Van de dao tao tri/c tuyen ci Xingapo va mot vai gdi y doi v6i Viet Nam
NGUYEN V A N HUNG*
D
ao tao true tuyen (hay cdn gpi Id e- thue day Xingapo trd thanh mdt trung learning) Id mdt thuat ngQ xud't tam ke't ndi vl dao tao trilc tuye'n (hub e- hien tu nhQng nam 90 eua the ky trQdc learning) trong khu vUc chau A Thai ddng hanh eung sU phat trie'n eua may Binh DUdng. Cac nhd lanh dao qudc gia tinh, mang, edng nghe viin thdng. E- nay xae dinh e-learning sd giup tao ra learning la phQdng thQc hpc ao thdng qua mdt liie lUdng nhan edng ddng dao cd ky mdt ndi mang ddl vdi mdt may ehu d ndi ndng d Xingapo rat cin thie't eho sil phat khae cd lUu giQ sin va phln mim ein trid'n kinh te bin vQng cila quoc gia.thiet de ed the hdi/yeu elu/ra di eho hoe . , , . ^ . -^' .v^ V .» ' J ..w 1. Ung dung va phat trien e-learning tf
trilc tuyen tQ xa. Xingapo dang eo dQde & . & i- o mdt sQ tdng trQdng nhanh chdng ve e- ^ ^
learning, ude tinh thi trUdng e-learning Vdi ldi the sin ed, Xingapo la mdt trong nam 2011 vao khoang 0,7 ty USD - mdt nhQng qudc gia tien phong trong vide Qng eon so' cho tha'y mdt thi trUdng diy hQa dung e-learning vao dao tao va phat trien hen cua khu vile chau A. Cd sd ha ting con ngUdi. Dilu nay xuat phat tQ 3 diy du, sU tie'n bp nhanh chdng eua linh nguyen nhan cd ban: Thd nhdt, e-learn- vilc thdng tin truyin thdng, qua trinh ing cho phdp nhieu ngUdi hdn tie'p can vdi toan clu hda vd sil thay dd'i trong cd ed'u giao due mpt each thudn tien, tdng cQdng nhan khau, nhu clu dang tdng v l cdng va ciing cd' ky ndng cua con ngQdi thdng nhan tri thQc, eae ngudn iQc thue ngodi va qua tich luy kien thQc. Thd hai, e-learn- nhQng bidn phap kich thich cua ehinh ing cd the day manh chuyen giao cdng phu la nhQng nhan to' chinh tac dpng tdi nghd tQ nhQng quoc gia ky thuat tien tid'n sQ tdng trQdng cua e-learning b Xingapo. tdi Xingapo thdng qua dau tQ trilc tid'p Cae Cd quan, td chQc giao due Xingapo da nQdc ngoai vao linh vQc thong tin, truyin trien khai dp dung eac he thd'ng, md hinh thdng. Thd ba, chi phi re hdn tQdng ddl quan ly giao due hidn dai gdp phln tao ra cua e-learning lam tang hieu qua dau tQ mdi trUdng hpc tap hieu qua hdn. Chinh ^a hpi gid'ng nhU giam chi phi san xua't phu Xingapo cung dUa ra nhilu chinh cila nen kinh te qud'c gia.
saeh vl edng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) de Dot vdi cdc doanh nghiip.
Nguyen Van Hung, Hoc vien cao hoc Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc dan
NhQng ldi the' cua e-Iearning da co bung nd tai Xingapo. Lien minh Cdng nhQng tac ddng a n h hudng nha't dinh tdi nghe Xingapo dU doan r i n g thi trUdng e- cae doanh nghiep, cdng ty tai Xingapo. Cd learning d Xingapo se cham mQc 600 trieu tdi 71% sd' doanh nghiep Xingapo nhan USD va ngUdi dung se ehi tra khoang 200 tha'y e-learning hieu qua hdn dao tao theo trieu USD trong nam 2011. Hpe vien PSB kieu truyen thd'ng, cd the' giup hp trie'n cua Xingapo da ky ket vdi ddl tac UK khai vide ddo tao n h a n h hdn va ndi dung eUniversity eua Anh de' eung cap cac dao tao de'n dupe vdi n h i l u ngUdi hdn. Dae chQng chi triic tuye'n tQ cac dai hpe vUdng biet, vide ap dung e-learning da giup eac quoc Anh. Hang Sun Micro System cung doanh nghiep tie't kiem chi phf dao tao, dau tu 5,6 trieu bang eho dil an UK gdp p h l n tang nang sud't lao ddng va giup eUniversity de phat trien mpt nen tang e- ngUdi lao ddng tich luy dUdc nhilu hdn - learning manh va hien dai. NhQng dU an nhQng ldi fch quan trpng nhat md e- ^^y ^ a n g lai nhieu ed hpi va thach thQc, learning dem lai cho cac doanb nghiep, q^^ (j5 tao dUdc nhilu edng an viec lam cdng ty Xingapo. Vi the, cac cdng ty hdn cho n i n kinh te Xingapo.
