Tcfp chi Khoa hoc 2012.21 b 87-96 Trucmg Dai hpc Cdn Tha
OIEU TRA TINH HINH NHIEM VI K H U A N LEPTOSPIRA TREN BAN BO S C A , CHO VA CHUOT TAI CONG TY
CO P H A N THUY SAN SONG HAU
Ly Thi Lien Khai
A B S T R A C T
A study was conducted on dairy cows, dogs and rats in and around Song Hau Food Processing Joint Stock Corporation hy using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MA T) with 23 Leptospira serovars. Leptospira trains was found in highest rate in rats (55.55%, followed in dogs (40.47%) and lowest in dairy cows (22.61%). Leptospira positive rate fi-om dairy cow and dog age groups were not significant difference. There was no significant difference of Leptospira infected rate in dogs and rats by sex. In daiiy cow.
most of samples were positive at titer from 1:100 to 1:400. in rats from 1:100 to 1:200. in dogs LIOO. In rat, there were highest number of serovars (22 serovars), indairycow (16 serovars). in dog (11 serovars). All of serovars. which we found in dairy cows and dogs, were also found simultaneously in rats. Leptospira serovars mix-infection was found diversity such as in rat (2-6 serovars per each), in dairy cows and dogs (2-3 serovars per each). Out of 22 serovars, there were 9 serovars that found in dairy cows, dogs and rats simultaneously. Rats were carrier and secretion of Leptospira, especially. 6 serovars as L. bataviae bataviae Van Tienen. L. ballum castellonis castellan 3. L. pyrogenes pyrogenes Salinem. icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668, L. sejroe hardjo Hardljoprajitno, L. tarassovi tarassovi Mills Johnson. Rats may be a source of Leptospira distribute lo cows and dogs in this farm, with R" (0.77).
Keywords: Leptospira, dairy cow, dog, rat. Song Hau
Title: The survey of Leptospira on dairy cow, dog and rat at dairy farm in Song Hau food processing joint stock corporation
T O M T A T
De tai dugc nghien cuu trin ddn bd sira, chd vd chudt tgi fj-gi chdn nuoi vd quanh khu virc cua cong ty cd phdn thuy sdn Sdng Hgu bdng phuong phdp vi ngung kit vgi 23 chung khdng nguyen Leptospira. Ty le nhiim Leptospira a trgi chan nudi bd sira cao nhdt tim thdy tren chupt (55,55%), ki din Id chd (40,46%) vd thdp nhdt a ddn bd siia (22,61%). Ty l^ nhiim Leptospira tren bd vd cho khong phy thupc vdo lua tuoi. Ty l^ nhiem Leptospira trin chd vd chupt khdng phu thupc vdo giai tinh. O bd phdn ldn mdu duang tinh a hieu gid tit 1:100 den 1:400, 1:100 din T200 a chupt. 1:100 phd biin d chd. Sd chimg Leptospira nhiem nhieu nhdl (22 chdng) phdt hien trin chupt. a bo (16 chung), chd (11 chiing). Tdt cd cdc chiing Leptospira phd biin tren bd sira vd chd deu cd tren chupt. Cdc chung Leptospira nhiem ghep tren cimg mot cd thi rdt da dgng vd phong phu, chudt nhiim ghep tir 2 -6 chting, bo vd chd chi nhiem ghep 2 den 3 chung. Trong 22 chung, cd 9 chung ddng thai cung duac phdt hien tren bd sira. chd va chupt. Chupt Id vdt co khd nang mang vd bdi thdi mdm b?nh Leptospira, dgc biet ddng chii y Id 6 chung. L. bataviae bataviae Van Tienen. L. ballum castellonis castellon 3, L. pyrogenes pyrogenes Salinem, icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668. L. sejroe hardjo Hardljoprajitno. L. tarassovi tarassovi Mitis Johnson Chupt co thi Id ngudn ldm lay nhiim Leptospira cho bd vd chd trong trgi bo sira vai he sd tuang quan R" (0,77).
' Khoa Nfing nghi?p va Sinh hgc tTng dyng. Truong Dai hpc Can Tho
Tap chi Khoa hpc 2012:21b 87-96 Tntang Dai hgc Cdn Tha
Tir khoa: Leptospira, bo sira, cho, chupt, Sdng Hau
1 G l d l THIEU
Bdnh do Leptospira gay ra (leptospirosis), tuy khdng biing phat thanh nhirng tran dich ldn, nhung benh niy khdng chi gay thidt hgi dang kd den hidu qua kinh td cho nhi chan nudi ma cdn la benh giy inh hudng nghidm trgng ddn siic khod con ngudi. Loai xoin khuan nay cd thd lay truydn cho nhidu loai vit nudi nhu chd, bo, heo, de, cim, kd ca con ngudi eung mic benh nay. Benh cd the lay truydn true tidp tir vat bdnh sang vat khde hoic qua trung gian vit mang mim benh. Trong sd cic vat trung gian mang mim benh, phai kd ddn loai gam nham dgc bidt chudt la mdt trong nhung vit mang mam bdnh rat quan trpng can chii y.
