Nghien cihi trao tfol
Phdn tich liieu qua san xuat fiay vu dong tinli Tliai Binh qua cdc chi tl£u cua he thd'ng tai Ichoan quoc gia
Analysis eficiency of winte crop in Thai binh province by criterias of system national accounts
^ Th.s Nguyin Un Nhiim * - PGSJS Nguyin Thj Minh Hign**
Nhan ngay: 10/01/2017 Bi§n tap ngay: 09/01/2017 Duyet dSng: 11/01/2017 ,,, nfing, san Trung Qutfc,... Di Ily lai vi tri cua vu dflng Thmg uong va d c dia phuong da ctf nhiiu giai phdp khic nhau, nhung dinfa dlu ro nfalt Id ldn dlu tifin vdo ngiy 11/9/2014, Bfi Nflng ngfailp i^
Pfadt triin nfing tfafin da pfaffi Kci|) vtfi iSy ban nfadn ddn tfainh pfatf Hi!
Ntfi, ttf cfatic L l phdt dtfng vu dfing 2014-2015. Kfaang dinh, vu dfing 11 vu SX tiiti ba, vu SX hdng h6a ciuhb ctf thi trutfng tifiu tfau dem lai gii tri cao cfao nfing din vtfi san pfalm nfing san da dang nfau: Ngfl, ddu tuong, lae, cde Ioai rau mau, vu dfing ddc bifit quan trgng vtfi cac tinh dtfng bang sfing Htfng (Ii phdt dOngi... 2014).
Thai Bmh Id tinfa tfauin nflng, nhfing nam qua tinh xde dinh vu dfing Id vu quan tigng gfip phin giai quytft vific Idm, tbu nfadp clio cdc fafi ntfng ddn. Do dtf, faang ndm tinfa btf tif titfng 35.000- 38.000 ha, cdy vu dflng chitfm 46,7% ting difin tfch gieo titfng cua todn tinh.
Trong dtf, dia pfauong ddc biit chl trgng phit triin SX d y vu dflng ua
^ , vtfi vifie btf trf khoang 25.000 - 30.000 ha trd Ida mtta stfm di tao quy dSt eho SX vu dflng Ua lin.
Hifin nay, da cfi cac mfi hmh cdy vu dfii^ ua &i nfau: Ngfl, dt, bi xanh, Wg/i/tfn ci3u dugc thvtc hien vdi san xuat (SX) cay vu ddng cda cac
hd ndng dan tinh Thai Binh nh^m: (i) PhSn tich hieu qua SX cay vu ddng cho di xuat mdt sdbien phdp nang cao hdn hieu qui san xudt; (ii) Tnnh bay vi$c v$n dung he thdng tai khoan qudc gia, ddphan tich vdi hd ndng ddn. Nghien cdu chira vdi hp ndng dan cd thi danh gia hieu qua SX theo ba hd thdng tinh todn khac nhau, trong dd he thdng tai khoan qudc gia (SNA). Qua diiu tra, 240 hd ndng ddn vdi 5 cay trong cho thdy. hieu quS sCf dung dat thi cdy dt cao nhat; hidu qua chi phi va lao ddng thi cdy bip cai cao nhat.
TCrkhtia: Hieu qua; Cdy vu ddng; Thdi Binh SUt^ARRY
The researc/i is carried out with winter crop production of farm- households In Thai binh province aim: (i) Analyze efficiency of winter crop production to suggest some measures for increasing production efficient more; (ii)Present application System National Account (SNA) for analysis with farmhouseholds. Data from sur- vey 5 winter crops of 240 farmhouseholds show that chili Efficiency of land use of chili is highest; Efficiency of cost and labor of cabbage are highest.
Keywords: Efficiency; winter crop; Thai binh.