Ddi vdi he thdng gido due.
Xingapo da chi t r u n g binh 20-25% ngan sach dao tao cua ho vao e-learning. Nhilu
doanh nghiep da 'chuye'n sang dao tao He thd'ng quan ly giao due, eac trUdng blng e-Iearning va hudng nhQng ldi ieh ed hpe Xingapo tQ phd thdng de'n dai hpe diu
dQde tQ dd. Vi du nhu Cisco System d ^ng dung edng nghe e-learning. Cd tdi Xingapo da Qng dung cd'ng thdng tin dao 70% hpc sinh eho r i n g edng nghe nay da tao gpi la P a r t n e r E-learning Connection ginp ho tang dQde lUdng kie'n thQe tid'p thu (PEC) cung cap chUdng trinh dao tao ea vd cam tha'y hQng thu hdn trong vide hpc.
the hda de'n tQng n h a n vien eua eae edng Bd Giao due Xingapo da trien khai be ty ddl tac, giup eho eac ddl tac eua Cisco thd'ng quan ly dao tao trilc tuye'n (System tie't kiem hang trieu USD mdi nam. Hay Management E learning) tren toan qud'c, nhQ Citibank Xingapo, mdt trong nhQng dUdc nhilu trUdng hudng Qng va da dat cdng ty tien phong trie'n khai e-learning dQde nhieu ke't qua. 75% trQdng hpc sQ vao nhQng nam 2000 va tdi cuol nam dung he thd'ng nay cho bie't chi phi dao tao 2009, da cd tdi 56% cdng tac dao tao cua da giam tQ 50 - 80 dd la Xingapo xud'ng Citibank dQde quan tri qua mang, giup edn 20 - 50 dd la (nam 2009). Ba trUdng ngUdi lao dpng cd the' truy cap mpi thdi dai hpe edng nd'i tie'ng eua Xingapo (Dai diem vdi ndi dung dao tao h n h boat va hpe qud'e gia Xingapo -NUS, Dai hpe ky thoai mai. Phdng Quan ly nhan sU eua thuat Nanyang - NTU va Dai hpc quan ly Citibank Ude tinh ehi phi cho e-learning Singaporre SMU), dUde ehinh phu quan ehi chie'm 6% td'ng ehi phi cua ddo tao tam dau tU ve giao due chd't lUdng cao, truyen thd'ng. d i u nghien cQu vd phat trien ehUdng
Ben canh do, e-learning eung giup thu trinh quan ly, edng cu giang day trilc hut cae ngudn vd'n dau tU trilc tid'p nQdc tuye'n cua rieng minh. NUS phat trie'n he ngoai vao Xingapo thdng qua chuyen giao thd'ng Mdi trQdng hpe ao tich hdp cdng nghd tQ nhQng n i n kinh te tri thQe (Intergrated Virtual Learning khac. Nhieu cdng ty nQdc ngoai da d i u tQ Environment) - mdt edng eu trilc tuyen manh vao thi trQdng e-learning dang giup giang vien ed the' eung cap nhQng tQ
74 Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A 12/2011
lieu khoa hoc de dAng vA nhanh chdng, sinh vien cd the truy cap mpi mii, mpc luc nhQng dien dAn, nhQng chat-room, nhQng bAi giang audio, video DAy IA mdt hp thd'ng quan ly giAo due manh nhat cua trudng. CO kha nang tifdng t.Ac cao dUdc thiel ke vA xAy dUng Ixii trung tam CIT cua (rudng. NTU cung xAy dUng mol he Ihong e-learning co len edveNTUr(> vdi nuic dau I if 6 trieu dd la Xingapo. Co tdi 90"o cac khoa hpc cua I rifong dUdc nid trilc luydn cho hoc vidn nham hUdng tdi muc lieu ca the hoa (^-learning de tao dUdc mdt moi triHing hoc tap giQa sinh vien vdi giao su' tUdng tAc hdn.