Dd nang cao ning suit v i chit lugng sua, dam bio an toan cho ngudi tidu thu thi vide phit hidn v i kidm soat dugc bdnh leptospirosis tren din bo siia, chd va chudt xung quanh trai chan nudi la rat quan trpng va rit cin thidt.
Xuat phat tCr tinh hinh thyc td trdn, chiing tdi tidn hanh dd tai: "Didu tra tinh hinh nhidm vi khuin Leptospira trdn din bd sira, chd va chudt tai cdng ty ed phin thuy sin Sdng Hau" nham dgt dugc muc tidu xac dinh ty Id nhidm Leptospira trdn din bd siia nudi tai trai chin nudi bd sira, cho va chupt d cdng ty cd phin thuy sin Sdng Hau (Cty CPTSSH), xac dinh cac chimg Leptospira hien didn trdn dan bd, chd va chudt, chiing phd bidn nhit va khao sat mdi quan he giira chudt, nhan td trung gian truyen mam benh Leptospua trdn dan bo sua d Cty CPTSSH.
2 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN c t r u 2.1 Phuong phap lay mau
Tir thang 8 nam 2010 ddn thang 6 nam 2011, chiing tdi thu thap 313 miu gdm mau d tmh mach c6 cua dan bd sira d mpi lira tudi (199 man) lay khoang 5ml mau, tit ca chd (42 mau) dugc nuoi trong khu vuc trai chin nudi va nhiing vimg xung quanh, liy miu d tinh mach chan, chupt dugc bit trong khu vuc trai chan nuoi v i xung quanh trgi (72 miu), mau dugc liy d tinh mach dudi. Man sau khi liy dugc dgt nam nghidng v i dd ydn khoang 1 gid d nhidt dp phdng sau dd chic liy huydt thanh cho vio dng trir mau, bio quan lanh va dua vd phdng thi nghidm tru d nhidt dp tir 2-8 C. neu kidm tra Uong vong vai ngiy, neu trii miu liu thi phai trir d nhidt dp i m 20°C.
2.2 Phuong phap phan tich miu
Sau khi van chuyen vd phong thf nghidm, miu huydt thanh dugc pha loang theo ty Id 1:50. 1:100...1:1.600. Khang nguydn chuin gom 23 ehung do vien Pasteur TP. Hd Chi Minh eung cip dugc chuin bi dieo hudng dan ciia nha sin xuit. Xic dinh ty Id nhidm Leptospira bing phin irng vi ngung kdt Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Kidm tra dudi kinh hidn vi ndn den, ndu sd Leptospira ty do it han so vdi^ doi chung im, thi dya vao miic dp ngung kdt de danh gia kdt qui duang tinh. L ; tir 25 den <50% so Leptospira bi ngung kdt so vdi doi chung arn. cd nhieu xoan khuin ty do. 2+ : tir 50-70% sd Leptospira hi ngung kdt so vdi ddi chung am. co nhidu xoin khuin tu do. 3^ : > 75% Leptospira ngung kdt so vdi ddi chimg am, co it xoan khuin tu do. 4"": tit ca Leptospira ngung ket so vdi ddi
Tt^ chi Khoa hoc 2012:2 lb 8~-96 Trucmg Dai hoc Cdn Tha
chung im, khdng cd xoan khuin tu do trong \ i trudng. Nhimg m i u huyet thanh cd hidu gia ngung kdt < 1:100 dugc xem nhu am tinh.
2-3 Phinmg phap XD- K SO lien
Sd lidu dugc thu thap va xu ly thdng kd theo phuang phap Chi-square, Chi-square Yates. Regression bdi phin mem Excel 2003 va Minitab 13.0.
Phucmg trinh hdi qui bieu thi su tuong quan giiia chudt vdi bd sira va chd:
Y = a + b X + c Z .
Trong dd a, b,»,, Ii cic hang sd. Y, X. Z: Tv le huydt thanh duang tinh d chudt.
bd, chd.
