DUdng Quang Ngoc
Long ghep giao due gidi tinli va tinli due toan dien trong Clii/oing trinh mdn Khoa hpc tU nhien va Chifdng trinh mon Sinh hpe theo Chifdng trinh giao due phd thong mdi
Diidng Quang Ngpc Vien Khoa hgc Gifio di^c Vifl Nam 101 TrSn HKng Dao. HoSn KiSm, HS Noi. Viet Nam Email: [liiongguangngoc@gmaiLcom
TOM TAT: Mdn Khoa hgc tu nhidn (cap Trung hgc ea sd) vi mdn Sinh hgc (cip Trung hgc pho thdng) la nhUng mdn hgc cd nhieu cd hdi de giio due gidi tfnh vi tinh due toan dl$n cho hgc sinh. Ngoai d$c diem mdn hgc da cd nhieu thu$n Igi dS giio due gidi tfnh va tinh due toan dign thi viic vin dgng cic phuang phip dgy hoc, hinh thUc to chUc day hgc, cung cac dieu kl$n hd tra vi suphdi hdp cua eic luc luang ngoai nha trudng cung ddng mdt vai trd quan trgng trong vi$c ning cao higu qui giio due gidi tinh tinh due toin dign cho hgc sinh.
lii KHOA: Giao due gidi linh; giao due tinh due toan dien; khoa hoc tU nhien; Sinh hoc.
-» Nhan b^i 12/01/2019 •> Nhan Itetqui phSn bien va chinh siJa 20/02^2019-> Duy?t iJang 25/4/2019
1.D$tvande
Theo Nghi quyet vS D6i moi chuang trinh (CT), sach giao Idioa (SGK) giao due ph6 diong (GDPT): "Myc tieu GDPT la t$p tnmg phat triin tri tu^, thi ch4t, hinh th^nh phdm chit, nang lyc cong d^,...". Chi thi vk nhi?m vu chii ySu nam hpc 2018-2019 nhSn manh: "TSng cuong giao due (GD) tir tuong, d^o due, loi song. Id nang song, vSn hoa ung xii ttoog nhii truang; xiy di^g moi tmdng GD an toan, lanh raph, than thi6n".
De c6 dugc m^t cugc s6ng an toiin, hieu qua trong mpt th^ gi6i ma HIV/AIDS, cac b?nh lay truySn qua ducmg tinh d\ic (STI), CO thai ngoii dv dinh, bao luc trfin ca sd gioi va bfit binh d5ng gi6i van gay ra nhirng nguy hai nghiem trpng ihi v6i sue Ithoe ciia cac em thi GD giai tinh (GDGT) va tinh dye toin dien (TDTD) dong vai tro cot loi trong qua trinh chuin hi hanh trang cho hpc sinh (HS). Ngay ca khi gan den tuoi truong thinh, nhieu em phai d6i m^t vat cdc th6ng di?p ti6u c\re, mau thuSn va khong ro rang vk giai tinh vi tinh due. Nhung thong diep nay bi lam trim trgng thfim bai s\r im l|lng va xau ho tir phia ngudi Idn, trong do c6 ci cha m? va giio vien (GV). Chinh vi v|y, long ghep GDGT TDTD trong nhk tnrdng ndi chung va trong mon hpc n6i rieng giiip HS hinh thinh cac kiln thiic, thai dp va kl ning diing dan va phii hgp vdi liia tuoi; Cac gia tri tich eye, bao gom ton trgng quyen con ngudi, binh d5ng gidi va da d9ng gidi; Cac thii dO vi kT nSng phu hgp gop phin gay dimg cic moi quan h? an toan, lanh manh va tich cue.
2. N$j d u n g n g h i § n cuTu 2.1 Kni\ quit ve mon hpc Z'1.1. fide di^mmfin hpc
M6n Khoa hpc t\r nhien (KHTN) la mon hgc bit bupc, ivgc d^y 0 cip Trung hpc ca sd vi dugc xay dung, phit ri^n tren nkn tang cic khoa hpc V^t li, Hoi hgc, Sinh hpc '^ Khoa hgc Trii Dit. Doi tupng nghidn cuu ciia KHTN la
cac su vat, hi|n tugng, qua trinh, cac thugc tinh ca bin ve su ton tai, v|tn dpng ciia the gidi t\r nhien gan giji vdi ddi sdng hing ngay ciia HS. Hoat dgng th\rc hinh, thi nghiem trong phdng thue hanh va phong hgc bg mon, d th\rc dia va cac CO sd sin xuat cd vai trd, y nghia quan trpng vi li hinh thiic day hpc dac trung ciia mon hpc.Thong qua viec to chiic cic hoat dpng thirc hanh, thi nghiem, mon KHTN giiip HS khim phi thi gidi tu nhien, phit triin nh^n thiic, tu duy logic va khi nang van dung kien thiic vio th\rc tien.