Vai fro cda chinh phd.
Xingapo tu rat sdm da y thQe dQde viec tao ra mdi trUdng thuan ldi v l Qng dung va phat trien e-learning de tao dilu kien cho vide nang eao nang lUe canh t r a n h qud'e gia. Dieu nay dUdc the hien qua viec chfnh phu Xingapo da ban hanh n h i l u ehinh sach va bien phap, ea trilc tiep va gian tie'p, de thue day sU phat trien e- learning, trUde he't la cac chinh sach v l phat trie'n CNTT. Cu thd':
Thile hien muc tieu qud'c gia Id phat trien Xingapo trd thdnh mdt trung tam ke't ndi truyen thdng trong khu vile va phat trien mdt lilc lUdng lao dpng cd sQc eanh tranh toan c l u , giQ vQng da tdng trQdng cao, ehinh phu Xingapo da thdng qua chie'n lupc phat trien n h a n life dUde dao tao ky ndng cao va lilc li dng ehuyen vien mang, theo dd e-learning dUdc xem nhu la mdt chien lUdc then chd't cho sU phat trie'n eon ngUdi tUdng lai d Xingapo.
Nhilu td chQe chinh phu khae nhau nhQ Uy ban Phat trie'n Thdng tin va Truyen thdng Xingapo (IDA) va Bd Lao dpng Xingapo (MOM) dang hdp tae di phat trien cd sd ha t i n g e-learning va thuc day
ddo tao triic tuyen. IDA va MOM eung da khdi dpng chUdng t r i n h Thay dd'i nhan lilc chie'n lUdc (SMCP) di dap Qng nhQng ddi hdi ve nhan lilc cd ky nang cho tang trUdng kinh te cua da't nUdc.
Thang 12/2000, chfnh phu Xingapo da cdng bd' ke' hoaeh 5 nam v l khai thac cac
C ; N T T truyen thong (Infoeomm 21) nhim muc tieu day manh hdn nQa ldi the eanh tranh quoc gia dUa tren nen tang CNTT.
TAm nhin eua Infoeomm 21 11 bien Xingapo trd t h a n h mpt nen kinh te dien tQ thinh vUdng va mdt xa hdi dien tQ mang dac Ifnh truyen thdng.
Thang 7/2002, chinh phu Xingapo da edng khai ke hoach chu dao 5 nam v l CNTT trong giao due I l n thQ 2 (2003- 2007), tap t r u n g chil yeu vao phat trien hoat ddng hpe tap g i n liln CNTT vd sU dung CNTT de cai tie'n va nang cao chat lupng qua trinh va thu tue dao tao.
De nang cao tinh canh t r a n h cua nin kinh te, nam 2005, chinh phu Xingapo da cdng bd' Kd hoach qudc gia thong minh tdi nam 2015 - ke hoach chu dao iN2015.
iN2015 la ke hoach 10 nam vdi muc tieu bien Xingapo t h a n h mdt t h a n h phd' toan c l u , mdt t h a n h phd' vdi sQc manh cua t r u y i n thdng. iN2015 bao gdm hai va'n de ehinh: Thd nhdt, phat trien ed sd ha t i n g truyen thdng qud'c gia the he tid'p theo (Nil). NhQng t h a n h phan cua NII cung n h i m thidt ldp mdt mang khdng day didn rdng qud'c gia phuc vu cho viec ket ndi bdng rdng k h l p mpi ndi b Xingapo. Thd hai, phat trien n h a n lilc truyen thdng. Lp trinh phat trien n h a n lilc truyen thong la mpt khia canh q u a n trpng khac eua ke' hoach iN2015. Theo dd, lp t r i n h p h a t trie'n ngudn nhan lilc tri gia 120 trieu dd la Xingapo (mdt ke' hoach 5 nam) dUdc xay dilng vdi sQ hdp tac, lien ke't giQa chinh
phu va eae ddl tae nganh. Ke' hoach nay gdm 3 ndi dung chinh: (1) Cung cap hpc bdng truyen thdng qud'e gia cua IDA de thu hut nhQng tai nang eua nganh truyen thdng; (2) Hinh t h a n h eau lac bd truyen thdng, nd lUc lien ke't IDA, MOE va nhQng ddl tac nganh vdi quan diem Qng dung va phat trien truyen thdng de giao due tinh than sang tao cua sinh vien; (3) Phat trien eac chQdng trinh khac nhau hd trd lilc lUdng lao ddng nang cao eae ky nang truyen thdng eua hp.