D
fi tfai htfa, cflng ngfaifip hfia da tfau faep din difin tfcfa dit nflng ngfaifip, nfaung yfiu d u lucaig thue thuc pfalm do nflng nghifip eung d p Iai ngdy edng tang vi Ip luc ddn stf tang nfaanfa. Vi vdy, vific tim edeh khai tiiac stf dit con lai mtft each hifiu qua 11 dilu bat bufic. Hiat triin cdy vu dflng la mflt hutfng tich cue, vi giup tang vu eanh tac, Vu dflng da etf tti Idu| i £ | ^ ^ c/u ;y{e'^idn. W Mi^
dtfi, nfalt la vtfi vttng dtfng bang sflng Hfing. Da ctf nhung giai doan vu dflng phdt tiiln manh, d l giai quytft vdh dl luong thuc cua giai doan trutfc dtfi mtfi. Khi nutfc ta da giai quytft dugc vdh dl lucmg thuc v l etf luong thuc xult kfalu tfai vu dflng eung mdt din vai tttf. Quy mfl SX Vu dflng gidm sut manh, vi nflng ddn gap nfailu khtf kfaan tiong SX, tilu tiiu, gia sin pfalm dilp, gid dlu vdo tang, su canfa tranh cua
Nghliin cihi trao diil
bf dtf, dua hdu, dua chuflt^tft,,.. dua gii tii SX/ha tf nKilu vung dat tit 190 - 220 tiifiu dtfng/faa/nam, lgi nfaudn tfau dugc ttt 80 - 100 tiifiu ding/faa/nam (UBND tinh Thli Bhih, 2012):
Nghifin ctiu nham hai, muc dfcfa:
Thd nhdi, vS mat SX san pfalm, nham cfai ra hifiu qua SX d c cdy vu dflng cua d e fafi nfing ddn tinfa Thli
^nfa, nfattng nfain ttf anfa fautfng faifiu qua SX, ttt dtf d l xult mfit stf bifin phip ning cao faifiu qua SX d y trfing; That fiai, vl mat fagc thudt, Uln quan Imh vuc tfnh todn, ktf todn, phdn tich nham thao ludn v ^ Ah sti dung d c fafi tfatfng tfnh toin, phdn tich pfatt fagp hoin d n h
^ngutfi SX, nhdt II hfl nflng ddn, don
^,SX kfaflng liacfa toan ddy dtt.
f Phuoi^ phap ngliien cihi Hfl nflng ddn ntfi chung vd cua Tfaii Binfa ntfi riing, hdu nhu kfaflng ^d cfaip tfnfa toin theo mflt he thtfng tiitfng nhdt,, Vi vdy, nghifin ctiu nay sft dung mflt stf tiiflng tin thti d p con chu ytfu II tfatfng tin so d p tti diln tra 240 btf nflng ddn tai 3 huyln dai difin cho cdc vttng ctf dilu kifin SX vu dfing.
Huyfin Quanfa Phu dai difincho elc fauyfin khu vuc tfauin nfing; Huyfin Tiln Hai dai difin efao cde fauyfin kfau vuc ven biln; Thdnh phtf Thli Bhifa dai difin cho khu vuc dtf tfai pfait triin. M6i dia pfauong cfagn 2 xa khao siL Pfauong phdp phdn tich chu ytfu Id thtfng kfi mfi ta,, so sdnh vl lifin be.
VI hfi thtfng chi tifiu nghifin ctiu dugc cdn hhae gifia fafi thtfng chi tifiu kinfa doanh vtfi hach toan ddy du nhu kilu cua doanh nghifip; hfi tiitfng cfai tifiu Idnfa doanfa' faach toin kfatfng ddy du vtfi don vi kinh doanh va hfi tfatfng cfai tieu cua he tfa^g tdi khoan qutfc gia SNA (Chmh phu, 1993). Sau khi tiiao ludn vtfi can bfl cac d p vl ngutfi ddn thi thdy, tai d c xd khao sat da
ctf mfit stf cugc. dilu tta. va, ngutfi ~M6t stf nhdn xltrttt ra 11:
d ^ qlien vtfi cich thih toin theo hfi ~ Hifiu qua sti dung dSft: tfal faifin tfatfng tdi khodn qutfc gia vdn dung qua g ^ tri SXva gid tii gia tdng trfin cfao cdc edy trtfng. Cdc clu tifiu sdo dfft. Cdy tft v l fadnh ttfi cfao gii cfaiiifa dugc tfau tfadp vd tmfa toin tri cao nhil^ sau dtf dfin bap^ d i , ttfng fagp gtfm: Gil tri SX (GO); kfaoai tly, ctfn ngtf xSi thdp. Mtic dfl Cbi phf trung gian (IQ; Gidtri ,gia cfafinfa Ifich gifia d c cdy rdt Itfn. Sau tang (VA=GO-IC); Hiiu qua sti Idii trti chiphf, mfii sao tft cho gid tri dung chi phf (GO/IC); Gil hi gia
tang/thu nfadp thudn trfin ngiy lao dflng (VA/LD).