Sinh hpc la mdn hpc dugc lua chgn trong nhdm mdn KHTN d giai doan GD dinh hudng nghe nghiep. Ddi tugng nghien ciiu eiia sinh hgc la the gidi sinh vat gan gui vdi ddi sdng hing ngay cua HS. Ban than sinh hpc li khoa hpc thyc nghiem. Vi vay, thyc nghiem li phuang phip nghien ciiu sinh hpc, ddng thdi ciing la PPDH dac tnmg ciia mdn hgc nay. Ben canh ndi dung GD cdt ISi, trong mdi nim hpc, nhung HS cd thien hudng hoac hiing thii vdi sinh hpc vi cdng ngh^ sinh hgc dugc chpn hoc mOt so chuyen de hgc tap. H^ thdng cac chuyen dl hpc tap mdn Sinh hgc chii yeu duge phat triin tu ngi dung cic chu de sinh hpc ting vdi CT mdi ldp 10, 11, 12.
2.1.2. Muc tieu mon hoc
Mon KHTN hinh thanh, phit triin d HS nang lyc KHTN, bao gdm cac thanh phin: nhan thiic KHTN, tim hilu ty nhien, v ^ dung kiln thirc, kl nang di hpc; dong thai ciing vdi cac mdn hgc vi hoat dgng GD khac gdp phan hinh thinh, phat triin cac phim chit chii yiu va nang lyc chung.
dac biet la tinh yen thien nhien, the gidi quan khoa hgc, su tu tin, trung thyc, khach quan, thii dg iing xii vdi thi gidi tu nhien phii hpp vdi yeu ciu phat trien ben vimg de trd thanh ngudi cdng dan cd trach nhi?m, nguoi lao dgng cd van hoa.
cin cii, sang tao, dip img nhu cau phit trien ciia ci nhin va yeu ciu ciia sy nghi?p xay dyng, bao v? dat nudc trong thdi dai toin ciu hoa vi each mang cdng nghi?p mdi
Sfi 16 thing 4/2019 19
NGHllNCOrULfLUAN
Mdn Sinh hpc hmh thinh, phit triin d HS ning luc sinh hpc; ddng thdi gdp phin ciing cac mdn hgc, hoat dgng GD khac hinh thanh, phit trien d HS cac phim chit chii yiu va ning lyc chung, die bi?t la tmh yeu thien nhien, nilm ty hao ve thiSn nhien ciia que huong, dit nudc; thai dp ton trgng cic quy lu|it cua thien nhien, tran trpng, giif gin vi bio ve thien nhien, ung xii vdi thien nhien phii hgp vdi yeu cau phat trien ben virng; ren luyen cho HS thi gidi quan khoa hpc, tinh trung thyc, tinh than trach nhiem, tinh yeu lao dpng, cac nang luc ty chii va tu hgc, giao tilp va hgp tac, giai quyet van de vi sang tao.
2.1.3. Yeu cSu can ffat va tfinh hiToing ve phiftfng phap hinh thanh, phat trien nang life dac thu
a. Yeu cdu cdn dgt
Mon KHTN hinh thanh va phat trifin cho HS nang luc KHTN, bao gdm cac thanh phin: nhan thiic KHTN; tim hieu tu nhien; van dung kien thiic, kT nang da hgc. Mon Sinh hgc hinh thanh va phat trien d HS ning lyc sinh hgc, bieu hi?n ciia nang lyc KHTN, bao gdm cac thinh phin ning lyc: nhin thiic sinh hpe; tim hieu the gidi sdng; van dyng kien thiic, ki nang da hgc.
b. Dinh hu&ng vi phucmg phdp hinh thdnh, phdt triin ndng lue KHTN, ndng luc sinh hgc
- DS phit trien thanh phan ning luc nhan thiic KHTN/
smh hgc, GV tao cho HS co hgi huy dgng nhirng hilu bilt, kinh nghiem sin co de tham gia hinh thinh kien thirc mdi.
Chii y td chiic cac hoat dpng, trong do HS co the diln dat hieu biet bing each rieng; thue hi?n so sanh, phan loai, he thdng hoa kien thiic, van dung kien thitc da hpc de giai thich cac sy vat, hien tugng hay giii quyet van de dan gian, qua dd ket ndi dugc kien thue mdi vdi he thong ki6n thiic.
- De phat trien thanh phan ning luc tim hieu tu nhien/
tim hieu the gidi sdng, GV can van dyng mdt sd phuang phap cd uu the phat trien nang luc thanh phan niy nhu:
thyc nghifim, dieu tra, day hgc giai quyet van de, day hgc dy an,... HS cd the ty tim cic bang chiing de kiem tra cac dy doan, cac gia thuyet qua vi?c thyc hien thi nghi?m ho^ie tim kiem, thu thap thdng tin qua sich, intemet, dieu tra,...;
phin tich, xii li thdng tin de kiem tra dy doan. Vice phat trien ning lyc thanh phan nay ciing gan vdi \iec tao co hpi cho HS hinh thanh vi phit trien Id nang lap ke hoaeh, hop tac trong hoat dgng nhdm va kT nang giao tiep qua cic hoat dgng trinh bay, bao cao hoic thio lu^n. Ngoai ra, xu li du:
lieu khi tim cac bai tap li thuyet va thue hanh de nit ra ket lugn ciing giiip HS phat tnen nang lyc tim hieu tu nhien.
