H6 Ngoc Son vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE
ANH HlTCfNG CUA THCJI V y GIEO tTOM D^N TY LE SONG CUA CAY SA M O C DAU {Cunninghamia konishii Hayata) * TRONG GIAI DOAN VU"6fN U'GfM T . ^ H A GIANG
H6 Ngpc Son*, Nguygn Thj Thu Ho^n Trudng Dai hoc Nong Lam - DH Thai Nguyen TOM TAT
Nghifin cuu anh hudng cua thdi vu gieo uom d^n sinh trudng c3y con Sa mpc dau tai vudn ucrni tinh Wk Giang dupe b6 tri theo 3 cong thilc thi nghi§m tuoing iing vdi 3 thdi vu li: Vy Thu (thing 9), vy Dong (thang 11) va vy Xuan (thing 2), ket qua cho thiy d vu Dong cay cd ty le song cao nhat la 57,8%; vu Thu vdi ty le la 47,8%; thap nhit la vy xuan c6 ty IS s6ng dat la 27,8%. 6 vu Dong cSy con cd t6c dp t3ng trudng chieu cao la cao nhat (8,30 cm) va dudng kinh g6c la cao nhit (0,18 cm). Tong hgp cac chi tifiu theo dOi cho thay gieo hat vao diu vu D6ng hat co siic nay mim tat hon.
Tti-khoa: Thoivu, gieo uam, Sa mgc ddu, tyle sdng, dnh hu&ng
MODAU
Sa mpc dau c6 ten khoa hpc 1^
(Cunninghamia konishii Hayata), thupc hp But mpc (Taxodiaceae) la mpt trong so loai cSy la kim d Viet Nam, cd phan bo tu nhiSn d vimg nui cao thupc cac tinh phia bic va mien trung Vipt Nam. Day la logi cay g6 Idn, thd g6 dpp va dac biet la co chiia tinh dau trong cac thanh phan cua cay, thudng mpc tr^n cac dinh niii da cd do cao tii 500 - 1500 m so vdi mat nude bien. Sa mpc dau bit dau ra hoa vao thing 1-2, kit qua vao thang 9-10. Hat bit dau thu hai tir liic qua chin tii thang 9-12 [3].
Tai tinh Ha Giang, cay Sa mpc dau phan bo tu nhien d cac huyen Vi Xuyen, Hoang Su Phi va Quan Ba. Trong nhirng nam gan day, trudc nguy ca khai thac lay go dan den loai cay nay cd the bj tuypt chiing. Trong nhiing nam vua qua, da cd mpt so c6ng trinh nghien ciru \h nhgn giong cay ban dia phyc vy bao ton nguon gen nhu: Bach xanh, Po mu, Th6ng do, Re gCi'ng, Vu huang. Tuy nhien, nhChig nghien ciru ve cSy Sa mpc dau cdn tan mgn, dac bipt la nghien ciiu anh hudng ciia thdi vy den nhan gi6ng va cham sdc cay con trong giai dogn vudn uam, Vi vgy nghien ciiu "Anh hudng cua thai vit gieo nam den khd ndng sinh trtrong cdy con Sa mgc ddu trong gian
Tel. 0976 501716
dogn vudn uom tgi Hd Giangi" la can thiet nham tim ra thdi vu gieo uam thich hop nhat de nang cao ty I? sdng ciia cay con trong giai doan vudn uom.
DOI TUONG, PHAM VI, N O I DUNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClJU Boi titpng va phgm vi nghien citu: Ddi tupng nghien ciru la cay Sa mpc dau, nhan gi6ng tir hat, dupe thii nghiem gieo uom theo miia vu khac nhau tai vudn uom tinh Ha Giang.
Npi dung nghiin cuu:
- Anh hudng ciia thdi vu gieo den ty Ip nay mam ciia hat;
- Anh hudng cua thdi vu gieo den ty Ip song cua cay con Sa mpc dau;
- Anh hudng ciia thdi vu gieo den sinh trudng ciia cay con Sa mpc dau.