3 KET QU.\ THAO LUAN
3.1 Ket qua khio sat !>' le nhiem Leptospira tren dan bo sira, cho va chuot tai trai chao nuoi bd sfra thuoc Cty CPTSSH
Bang 1 : Ty le nhiem Leptospira tren dUn b6 sira, chd va chuot t^i trai chan nuoi bo sua . . . . T S M khao sat So mau dinras
Loai gia sue , . , , *
~ (con) (con) T y l e ( % )
Bd 199 45 22,61 0.000 Chd 42 17 40,47 C h u 6 t 72 4 0 55.55 T d n g 3 1 3 102 32,58
TSSI longsdinaa
Kdt qua bang 1 cho thay, ty Id nhidm Leptospira chung tren bd sira, chd va chudt quanh khu vuc trai chan nudi la 32.58%. Trong dd, t>' Id nhidm cao nhat trdn chudt (55,55%), kd ddn la chd (40,47%). thap nhit la bd (22,61 %), Va su sai khic niy la fit cd y nghia thdng ke, (P= 0,000). Leptospira nhidm tren chudt, chd dugc thu thap trong va xung quanh khu vuc trgi chin nudi bd siia chidm ty Id rit cao. Xoan khuan cd thd sdng dai ding hing thing trong mdi trudng am udt dac bidt d cic dam lay, ao hd. sdng sudi hoac ddng cd thoat nudc kem, trong bim lay. nudc cdng ranh, rudng ddng (Smith va Self, 1955). Hon niia, chudt li loii gim nhim cd tap tinh sdng d nhung ncri cdng ranh, trdn nhiing canh ddng. cac khu dd thi, quanh cac khu gom rac ndn dd dang \ iy nhiem ngudn bdnh trong mdi trudng sdng ciia chiing, E>6i vdi chd ty Id nhidm Leptospira trong nghidn ciiu cua chiing tdi la AlD,AlVt> day li mdt ty Id rit cao. Dieu nay cd thd la do chd d diy dugc nudi theo hinh thiic tha rong nen cd nhidu didu kidn tidp xiic vdi mim benh hoic vgt trung gian mang mim b?nh. Chd sdng trong v i quanh trgi bd sira cd didu kidn tiep xiic gin vdi chupt qua tip quin san bat chupt. Kdt qui nay cao han kdt q u i didu tra ciia Dao Trgng Dgt (1967; trich theo Doan Thi Bang Tim. 1987), ty Id nhiem Leptospira trdn chd l i 26-47%.
Ddi vdi bd siia, cd 45 199 miu hujel thanh duang tinh vdi Leptospira., chiem 22,61%, Kdt qui niy thap han ket qua nghidn cim ciia Chu Thi My (1995) tren dan bd sura Tp. Hd Chi Minh la 28.15%. d Mdng Cd ty 1? nhidm ldn ddn 80.4%
(Odontsetseg. 2005). Ket qui khio sit ciia chiing tdi tuang tuong vdi kdt qua nghien cim ciia Tran Thanh Phong (2005) tren din bd ciia tinh Ddng Thap la
TQP chi Khoa hoc 2012-21b 87-96 Truang Dgi hpc Cdn Tha
18.4%. Tuy nhidn, kdt qua niy cao han kdt qui nghidn ciiu vd ty 1$ nhidm Leptospira trdn bd d Diic (10%) (Klaasen et al., 2003) ). Tii dd cho thay, Leptospira nhiem trdn bd d cac nai khic nhau cd ty Id khac nhau. Dieu nay cd thd do khac nhau ve viing dja Iy, hay do cic din bo d nhung trgi khic nhau cd didu kidn cham sdc nudi duang khac nhau, cho ndn chiing cd khi nang tidp xiic vdi mam bdnh cung nhu kha ning tidp xuc vdi cac vit trung gian mang mam benh se khic nhau.
3.2 Ket qua khao s i t ty le nhiem Leptospira tren bd sira, cho va chuot theo hieu gia khang the
Bang 2: Ty Ie n h i l m Leptospira tren bo sira, ch6 vk chu$t theo h i | u gia khang the Mijc hiiu gia -
1/100 1/200 1/400 T6nfi
Bo So mau
duong 26 16 3 45
Tyle 57,77 35,55 6,66
Clio So mau duong
17 17
Tyl?
(%)
100Cbuot So mau dirong
30 10 40
TJI?
