BMIMViUMNlinnilETHM -SO2/2017
Sir BIEN flOl so LirirNG HONG CAO VA HAM LIfONG HEMOGLOBIN TRONG M A O d Nir SINH VIEN CHAY Ctf LY TRUNG RJNH KHI TAP LOYEN 0 MOI TRirtfNG MO PHONG CAO NGOYEN
D 6 Trong Thjnh*
Tom tat: " ^ " " ^ " " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Myc dich cDa nghien CLPU nham danh gid mpt so chi s6 sinh IJ mau cija sinh vien nO chgy cy ly
tmng binh t$p luyen trong mfii trLPdng mfi phfing huan luy^n cao nguyen vfi-i dp cao tu'ang ling 1500m den 2000m. Nghien cuu dupe tien h^nh trgn hai nhom t§p luy^n vo'i cung mOt chu-ong trinh huln luyen trong 4 tu^n. Nhom thi/c nghiem t|p luyfin tren m^y chgy bO trong phfing tap mo phong mfii tnrdmg huan luy^n cao nguyen, nhom doi chiing tap luyen tren m^y chay 6' mfii tru'&ng binh thufi-ng a d6ng bang. Sau 4 tuan thtpc nghidm, ham Iu'p'ng Hemoglobin (g/di) cua nhfim thuc nghipm tang cao han so vo'i nhom d6i chiing (p<0.05). Ket qua nghifin ciiu cho thay, t^p luyfn 6 mfii tnj&ng huan luyen cao nguyen co tac dyng nang eao mpt so chi s6 sinh ly mau, giup tang cao s(rc bfin trong cong tac huin luyen the thao.
TCr khda: Nu sinh vifin, cu ly trung binh,.moi tnjo-ng mfi phong cao nguyen...
Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration variation in blood of women's middle distance running students as practicing in highland simulation environment Summary:
The purpose of the study is to evalute how the middle distance running of female shjdents as practicing in highland simulation training environment at an altitude of 1500m to 2000m would affect several indexes of blood physiological. The study has beeb conducted on two groups who practiced with the same training program for 4 weeks. The experimental group has practiced on the treadmill in the gym simulating the highland training environment, the control group has practiced on treadmill in the gym simulating the delta training environment. After 4 weeks, the hemoglobin concentration(g/dl) of the experimental group has significantly increased compared to the control group (p <0.05). The results show that practicing in highland simulation training environment has*
developed several indexes of blood physiology, which helps to increase the endurance In sports training.
Keywords: Women students, middle distance, highland simulation environment, etc. ^ ^ ^ ^ BAT VAK flE moi trurotig tu nhien, vi vay cdc hieu iing smh ly Huan luyfn tren cao nguyen tii lau da dupe dien ra dfii voi ca the ngufii tap se co su khde cac nhd khoa hpc va cae hudn luyen vien quan biet. De lam ro hon dnh hucmg cua mfii tnrcmg tam nghien cihi, rat nhiSu nhd khoa hpc va huan tap luyen mo phfing cao nguyfin dfin viee ndng luyen vien da chi ra dnh huong cua tap luyen cao siic ben cho nguoi tap, ehiing toi tiin hdnh tren dp cao dfii voi viec nang cao sue ben vd nghien ciiu su bien dfii so lupng hfing cau va thdnh tich thi dau the thao. Cimg voi su phdt ham lupng hemoglobm trong mdu cua nO sinh trien khfing ngimg eiia khoa hpc, ky thu^t va vien chay cir ly trung bmh, nganh Hudn luy$n nhu cdu cdn thilt hong hudn luyen, cac nha khoa thfi thao Tnrcmg Dai hpe TDTT TP.HCM, hi do hpc da tao ra dupe dieu kien tap luyen mfi phong co the co dupe tu Ueu hihi ich cho viee xay dung mfii tnrcmg cao nguyen de thuEin tien cho viee chuong trinh, ke hoach hudn luyen, iing dung tap luyen. Tuy nhien, do dieu kien moi tnrcmg thanh tun khoa hpc raai vao cfing tdc ddo tao va
| m 6 phong nen cdc yeu tfi khfing hodn toan gifing huan luyen.
