Y Hpc VlgT NAM THANG 3 - SO 2/2013 dan theo nhdm tijoi, thap nhat d nhom 30-39
(2,4%), cao nhat d nhdm 60-69 (6,0%) sU khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke vdi p<0,05. Ty le tien DTD khdng cd sU khac biet giuS cac nhdm tudi.
Nhieu nghien cUu cac dau hieu chi diem cho tinh trang rdi loan chuyen hda vdi cac chi sd BMI, ty sd eo/hdng, vdng bung dU doan OTO va cac benh tim mach. Nghien cUu cua Le DS.,ve hinh anh OTD typ 2 trong cpng dong ngUdi Viet Nam, cho thay ngUdi Viet Nam OTO typ 2 cd chi sd BMI gan binh thudng nhUng chi sd md cd the va beo bung cao. Tac gia dUa ra khuyen cao sU dung ket hdp BMI>=23 cung vdi ty suat eo/hdng Idn > 0,90 d nam va >0,85 d niJ lam gia tri ngudng xem xet nguy cd OTD typ 2 d ngUdi Viet nam [4] ap dung cho ngUdi chau A. Chung tdi ap dung de xuat ngUdng xem xet nguy cd OTD cho ngUdi Viet Nam su" dung ket hdp BMI va ty suat eo/hdng nhU khuyen cao cua cac tac gia khac nham phat hien sdm benh nhan, ket qua nghien cufu cua chung tdi khdng thay sU ket hdp cd y nghia thdng ke giij^ benh OTD va chi so BMI
>23; nhung cd mdi lien quan giD'a DTD va chi sd vdng eo Idn vdi 0 R = 2,5; 9 5 % C I [ l , 6 - 4 , 0 ] . NhiJng trUdng hdp vdi chi sd BMI binh thudng nhUng cd ty sd eo/hdng ldn, cd tfch tu m d bung can canh bao Hen trien tdi DTD.
V. KET LUAN
Canh bao tien trien OTO ddi vdi nhu'ng trudng hdp cd chi sd vdng eo Idn ngay ca khi BMI d gidi han binh thUdng.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. Tg van Binh (2005). Nghien cUu thUc trang d^i thio du'dng va r3i loan glucose vh mot so ySu t5 nguy cO tai Ha noi. Bo y te. http://yte.Qov,vn.
2. Du'dng thf Hu'dng, Dang Thi HA (2012), "Dai thao dudng va do lu'dng chi so nhan trSc dy* bao nguy cd tai cpng dSng dSn DUdng Kinh, Hai ghong"
Tap chi Y hQC Vi$tNamX^Y> 393, tr 105 3. Cuong TQ, Dibley MJ, Bowe S, Hanh TT, Loan
TT, (2007), "Obesity in adults: an emerging problem in urban areas of Ho Chi Minli City, Vietnam", Eur J Clin Nutr,, 2007 May; 61(5): 673-81.
4 Le DS, Kusama K, Yamamoto S, (2006), "A community-based picture of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Vietnam", ,.; Atherosder Thromb, 2006 Feb;13(l):16-20.
:J. Rahim MA, Azad Khan AK, Nahar Q, Ali SM, et al (2010), "Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in rural population of Bangladesh", Bangladesh Med Res Osunc Bull 2010 Aug;36(2):47-51.
6. Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P, Alberti KG, (2002),
"Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired feting glycaemia: the current status on d^nition and intervention", CHabetMed. 2002 Sep; 19(9): 708-23.
7. WHO (2008), "-World Health Organization cut-off points and nsk of metabolic complications", mist arxmmference and waist-hip ratio, Geneve, p:27
NGHIEN COU CHOC HUT DjCH 01 CHAN DOAN THAI NHI
NHiinn VIRUS R U B E L U B A N G KY THUAT P C R - R E A L T I M ETAI BENH VIEN PHU SAN TRUNG tmNG
TOM TAT
Mgc tiiir. Odi chieu ket qua chgc hut dich 6i b§ng ky thu|t PCR- Realtime vdi ket qua xet nghiem sinh hoa mien djch mau cuong rdn nhSm chan doan thai nhi nhiem rubella, danh gia do nhay va dp d3c hieu^cua ky thuat PCR- Realtime. PhWdng phip: mo ta cat ngang d phy nff mang thai nhiem rubella d tuoi thai 6- 18 tuan va tU nguyen tham gia nghien cUu.