K i t qua nghien cihi Mdt, Scfbd vephdt trien SX vu dong cua tinh Thdi Binh
Ket qud SX tfal hifin qua difin ,tich, nang sulft, sin lugng vd gid tri SX edy vu dflng. Cic chi tifiu nay khflng ctf gi kfalc so trutfc ddy.
Chi rifing gia tri SX GO ctf tfin ggi tfaeo SNA, nfaung ban chit vin tuong tu nhu cbi tifiu Gil tii sin Iugng trutfc day.
Ttt cie thflng tin thti d p cfao ttily, qua giai doan 2011- 2015 tiii
gia tSmg la' 9,57 trifiu dtfng, ctfn d y ngtf chi cfao faon 1 trifiu.
-. Hifiu qua sti dung cbi phi (GO/IQ cao nhdt Id bdp cai, sau dtf II tft, tiidp nfadt la ngtf nfaung mtic cfafinh ifich .giOa d y ctf hifiu qud cao nfadt va tfalp nfalt kfaflng Itfn Jdm, cfai l,31ln(2,56sovtfiT,89).
- Hifiu qua sti,dung Iao dflng gia (finfa (VA/LD) cao nfadt vdn Id bap cai vd thdp nhdt vin 11 ngfl, vtfi mtic chfinh Ificfa 2,1 lln (437 dtfng so vtfi 203 dtfng).
- Xem xet .tfaeo vung cho thdy, d y tft ctf faifiu qua nfalt vtfi vung tfauin ntfng. Dtfi vtfi vttng dfl tfai difin ,ticfa cdy vu dflng cua linfa ^cfai pfadt triin tfai lgi tfal vl vi tri dia 1;^
tang 550 faa (1,39%); Ndng sudt vd chdt ddt pfau faep vtfi d c loai cdy d c Ioai cdy trtfng tmyln tfaflng tf rau ngan ngdy nhu d i blp, dua bi dia phuong nhu lu% ngfl, khoai nfin gid tii.gia tang trfin 1 dtfng .cfai lang, idioai tdy ctf xu fautfng giam, pfai cao faon so vtfi cac vttng kfaac.
con cdc cdy trtfng mtfi ctf gid tri Vttng ven biln tiu hinfa ttfi, ngfi etf eao nfau tft, ttfi, dua nang sudt tdng faifiu qua hon,
Ifin, san Iugng eflng theo xu-fautfng Ba, Phdn deh hieu qud xa hdi ndy. Ttt do cfao tfady, su cfauyin vd moi trudeng cua SX vti ddng dich CO d u tti vu dfing luong thuc Hifiu qua xa hfii tfal hifin ro nfalt sang vu dfing rau qui. Su cfauyin 11 tao tfau nfadp vl vific Idm efao diefa CO clu cdy titfng vu dtfng,
Idm tang gid tri SX vu dfing tti 2 048,2 ty dtfng nam 2011 Ifin 2617,8 ty nam 2015, tiie tdng 13,14%.
Rai, Phdn tich hiiu qttd kinh tdSX cdy vu dong
Ctf rdt nfailu Ioai cdy vii dflng
ngutfi ddn. Thuctl, dtfi vtfi ngutfi ddn nflng thfln Thai Binh hifin nay, thu nhdp ttt nflng nghifip khtf dam bao dugc cuflc stfng gia dinh vd nfailu fatf efauyin sang SX ngdnfa ngfai pfai nfing ngfaifip, di ldm dn xa hodc ktft fagp. Dac bifit, tiong btfi nfaung phtf biln nhl^t la tft, ngfi, canfa ctfng ngfaifip fatf a - dfl tfai fatf a, hdnh toi, khoai tdy, bap cai. Cac co fafii tim kiim vile ldm, nganh edy ndy dugc SX tf ca 3 vttng cua nghi cfi tiiu nhdp cao hon tti SX tinfa. Difin ticb cua d c fafi kfaflng nflng ngfaifip, da tiitfc diy ngutfi Itfn nfin cdc ehi tifiu dugc dilu tra nflng ddn rtfi bo rudng dtfng. Sau tifin sdo cho ddn dfi bilu. Bang 1, kfai chuyin dtfi, thu nfadp cua fatf da ttang 86, ttil hifin d c chi tifiu dilu phdn ning Ifin, cao hon so vtfi SX
nflng nghifip ntfi chung vl vu dfing tira fafi.