• *TS, Tru'O'ng Bgi hpc TDTT Thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh
BAI BAO KHOA HOG
PHIfdNG PHAP NGHIEN ClFll ™ mvc dieh nghien ciiu, quy trinh g Phuong phip nghien eiiu: Qua trinh nghien nhiing inh hudng cd thi cd trong va sau laem ciiu sii dung cic phuong phap; Phuang phip tra. Sinh vien ddng ^ tham gia_va k^r ten vio tham Idiao tii lieu, Phuang phap phdng van, mlu giiy ddng y da duac soan san. Quy tae dao Phuang phip Idlm h-a y hpc, Phuong phap toin diie nghien ciiu tuin theo_ tuyen bd Helsinld vi hpc thdng Ice. _ hieu chinh theo tuyen bd Tolcyo, cie phucmg Md ti ddi toong Khio sat: Nghien ciiu tien pMp th\rc hien dupe giim sat chat che vi dupe hanh trin lOnu sinh viin chay c\tly trung bkih Hdi ddng khoa hpc Trudng Dai hpc TDTT cd ttinh dp cip I ttd len, cd tham nien tip luyin TP.HCM thdng qua. Nghien c t o chia lim 2 ttung bhih 5.5 ± 1.7 nam; Dp tadi trung binh 20
±2.2 tadi; Chidu cao trung binh 160.5 ± 3.2 cm;
Can nang 50.3 ± 3.8 kg.
Mdi trudng tap luyen md phdng cao nguyen cua nghien ciiu: Mdi trudng tap luyen trong phdng tap md phdng d dd eao 1800m - 2000m so vdi muc nudc biin cd nhiet d§ 20°C, ap suit khdng khi 936mBar, dp im khdng khi 48% va ndng dp pxy 16.8 % khi quyin.
Md t i nghien ciiu: Sinh vien duoc giii tliieh
nhdm: Nhdm thuc nghiem (5 sinh vien), Nhdm doi chiing (5 smh vien) sii dung phuang phip nghiin ciiu song song. Nhdm thuc nghiim tiin hanh tap luyin theo ehuong trinh dupe xiy dimg ttong 4 tain d mdi ttudng md phdng cao nguyin toang ling vdi dp cao 1800m din 2000m; Nhdm ddi chiing tiin hinh tap luyen theo ehuong ttiiih dupe xiy dimg ttong 4 tain d mdi trudng ddng bang vi theo ciing mdt chuong trlnb tap luyin dupe trinh bay d bing 1.
Tudn
Thli 2
Thli 4
Thli 6
Bdng 1. ChiFO'ng trinh thirc nghiem trong 4 tuan Tudnl
-Khoidpng 15 phiit
" 60 phiit tap siic ben 60 - 75 % LT -Hfii phuc 15 phtit -KhoidOng 15 phiit - 60 phiit tap siic ben 60 - 75 % LT - Hoi phuc 15 phiit - Khoi dfing 15 phiit - 60 phut tdp siic bfin 60 - 75 % LT - 2 x 6 x 10 giay max -Hfii phue 15 phiit
Tudn 2 - Khoi dpng 15 phiit - 70 phiit tap siic bfin 60 - 75 % LT -Hoi phye 15 phiit - Khoi dpng 15 phiit - 70 phut tap siie bin 60 - 75 % LT
~2x6x lOgidymax -Hoi phuc 15 phut - Khoi dfing 15 phut - 80 phiit tap siic bfin 60 - 75 % LT -Hoi phuc 15 phut
Tudn 3 - Khoi dpng 15 phiit - 80 phiit tap siic ben 60 - 75 %'LT -Hfii phuc 15 phiit - Khoi dpng 15 phiit - 90 phiit tap siic bfin 60 - 75 %"LT -Hoi phuc 15 phiit - Khfii dfing 15 phiit - 90 phiit tap siic ben 6 0 - 7 5 % L T - 2 x 6 x lOgidymax -Hfiiphuc 15 phiit
Tudn 4 - Khoi dpng 15 phiit - 90 phiit tap siic ben 6 0 - 7 5 % L T - 2 x 6 x lOgidymax -Hfii phue 15 phiit - Khoi dfing 15 phiit - 60 phiit tap siic bin 60 - 75 % LT -Hfii phuc 15 phut
Kifim tra
KET QUA NGHIEN Ciiru VA BAN LUAN Qud trinh nghien eiiu su dung phucmg phdp tham khdo tai lieu, phong vdn, di tdi l\ra chpn dupe 02 chi sfi sinh ly mdu gfim hdm lupng Hemoglobm (g/dl) va sfi lupng hfing cdu trong mpt lmm3 mdu eo y nghia phan anh siic bin trong the thao.
