DDDDNGHIENClhl TRAODdll
LUA CHON G | A I P H A P H 6 TRO
DOANH NGHl£P N H 6 VA VOA VIET NAM Vl/OT QUA KHONG HOANG
Hoang Dinh P h i *O Viet Nam, cdc doanh nghiip nho vd viia (DNNW) chie'm hdn 95% tren tdng sd400.000 doanh nghiip (DN) co ddng ky nop thue tinh din hit 12/2011. Do khung hodng kinh te- tdi chinh todn cdu 2008-2011, ciing vdi nhieu nguyin nhdn khdch quan vd ehu quan, giai doan 2011-2012 cd khodng 200.000 DN dd phdi ddng kogt dgng, gidi the hay phd sdn. Nhieu nghiin cdu, hoi thdo, diin ddn dang de cap tdi viic phdi "tap trung sdc mgnh qud'c gia di 'cdu' doanh nghiip Viet Nam". NhUng nin cdu nhiing DN ndo, theo tiiu chi ndo vd cdu bang cdch ndo lgi Id bdi todn chUa co ldi gidi. Trong khudn khd bdi viit ndy tdc gid tap trung gidi thiiu mgt sd'cd sd ly luan co liin quan tdi viic lUa chgn gidi phdp hd trd cdc DNNW vUgt qua khung hodng vd phdt trien ben vUng.
1. C a c h t i e p c a n
TH t h a n g 2/2012 den thang 4/2012 tr§n n h i i u d i l n d a n trao ddi v^" thiic trang va giai phap ho trd doanh nghiep vifdt qua khung hoang, cac chuyen gia kinh te da gianh k h a nhieu thcfi gian d^ luan ban ve cac chinh sach h6 trd cho DN trong do co chu yeu la cac D N N W vUdt qua giai doan kho k h a n hien n a y de ton tai va tiep tuc phat trien.
Chuyen gia ngan h a n g tiep c^n theo each tinh toan chi phi d i u vao va chi phi dau r a cua ngan hang, doanh nghidp va diia r a n h a n dinh cd b a n rkng ty su^'t I d n h u a n t r e n von chu s3 hflu cua ngan hang trong n a m 2010-2011 cl mde t r u n g binh, vi vay de vUdt qua kho k h a n thi cac DN c i n phai chu dpng tinh toan lai chien lUdc, khong the chb ngan h a n g giam lai cho vay. Cac chuyen gia thu§' cho r a n g du co ha miic t h u e nhu n h a p ' Hoang Dinh Phi, Tien si, Chu nhiem Bp mon Quan tri Cong nghg, D?ii hoc Kinh te, DHQGHN.
DN xuo'ng thi trong giai doan Men nay da so' cac D N N W cung khong c6 lai de nop thue;
dii dia de Nha nii6c ho trd cac DN khong co nhieu, do do, cac DN can phai xem xet va di^u chinh cac chi§'n liicic cua minh. Hiep hoi D N N W Vigt Nam de nghi Nha nifdc s6m ban h a n h cac chinh sach gian thue, m i l n giam thue, ha lai su§!t cho vay va cho r^ng cac ngan hang thiidng mai can tie't giam chi phi hoat dong va giam lai cho vay do'i vdi D N N W . Nhigu chu DN thi lo iSng vi chu trUdng cat giam dau tif cong, chi phi lai vay cao, thi triicfng bat dong san dong bang, nhu c i u trong midc va xu^t k h ^ u suy giam...
dang lam suy ye'u k h a nang canh t r a n h vd'n da ye'u kem cua cac D N N W .
TrU6c tinh hinh kho khan cua cac DNNW^, dai dien Bo Tai chinh n h a n dinh riing muon tim r a giai phap hflu hieu thi c i n thie't phai co cd sd khoa hoc de danh gia mot each khach quan cac dieu ki§n va tiSu chi h6 trd cho DN.
Day la vli'n de vo cung kho, song co the co ldi
Stf48(7->-(l/2D12) QUAN LY KrNH TE |
iroi
NGHIEN CUU TRAO OOr LLfA CHON GlAl PHAP H 6 TRO...giai ng'u cac bgn ciing thong nha't mot so quan digm v^ cung stt dung mot so' c6ng cu de xac dinh cac tieu chi cd ban ma mot D N N W phai dap ting tnidc khi n h a n dtigc sU hS tri? th ngan sach Nha nudc.