75,00 25.00
Qua ket qua bang 2 cho thay, mijrc hieu gia khang th€ ngung kh tren bo tir 1;10D dSn 1:400, tren cho 1:100, tren chupt til 1:100 Ain 1:200. d bo miic hieu gia tap trung 6 1:100 din 1:200 chijm (93,32%). Mftc hieu gia trong nghien cuu cua chung toi CO thap hon so voi nghien cuii tnrac day cua Nguyen Thi Dao (2006) khi khao sat tinh hinh nhilm Leptospira tren dan bo cua tinh TiSn Giang hi§u gia khang thi tap trung chii ySu 1:100 iin 1:400 chiem 87,0%, Nguyin Van Dung (2005) ty le tir 1:100 ddn 1:400 la 84,68%. Ctrtag dp nhilm Leptospira tren dan bo trong nghien ciru cua chung toi a muc thSp chua co bilu hien trieu chirng cua benh Leptospirosis. Dieu nay co thi nhan dinh la dan bo sira chiing toi khao sat dang a thi mang triing chu chira bieu hien trieu chftng benh. Theo Trin Thanh Phong (1998), khang thi co mftc hieu gia tir 1:800 tro len gia sue moi co thi co trieu churig lam sang nhir hien tugng say thai thuang gap tren bo khi co hieu gia khang thi 6 mftc 1:800 din 1:1.600 (Bolin, 2007).
Tren cho, mftc hieu gia ngimg kit tap trung toan b6 6 mftc 1:100 chilm ty 1?
100%. Kit qua nay cung tuang tu nhu kit qua nghien cuu cua Vo Bao Toan (2007) nghien cuu tren cho t?i thanh phfi CSn Tha, hieu gia ngung kit chu ylu la 1:100^ Tren chuot co 30 mlu duang tinh a hieu gia ngung kit 1:100 chilm 75% va 10 mau duang tinh 6 hieu gia ngung ket 1:200 chilm 25% khong co ngung kit 6 mirc hieu gia cao hon. Dieu nay chftng to cho va chuot trong khu vuc trai chan nuoi va cac virng lan can. chi nhiem xojn khuin Leptospira a mftc do thip. Hieu gia ngung ket thap co thi do nhiing cho, chuot dugc lly mlu dang a giai doan mang triing. Theo Nguyin Ba Hien, Nguyin Minh Tam (2007); Vu Dinh Hung e(
a/., (2002) cho thay chupt la loai vat mang trung tu nhien, tat ca cac loai chuot diu mang va bai thai mam benh qua nuoc tiiu. Kit qua khao sat cua chung t6i cho thay. cho va chupt a trong va moi tnrcmg tjuanh trai dang mang mam benh Leptospira vai ty le kha cao. Bay co thi la ngu6n lam nguv c a lay truyin benh cho dan bo sua tai cty CPTSSH.
Tgp chi Khoa hpc 2012:21b 87-96 Tnrang Dpi hpc Cdn Tha
3.3 Ket qua khao sat ty le nhiem Leptospira tren bo sira theo hieu gia khang the ciia Un lay mau thu- hai
Bang 3 : Ty If nhiem Leptospira tren b6 sira khao sat lan 2 theo hieu gi^ kh^ng the Muc bilu gia
1/100 1/200 1/400 Tong
So mau khao 16 3 19
sat So mau diroDg 15
3 1 19
Tv II (%) 78,95 15,79 5,26
Ddi ydi nhiing mau huydt thanh duong tinh cd miic hieu g i i tu 1:200 trd ldn cua ian liy m i u diu tidn se duac liy miu lai lan thii hai sau 3 tuin so vdi Ian liy mau d i u tidn. Trong suot thdi gian chd liy m i u lan 2, dan bd siia cua trai khdng cd su can thidp ve didu tri cung nhu tidm phdng. Din bd khdng thd hidn tridu chiing gi cua benh leptospirosis. Trong tdng so 19 m i u kidm tra lgi Ian hai cd 15/19 miu cd ngung kdt d miic hidu gia 1:100 (78,95%), 3/19 miu cd miic hifu gia 1:200 (15,79%),va 1/19 miu cd hidu gii 1:400 (5,26%), khdng cd m i u nao cd mtic hieu gia cao han 1:400. Hidu gii khang thd ciia dan bd khdng tang so vdi lan lay miu dau tidn. Nhin chung dan bd ciia tr^i cd ty le huyet thanh ducmg tinh vdi xoin khuan Leptospira a muc hidu gii ngung kdt tuang ddi thip v i khdng cd bieu hidn tridu chiing lim sing.
3.4 Ket qua khao sat ty le nhidm Leptospira tren dan bd sira theo lira tuoi Bang 4: Ty If nhiem Leptospira tren dan bo sua tbeo lira tuoi
Nam tu6i
<2 2.4 4-6
>6 Tong
Sd mau khao s&t 107 50 27 15 199
So mau dirong 18 12 10 5 45
TJI?