- De phat trien thinh phan nang luc v^n dung kien thiic.
kl ning da hgc, GV can tgo cho HS nhijng ca hgi de lien h?, vgn dyng phdi hgp kien thiic, kT ning tu cae ITnh vyc khac nhau trong mon hpc ciing nhu vdi cic mdn hgc khac vao giai quyet nhOng van de thyc te, quan tam sit dyng cic bai tap ddi hdi tu duy phan bi^n, sing tgo (cau hdi md. cd nhieu each giai, gin ket \ di sy phan hdi trong qui trinh hgc,...);
kit hgp GD STEM trong day hgc nhim phit triin cho HS kha ning tich hgp cac kien thirc, kT ning ciia cac ITnh vyc
KHTN, cdng ngh?, ki thuat, toin vao giii quylt mgt so tinh hudng thyc tien.
2.1.4. Mpt sdhinh thtlc kiem Ira. danh gia
Mdn KHTN/Smh hpc sir dyng cac hinh thirc dinh gia sau:
1/Danh gii thdng qua bii viit: bii ty luan, bai trie nghiem khach quan, bai tilu lugn, bao cao kit qua siru tim, bio cio kit qui nghien cihi, dilu tra,...; 2/ Danh gia thdng qua vin dip, thuylt trinh: tra Idi cau hdi van dap, phdng van, thuylt Oinh vin dl nghien cim; 3/ Dinh gii thong qua quan sat: quan sit thii do, qua trinh HS thyc hien cic bii thyc hinh thi nghiem, thao lugn nhdm, hpe ngoai thyc dja, tham quan cac co sd khoa hgc, san xuit, tham gia dy an nghien cihi,... bang each sii dung bang quan sat, bang kiem, ho so hgc tap,...
2.2. Ca hpi long ghep gido due gidi tinh va tinh due todn dr^n trong ChiTdng trinh mon Khoa hpc tiT nhien vd Chifdng trinh mon Sinh hpc
2.2.1. Mpt so khai niem
GDGT TDTD ta mgt quy trinh day vi hpc Idng gh6p trong CT GD ve cac khia canh nhgn thiic, tam li, thi chit va xa hgi ciia gidi tinh vi tinh dye. GDGT TDTD hudng toi trang bi cho HS eic kiln thirc, kT ning, thai dg va gii tri cin thiet de giiip cic em nhan thiic dugc siic khoe, Igi ich va gia tri con ngudi ciia bin nhin minh; hinh thanh cac moi quan h? xa hgi va quan he tinh dye hren ca sd ton trgng lin nhau;
nhan thiic duge lya chgn ciia minh anh hudng tdi bin than vi ngudi khac nhu the nao; nhgn thiic ciing nhu dam bao viec nim giir cac quyen ciia rainh.
Ldng ghep trong CT GD: GDGT TDTD dugc dua vio CT GD nhim hudng din cic nha GD hd trp vi?c hgc ciia HS.
CT nay bao gom eic muc tieu day hpc chinh, xiy dyng cic myc tieu hgc tgp, each trinh bay cac iTnh vyc vi cich tmyen dat thdng di^p cdt loi mdt each rd ring vi cd h? thong.
GDGT TDTD cd the dugc trien khai d ci trong ho?lc ngoii nhi trudng.
Toin di?n: GDGT TDTD tao ca hpi cho ngudi hgc tilp nhan thdng tin vl gidi tinh va tinh dye mgt each toan di^n, chinh xac, tren ca sd bing chimg vi phii hpp vdi lua tudi GDGT TDTD de cgp tdi nhiing vin dl siic khde thih dye va siic khde sinh san. GDGT TDTD bao triun tit ca cic chu de quan trgng mi ngudi hpc cin bilt, bao gom nhflng chii de cd thfe mang tinh nhay cam tai mpt sd mdi trudng xi hpi va van hoi.
GDGT TDTD gdp phin thue day quyIn Igi cua ngudi hpc, giiip cac em nang cao kT nSng phan tich. kl ning giao tiep va cic kT ning sdng khic cin thiit cho siic khoe vi Igi ich ca nhan lien quan tdi: gidi tinh, tinh dye, quyIn con ngudi, cac mdi quan h? linh m ^ va ton trgng lan nhau giiia gia dinh \'a giira cic ca nhin, cac gia tn ban thin va gia tri phd quat, chuan myc van hoa vi xi hgi, binh ding gidi, khdng phan bi?t ddi xir, hanh vi tinh dye, bgo lyc va b^o lyc tren co sd gidi, sy ddng thu^n va bit kha xira p h ^ vl CO thi, Igm dyng tinh dye va cac thu tyc cd h^ khac nhu tao hdn vi cudng ep kit hdn (CEFM) va cit bd bp ph^n smh 50 TAP CHi KHOA HQC GIAO DIJC VlfT NAM
Dddng Quang Ngoc
dye nit (FGM/C).