Ket qua: tat ca cac trUdng hpp chpc dichan doan thai nhi nhiem virus rubella bang ky thuat PCR-Realtime
* Benh vien Phu san Trung u'dng.
Phan bi0n khoa hgc: GS.TS. Nguyin Diic Vy
Le Hoai Chu'dng*
deu CO ket qua chinh xac cao so vdi ket qua x ^ nghiim sinh hoa mien djch mau cudng ron thai nhi. Bp nhay cua phuong phap chpc oi PCR- Realbme dat kS qua cao 96,6%, do dSc hiaj la 100%, dp chi'nh rac oia phUdng phap PCR dkh oi vdi xet nghiem mau cuong ron IgM_ la 98,4% Ket lugn: Ket qua chpc djch di bSng ky thuat PCR- Reaftime cd dp nhay, dp dac hieu va dp diinti xac cao. /G&t nghi: Nen ap dung ky thuat PCR- Realtime xet nghiem djch oi de chan doan xac dinh thai nhi nhiem njbella cho tat ca cac thai phu nhilm rubella.
Y HQC VlgT NAM THANG 3 • SO 2/2013 SUMMARY
RESEARCH AMNIOCENTESIS FOR RUBELLA FETAL DIAGNOSIS BY REAL-TIME PCR AT THE
NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Objective: To compare the results of amniocentesis with the results of biochemical test from cordocentesis to diagnose rubella infection, assess the sensitivity and specificity of PCR- Realtime. Methods:
this is a cross-sectional description in pregnant women infected with rubella in 6- 18 weeks gestabon and voluntarily participate in the study. Result: All cases of diagnostic amnioscentesis fetal rubella virus infection by PCR- Realbme resuls are highly acurate compared with the results biochemical test immune fetal cord blood. The sensitivity of the PCR- Realtime method amniocentesis resuls as high as 96,6%, specificity 100%, accuracy of amniohc fluid PCR testing umbilical cord blood IgM was 98,4%,.
Conclusion: The results poked of amniocentesis by PCR- Realtime sensitivity, specificity and acuracy.
Recommendation: Should be applied PCR- Realtime amniobc fluid tests for fetal diagnosis of rubella infection for all pregnant women infected with rubella.
I.
OAT VANo f
Rubella gSp d ca tre em va ngUdi Idn, nam hay nu', tuy nhien, benh t r d nen rat nguy hiem ddi vdi phu nu" mang thai. Benh thudng pho bien vao mua ddng xuan, va giam dang ke d thdi diem mua he va mua thu. Sau khi xam nhap vao cd the. Rubella luU hanh trong mau va xam nhap cac hach bach huyet, gay ra chUng sdt phat ban vdi 3 trieu chUng dien hinh: sot, phat ban va noi hach [5]. Tuy nhien, viec chan doan sdt phat ban do rubella khdng that sU de dang do cd nhieu trudng hdp khdng bieu hien rd cac trieu chUng, nen cd the gay nham lan trong chan doan, va cdn cd nhieu benh khac cd the gay bieu hien tUdng t u nhU sdt dengue, nhiem adenovirus... [ 6 ] .
PhUdng phap khuech dai gen tim Virus Rubella (PCR- Realtime) trong nUdc di da dUdc nhieu nha nghien cUu trien khai, mang lai ket qua dang ke, giup phat hien dUdc sdm nhieu trudng hdp thai nhi nhiem rubella bam sinh [3], [4].