Ghi chu: LT: Toe d^ chay d mipc ngu&ng yim khi, max: toi da 1. Thirc trang mot so chi sd sinh ly mdu cua nCr sinh vien hai nhom thirc nghifm vd ddi chirng
Nghien ciiu tifin hdnh kiem tra y hpc, Idy mdu mdu va xet nghifim tai trung tdm Y tfi truang Dai hpc TDTT TP.HCM. Kfit qua kifim tra thyc trang cua 2 nhom nghifin eiiu dirpc trinh bay qua bang 2.
gMTAOViHgANlUVBVIIillUO -SO2/2017 Bang 2. S6 Jir^ng hong c^u (10°MI) va Hemoglobin (g/dl) cda nij> sinh vien
hai nhom nghien c i i u trirffc thirc nghiem
TT
1 2
Ndi dung
Sd lupng hdng ciu (10^1) Him lupng Hemoglobin (g/dl)
Chi so binh thudng ngirdi
Vi^t Nam 3.80-5.40 12.00-18.00
Nhdm thyc nghiim (n = 5)
X 4.58 13.50
±5 0.41 0.94
Nhom doi chlhig (n = 5)
X 4.64 13.60
i 5 0.32 1.10
P
(toos = 2.78)
>0.05
>0.05 K i t qud kifim tra trudc thuc nghiem cho thdy 2. SIP bien doi ve so lirp'ng hdng c^u va d nhom thuc nghifm vd nhom dfii chiing gid tri ham lirp^ng hemoglobin trong mdu triro'c vd trung binh (x) tuong doi dfing deu (p>0.05) va sau t h y c nghidm a hai nhom^ nghien ciru diu a miic bmh thucmg theo hdng s6 smh hpc , Sau 4 hiln thurc nghiem da tiin hanh kifim fra ngudi Vi?t Nam. lay so lipu Ian 2 theo diing quy trinh kiem tra ldn
1, kit qud dupe trinh bay 6 bdng 3.
Bang
TT Nhdm thuc
nghiim Nhdm ddi
chiing
3. Kit qua kilm tra triro'c vi sau thM'c nghiem d' hai nhom nghien ciJu
Ndi dung
Sd lupng hdng eiu (lO^nl) Ham lupng Hemoglobin (g/dl) Sd luong hdng eiu (lO'nl) Him luong Hemoglobin (g/dl)
TVirdc thu'c nghiim X 4.58 13.50 4.64 13.60
±5 0.41 0.94 0.32 1.10
Sau thirc nghiim X 4.95
15.8 4.71 13.90
±5 0.43 1.15 0.36 1.08
W%
7.76 15.7 1.50 2.18
P
(1005 = 2.78)
<0.05
<0.05
>0.05
>0.05 Sau 4 tudn tap luyen a phong tgp mo phong
moi tnrong hudn luyen cao nguyfin, a nhom thuc nghiem 02 tieu ehi: Sfi lupng hfing cdu (lO^p.1) va ham lupng Hemoglobin (g/dl) co sir bifin dfii khde biet eo y nghla thfing ke (P<0.05). Nhip tang truang or hai tieu chi tren ldn lupt la 7.76%
va 15.7%. Dieu nay eho thdy, dnh huong khi tap luyen o phong tap mfi phong mfii truong hudn luyen cao nguyen doi vfii 02 chi so smh ly dupe nghien ciiu Id kha ro ret. Viec tang sfi lupng hfing cau va ham lupng Hemoglobm trong mau gfip phan tang chiic nang cua mdu thich nghi voi hogt dpng van dpng trong diiu kien thiiu oxy.