Nghifin Gihi trao t
ntfi rifing. Do do, faifin tugng nfing ddn efain rufing, kfafing mdy gdn btf, tbilt tlKi vtfi mtf ng dtfng da xay ra (bang 2).
Thu nfadp hdng nam cua fatf tti 97 dtfn 116 tiifiu dtfng/fatf/ndm, nhung thu nhdp ttt vu dtfng chi chitfm kfaoing II- 13%. Vu dfing gtfp phin tao thfim thu nfadp cfao fatf nhung niu tuifa quy dtfi binfa qudn tfau nfadp cfao Iao dfing, tbi chua dip ^ g dugc mong m u ^ eua ngutfi nfing ddn vi SX vu 4tfng doi hoi nhiiu ctfng Iao dfing hon so vtfi d e boat dflng nfing ngfaifip kfalc, Vi vdy, trong thtfi gian tti thing 9- 12 vl thing 1 nam sau, d c fafi tfautfng Ii^ cfagn gifla Idm vu dfing vd lam thufi, bufin ban, cho thufi ddt faoac bo trtfng dit,...
Ldm vu dfing tao thfim vific ldm eho nfailu loai Iao dflng nflng ttifln nhu SX, ttiu gom san pfalm ntfng san, vdn cfauyin faing fatfa, efal biln, diefa vu fafl tig eung ting ddu vao, bin san pfalm,... Thy vdy, vu dflng tao nfailu vific Iam nfa^ eho ngutfi nflng ddn SX true titfp vd ngutfi thu gom. Theo ddnh gid ctia ngutfi ddn tfu 81,25% dtfng J vtfi vific tao nfailu vific lim cfao nfing ddn vd 43,74% dtfng f vtfi vific tao nfailu vific Iim cfao tfau gcan.
Bfin eanfa tdc dfing vl kinh ttf vl xa fatfi, phat triin vu dfing cung tic dflng dtfn mtfi trutfng. Qua dinfa gii cua ngutfi ddn cho tfady, vific phit triin vu dflng giiip tang hifiu qua sti dung dit, giim tmh tiang bo hoang ddt nflng ngfaifip (72,08%).
Ding thtfi, gitip bfii duQng, d i tao ddt, tdng dfl pbi (72,92%). Dilu ndy thi hifin ro qua vific vu d6ng vtfi edy titfng chu ytfu d c lodi cdy hg ddu dlu co kha nang ctf dinh niy Id nfatf vi khuln Ri-zfi-bium (vi khuln cfi dinh dam) ctf ttong ddt, khflng bi ngdp vl thodng khf (bilu d l 1, ttang 87).
Tuy nhifin, SX vu dflng ciing 1 ^ 1 f^^t ctt£ ^Me/omt W ^O^n
BSng 1: Hieu qua sSn xuat cay vu ddng (Tinh tren 1 sao)
TT 1 1
? 3 4 II 1 7 3 4 III 1
? 3 4 IV 1
? 3 4 V 1 2 3 4
Chitiflu c a y « GiS tri sin mdt (60) GiatnGIfVAl GO/IC VWIB Nqo GiStrisinxuJMGO) GiatriGTfVA) GO/IC VA/LS Hdnh a Giitri5inxu£[t(G0) GiairiGTtVA) GO/IC VAAB Khoai Idy Gid tri sin xudt (GO) GrdlriGTfVA) GO/IC VA/LD Bap cai GidtrislnxultiGOL GigtriGT(VA) GOflC VWLO
DVT 1000 d 1000 a dong diSnq
1 0 0 0 d 1 0 0 0 a d 6 n g d 6 n q
l O O O d 1 0 0 0 d d d n q d & i q
1 0 0 0 d 1 0 0 0 a d 6 n g d d n g
1 0 0 0 d 1 0 0 0 d a f l n p d l i n q
V C n g ddtiii 15.355 7.955 2,08 295 2.121 967 1,84 193 12.260 11.060 2,0B 277 4.000 2.000 2.00 333 8.500 5.700 3.04 570
Viing ven
16,663 9.263 2,25 343 2233 1079 1,94 216 12.460 11.260 2,15 310 4.250 2.250 2.13 375 7.000 4.200 2,50 420
VungthiiSn nAng 18.733 11.333 2,53 420 2.156 1.002 1.87 200 12,021 10,821 2,04 237 3.600 1.600 1,80 267 6.000 3,^X) 2,14 320 '
T H i BQ 16.917 9.517 2,29 352 2.170 1016 1,69 203 12,247 11,047 2,10 275 3.950 1.950 1,98 325 7.167 .4.367 2.56 437
(Ng^n: Tdng hop ticket qud idido sdt, 2015).