Tai Viet Nam, benh rubella va hdi chUng
rubella bam sinh con dang la van de bd ngd, trong thdi gian tU dau nam 2011 den nay, tai Benh vien Phu san Trung Udng da ghi nhan sU t3ng dang ke sd IUdng cac ba me mang thai bj nhiem hoac nghi nhiem rubella, vdi sd IUdng thai phu den kham hoi chan vi rubella la tren 2000 ca, sd thai phu dUdc tU van pha thai vi nguy cd thai nhi bj nhiem rubella hoac xin pha thai vi thai phu bi nhiem rubella chiem khoang tren dudi 5 0 % [ 1 ] , [3]. Oieu nay cho thay van de chan doan sdm, can thiep kjp thdi cac trUdng hdp thai nhi nhiem rubella la viec lam rat can thiet. Mgt sd nghien cUu tren the gidi da cho thay, viec chan doan nhiem rubella d thai nhi khdng the ddn thuan dUa vao cac trieu chUng lam sang va xet nghiem sinh hda mien dich ciia me [7]. Do vay, Benh vien Phu san Trung Udng da tien hanh nghien cUu ap dung phUdng phap PCR- Realtime de phat hien thai nhi nhiem rubella d cac thai phu mac rubella cd tud'i thai t i ^ 13 tuan den 18 tuan vdi muc tieu: " £ ^ ' chieu ket qua chgc hut dfch 01 bang ky thuat KR- Realtime v& k& qua xet nghiem sinh hoa mien didi mau cuong ron nham chan doan tJiai nhi nhiem rubella, danh gia do nhay va do dac hieu cua ky thuat POi- ReaMme".
II. D6I TUONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN cCru 2.1. Boi tu'dng nghien cii'u
* Tieu chuan lu'a chgn doi tu'dng nghien cihi:
- Phu niJ mang thai cd cac trieu chUng lam sang nhU sdt, phat ban va ndi hach (tuoi thai tU 5- 18 tuan) den kham thai, theo ddi thai tai Benh vien Phu san Trung Udng.
- DUdc lay mau xet nghiem khang the rubella IgM {+).
- Tuoi thai choc di tU 18 - 26 tuan.
- Cd chi djnh chpc di, benh nhan ddng y cd giay cam ket tU nguyen tham gia vao nghien cUu chpc di qua thanh bung.
* Tieu chuan loai tru':
- Hd sd khdng day du cac thdng tin can nghien cUu.
- Thieu xet nghiem chan doan rubella.
2.2. Phu'dng phap nghien ciiV: Nghien cull md ta cat ngang.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN CCU
- Trong nam 2011, chung tdi thUc hien dUdc 63 trUdng hdp chpc di tai trung tam chan doan trUdc sinh, ket qua thu dUdc nhU sau:
Y HQC VlgT NAM THANG 3 - S6' 2/2013 Bang 1. Phan bo tuoi thai phu choc d ch oi
Tuoi thai ptiij
< 20 tuoi 20- 30 tuoi
>30 tuoi Tong
Tong So lu'dng
5 48 10 63
»/o 7,9 76,2 15,9 100,0 Bang tren cho thay tuoi thai phij chpc oi tu* 20- 30 tuoi chiem cao nhat 7 6 , 2 % Bang 2, Ket qua xet nqhiem dich choc oi b§nq l<y thuat PCR
Xet nghidm dich choc oi Dich oi {+}
Dich 01 (-}
Tong
So lu'ang 29 34 63
Ty le % 46 54
100,0
1
Bang tren cho thay, trong 63 thai phu dUdc chpc oi lam xet nghiem dich choc oi cho ket qua dUdng tinh kha cao, chiem 4 6 % , ket qua am tinii chiem 54%.