GDGT TDTD bao gom mdt logt cac chii dl thugc tim ITnh vyc chinh. Tim ITnh vuc chinh dupe dua ra cd miic dg quan trgng nhu nhau, vdi mdi quan hS tuong hd va dugc thiit ke de dgy song song vdi nhau. Cic chu de dugc lap Igi nhilu lan vdi miic dg phiic tap ngay cing cao, cung cap thSng tin dya trSn kidn thirc di hpc trudc dd theo cich tiep can dang xoin 6c (xem Bang 1).
2.2.2. Cd hdi long ghep giao due gidi tinh va tinti due loan dien dda tren npi dung cu the va yeu cau can dat d chifdng trinh mon Khoa hoc td nhien (trong chu ffe VAT SONG) cap Trung hpc cd sd (xem Bang 2)
2.2.3. Cd hpi long ghep giao due gidi tinh va tinh due toan dien dUa tren npi dung cu the va yeu cau can dat trong chUdng trinh men Sinh hpc cap Trung hpc phd thong (xem Bang 3)
B^ng 1: Cac chd de cua linh vi/c GDGT TDTD
LinhvilccliinliZ:
Gia Irl, quyen, van hoa va linh due Chil de' Chil (Jg:
1.1. Gia Smh 2.1. Gia tri va tinh due 1.2. Tinh ban, tinh yfiu v i cic moi quan he 2.2. Quyen con ngUfli vatinh due tinh cSm 2.3. Van hoa, xa hoi v& tinh due 1.3. Sil bao dung, hoi nhap v i ton trpng
1.4. Cam l(g't gin bi^ iclu dii v i iim bo/lim me
L M lire chinli 4: Li Sao l^c va c k h glQ an todn Ki nang dam b^o s\tz khoe va hanh ptiuc
Linh vuc chinh 3:
Nhin thdc ve gidi Chu de.
3.1. Nguon goe xa hpi ciia gidi va cSc cttuan nniic gifli
3.2. Binh dSng gidi, I<hu6n mau va dinh l<ien
3.3. Bao [lie tren cdsd gidi Linh vuc chinh 6:
Ctr the con ngifiri va sp phat Irlen Chil de:
4,1.Baoii/c
4.2. Quyfin dfing y, quyin rieng tii v i quyin bit \ti\k xim phgm ed th^
4.3. SA dung an toan c6ng nghe Uiong Un truySn thdng
Chii de:
5.1. Chuan mi,/c v i inh hudng ciia ban ddng [iia doi v(3i hinh vi tinh dgc
5.2. Ra quylt dinh
5.3. Kl nang giao tilp. lit choi v i dam phan 5.4. Kiln thiJe ve phi/dng tien tmyen thong v i tinh due 5.5. Tim l(ilm s j giup dS v i h6 trd
Chii de.
6.1. Dac diem giii phSu v i chirc ning 6.2. sinh ii eiia he sinh dgc 6.3. Smh skn 6.4. Tudi d^y thi 6.5. Hinh inh etJ the
Chi] ai.
7.1. Gidi tinh, tinh duo v i chu l<i tinh dgc 7.2, Hanh VI tinh due v i phin lihg tinh dgc
Chu de'
8 1 . Mang thai v i bign phip trinh tiiai
8.2. Dinh kien, chim s6c, chOa hi v i ho trq ngi/di mic HIV/AiOS 8.3. Nhin thiJc, nhan dien va glim thieu nii ro mic Sn va HIV
Bdng 2: Cd h^i long ghep GDGT TDTD dda tren n^i dung cu the va yeu cau can dat d CT mon KHTN (trong chu de VAT SONG) cap THCS LJp Noi dung va yeu cau can Jal I'ong CT KHTN
Virus v i vi khu^n: Ngu diiOc mdt sd benh do vims va vi khuin giy ra. Trinh biy dUdc mpt sd each phdng va ehong benh do virus v i vi khudn giy ra.
Oa dang nam: Ngu diide mdt sd bgnh do nim gay ra Trinh bay dddc cich phdng v i ch6ng benh do nim gay ra.
Linh vuc (LV), chu do (CD) GDGT TDTD CO khi nang long Miic do
"ngghep LV: Siic khoe 8nh due v i smh sin Bd phan CO; Nhin thifc, nhsin dien v i giam thieu nji ro mac STi v i HIV
LV: Ki ning dam bio sHc kho6 v i hanh phuc (CD' Ra quylt dinh; Giao tilp, tii chdl va dim phin; Tim kiem si/ hd trd) Khii quit vIcdthlngUdI:
- Nlu ditdc tin v i vai trd chinh ciia c i c co quan v i h | cd quan trong cd Uil ngi/di.