Phu-ffng phdp nghien c^u Phucmg phap bo tri thi nghiim
Thf nghipm duac 66 tri theo khoi ngau nhign day dii 3 lin lgp, 30 cay/cong thiic/lin lap, Tong so la 270 cay. Hat gidng sau khi xir 1^
dupe tra tryc tiep vao bau. Thanh phan h6n hpp rupt bau dong nhat d cac c6ng thtic thi nghiem, vd bau bang Polyetylen kfch thudc 9* 13 cm, cd day due 16 hai ben, cac c6ng thiic thi nghiem nhu sau:
- Cong thiic I gieo hat vao vu Thu (thang 9);
27
H6 Ngpc Son vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 177(01): 27-31
- Cong thiic 2 gieo hat vao vy Dong (thang 11);
- Cdng thirc 3 gieo hat vao vy Xuan (thang 2).
Phucmg phap Iheo doi thi nghiim Trong thdi gian b6 tri thi nghiem, cac c6ng thdc thi nghiem duac b6 trf hoan toan trong vudn uom khdng cd ludi che, khdng ap dung che sang. Cac bien phap cham soc khac nhu.
Tudi nude, lam cd, pha vang dupe ap dung dong nhat. Cac chi tieu theo doi nhu: Ty le nay mim, ty le sdng, sinh trudng ve DM, H™
dupe do dim dinh ky 10 ngay/lan cho den 90 ngay (cuoi dpt thi nghigm). So Meu dupe xu
\^ theo phuang phap thong ke trong lam nghiep bang phan mem Excel.
Phuv-ng phdp xii- ly so lieu
* Phuang phap tfnh toan cac chi tieu theo d5i Tir cac so lieu ngoai nghiep de tk\ tien hanh tinh toan cac chi tieu theo cong thuc sau:
- Ty le song, ty lp nay mam: ^°'^ ~ « ^°°
Trong do-. C/o-, Ty le song, n: 86 cay s6ng, N:
Tong cay s6 gieo hgt.
- Chieu cao trung binh cua cay d moi c6ng t h u c : " " " ' ' « = ^
Trong do: HvnTB: La chieu cao trung binh ciia cay. ^h: La tong sd do chieu cao cac cay.
M: la tong so cay
- Dudng kinh trung binh ciia cay d mdi cdng thiic:'"'"'•« = ¥
Trong do-, ^d: La tong s6 do dudng kinh cac cay; M: la tong s6 cay.
Ty le cay dgt tieu chuan xuat vudn:
Trong do: X: La ty le xuat vudn (%)), x. La so cay dat tieu chuin (Pham chit TB + Tdt), N:
La tong s6 cay gieo hat
* Kiem tra th6ng ke anh hudng ciia thdi vu d6n kk qua thi nghiem bing phuang phap phan tich phuong sai 1 nhan td tren phin mim Excel 7.0 [4].
* K6t qua tim c6ng thiic trdi nhat: So sanh trj s6 sai khac nhd nhat cd y nghTa theo tigu chuin Student vdi hieu cua hai gia trj trung binh miu Idn thii nhat va mau trung binh Idn thti hai.
Trong dd S" = ¥ « - « ia sai tieu chuan ngau nhign. ni va nj: La dung lupng mau ling vdi cdng thiic thi nghiem cd s6 trung binh Idn nhSt vathii hai.
KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN
Anh hirdng cua thdi vu gieo den ty le nay mam cua hat Sa moc dau
Ket qua nghien cuu dupe the hien d bang 1 nhu sau:
ThM giaiT^
Tong so cay
lOng^y
20 ngSy
30 ttg&y
Bang 1. Sd cdy vd ty If (%) Cong thu«
-->, Chitiiu thi nghiem
Tone so cay moc 3 lan NL (Nhac l?i)
So cay moc TB ciia CTTN T j 1? (%)
Tong so cSy moc 3 13n NL So cay moc TB cua CTTN Ty 1? {%)
Tong s6 cay moc 3 ISn NL S6 c§y moc TB cua CTTN Ty le (%)
ndy mdm ciid hat a cdc cong thiic thi CT 1 (Vu thu
thing 9) 90 33 11,0 36,7 39 13,0 43,3 45 15,0 50,0
CT 2 (Vu a6ng thine 11)
90 21 7,0 23,3 45 15,0 50,0 54 18,0 60,0
nghiim CT 3 (Vv XuSn
thine 2 ) 90 10 3,3 II.1 24 8.0 26,7 25 8,3 27,8 Ket qua bang I cho thiy, sau 10 ngay gieo hgt ty Ig nay mim ciia 3 cdng thiic cd sy khac nhau ro rgt. Cdng thiic 1 cd ty le cay mgc la cao nhat dgt 36,7% (33/90 cay mpc mam). Sau 20 ngay thi ca
Ho Ngoc Son vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 177(01): 2 7 - 3 1
3 cdng thiic dgu da tang so l u a n g cay nay mam, Trong dd cdng thiic 2 cd sd cay nay mam cao nhat vdi 45 cay dgt ty le la 50%;
cdng thii'c 1 cd so cSy nay m i m t h i p hon la 39 cay, dat ty le 43,3%.; cdn cdng thuc 3 chi cd 24/90 cay nay mam vdi ty le nay m i m thap nhat la 26,7%), Sau 30 ngay ty le nay mam d cdng thiic 1 va 2 la kha cao 50-60%i; cdng thiic 3 dat t y l e la 27,8%,
o < f : - ^ : ^ - .
ciia hgt chgm hon so vdi cdng thiic 1, tuy nhien sau 30 ngay ty le nay mam cua hat dgt ty le cao nhat la 60%i va s6 cay mam la 54 cay. C6ng thtrc 3 hat d u a c gieo vao vu Xuan, la thdi diem ma thdi tiet thuan Ipi cho sinh trudng ciia cay, ciing nhu su nay mam cua hat, nhung ket qua cho thay tuy day la thdi diem ra lgc chinh ciia cac loai cay trong trong nam nhung so hgt nay mam thi ty lg sdng lgi thap hon ca, do hat sau khi thu hai keo dai thdi gian bao quan sg anh hudng den siic nay mam.
Hinh I, Ty 14 cdy song & cong thuc I vd cong thicc 2 sau 30 ngdy
N h u vgy, ta thay thdi gian nay mam d cac cong thiic cd su khac nhau ro ret va phy thupc vao thdi vy gieo hat. C) c6ng thiic 1 hat dupe gieo vao vu Thu, thdi gian nay do thdi tiet thugn Ipi, nen toe dp nay mam ciia hgt ciing kha nhanh so vdi cong thiic khac. O cdng thirc 2 hat d u g c gieo vao vu D6ng khi do thai tiet da Ignh hon, do vay thdi gian nay mam
Bang 2, Ket qud nghien ciru vi ty
Hinh 2. Th&i gian ndy mdm cua hat a cdc cong thdc thi nghiem
N h u vay khi can cii vao thdi gian nay mam cua hat, d cac cdng thuc cd su khac nhau rd ret va phu thupc chat che vao thdi tiet, thdi gian thu hai va bao quan hgt gidng.
T y II song d cac cong t h u c thi n g h i e m Ket qua d u a c tdng hpp vao bang 2 dudi day, Kgt qua bang 2 cho thay ty le s6ng giira cac c6ng thuc cd sy khac nhau dao dpng tii' 2 7 , 8 % den 57,8%i; trong do cong thixc 3 cd ty le s6ng thap nhat la 27,8%o. Mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhan la do cdng thiic 3 tign hanh gieo hat vao chinh vy Xuan, khi do thdi tiet lanh va khd hanh n6n su van chuygn nude va khoang chat tir dudi len bg phan ciia cay kem, benh hgi phat trien, nguon gi6ng d u p e bao quan sau mpt thdi gian nen nang lyc nay mam t h i p , do la nguygn nhan lam giam ty le song ciia cay d cudi dpt thf nghiem.
