyng, ldm cdi thifn rdt ro rft tfnh ndng ciia hon hgp. Khi hdm lupng spi qua ldn, sgi se phan bo khdng deu vd de dang dan d i n hifn tupng k i t bd, tdc dyng ciia sgi sfi khdng dugc phdt huy fait, dSn d i n ldng phi vd dnh hudng xdu d i n tinh ndng cua hdn hpp.
T A I L i f u T H A M K H A O
1. Anderson D.A (1999). Superpave Binder Tests and Specification. In Workshop Brieiing, Performance Related Properties for Bitummous Bmders, 5:23-31.
2. Askeri Karakus (2011). "Investigating on possible use of Diyarbakir basalt waste in Stone Mastic Asphalt".
Construction and Building Materials: 1-6.
3. Bahia HU et al (1998). Classfication of A^hdt Binders into Simple and Complex Binders. AAPT, 57:41-64.
4. Dang Van Thanh et al (2011). "Analysis of High Temperature Stability and Water Stability of SMA Mixture using Orthogonal Experiments". International Joumal of Civil and Structural Engineering,!: 626-638.
5. Dang Van Thanh, Cheng Pei Feng (2013). "Shi<fy on influence factors of high temperature and -water stability of Stone Matrix Asphalt". Advanced Materials Research Vols. 602-604: 1014-1020.
M I C R O - O B S E R V A T I O N A N A L Y S I S O N T H E D I S T R I B U T I O N A N D E F F E C T S O F F I B E R S I N S M A M I X T U R E
Dang Van Thanh, Cheng Pei Feng SUMMARY
SMA (Stone Matrix Asphalt) is the new technology of asphah concrete pavement which is already researched and applied. This is a composite material whose forming material's features and properties has a closed relationship. In order to determine a reasonable fiber content, the dishibution and physico-mechanical properties of the fiber in SMA mixture is estimated in which three type of fiber including lignin, basalt and polyester fiber under different contents are mvestigated with the supports of scanning electron microscope. As the result, micro-obsevation analysis of SMA mixture is analized. The research results show that there is a good adhesive condition between aspalt and three above fiber that offers a great supporting capaci^ and prevents from being cracked. When the fiber content reaching an optimal value, fiber m SMA mixture is formed to a spacial grid structure. This results in a better performance in the mixture properties.
Keywords: Fiber, fiber dispersity, fiber content, micro - observation analysis, scanning electron microscope, SMA Ngudiphdn bipn: PGS.TS. Lfi Van Thai
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 20/01/2014 Ngdy phdn biin: 20/01/2014 Ngdy quyet dfnh ddng: 07/3/2014
90 T ^ c m KHOA HQC vA CdNG NGH|; LAM NGHEf P S6 1 - 2014