Sinh s i n :
• N€u dddc ehirc ning ciia h | sinh dgc.
- K l tin di/pc cic cd quan v i trinh bay diidc chiie ning ciia cic cd quan sinh dge nam v i nd.
Linh vUc: Cd the con ngiJfli v i su phit trien ciia cd th^ Toin phin con ngtidl
CD: Die diem giii phiu va chile ning sinh II ciia he sinh due.
CO' Hinh inh cd the
LV: Ki ning d i m bio siic khoi va hanh phiic (CD. Ra quylt dinh; Giao tiep, hi choi va dam phin; Tim kilm si; hd tnj).
Sinh s i n :
- Neu diidc khii ni|m thu tinh v i thy thai.
- Nlu diide hi|n h/ong kinh nguylt v i eich phdng trinh
LV: Siic khoi tinh dpc v i sinh s i n CD: Mang thai v i bi|n phap tilnh thai
LV: Ki ning dim bio sde kho^ v i hanh phtic (CO' Ra quylt iSnh; Giao tilp, til chdi v i dim phin; Tim kilm sy hd trd)
Toin phin
Sd 16thing 4/2019 s;
NGHIEN CI/ULfLUAN
Noi dung v i yeu cau cin dat tiong CT KHTN Linh vuc (LV), chii de (CD) GDGT TDTD CO
Sinh sin:
Tiinh biy diJdc eich phdng chdng eic benh liy tiiiyen qua diidng smh dge (b|nh HIV/AIDS, giang mai, lau,...).
LV: Sire khoi tinh due v i sinh sin
CO: Nh|n tiiiic, nh|n di|n vi giim thieu nii ro mle STI v i HIV LV: Ki nang dim bio siJc khoi va h?nh phiic (CD: Ra quylt dinh; Giao tilp, ttJ chdi vi dam phin; Tim kilm sif ho hd)-
loan phin
Sinh sin:
- Ke ten diidc mot sd benh lay truyln qua diJdng smh due.
- Neu dUdc y nghia va eac bien phap bao ve siic khoe sinh san vi thinh nien. Van dung di/de hieu biet ve sinh sin de bio ve siic khoe ban than
- Dieu tra dUdc sd hieu bilt cua HS trong tn/dng ve silc khoi sinh sin vi thinh niln (an toan tinh dgc)
LV: Siilc khoi tinh dpc v i sinh sin
CD: Nh|n thiie. nhin di|n vi giim thilu nii m mSc STI v l HIV.
LV: Ki ning dim bio siilG khoi va h?nh phPe (CO' Ra quyet dinh; Giao tilp, tii ehdi v i dim phan; Tim kilm sii ho trp).
Toin phan
LV: Cd the con ngUill v i sir phit trien eia ed th^ eon ngUdi Bq ph|n CD. Smh sin.
LV: Ki nang dim bio sife khoi va hanh phuc (CO: Ra quyet dinh, Giao tilp, tii chdi v i dim phan; Tim kilm si/ hd trfl).
Di truyen hgc vil hdn nhin:
- N6u diJdc vai trd ciia di tiuyin hoc vdi hdn nhan va trinh bay di/dc quan diem ve lya chpn gidi ti'nh trong sinh sin d ngi/di. Nlu dydc y nghia ciia vile elm kit hdn gin huylt thdng.
- Tim hieu dyde hjdi ket hdn fl dia phUdng.
Cd ch£ xac djnh gidi tinh:
Trinh bay dype cd chi xie dinh gidi tinh. Nlu diJdc mOt sd yiu td inh hydng din sy phin hoa gidi tinh.
LV: Tinh due v i hinh vi tinh due CD: GiOi U'nh, tinh dgc v i chu ki tinh due.
LV: Ki ning dim bio sde khoi v i hanh phiie (CD: Ra quylt djnh; Giao tiep, tii chdi v i dim phin; Tim kilm sy ho ti'C).
Bd ph|n
IJfng dung cdng nghe di truyen:
Nlu diJdc mdt sd vin de ve dao diic sinh hgc trong nghien CLTU v i ting dung cdng nghe di truyen.
LV: Siic khoi tinh due v i sinh sin CD' Mang thai vl bien phip ti'inh thai.
LV: KT nang dim bio siic khoi v i hanh phiic (CD: Ra quylt dinh; Giao tiep, til chdi v i dim phin; Tim kilm sy hd tQ).
Liln h@
Nhan xet:
- CT mon KHTN/Sinh hoc vcri d^c thii cua m6n hpc cho thay CO nhieu ca hoi long ghep GDGT TDTD trong cac liiih vuc: KI ning dim bao site khoe va hanh phiic; Ca the con nguoi va su phat trien cua co the con nguoi; Tinh due vi hanh vi tinh due; Sire Ichoe tinh due va sinh san
- Hau het cac lop deu co the long ghep GDGT TDTD vcri
mite do va thcfi lugng khac nhau; rieng 6 mgt so chii de GDGT TDTD dugc long ghep 6 miic toan phan trong CT.