Bang 3. Trieu chu'ng sdt d thai phu choc di Tri?u chu'ng
Sot Khonq sot Tong
Mau dich oi du'ong tinh So lu'ang
20 9 29
31,7
%
14,3 46,0
Mau dich So iLfdng
17 17 34
oi am t i n h 27,0
%
27,0 54,0
Tong So lUOnq
37 26 63
58,7
%
41,3 100,0 Bang tren cho thay thai phu cd trieu chu'ng sdt cd 20 mau dich di dUdng tinh chiem 31,7%
Bang 4. Trieu chu'nq phat ban d thai phu choc di Trieu chu'ng
Mau djch oi du'dng
t i n h Mau djch 61 am t i n h
SoIUdng So lu'dng
Tong Sd lu'dng
Co phat ban 31 59
Khonq phat ban 6,4
Tong 46,0 54,0 100,0
Bang tren cho thay thai phu cd trieu chUng phat ban cd 28 mau djch oi dUdng ti'nh chiem (44,4%), Thai phu cd trieu chUng phat ban cd 31 mau dich di am tfnh chiem (49,2%)
Bang 5. Trieu chu'ng ndi hach d thai phu chpc di Mau djch di dUdng t i n h
So lu'dng
%
Mau djch 61 am t i n h ~
So lu'dng 5 6 lu'gng
Tong 20 Khong noi hach 23
Tong 43 68,3
_.- 29 I 46,0 I 34 I 54,0 | 63 | 100,0 i Bang tren cho thay tiiai phu cd trieu chutig ndi hach cd 6 mau dich di dUdng tfnh chiem (9,5%), Thai phu cd trieu chUng ndi hach cd 14 mau dich di am tinh chiem (22,2%)
Bang 6. Phan bo tuoi thai nhiem rubeila 6 thai phu choc Tuoi thai nhiem
rubella
< 12 tuan 13-15 tuan Tong
-^ -"- .u •—IT'—
Mau dich 61 dUtfng tinh So tu'Onq
10 14 29
•A 15,9 22.2 46,0
Mau dich So lu'dng
11 15 34
5i 17,5
%
23,8 54,0
Tonn So lu'dng
21 29 13 63
33,4
%
46,0 20,6 100,0 Tuoi thai nhiem rubella t U 13- 15 tuan cd 14 mau dich di dUdng tfnh chiem (22,2%) cd 15 mau dich oi am tmh chiem (23,8%)
Bang 7. Ket qua choc di va khanq the Xet nghiem mau
cudng ron IqM dUdnq tfnh
IqM Mau dich oi dUdng t i n h SolUdnq
28
o/o
44,4 0 0,0
Y HQC VlgT NAM THANG 3 - SO 2/2013 Iql4 am tfnh
Tonq
1 29 Se=96,6
1,6 46,0 S B = 1 0 0 , 0
34 34 Ac=98,4
54,0 54,0 Bang tren cho ta thay dp nhay ciia phudng phap chpc di PCR - Realtime dat ket qua cao 96,6%. Dp dac hieu la 100%. Dp chinh xac cua phUdng phap PCR djch di vdi xet nghiem mau cudng ron IgM la 98,4%
IV. BAN LUAN
Trong nghien cUu ciia tdi cho thay tudi thai phu chpc di t u 20- 30 tudi co 48 trUdng hdp chiem cao nhat 76,2%, dUdi 20 tudi cd 5 trudng hdp chiem 7,9%, tren 30 tudi co 10 trUdng hdp chiem 15,9%. Nhu vay tudi thai phu chii yeu tap trung d dp tuoi sinh de. Thai phu cd trieu chUng sdt cd 20 mau dich di dUdng tfnh chiem 31,7%, Thai phu cd trieu chuhg phat ban cd 28 mau djch di dudng tfnh diiem (44,4%), Thai phu cd trieu cliUng phat ban cd 31 mau dich oi am tfnh chiem (49,2%), Thai phu cd trieu chuhg nd'i hach cd 6 mau dich di dUdng tfnh chiem (9,5%), Thai phu cd trieu chuhg no! hach cd 14 mau dich di am h'nh chiem (22,2%).
Be chan doan nhiem rubella trong giai doan hien nay ndi chung, thai phy nhiem rubella ndi rieng chu yeu dUa vao dau hieu lam sang nhU:
sdt nhe, phat ban tU mat lan xudng than va cd the ndi hach... Tiep den la yeu t d dich te hpc hay nguon lay nhiem; thU ba la cac xet nghiem sinh hda mien dich, dac biet la IgM dUdng tinh hay khdng? Trong nghien cUu nay, chung tdi chan doan chu yeu dUa vao dau hien lam sang nhU phat ban, sdt nhe va noi hach va xet nghiem sinh hda mien djch, tuy nhien da so cac thai phu deu khdng rd nguon lay. Tat ca cac trudng hdp nay deu dUdc sieu am chan doan hinh thai hpc nhUng chu^
phat hien thay cac bat thUdng gi mac du deu lam sieu am d thdi diem tdi thieu 20 tuan [3].
Tuoi thai nhiem rubella t U 13- 15 tuan cd 14 m l u djch di dUdng tfnh chiem (22,2%), cd 15 mau djch di am ti'nh chiem (23,8%). Tudi thai nhiem rubella < 12 tuan cd 10 mau djch di dUdng ti'nh chiem (15,9%), cd 11 mau dich di am tfnh chiem (17,5%). Tudi thai nhiem rubella tU 16- 18 tuan cd 5 mau dich di dUdng tfnh chiem (7,9%), cd 8 mau djch di am tfnh chiem (12,7%).