(%1 16,82 24,0 37,03 33,33 P=0,198
22,61 Ty Id nhidm Leptospira cao nhat d bd trdn 4 nam ddn 6 nam tuoi (37,03%), ke ddn la nhdm bd >6 nam tudi (33,33%), nhdm bd 2-4 nam tudi (24,00%), thap nhit la nhdm bd <2 nim tudi (16,82%). Mac du ty Id nhiem Leptospira cd khuyrih hudng tang d i n theo lua tuoi: Nhung qua phan tich thdng kd cho thay su khac biet nay l i khdng cd y nghia (P=0,198). Dieu nay cd the do sd miu khao sat d cic lua tudi ldn cdn thap. Tuy nhidn, kdt qua nay cd thd cho thay tinh chit truydn liy ciia xoan khuan Leptospira, thdng thudng gia siic cd thai gian sdng cang lau thi co hoi tidp xuc vdi yeu td nguy ca va mim bdnh cing nhieu thi ty Id nhidm cang tang. Kdt qua nghien cihi cua chiing tdi cung phu hcrp vdi kdt qua nghidn ciiu cua Nguydn Thi D i o (2006) khi didu tra tinh hinh nhidm Leptospira trdn dan bd cua tinh Tidn Giang, vdi ty Id nhidm Leptospira theo liia tuoi d nhdm bd trdn 4 nam tudi la 15.33%, kd ddn Ii nhdm bd tir 2-4 nam tudi 9.80%, nhom bd dudi 2 nam tuoi chidm ty Id thip. So sinh kdt qua nghidn cuu ciia chiing tdi vdi nghidn ciiru cua Prescott et ah, (1988) trdn bd d Ontario thi ty Id nhidm cac chiing Leptospira a bd tang dan theo lua tudi. Tuy nhidn, khi phin tich thdng ke 4 nhdm tuoi, su khic bidt khdng cd y nghia vd mat thdng ke (P=0,098). So vai kdt qui nghidn ciiu cua
Tap chi Khoa hoc 21112 21 h 87-96 Trucmg Ddi hoc Cdn Tho
Aslantas va Ozdemir, (2005) khi khao sat Leptospira tren bo nuoi 6 Tho Nhi Ky, ty le nhiem Leptospira cung cho nhan djnh la khong co su khac biet theo tu6i.
3.5 Ket qua khao sat (y I? nhilm Leptospira tren cho theo liia tu6i Bang 5: Ty ie nhilm Leptospira tren cho theo lira tuoi
(nam)
<1 1-3
>3-6
>6 Tong
So mau Idem tra 21 8 10 3 42
So lirong (con) U 3 2 1 17
Dirong tinh Tv le (%)
52.38 37,50 20,00 33,33 40,47
P 0.586
Tat ca cae nhom tuoi d chd deu nhidm Leptospira, nhdm chd dudi 1 nam tudi ty Id nhidm cao nhat la 52,38%. nhdm tudi tir 1-3 nam nhidm 37.50%, nhdm > 6 nam tuoi nhidm 33,33% va nhdm >3-6 nam tudi nhidm thip nhat 20,00%. Tuy nhien, su khac bidt nay khdng cd y nghTa thdng kd (P=0,586). Dieu nay cho thiy, Leptospira cd the gay bdnh cho chd d mpi liia tuoi. Kdt qua nay phu hgp vdi dac diem dich td cua bdnh la Leptospira co the gay bdnh cho con vat d mgi lua tudi. Trong khio sit cua chiing tdi thi chd dudi 1 nam tudi nhidm cao nhat 52.38%, kdt qui niy phii hgp vdi nhan djnh cua Hunter (2001), chd con dudi 1 nam tudi min cam vdi Leptospira han chd trudng thanh. Kdt qua nay ciing phii hgp vdi kdt qua nghien ciiu ciia Ward (2002), ty Id nhidm Leptospira a chd < 1 nam tudi cao han nhiing Ilia tuoi khac, theo kdt qua nghidn ciiu cua dng thi cho <1 n i m tudi ty Id nhidm Leptospira la 21%, tii 7-10 nam tudi ty Id nhidm l i 16%. Tuy nhidn, Ward et al., (2004) da bao cao la nhung chd tir 4 den 6-9 nam tuoi.cd nguy c a mac bdnh cao han nhihig chd dudi 1 nam tudi cd su khac bidt so vdi ket qua ciia chiing tdi.