BSng 2: Tinh hinh thu nhSp cOa cdc ho ndng dan
TT 1
2 3
C h l t i e u
&&lns^iajStNN(rid) TnSngtRit Trong d6 cay lyoBng T ; l|<ay\u«ng so Ming tict(%]
T;i§c3ywd^soNN(%) rfiigftuoJa/j^fTrt?
WSDCftffeuSQ lV6aig9tirti^KfW[%]
T^tt^fhurhSpS/wdangplj
Vijigthu^ndng 60,3418 28,970 14378
m
23^
^ 0 ^ 7 4 1 ^
58,74 13^99
^ ^ v e n U ^ 56.m 26j150 1 1 ^ 43,1 193 97,117
58.46
llfil
Vfngvenddari 51,541 23,883 1 3 3 2 3 573 263
^ 3 ^ 5 5 0
39,48 10^
NguSn: T6 dtfi hoi vific tdng cutfng sti dung htfa cfaUt, tfauflc bao vfi tfauc vdt va pfadn fatfa fagc Iam cfao ddt xdu, dit bae mdu, ddt tfaoai fad. Tti dtf, gdy faai efao d y trtfng nhu dit bi mdt ting canh tdc, nghlo kifit dinh dutfng, dac bifit 11 ngheo chdt httu CO, bi khfl han, chai cdng hodc bi ngdp dng nutfc, bi chua hod, man fad,.,. Do vdy, md hifiu qua SX thu dugc khfing cao.
/odtt ^'Mdn^ 4-/-2/20i7
lg hap tic sd iiiu diiu tra nam 2015 Bdn, Mot sd bien plidp ndng cao hieu qud SX cdy vu dong
- Hifiu qua ldnh t l 11 cfai tifiu chdt luang, tiii faifin m£a quan bfi gifla ktft qua dlu ra vd chi pfaf dlu vao. Hifiu cpil kinh ttf SX cdy vu dfing d n g cao khi t^. ,Ifi gitta kit qui ddu ra vd chi phf ddu vdo cao.
Cdc bifin phap ndng cao hifiu qua kinh t l SX cdy vu dfing vtfi Thli Binh gfim: Tdng nang sudt, tang
Nghifin G ^ trao dtfi
^ a n sin pfalm v l tdng kha nang iJfaay dtfi CO d u cdy vu Eang d e cdy ctf ^ tti cao,
^ I p h f i fagp fagp I ^ ' d c dlu T m d t mat do sdu chutft va sau thu faoacfa.
- Ndng cao faifiu qua kinfa ttf di dfii vtfi hifiu qua xa fafii vl mfii tnitfng. D l tiing tfau nhdp ttt vu dfing tfai phai chuyin fautfng vu dfing sang d c d y cfi gii txi cao nfau: Rau xult kfalu,, hoa, dfi tuong vl ngfi rau thuc pfalm, bo ddn d e Ioai cdy vu dfing ldm nguyfin lifiu thtic an gia stie nhu dfi tuong hat, ngfi bat Di bao vfi mfii trutfng tM cin chu ^ btf tri d e cfing thtic canh tie fagp Iy, SX vu dfing sacfa, an todn, sti dung nfailu phdn vfl co,...