Nhom dfii ehiing sau 4 tudn thyc nghiem a mfii truong t$p luyfin bmh thuang thi 02 chi tifiu smh ly mau Id: S6 lupng hfing cau (lO^^il) va Hdm lupng Hemoglobin (g/dl) cfi sir tang nhe, tuy vay sir gia tang khong cfi y nghla thfing ke voi p>0.05. Chi so sinh ly mau diu ndm trong khodng binh thucmg so voi nguai khoe mgnh,
qua do cfi the thdy dupe nii sinh vien chay c\r ly hung binh khi tdp luyfin a moi truomg dfing bang khong CO sir thay dfii nhifiu ve sfi lupng hfing cdu va ham lupng Hemoglobin trong mdu.
3. So sdnh ket qud sau thirc nghiem a hai nhom nghidn ci!ru
Dfi c6 the dua ra nhiing nhan dinh khaeh quan hon ve anh huomg cua moi truang mo phong cao nguyen toi mpt sfi chi sfi sinh ly mdu eua nu sinh vien ehay cu ly trung bmh, tdc gia tien hdnh so sanh kit qud kifim tra sau 4 tudn tap luyen thong qua chi sfi t student. Kfit qud so sdnh dupe trinh bay bang 4.
Qua bang 4 cho bifit, sfi lupng hong cdu a nhom thuc nghiem cao hom nhfim dfii chiing tuy nhifin sir khde biet khfing cfi y nghia thfing ke (p>0.05). Ham lupng Hemoglobin (g/dl) nhom thuc nghiem eao hom nhfim dfii chiing (15.8 >
13.9) su khac biet co y nghia thfing ke (P<
0.05). Nhu vay, sau thoi gian 4 tudn tap luyen fi 2 mfii truong khac nhau da co su thay doi ro ret
691
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Phat trien sire ben la mot trong nhirng nhiem v^i quan trong trong chay cu> ly
trung binh (Anh minh hpa)
Bang 4. Ket qui so sanh so luwng h6ng cau (10°MI) va ham lu'o'ng Hemoglobin (g/dl) cua nO' sinh vien d' hai nhom nghiin cii'u sau thiPC nghiem
TT 1 2
NOI dung Sd lupng hdng cau (lO^^il) Ham lupng Hemoglobin (g/dl)
Chi si binh thirdug ngirdi
Vift Nam 3.80-5.40 12.00-18.00
Nhdm thuc nghiim (n=5)
X 4.95 15.80
±6 0.43 1.15
Nhdm ddi chirng (n=5)
X 4.71 13.90
iS 0.36 1.08
P
(tom-2.78)
>0.05
<0.05 vfi ham lupmg Hemoglobin (g/dl) giiia 2 nhfim
nghien eihi, nhom thuc nghiem da bien doi thich nghi vai dieu kien thieu oxy, tu do gop phdn nang cao khd nang hoat dong van dfing.
KETLUAN
Viee tap luySn a trong moi truang mfi phong hudn luyen cao nguyen cfi tdc dpng dfin sy biin dfii ve sfi lupng hong cau vd ham lupng hemoglobin trong mau, la nin tdng dk ndng cao siic bin trong cfing tdc hudn luyen thi thao.
TAI UEU THAM KHAU
1. Luu Quang Hiep, Pham Thi Uyen (1995), Sinh If hpc Thi d^ie thi thao, Nxb TDTT, Hd Nfii.
2. Frank S. Pyke (1999), Better Coaching, Australian Coaching Coulcil Incorporated.
3. Milosz Czuba, The effects of mtermittent hypoxic ttaining on aerobic capacity and endurance performance in cyclists, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2011) 10,175-183.
4. Saunders, P. U., R. D. Telford, D. B. Pyne, R. B. Cunningham, C. J. Gore, A. G. Hahn, and J. A. Hawley. (2004). Improved nmning economy in elite runners after 20 days of simulated moderate-altitude exposure. Journal of Applied Physiology.
5. Sherwood, Lauralee. (2004), Human Physiology From Cells to Systems (5th ed.).
Califomia: Thomson Leaming, Inc.
6. Stray-Gundersen, James, Robert F.
Chapman, and Benjamin D. Levine. (2001),
"Living high-training low" altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners. Journal of Applied Physiology.
(Bdi n§p ngay 14/4/2017, Phdn bi^n ngay 15/4/2017, duy^t In ngay 25/4/2017)