le song a cuoi dot thi nghiim T 6 n g s i c S y s 6 n g 3 l^n SficSysongTB o c ^ c Cong thiic TN S ^ c S y T N
C T i C T 2 C T 3 TSng
90 90
NL (cay) 43 52
CTTN (cSy) 13,3 17,3
Ty le (%)
" 47^8 57,8 27,8
Ho Ngpc Son vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 177(01): 27-31
Hinh 3. Ty li song Sa mgc ddu cudi dot thi nghiim Kgt qua phan tfch phuang sai cho thay F tfnh
= 63,0 > Fos = 5,143 (Fcrit) chiing td thdi vy khac nhau cd anh hudng den ty lg song ciia eay con, Digu nay nghTa la vigc phan cip c6ng thiic thf nghiem la cd -y nghia. Kgt qua tim cdng thuc trdi nhat: Tinh toan cd gia tri t
= 7,54. Tra bang Student ta cd to,os = 2,4469 {vdi « = 0,05 va bac tu do k = 3(3-1) = 6}.
Ta thay t > t o.o5, dieu nay co nghTa la cong thuc 2 (dupe gieo hat vao vy dong) cd anh hudng troi nhat.
Ket qua danh gia tang tru'dng chieu cao va dudng kinh cay con
Kgt qua theo doi dupe tdng hop vao bang 3, Bang 3, Tdng Iru&ng chiiu cao vd du&ng kinh cua
cdy Sa mgc ddu Cong thiiv Doo (cm) Hvn (cm)
C T I CT2 CT3
0,123 0,177 0,097
6,97 8,30 5,45 Dan Ii?u bang trgn cho thay Doo d lan do cu6i dpt thf nghiem bien ddng tir 0,097-0,177 cm.
Doi vdi sinh trudng chigu cao cdng thiic 2 cho gia tri cao nhit (dat 8,3 cm), tiep den la cong thiic I (dat 6,97 cm) va thip nhit la cdng thiic 3 (dat 5,45 cm).
* Ket qua phan tich phucmg sai cho thay gia tri F tinh (Hvn)=17,77 > FQS = 5,1433 (Fcrit), F tinh (Doo) = 5,3950 > F05 = 5,1433 (Fcrit), chiing td thdi vy khac nhau cd anh hudng den sinh trudng chigu cao va dudng kfnh cay con Sa mpc dau. Cdng thiic trpi nhit: Vi thdi vy gieo hat khac nhau cd anh hudng khde nhau den sinh trudng chieu cao va dudng kinh cay.
Kgt qua tinh toan t (Hvn) = 26,05, t (Doo) = 387,7, tra bang Student ta cd to.os = 2,4469 {vdi « = 0,05 va bac ty do k = 3(3-1) = 6}.
Ta thay t > to,os> dieu nay cd nghTa la cdng thiic 2 (dupe gieo hat vac vu Dong) co anh hudng trdi nhat.
Hlnh 4. Do du&ng kinh vd chieu cao cdy Sa mgc ddu Danh gia tinh hinh sinh trirdng ciia cay con Sa mdc dau
De danh gia cay dgt tieu chuan xuit vudn can phai dua vao nhieu chi tigu khac nhau.
Vi vSy vipc danh gia tinh hinh sinh trudng c6 mpt ^ nghTa quan trpng. Kgt qua danh gia chung ve tinh hinh sinh trudng dupe tdng hpp vko bang 4,
S6 ligu bang 4 ta thiy: Cdng thiic 1 cd cdc chi tieu dat d miic kha: Dudng kfnh dgt 0,123 cm, chigu cao mam la 6,97 cm. Cong thiic 2: Cac chi tieu dgt d miic cao nhit, dudng kinh dat 0,177 cm, chieu cao mim la 8,3 cm. Cdng thiic 3 cac chi tieu dat d muc thip: Dudng kinh chi dat 0,297 cm, chieu cao la 5,45 cm.