Tat ca cac trUdng hdp nay deu cd dau hieu lam sang phat ban va xet nghiem IgG dUdng tfnh, IgM dUdng tfnh. Theo Shigetaka Katow virus dUdc phat hien d banh rau sau 10 ngay me bj nhiem va sau 35-45 ngay mdi tim thay virus trong benh pham thai nhi nhU: djch d i j / a niau cudng rdn [ 7 ] . Vi vay chung tdi da tien hanh chpc hut dich di chan doan thai nhi nhiem Rubella sau 5 tuan tfnh t U ngay cd dau hieu phat
ban cho tat ca 63 trudng hdp nghien culj tren. Trong 63 thai phu 6iidc chpc dl lam xet nghiem djch chpc di cho ket qua du'dng ti'nh 29 tn/dng hdp, ctiiem 46%, ket qua am tfnh 34 trUdng hdp chiem 54%.
Trong nghien cUu nay cho thay do nhay ciia phudng phap chpc di RT-PCR dat ket qua cao 96,6%, dp dac hieu la 100%, do chi'nh xac ciia phUdng phap PCR dich di vdi xet nghiem mau cudng ron IgM la 98,4%. Theo tac gia Bui xuan NghTa va cdng sU, iTng dung ky thuat Nested PCR tren 20 benh nhan nghien cUu choc di cd xet nghiem mau IgM {+), cho thay cd 11 trUdng hdp djch choc di (+) chiem 55%, cd dp dac hieu 100% [2]. Theo tac gia Le Anh Tuan va cdng sU, chpc di 5 trUdng hdp deu cho ket qua chfnh xac vdi ket qua sinh hda mien dich [ 3 ] . Trong nghien cUu ciia chung tdi, CO 1 ket qua chpc oi dUdng tfnh, tuy nhien khi xet nghiem khang the IgM am tfnh, cd the liic dinh chi thai nghen thai nhi dUdi 20 tuan nen chUa dil kha nang tao nen khang the dac hieu.
Dieu nay cho thay gia tri bUdc dau ciia phUdng phap chan doan xac djnh nhiem virus rubella d thai nhi.
Hien nay tren the gidi, viec ap dung tiem chimg hang loat cho nhii'ng be gai trUdc thdi ky sinh san, vi vay benh rubella da va dang dUdc kiem soat rat tdt, dac biet tai cac nUdc phat trien [6]. Do do sd IUdng cac thai phu bi nhiem Rubella trong thdi ky thai nghen va sd IUdng tre bj hpi ChiTng rubella bam sinh cung theo do giam dang ke. Tuy nhien d nUdc ta do chUa dUa vaccin rubella vao tiem chiing md rdng nen hang nam cdn mdt sd IUdng nhat dinh cac ba me mang thai bj mac rubella. Dac biet trong nhtJng ddt dich ldn d cac dja phUdng nhieu thai phu bj nhiem rubella cho nen viec cha'n doan xac djnh thai nhi nhiem rubella la mot van de dUdc nhieu nUdc quan tam nghien cUu.
V. KET LUAN
- Dp nhay cua phUdng phap choc di PCR- Realtime dat ket qua cao 96,6%, dp dac hieu la 100%, do chinh xac cua phUdng phap PCR dich oi vdi xet nghiem mau cudng rdn IgM la 98,4%
Y HQC VlgT NAM THANG 3 - s 6 2/2013 VI. KIEN NGHj
Nen-ap dung ky thuat PCR- Realtime xet nghiem djch di de cha'n doan xac dinh thai nhi nhiem ^ mbeila cho tat ca cac thai phu nhiem rubella.
TAI UEU THAM K H A O
1. L& Diem HUdng, Le Quang Tan, Pham V3n ^•
Anh va cpng syf (2005), "Nhan xet mpt sd trUdng h(?p mSc hoi chUng rubella bSm sinh de xuat bien phap phong ngUa", Hgi nghi Viet - Phap ve san phu khoa vung Chau a Thai Binh Du'ong ian 5, tr 101 - 106.