3.6 Ket qua khao sat ty If nhiem Leptospira tren chd va chudt theo gidi tinh Bang 6. Ty if nhiem Leptospira tren cho va chu9t theo gioi tinh
Loiii Ch6 Chu9t
Gioi tinh Oirc U i Due Cii
si mau kiem tra 23
19 20 52
si mau d 9 8 11 29
irong Tv le (%) 39.13 42,11 55,00 55,77
P 0,845 0,953 Cho dye cd ty I? ducmg ti'nh vdi Leptospira thap ban chd cii, chidm ty Id lin lugt la 39,13% va 42,11%. Tuy nhien, su khic bi?t nay khdng cd y nghTa thdng kd (P=0.845). Kdt qui nay cho thiy chd nhidm Leptospira la khdng cd sy phan bidt vd gidi tinh. Didu nay cd the la do mau dugc thu thap trong cimg dja ban ndn mdi trudng song, sy tidp xiic vdi cac nhan t6 lay truydn nhu chugt v i nudc tidu cua chugt. chat thai ciia cac loii gia siic khac cd chira mam benh l i khdng khac nhau.
Kdt qua nay cd sy sai khac vdi nhan dinh ciia Hunter (2001) la bdnh trdn chd dye phd bidn ban chd cii. Didu nay cd thd do sd lugng miu khao sat ciia chung tdi cdn ban chd vd dung lugng miu. Tuang tu, ty 1? nhidm Leptospira trdn chupt dye va chudt cai khdng khic bidt nhau (P=0,953). Ty Id nhidm Leptospira trdn chupt due la 55% va chugt cii la 55,77%. Cung nhu d chd, chudt trong n ^ i d n ciiu ciia chiing tdi dugc thu thgp trong ciing dia didm ndn cic ydu td liy truyen nhu phin, nudc tidu. ao hd nudc dpng bi nhiem Leptospira tic ddng ldn chiing la nhu nhau.
92
7"(ip chi Khoa hpc 2012 2lb S~-96 Truang Dgi hpc Cdn Tha
3.7 Ket q u a dinh danh cac chung Leptospira tren bo sira, cho va chuot tfi trai chan Dudi cna Cl>- CPTSSH
Bang?: Ket qua dtuh danh cac cbtingZ.^iwp^a tren bo sira, cho va cbuft tai trai chan nuoi cua Cty CPTSSH
STT Chiing Leptospira Bo Cho Chuot
1 L. australis australis Ballico 1 2 L. autumnalis autumnalisAkiyamiA 6 4 4
3 L. bata\-iae bataviae Van Tienen 2 2 5 4 L. canicola canicola bond Utrecht IV 2 2 5 L. canicola canicola chiffon 1 2 4 6 L. ballum castellonis castellon 3 2 2 4 7 L p)-rogenes pyrogenes Salinem 2 2 3 8 L. icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668 6 5 8 9 L. icterohaemorrhagiae Verdun 3 7 10 L. cynopterie cynopterie 3522C 4 4 11 L. gryppotyphosa giyppotyphosa Mosh, a V 4 12 L. sejroe hardjoBovis 4 3 13 L. sejroe hardjo Hardjoprajitno 8 1 5 14 L. sejroe saxkoeboing Mus 24 4 3 15 L. Hebdomadis Hebdomadis - -
16 L. javanica javanica Veldrat Bataviae 46 1 1 5
17 L. panama panama CZ214K 4 18 L. semaranga patoc 1 2 4
19 L tarassovi taiassovi Mitis Johnson 5 1 2 20 L tarassovi vugahia LT0968 2 4
21 L. Louisiana Louisiana LSU 1945 5 22 L hustbridge 1 8
23 L. icterohaemorrhagiae copenhagini wijuberg 1 3 Tdng so luot ~ 54 22 92 Tong so chiing 16 11 22 Cbiing tdi phit hidn trdn bd nhiem 16 chiing. trong dd chiing cd ty Id nhidm cao nhat l i L. Sejroe hardjo Hardjoprajitno (8/54 mau chidm 14.81 %), kd ddn la chiing L. Autumnalis autumnalis Akiyami A (11.11%), 6/54 miu), L.
Icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668 (11,11%, 6'54 miu). L. tarassovi tarassovi Mitis Johnson (9.25%, 5/54 mau) va thip nhit la L. Javanica Javanica Veldrat Balaviae 46 va L. Canicola canicola Chiffon (1.85%). 1/54 miu cho mdi chung).
Kdt qui nghien ciiu trudc diy cua Hoang Manh Lam et a!., (2001) kidm tra 257 m i u huydt thanh bd d Daklak phat hidn 14 chiing chu ydu la L Gryppotyphosa (18.36%). L. Hebdomadis (15,59%). L. Hardjoprajitno (14.28%); Nguydn Thi Dao (2006) kiem tra d i n bd tai tinh Tidn Giang phit hien 17 chung, L. Sejroe saxkoeboing (14.40''b). L. hardjo Hardjoprajitno (11.20%). Tii kdt qua nghien ciiu chiing tdi nhan tha\', cd khac nhau vd mdt sd chung Leptospira giy bdnh nhung tdng sd chimg ga\ bdnh thi gan gidng nhau. Didu nay chiing td sy da dang vd dich td ciia cic chiing Leptospira trdn dan bd.