Cdng thiic nay duoc gieo hgt vao vu xuan (dau vu) cd cac chi s6 thap nhat. Nhu vay anh hudng cua thdi vu den sinh trudng cua cay Sa mpc dau gieo h?t la rit rd rgt.
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Ho Ngpc Scm vd Dtg Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONQ NGHE 177(01); 2 7 - 3 1
C6ng thii-c C T I C T 2 C T 3
Bang 4. Ddnh gid Dufmg kinh (cm)
0,123 0,177 0,097
tinh hinh sinh truang cita cdy con Sa mgc ddu
. 1
6,97 8,3 5,45
Tinh hlnh sinh tru&ne (%) T6t TB Xau 34,9 34,9 30,2 48,1 26,9 25,0 24,0 40,0 36,0
Hat cay Sa mpc dau gieo vao vu d6ng cho ty Ie sdng cao nhat la 57,8%; t i i p do la cdng thuc gieo hat vao vy Thu dgt ty le la 47,8%;
thap nhat la c6ng thiic gieo hat vao vy Xuan vdi ty le sdng la 2 7 , 8 % . Cd su khac nhau v6 sinh trudng chieu cao va dudng kinh d cac cdng thii'c, trong do cdng thiic cd toe do tang trudng chigu cao la cao nhat (8,3 cm) va dudng kinh gdc (0,18 cm) so vdi tat ca cac cdng thii'c thi nghigm. Day la ca sd khoa hgc de lya chpn thdi vu gieo hgt cay Sa mpc dau dgt ty Ig nay mam va ty le sdng cao nhat dap iing dupe myc dich chinh cua cong tac nhan giong.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O 1. B6 Khoa hpc va C6ng ngh€, Vien Khoa hoc va Cdng nghg Viet Nam (2007), Sdch Do Viit Nam, Phan Il-Thuc vdt, Nxb Khoa hpc tu nhien va Cong nghi, HaNpi,U, 530-531.
2. Chinh phu (2006), Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND-CP vi viic qudn ly thuc vdt rirng, dong vdt rirng nguy cdp, qui, hiim. Ha Ndi, Ngay 30 thang 3 nam 2006 3. Lg M6ng Chan, LS Thj Huyen (2000), Gido trinh thy-c vgt rirng, Nxb Ndng nghiSp, Ha Ndi, 4. Ngo Kim Khdi (2001), Tin hoc icng di^ng trong ldm nghiip, Nxb Nong nghi?p, Ha Npi.
5. Sd NN&PTNT tinh Ha Giang (2016), Hd sa cong nhgn cdy me Sa mgc dau.
SUMMARY
S T U D Y O N T H E E F E C T S O F S O W I N G T I M E T O G R O W T H O F
CUNNINGHAMIA KONISHII HAYATA S E E D L I N G S I N H A G I A N G P R O V I N C E Ho Ngoc Son', Nguyen Thi Thu Hoan TNU - University of Agriculture and Forestry This study was designed with 3 treatments for three different seasons: Autumm (September), Winter (November) and Spring (February), Study results have shown that sowing seeds in the Winter produced the highest survival rate (57.8%), while sowing in the Spring produced the lowest rate (27.8%), and Autumm (47 8%), Seedlings of the Winter sowing also had highest height and stump diameter growth rate (8,30 cm and 0,18 cm respectively). As a result, the rate of mature seedlings for plantation in the winter sowing Is highest (75%) and lowest for the spring sowing seedlings (64%). The study results provide important information for developing a technical guideline for seedling multiplying.
Key words: Season, so-wlng, cunninghamia konishii Hayata, survival rate, effect
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 21/9/2017; Ngdyplidn biin: 06/11/2017; Ngdy duyitdang: 30/01/2018 Tel: 0976 501716