- Tuy nhien, neu chi rieng trong CT mon KHTN hay Sinh hgc thi mcfi chi th\rc hi^n GDGT TDTD dugc d mgt s6 chii de va ciing chua co tinh phat trien mo rgng. Vi v§y, de dam bao dugc hk cac muc tieu GDGT TDTD thi can Idng ghep them vao cac mon hpc, ho?t dgng GD khac.
Bing 3; Cd hdi long ghep GDGT TDTD diia tren npi dung cu the va yeu cau cin dat trong CT mdn Sinh hpc cap THPT Linh vuc (LV), chil de (CD) GDGT TDTD
eo kha ning long ghep Virus gay benh:
- Trinh biy duoc phUdng thyc lay tmyen mpt sd benh do vims 6 ngi/fli, thyc vat va ddng vat (HIV, ciim. sdi...) vi each phdng chdng. Giai thich dydc cac benh do vi- ms thydng lay lan nhanh, rdng va ed nhieu biin till - Thyc hien dU0c dy in hoac de tai dieu tra mdt sd benh do virus gay ra va tuyen tmyen phdng chdng benh
LV: Siie khoi tinh due v i sinh sin
CO" Nhan thdc, nhin dien va giim thieu nil ro mSc STi va HIV.
LV: Kl nang dam bio siic khoi v i hanh phuc (CO: Ra quylt djnh; Giao tilp, ty chdi vi dam phin; Tim kiem si/ hd bQ).
Bdph^n
Sinh sin i ddng vit: Trinh biy dUde qui trinh sinh san hQu tinh d dpng vat (liy vi du d ngydi): hinh thanh tinh trimg, tning; thu tinh tao hdp tii. phat tnln phdi tiiai;
syde.
Sinh tnfdng v i phit trien 6 dong vit: Tudi diy thi. trinh thai va b|nh, lit: Phin tich die dilm tudi day thi d ngydi v i ilng dyng hieu bilt ve Ui6i diy thi de bio v| sue khoe, Cham sde bin than v i ngydi khic.
LV: Cd the eon ngUdi v i su phit trien cua cd \hi con ngufli CO Sinh sin.
LV: Ki ning dim bio siile khoi v i hanh phiie (CO Ra quylt dinh, Giao tiep, til chdi vi dim phin, Tim kiem sa hd hij).
LV: Cd th^ con ngUtfi v i sd phit t r i ^ ciia cd l\t6 con ngUdi CD: Tudi day Uii.
LV: Sde khoi tinh dgc v i sinh sin CD Mang thai vi bi|n phip o ^ h thai
LV: Ki ning dim bio sde khoi v i hank phiic (CD: Ra quyet dmh; Giao tilp, ttr ehdi v i dim phin; Tim kilm sd hfl tnj)
Bdphin
Toin phin
52 TAP CHl KHOA HQC GIAO DIJC VIET NAM
sinh sin d dflng vit:
- Trinh biy di/dc mdt sd iing dung ve dilu khien sinh sin d ddng vit v i sinh 3& ed k l hogch d ngi/fli.
- Nlu dydc mdt sd thinh ti/u thg tinh trong dng nghi|m.
•- Ttlnh biy dy0c cic bl^n phip trinh thai.
Linh vUe (LV), chu de (CD) GDGT TDTD CO kha nang long ghep LV: S&c khoi tinh due v i sinh sin CD: Mang thai v i bien phip trinh thai.
LV: Kf ning dim bio siic khoi v i hanh phiic (CD; Ra quylt dinh; Giao tilp, ttr ehdi v i dim ph4n; Tim kiem si/ hd trd).
Bd ph$n
Mlin djch d d^ng vit:
- Trinh biy dyoe qui trinh phi vd he miln djch ciia cic tie nhin giy b?!nh trong cd till ngydi binh: HIV, ung thii, ty miln.
- Dilu tra viec thyc hi|n tiem phdng binh, dich trong tiiJdng hoc hoic tai dia phddng.
* Chuyin dl 11.2: Mdt sd benh dich d ngydi v i each phdng, chdng.
LV: Smc khoi tinh due v i sinh sin
CD: Nh|n thirc, nhgn dien vi giam thieu nil ro mac STI va HIV.
LV: KT ning dim bio sO'e khoi v i hanh phiic (CD: Ra quyet dinh; Giao tilp, til chdi v i dim phin; Tim kilm sy hd trd)
Toin phan
- Dl truySn gidi tinh va lien ket vdi gidi tinh:
Giii thich di/dc ti 11 li tiiuylt gidi b'nh ti^ong ty nhiln tiii/dnglil : 1 .
- Trinh biy dddc quan diem cua ban than ve viec dieu khiln gidi tinh d ngi/di theo y mudn.
- Dl truyin quSn th^: Phan tich dydc ciu trOc di tmyen ciia quin thi giao phdi g§n. Gicii thich vin de thi/c tiln:
vin dl hdn nhan gia dinh trong kit hdn g^n.