Cd sd ha tang day du vA nhQng chfnh sach thfch bdp cua chfnh phu da thuc day sU tang trUdng eua e-learning tai Xingapo. E-learning dang dong gop cho nen kinh te Xingapo thdng qua nhieu each va ngUdi ta trdng dpi tam nhin dai ban eua ehinh phu se tao dUde eho Xingapo vi the' la hub e-learning eua khu viic chau A - Thai Binh Dudng. Sil tang trUdng tilm nang eua thi trUdng e-learning d Xingapo cho tha'y e-learning gid'ng nhU la edng eu giao due the' he tie'p theo d Xingapo. De tao cho e-learning hieu qua hdn, dang cap cao hdn v l tieu chuan va chd't lUdng phai dupe dam bao, sii sang tao can b l n g giQa cdng nghd va sU p h a m sd Id ehia khda cho thanh cdng cua e-learning d Xingapo.
NhQng ldi Ich e-learning mang lai se giup Xingapo tdi da hda dude nang sua't lao dpng dilu kien ca'p thie't de duy tri td'c dp tang trudng kinh te' cao nhU hien nay.
2. Hien trang ddo tao trUc tuyen tai Viet Nam vd mgt sd ggi y ddi vdi Viet Nam rut ra tit trUdng hdp Xingapo
Khdi qudt hien trgng ddo tgo trUc tuyen tgi Viet Nam
Tai Viet Nam, sQ p h a t trien nhQ vu bao cua cdng nghe thdng tin, theo dd sd' ngQdi sQ dung Internet tang vpt, each lam vide, hpc tap, giai t r i cung t h a y dd'i. Cac chQdng
trinh dao tao trUc tuyen d Viet Nam ed the tim tha'y dUde thdng qua cae kenh: eac trUdng dai hpc trong nUdc, cac chUdng trinh cua nUde ngoai vd cua eae edng ty tii phat trien, tuy nhien da phan deu til phat, manh mun, khdng mang tinh he thd'ng. Bd Giao due va Dao tao cung da ed nhieu ddng thai tich cUc nham khuyen khieh dUa CNTT vao giang day, dUa cac kien thQc ve e-learning tdi nhQng can bd quan ly, nha giao, hpc sinh, sinh vien.
Tuy nhien, e-learning d nUde ta mdi trong giai doan sd khai, sd' lUdng va chat lUdng chUa cao, pham vi va ddl tUdng Qng dung edn ban ehe, dac biet la thieu eac cd sd vat cha't can thiet. Ty le tUdng tae giQa giao vien va hpe vien tren mang cdn tha'p, thieu phUdng phap va dpi ngu can bd giang day. Sd' lUdng cae hpe vien ehUa cd, ehUa bie't sQ dung may vi tinh, mang Internet edn nhieu, day la mdt thile te' khd khan trong qua trinh hpc tap. Tam ly hpe theo phUdng phap truyen thd'ng edn an sau trong ngUdi hpe, ehUa xay dUng dUdc phUdng phap ky nang til hpc.
Trong bdl canh gia nhap WTO va hdi nhap vao n i n kinh te the' gidi ngay cang sau va rdng, giao due Viet Nam c i n phai dd'i mdi nhanh chdng, trong dd ed xay dung he thd'ng ddng bd dio tao triic tuye'n.
Trong dilu kien hien nay, can phai danh gia lai ngan saeh gianh eho nganh giao due (ty trpng, hieu qua sQ dung) dd tang ngan saeh gianh eho cae dil an e-Iearning;
d l ra eae chudng trinh trpng diem qud'e gia, cae dU an n h i m day manh vide trien khai e-Iearning trong toan bd nganh giao due. Ben canh dd, xay diing mdt he thd'ng ed sd ha t i n g ddng bd, hien dai de'n ta't ea eae ed sd giao due tren toan qud'e, trong dd cd cd sd ha tang eho e-Iearning.