Ddi vdi chd va chugt, sd chiing Leptospira nhidm trdn chd va chupt rat da dang, trong 23 chung Leptospira chuin dimg chin doin huydt thanh hpc thi chd da duong tinh vdi 11 chiing cdn d chudt cd 22 chung duang tinh. Cic chiing phd bidn trdn chd gdm L icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668 (22.72%. 5/22 mlu), L.
93
Tpp chi Khoa hpc 2012-21 b 8--96 Truomg Dai hpc Cdn Tha
autumnalis autumnalis Akiyami A {ISA8%, 4/22 mau). Cac chung phd bien ttdn chupt cung li chiing L. icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668 (8.69%, 8/92 miu), L. bataviae bataviae Van Tienen (5,43%, 5/92 mau(. Trong cic chiing phd bien, cd 9 chimg Leptospira ( i . autumnalis autumnalis Akiyami A. L . bataviae bataviae Van Tienen. L. canicola canicola chiffon, L. ballum castellonis castellon 3, L. pyrogenes pyrogenes Salinem, L. icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668, L.
sejroe hardjo Hardjoprajitno. L. javanica javanica Veldrat Bataviae 4. 6, L.
tarassovi tarassovi Mills Johnson) cimg dugc phat hidn trdn bd, chd va chudt Dieu nay cd the cd sy lay tmyen qua lai giira cac chiing Leptospira tren bd, chd va chudt. Vdi nhirng nhan djnh trdn cho thay cd sy lidn quan giira cic loii ddng vit nay trong viec lay nhidm Leptospira. Trong dd, chd v i chudt t i nhirng vat trung gian cd kha nang mang va bai thai mim bdnh lam liy nhidm cho bd do chudng trgi d day dugc xay dyng theo kidu chudng hd hoan toin ndn chd v i chupt cd thd dd dang tidp xiic va bai thai mSm bdnh vao mdi trudng chudng trai chin nudi bd siia la rat Idn.
3.8 Kdt qua khao sat ty le nhiem ghep giua cac chung Leptospira tren dan bd sua, chd va chuot
Bang 8: Ket qua khao sat su- nhiem ghep giua cac chung Leptospira tren dan bo sira, cho va chuot
So Chung L e p t o s p i r a nhiem g h e p
2 3 4 5 6 Tong
Bo (n=45)
8 1
9 T y l e
(%)
17,78 2,22
Ty 1$ d u o n g tinh C h o ( n = I 7 )
4 1
5 T y ] l
(%)
23,53 5,88
C h u o t (n=46) 18 3 5 2 1 2 9
T y l e
(%)
45,00 7.50 12,50 5.00 2,50
Trong tong so 45 con bo siJa duong tinh, co 9 mau nhiem ghep tu 2 d8n 3 chung Leptospira. Trong do nhiem ghep 2 chung chiSm ty le cao nhat la 17,78%, 3 chiing^chiem 2,22%. So chung nhiem ghep trong khao sat cua chung toi co thap hon kit qua nghien cuu cua Chu Thi My (1995) khi khao sat dan bo a TP. H6 Chi Minh. Nguyen Thi Ngan et al., (2004) a Nam Dinh, Vinh Phiic, Phii ThQ, Binh Van Han (2005) 6 Binh Duong; Cac tac gia nay dSu cho thay tren mgt ca thg bo nhiem ghep den 4 chiing Leptospira. Nguyin Van Dung (2005) khao sat tren bo sua TP. H6 Chi Minh phat hien ghep 6 chung tren mgt ca the bo. Diiu nay co thi cho thay cuong dp nhilm xo5n khuin a trai bo sOa NTSH thap han cac tr?i bo sua cac nai khac.
Tren cho trong 17 con cho duong tinh vcfi Leptospira, 4 miu nhilm ghep 2 chiing chiem ty_ le 23,53%, I mlu nhilm ghep 3 chiing chilm ty le 5,88%. Tren chuot 18/40 mau duomg tfnh nhilm ghep 2 chiing (45,00%), 3 mlu nhilm ghep 3 chiing (7,50%), 5 mau_ nhilm ghep 4 chung (12.50)%, 2 mlu nhilm ghep 5 chung (5,00%) va I mau nhiem ghep 6 chung (2,50%). Ket qua tren chiing to chupt la con vat khong chi co kha nang mang trimg rit Ion va la doi tuang lan truyin mim benh Leptospira rat cln dupe quan tam ma con nhilm cac chiing rit da dang, phirc
Tgp chi Khoa hgc 2012:21b 87-96 Tru&ng Dpi hoc Cdn Tha
tap. Diy la ydu to nguy ca doi vdi siic khde vat nudi nhu dan bd sira da khio sat d NTSH v i sire khde cdng ddng. Trong ty nhidn. d chiia Leptospira thudng xuyen chu ydu la loai gam nhim, tit ca cac loii chupt, nhit la chupt Idn ddu mang va thai mam bdnh qua nudc tidu Oviguydn B i Hidn. Nguydn Minh Tam, 2007).