- Dl truyln hgc ngudi: Giii thich di/dc vi sao ccin din cd sd Id vin hdn nhan gia dinh tn/dc khi ket hdn vi sang Ipc tn/dc sinh.
- Sinh Ihil hpc quan the: phan tich dyde hau qui eiia ting tnrdng din sd qui nhanh.
- Phit trl^n bin vflng: Trinh bay dddc cac van de dan s6 hi|n nay v i vai trd ciia chinh sach dan sd, ke hoach hoi gia dinh tmng phat tnln bin vCTng.
LV: Cd thi eon ngudi va sU phat trien cua cd the con ngUdi CD: Smh sin.
LV: KT ning dim bio siic khoi va hanh pbiic (CD: Ra quyet dinh; Giao tiep, ttJ chdl va dim phan; Tim kiem sy hd trd).
2.3. fi£ xuat gitii phap long ghep giao due gidi tinh va tinh due toin ttl^n trong chUdng trinh mon Khoa hpc tit nhien va chiTdng ttinh mon Sinh hpc hieu qua
2.3.1. Nang cao ning liic dpi ngu giao vien va chat Ittdng c6ng tic dio tao, boi dddng
Dua npi dung GDGT TDTD vao CT dao tao a cac truong suphjun de tao ngu6n GV KHTN/Sinh hoc co du ning luc, sin sing thyc hien cho nhirng doi mai noi chung va GDGT TDTD trong cic nha truong pho thong noi rieng. Xay dung CT boi du&ng, ting cucmg chuyen mon (noi dung, phuong phip giang day, ki6m tra danh gia,.. ) ngin han va dai h^n de dio t^o, b6i duong vk GDGT TDTD cho cac GV KHTN/
Sinh hpc.
2.3.2, Phat trien sdch giao khoa, giao trinh va t i i lieu long ghep gido dye giiii tinh va tinh due toan di^n
Cac tac gii vi^t SGK KHTN/Sinh hpc cin dua ngi dung GDGT TDTD theo chuin qu6c ti vao SGK moi. Npi dung cac bp SGK phai viia dam bao tinh khoa hgc, cung cap hi$u qua cic npi dung GDGT TDTD vira phai phan anh su da d?ng vin hoa, vk hinh anh, die trung van hoa, phong tuc tap quin, phu hgp v6i cac di^u kien kmh te khac nhau. D6ng thdi, SGK moi cin tang cucmg ngi dung vk GD kT ning song, GD hudng nghiep, binh ding gioi,...
BO GD&DT chi d^o bien soan h? thdng cac giao trinh, tai li^u b6 sung lien quan d6n GDGT TDTD trong cac truemg
su pham. Tang cuong xay dung cac CT giang day, dao tao true tuySn, cac tai lieu hgc tap ki thuat s6 ve GDGT TDTD.
Xay d\mg va hoan thien tai lieu huong din GDGT TDTD theo chuin qu6c ti trong nha truang pho thong de lam ngu6n tai lieu tap huin, h6 trg GV trong giang d^y.
2.3.3. Doi mdi phUdng phap day hpc, da dang hoa cic hinh thUc td chUc day hpc va kiem tra danh gia
Ngoai viec khai thac hieu qua cac PPDH d^c thii ciia mon hgc, cin tap trung dSi mod, cai thien PPDH tich cue liy HS lam trung tam, tang cuong su tuong tac giira HS voi HS, giu:a HS vai GV, tao hirng thii hon cho HS trong hpc tap.
Six dung nhiSu PPDH, kl thuat day hgc nhu day hoc nhom, tranh luan, dii an, giai quylt vin de,... trong GDGT TDTD cho HS. Thanh lap, id chuc hoat dgng cau lac bg, diln dan, hgi thi,... gop phin bo sung nhiing ngi dung, ki ning con chua dugc giang day thong qua mon hgc, dong thai c6 the giiip HS giai quySt trpn ven mpt ngi dung can tim hieu.
2.3.4. Ting cUdng cd sd vat chat, thiet bi day hpc Ting cuong diu tu co so vat chat truong ldp, die bi?t cac phong hgc bo mon, phong may tinh, phong Lab, thu vi^n.
trang bj day dii phuong tien, do diing va thiet bj day vi hgc dl h6 trg dSi moi phuong phip, nang cao chat lupng GDGT TDTD.
8616 thang 4/2019 53
NGHIEN Cl/U LI L U A N
2.3.5. Nang eao chat lUdng xay ddng ke hoach va chi dao t r i e n khai
c i n dua vin dl GDGT TDTD vao cong tac lip kl hoach phat trien GD va dio tgo, long ghep vao cac k€ hoach tir trung uang den dia phucmg de giii quyet van de nay mgt each thudng xuyen, he thong nham thue diy nang cao chat lugng GD. Trong cong tac lap ke hoach, can bao dam co du so li?u va phan tich cu thi ve thue trang GD, de tir do dua ra cac muc tieu va bien phap cu the ca ve quan li va chuyen mon cho Sd GD&DT, Phong GD&DT, nha trudng, bao gom ca cac bi?n phap phoi hgp lien nganh de phan bo nguon luc, ngan sach hai hoa co luu y den tang cudng ngi dung va chat lugng GDGT TDTD. Doi mdi cong tac quan li GD d ca sd de phat huy nang lire va tinh tu chii cua co sd, ciia GV va can bo quan li GD trong viec da dang hoa cac hinh thirc, phuang phap ciing each tiep can nhim nang cao chit lugng GD GD noi chung, GDGT TDTD noi rieng.