2. Vu Xuan NghTa, Pham Dufc Minh, Nguyen ^•
Quang Bac va cgng su" (2011}, "Nghien cifu thiet ke Nested PCR phat hien virus rubella trong dich o\ thai phy". Tap chf y hoc thu'c hanh, so
li/2011,tr 55-57. ^ J. Le Anh Tuan, Hoang Thj Ngoc Lan, NguySn
Quang B^c va cong sU (2011). "B^o cao 5 trUdng hdp choc hut dich 61 chan doan thai nhi nhiem vinjs
mbeila b3ng ky thuat Realbme - PCR tai Benh vien Phu san Tmng udng". Tap dii'y hgc Waf Nam, tap 387, SO 1, thang 11/2011, tr 10- 13.
Unda Ho-Terry, George M. Terry and Philip Londesborough (1990). "Diagnosis of fiDetal mbeila vims infection by polymerase chain readron", JojmalofGmeralVirologyTL: 1607-1611.
Klaus-Peter Wandingera, Sandra Saschenbrecker va cpng sU (2011).
"Diagnosis of recent primary rubella virus infections: Significance of glycoprotein-based IgM serology ,IgG avidity and immunoblot analysis", Journal of Virological Methods 174: 85-93.^
Organisation mondiale de la Sant^ (1999).
Directives concernant la surveillance du syndrome de rubeole congenitale et de la rubeole - WHO/V8iB/99.22.
Shigetaka Katow ( 1 9 9 8 ) . "Rubella Vims Genome Diagnosis during Pregnancy and Mechanism of Congenital Rubella", Intervirology
^995',41:163-169.
XAC DjNH CAC CHUNG CANDIDA SPP VA DANH GIA DO NHAY CAM VOTI KHANG SINH CHONG NAM ff BENH NHAN VIEM AM DAO TAI PHAT
T 6 M TAT
Myc tieu: Danh gia do nhay cam ciia cac chiing Ondida^pviS\ khang sinh diong nam d benh nhan viem am dao tai phat tai Benh vien Da lieu Tmng udng. 061 tu^ng va phu'dng phap: mo ta cat ngang ben cuU dy^
tren 37 mau baih pham cua nhom benh nhan tai phat, duoc dinh danh nam bSng quy trinh cfinh loai co cai den va thUc hien ky thuat khang nam do tU thang 3 den thang 9/2012. Ket qua: Viem am dao do C albicans chiem 48,6%; Cglabrata 21,6%; Ctiopicalis 16,2%; Ckmsei 8,2% va Cparapsibsis Vh Cguifiemondii deu chiem ty le tliap 1 (2,7%). I^au het cac chung nam tren deu nhay cam vdi Nystatin (100%) va Amphotencin B (97,3%). Tat ca cac chung khang vdi 5-Fluorocytosine va it nhay cam wdi nhom azole; Ketoconazole (40,5%), dotnmazole (16,2%)va Ruoonazole (13,5%). K ^ lu^n: Calbicans la nguyen nhan diu yeu gay viem am dao tai phat va rat nhay cam vdi Nystatin va Amphoteridn B. Cac chiing Candida non albicans chiem ty le 51,4%, o i xu hUdng it nhay cam vdi khang smh chdng nam nhom azole.
*Benh vien Da lieu Trung ddng; * * Tru'dng Dai hoc YHa Phan bien khoa hgc: PGS.TS. Nguyin Van Thu'ang
Tran C a m V a n * ; N g u y e n Hu'u S a u * * , Tit khoa: Viem am dao do Candida, spp, dp nhay cam thuoc khang nam.
SUMMARY
THE YEAST CAUSING RECURRENT VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND THE
ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY Objectives: to identify taxonomic name of Candida spp and susceptility of antifungal against Candida spp in patients w/ith recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (NHDV). Material and methods: a prospective study on Candida spp and antifungal sensitivity were idenhfied by direct examination and cultivated in Sabouraud agar w/ith chloramphenicol from the vaginal smear of 37 patients with recurent vaginal candidiasis at the NHDV from 03 - 9/2012.
Results: The causes of recurrent vaginal candidiasis were followed: C. albicans 48,6%, 8 Cglabra^
21,6%, C. tropicalis 16,2%), C. kmsei 8.2%, C parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii was low ^,7%).
Ngi