Cac Bd, ban, nganh c i n tang cUdng va
76 Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A 12/2011
nang cao chat lUdng phdl hdp vc cAc van de cd lien quan trong cAc dii an e-learn- ing, nhd't la giUa Bd GiAo due vA Dao lao va Bd Thdng tin truyen thdng. Tren c() sd xay difng cAc ke hoach chien I Udc, cac chi lieu cu the. Id trinh thiie hien nham trien khai e-learning trong todn hp he thd'ng giAo due. cAn cd cong thong tin giAo due liuc luyen (juoc gia, ehUdng trinh sAch giao khoa (.lien tvi, ngan hang kien thQc qudc gia trong tQng l)Ac bpc, tiing chuyen ngAnh. tUng mdn hpc tien t((i ed the thi td't nghiep trifc tuyen, thi dai hoc triie tuyen.
CAc cd quan, doanb nghiep tang cUdng xue tien eae ed hdi ddu tif vao cac dQ an giao due, eac dil an tin hpe hda nha trUdng, tin hpc hda cdng tae dao tao, thi cQ. Tich cue thUe hien xa hdi hda cdng tac xay dilng phat trien ha t i n g vien thdng theo hudng hien dai, di t i t ddn d i u vdi cac cdng nghd tan tie'n eua the gidi
Ddl vdi eae ed sd giao due (cac trUdng dai hpe, hpc vien, cac vien nghien cQu, eac trUdng phd thdng) c i n day manh trien khai Qng dung eae he tho'ng quan ly hpc tap tien tie'n tren the gidi: ed the mua Qng dung, thue eae edng ty p h l n m i m phat tridn hodc tu phat trien. Tieh hdp cae he thd'ng quan ly sinh vien, quan ly cac mdn hpe, chuyen nganh, eac tai lieu nghien cQu tren mdt he thd'ng chung, giao vien, sinh vien eung tQdng tae vdi nhau. Nang cao ky ndng sQ dung CNTT trong dpi ngu giang vien, giao vien tai cac trQdng dai hpc, phd thdng. D i y m a n h cdng tac nghien cQu khoa hpc ve Qng dung tin hpc hda cac he thd'ng quan ly trong hoc sinh, sinh vien
Xingapo cd the t h a n h cdng trong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda trong 15- 20 ndm thi Viet Nam phai can mpt thdi gian nhieu hdn the'. Tuy nhien, chung ta hoan toan co the rut n g i n khoang each thdi gian b l n g
each di t i t ddn dau, tie'p can ngay vdi cac cdng nghe mdi, tan tien, hien dai nha't, cac quy trinh, phUdng phap quan ly tdi Uu. E- learning chinh la mpt trong nhQng eanh cQa nhanh nhd't ma Viet Nam c i n phai tan dung. Trong dd vide nang cao nhan thQe, tang cUdng cac phUdng tien thie't bi, xay dilng mdt cbUdng trinh dao tao chuan vdi Sll tham gia tich ciie, ddng bd cua eac Bd, ban ngdnh va ed quan hQu quan, dac biet la ngUdi dan la nhQng vide cdn lam de tao nen mdt cu hich ebo e-learning tai Viet Nam./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Mohammad Iqbal Bashar & HabibuUah Khan (2007): E-Learning in Singapore: A Brief Assessment. Working Paper, No.
003/2007, U2lGlobal-Graduate School For Global Leaders, Xingapo, April 2007.
2. Usha V. Reddi and Sanjaya Mishra (2005):
PERSPECTIVES ON DISTANCE EDU- CATION Educational Media in Asia.
ISBN 1-894975-15-4, Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, 2005.
3. Alex Slow (2004): eLearning Busmess in Singapore, Strategic Relations, Xingapo - International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol. 12.
No.2 (May - August, 2004) pp 138 -141 4. Le Huy Hoang, Le Xuan Quang (2011):
Elearning va Qng dung trong day hpc.
Trudng DH Su pham Ha Npi - 3/2011.
5. Vu Qudc Phong (2010): Nhiing Uu dilm va nhupc diem cua e-learning.
http://bIog.tamtay.vn/.
6. Giao due true tuyen: Bd mdt dong, thu bac ty. http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh- te/32031, ngay 25/07/2011.
7. http://vietnamweek.net 8. http://www.sedb.com