2.3.6. Tang eUtfng cdng t i c truyen thdng v i keu gpi sU chung tay tiir cpng dong
GDGT TDTD dong vai tro c6t loi trong qua trinh chuin bi hanh trang cho gidi tre de co dugc mpt cupe song an toan, hi?u qua trong mpt thi gidi ma HIV/AIDS, cac b?nh lay truyln qua dudng tinh due (STI), co thai ngoai du dinh.
bao lyc tren co sd gidi va bit binh ding gidi van gay ra nhOng nguy h?i nghiem trpng doi vdi sue khoe cua cic em Vi vay, can ting cudng va nang cao cong tie truyen thong vl vai tr6 quan trpng vi gia trj cua viec GDGT TDTD d cac cpng d6ng, cac nha trudng, cho can bg quan li, GV, cho ca HS va phy huynh. MJt khac, vi?c GDGT TDTD khong chi tiln hanh trong nha trudng, chi nha trudng thvc hifn, mS con cin c6 s\r chung tay h6 trg tir gia dinh, cgng dong v4 cac to chiic.
3. Ket ludn
Trong nha trudng, viec GDGT TDTD cho HS trung hpc la cin thiit va cip bach. CT mon KHTN ya CT mdn Sinh hgc, vdi die thii cua mon hgc, co rat nhieu npi dung ban than no da la GDGT TDTD. Ngoai ra, vdi nhung chii dl ggi y va vdi nhung PPDH, hinh thiic t6 chiic d^y hgc phu hpp CO thi 16ng ghep GDGT TDTD cho HS mOt each hi?u qua, phii hcrp vdi chuan quoc te. De GDGT TDTD hi?u qua can phai triin khai d6ng bg cac giai phap, trong do cin bin nhSl van la nang cao nang luc dgi ngu GV trong cong tic giang day, kit hgp vdi su quan tam vao cugc cua cic lyre lugng ngoai nha trudng, khong nen de nha trudng ganh vac het trach nhi?m trong cong tac GD noi chung va GDGT TDTD noi ri6ng.
T^i lieu tham khao
[1] A. Irvin, Quach Thu Trang, (2018), Bdo cdo ddnh gid gido due sue khoe sinh sdn vd sue khde tinh due trong truang trung hoc ca sa va trung hpc phd thong d Viet Nam.
[2] B? Bo Giao dye va Dao tao, (2018), Chi thi vi nhi4m m chil yiu ndm hoc 2018 -2019 cua ngdnh Gido diic vd Ddo lao S6 2919/CT-BGDDT,HaNQi.
[3] B6 Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chuang Irinh gido due pho thong mdn Khoa hoc tu nhien Ban hanh kem theo Thong tu s6 32/2018/TT-BGDDT ngay 26 thang 12 nam 2018 ciia Bg truong Bo Giao due va Dao tao.
[6]
Bo Bp Giio dye va Dio t^o, (2018), Chuang Irinh gido diic phd thong mon Sinh hpc Ban hanh kem theo Thong tu s l 32/20 ISnr-BGDDT ngay 26/12/2018 cua Bg tnrcrag Bo Giio due va Dao tao.
QuIc hpi, (2014), Nghi quyit vi Doi mdi chuang trinh.
sdch gido khoa gido due pho thong. So 88/20I4/QH13.
Hi Npi.
UNESCO, (2018), Tdi li4u hudng ddn kfthupt quoc tevi gido difc giai tinh - Cdch tiep cdn dua tren bdng chung.
INTEGRATING COMPREHENSIVE SEX AND SEXUAL EDUCATION IN NATURAL SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY PROGRAM UNDER THE NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM
Duong Quang Ngoc
The Vietnam Natonal Institute of Educational Sciences 101 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi. Vietnam Email duongquangngoc@gmail com
ABSTRACT: Natural Science (at secondary school level) and Biology (at high school level) are the subjects provided with many opportunities for comprehensive sex and sexual education for students. In addition to the characteristics of the subjects which have many advantages for comprehensive sex and sexual education, the application of teaching methods, the organizational forms of teaching as well as the conditions of support and the coordination of out-oi-school forces also play an imports^
role in improving the effectiveness of comprehensive sex and sexual education for students.
KEYWORDS: S e i education; c o m p r e h e n s n e sexual education; natural s c i e n c e ; blology-
54 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GlAO DUC VIET NAM