Bang 9: Ty le cac chung Leptospira cilng nbllm tren dan bo sira, cho va chuot if Cty CPTSSH fl. - ~ i 1 •_ s Ty le cac chiine Leptospira (%) Chung xoSn khuan —=:;—^—-—-^r-,—°—J. J^—^^—b:
^ Bo sira Chd Chiiot P 1. L. bataviae bataviae Van Tienen 3.70 9,09 5,43 NS 2. L. ballum castellonis castellon 3 3,70 9,09 4,34 NS 3. L. pyrogenes pyrogenes Salinem 3,70 9,09 3,26 NS 4. L. icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668 11,11 22,72 8,69 NS 5. L. sejroe hardjo Hardjoprajimo 14,81 4,54 5,43 ^ 5 6. L. tarassovi tarassovi Mitis Johnson 9,26 4,55 2.17 NS Qua kdt qui bang 7 cho thay, cd 9 chimg Leptospira cimg phit hidn ca trdn bd, chd v i chudt d trai va xung quanh NTSH. Trong 9 chiing nay co 6 chung (bang 9), chiing tdi nhin thiy ty le nhidm xoan khuin giira bo sura, chd va chudt trong khu vyc trai chan nudi khac nhau khdng cd y nghTa thdng kd, vdi P cua chiing Leptospira tir 1 ddn 6 theo thu hr lin lugt la (PI=3,61089E+16, P2= 1,64E +16, P3= 8 , 6 4 E - 1 6 . P4=0,943511,P5=2.36E+14 v a P 6 = 1,2E=17). Didu nay chiing td 6 chimg Leptospira niy cd thd lay truyen mim bdnh qua lai giiJa cac vat trung gian mang mim bdnh va vat nudi. Cung tir kdt qua bang 9, qua phan tich thdng kd ta dugc phuang trinh hdi qui the hidn mdi lidn quan giiia 6 chiing Leptospira trdn chudt ddng thai phat hidn trdn bo siia. va chd la k h i chit che, dugc thd hidn qua he sd x i c dinh R (0.77) v i dugc thd hidn qua phuang trinh hdi qui: Y = 1,04 + 0,153X + 0,271Z.
Y, X, Z: ty Id huydt thanh duong tinh ciia chudt. bd v i chd khi so sinh 6 chiing Leptospira Didu niy chi ra rang, chudt la vat cd kha nang mang va bii thai mam bdnh Leptospira, d^c bidt dang chii y la 6 chimg nay (bang 9) co thd Iam lay nhidm cho bd v i chd trong trai. Ben canh dd, chd ciing Ii vit tnmg gian ed thd Iim liy truydn bdnh cho bd nudi d Cty CPTSSH can dugc chii y.
4 K E T L U ^
Ty Id nhidm Leptospira a trai chan nudi bo sira tai cty CPTSSH cao nhit tim thiy trdn chudt (55,55%), kd ddn la chd (40,46%) va thip nhit d dan bd sira (22,61). Ty Id nhidm Leptospira trdn bd va chd khong phu thugc vao lira tudi. Ty Id nhidm Leptospira trdn chd va chudt khdng phu thudc v i o gidi tinh. Sd chung Leptospira nhidm nhidu nhit (22 chiing) phit hien trdn chupt, thip ban d bd (16 chung), cho (I I chiing). Tit c i cic chiing Leptospira phd bien trdn bd sira va chd ddu ed trdn chupt nen chudt cd thd la v^t trung gian Iam Ian truydn bdnh. Co 9 chung Leptospira cimg dugc phat hidn trdn bd sira, chd v i chupt. Chudt la v | t cd khi nang mang va bii thai mam bdnh Leptospira, die bidt ding chii y la 6 chiing L.
bataviae bataviae Van Tienen, L. ballum castellonis castellon 3, L. pyrogenes pyrogenes Salinem, icterohaemorrhagiae Tonkini LT9668, L. sejroe hardjo Hardljoprajitno, L. tarassovi tarassovi Mitis Johnson, v i cd thd lam lay nhidm cho bd va cho trong trai bd siia.
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