- Dam bio d e dilu kifin cho SX nhin Co stf faa tUng, tutfi tifiu, ky thudt, vtfn. Hifin nay, eo sd faa ting va nidi tifiu cua Thdi Hnh khd dam bao nfaimg nfing ddn gap nfailu khtf kfaan vl ytfn. Cdy vu dflng ctf tfatfi gian sinh trutfng ngan nhung doi hoi dlu tu itfn trong khdu chdm sfic, phtfng vd tri sdu bfinh cho edy trtfng. Hifin nay, tf Thli Binfa tmh ttang hfl nflng ddn tfailu vtfn cho
SX vu dfing diln ra phtf bitfn. Ktft sd 09/2011 (96).
qua kfaao sat cho thdy, ngutfn vtfn 3. Phgm Thi My Dung, Dinh Tudn txt ctf cua hfl chi chitfm.^gang 40- Hdi, Vdn Trgng Thiiy, 2012: Anh hu^g 50%, ddc biet vung thudn nfing,
vtfn tu ctf cfai dugc 38,9%.
- D l ctf tfatfng tin phtt hgp cho ddnfa gid ktft qua va faifiu qui ntfi chung vk ely vu dtfng ntfi rifing, vl mat ehuyfin mtfn eua k l todn ciing nfin etf thfim d c nghifin ctiu, d l etf mfit fafi thdag efai tifiu thtfng nfalt kfai tmfa toan vtfi bfl ntfng ddn. Hifin nay d c ngfaifin ettu va cdc tai Ufiu vl doanfa nghifip, HTX, cO quan hanfa chihh su nghifip tfai fafi thtfng tihfa todn da tiitfng nh&intfn dfi dfii ehilu, so slnh-D
Tdi liiu tham Ichdo
1. Chinh phi (1993}. Quyet dinh s6 183-TTg, Viviic dp dung hS tiling tdi khodn qudc gia (SNA), ngdy 2511211993.
2. Phgm Thi My Dung, Dinh Tuan Hdi, Vdn Trong Thuy, 20ll: Van dmg Kitodn qudn ly Idmdtyeu t^quan trong gitip ndng ddn ti^ nhdn md kinh Book keeping. Tap chi Kitodn vd Kiim todn.
Bjoi dd 1: Danh g\d cOa ho dan ve hieu qua moi trudng trong SX vu dtfng
cOa md hinh Book - keeping tm cdc fto ndng ddn nhd trong cdc Hnh v&ng thdp vd v&ng eao miin Bdc Viit Nam. Bdi trinh bdy tgi Hdi thdo V&ng cao, tgi tntdng Dqi hgc Hohenheim, DUcc, 16- 181412012.
4. IA Auk Ducmg, Phgm Thi My Dung, 2015: Di mat cdch thit xdc dinh Vd'n tdi chinh trong nghien c&u sinh ki ndng, ddn vUng ven thdnh phd Nam Dinh, khi kh0ng dp dung Ki todn hd.
Tgp chi Kitodn vd Kiifn todn, 2015.
5. Li phdi ddng vu ddng 2014- 2015, 2014. http.I/sonnptnrhanoi, 2014....
6. U Nguyet Minh, Phgm^ Thi My Dung, BUi BSng Dodn, 2009: Thvc nghiim Book Keeping model (Md hirAi SS kitodn hg). tgp chi cia Hdi Khoa hgc Kitodn vd Kiim todn Viit Nam, s6 78, 612009.
7. UBND tinh Thai Binh (2014).
Bdo cdo tdng kit cdy vu ddng tinh Thdi Binh 2014.
(NguSn: Tdng hap tit idt qud idido sdt, 2015)
Thong tin tac gia
* Nguyen Vdn Nhiim Dan vi cSng tdc: UBND hyyin Qu^nh Phu, dnh Thdi Binh.
LTnh cue nghien cdu: Kinh tivd qudn ly. Da tdng ddng tdi cdng trinh tren tren Tap chi Khoa hgc Ndng nghiSp Viit Nam.
E m a i l :
[email protected]: Tel:
0982 blO 374
** Nguyin Thi Mink Hien Dan vi cdng tdc: Hgc vien NSng nghiep Viit Nam.
LTnh vuc nghiin cdu: Kinh tivd qudnly. Dd tieng dang tdi trin Tgp chi Nghiin cdu Kinh ti, Tgp chi Tdi chinh, Tgp chi Kinh tivd Phdt triin, Tgp chi Khoa hgc Ndng nghiip Viet Nam,...
Jr^ c^ ,yW fyimv 9P ^^dn iodn itS'dkdtw J-^2/204Z^Si