2. Q u a n d i e m vi Itfi i c h q u o c g i a Trong lich sii kinh te the' gidi, IVIy la quo'c gia da thuc hign ra't nhig'u cac eu6c giai ciiu (rescue) hay ctiu tn? (bailout) vdi gia tri hang tram ty d6 la cho cac DN nhil: ho trg nganh c6ng nghiep 6 to cu6i 1970 d i u 1980; nganh hang khong nSm 2001; tig'p tuc ctiu trd cho GM, Ford, Fannie va Freddie... trong giai doan khiing hoang 2008-2010. Cho dg'n nay, van con nhieu tranh lu^n ve" ly do va higu qua ciia cac goi ciiu trd nay. Song ve thdc cha't cac gdi Cliu trg nay dugc thUc hign chu ye'u thong qua bien phap tai chmh vdi hinh thiic chi'nh phu cho vay von hoac ca'p vd'n cho DN khd khan thong qua he thd'ng ngan hang va thi trudng chiing khoan. Muc dich chinh la hS trg cac DN chu lilc trong mgt so nganh kinh te' quan trgng, cd thiJOng hieu hang tram nam, gan vdi lich su[ va van hoa My, cd nang lUc cong nghe nd'i troi va kha nang canh tranh quoc te, CO tac dgng quan trgng t ^ viec dam bao vigc lam vdi s6' lugng ldn va ddng gdp ldn cho ngan sach. Cau chuyen cliu trg cho DN cua My da giiip cho cac chu DN, chinh phu, ngUdi lao dgng va ta't ca cac ben hen quan dg'u cd lgi d cac miic dd khac nhau.
Tudng t u n h u muc tigu ctiu trg DN d cac nudc khac n h a u t r e n the' gidi, khi dugc giiip dd hay hd trg trong cac trudng hgp kh^n cS'p thi cac DN va chu DN cua VN se cd lgi, cd thgm dgng liic va nguon lUc de vugt qua kho khan, ton tai va tiep tuc t a n dung cd hdi mdi de p h a t trien; cac doanh n h a n hay cac co dong ldn chi phd'i q u y i n sd hiiu cac D N N W cd cd hgi bao toan vdn va tig'p tuc quan tri cong ty; ngUdi lao dgng tie'p tuc cd vigc iam;
n h a nudc ti^p tuc t h u dugc cac khoan phi va thue; n i n k i n h tS" tiep tuc t a n g trudng linh hoat va dugc kgt noi tot hgn thdng qua sS"
lugng ldn cac D N N W ; an ninh va t r a t tii xa hgi dugc dam bao... N^u cd h a n g trigu ngudi tha't nghigp cdng vdi h a n g trieu t h a n h nien d i n tudi lao ddng thieu vigc lam thi ca xa hgi va n i n kinh te se rdi vao viing ciic ky nguy h i i m . NhU vay, ben canh ly do giiip cac chu DN va D N N W t i n tai va phat triln vi lgi nhuftn thi vigc Nha nudc ho trd DN trong cac trudng hgp kha'n ca'p theo cac tigu chl ro r a n g cdn m a n g lai nhieu lgi ich quan trgng khac cho Chinh phu, ngUdi dan, ngudi tigu dung va ca n i n kinh t l . Va'n d l quan trgng tig'p theo v i n la lam sao xay dung dugc bg tieu chi cung quy trinh hd trg cho cac D N N W cho phli hgp vdi luat phap Vigt Nam, mang lai lgi ich thiet thuc cho cgng dong va n h a n dan, khdng trai vdi cac quy dinh cila WTO va d a m bao tinh cdng bang, minh bach, hieu qua va hieu liic ciia cac chinh sach lien quan. N h u vay, c i n phai thong nha't q u a n diem vi lgi ich qudc gia khi ban h a n h va thiic thi cac chinh sach va giai p h a p hS trg cac D N N W trong giai do?n hien nay, bdi vi khi thuc hien mgt giai phap ho trg nao dd dii la t n i c t i l p hay gian tilp thi ngan sach N h a nUdc ciing phai chi ra hoac giam t h u mgt sd'tien nha't dinh.
3 . C a c t i e u c h i ctf b a n m a D N N W c a n p h a i d a p xing
(1) Ld DN thuoc nhom cdc DNNW hoat dong trong Unh vuc can dilac Uu tien hd tra
Dieu kign d i u tien la mdt DN cd nhd hay c3 viia dang gap khd k h a n do khung hoang muon dugc hudng chinh sach hd trg cd srl dung n g a n sach n h a nUdc thi c i n phai dap d n g dUdc cac tieu chi p h a n loai DN theo Nghi dinh so 56/2009/ND-CP (ngay 30/6/2009).
I QUAN Lt KINH TE S f 48 (7+8/2012)
Lift CHON GlAl PHAP H 6 TRO... NGHItN CUU TRAO nil V^U^
B a n g 1; P h a n l o a i D N N W Clia V i e t N a m
K h u v\ic I. Nong, l^m nghiep va thuy san
II. Cong nghiep va xay diing III. ThUdng mai va dich vu
D N s i e u n h o So' l a o d o n g
10 ngiidi trS xuo'ng 10 ngifcfi tr6
xuo'ng 10 ngiiOi trd
xuo'ng
D o a n h n g h i e p n h o T o n g
n g u o n v o n 20 ty dong trcl xuo'ng 20 ty dong trd xuo'ng 10 ty dong trd xuo'ng
So' l a o d o n g tii tren 10
den 200 tii tren 10
de'n 200 til tren 10
de'n 50
D o a n h n g h i e p vUa T o n g
n g u o n v o n til Lrf'n 20 de'n 100 ty
dong tLif tren 20 de'n 100 ty
dong ta tren 10
de'n 50 ty dong
So' lao d o n g tit tren 200 de'n 300 ttr tren 200 de'n
300 tii tren 50
de'n 100 Nguon: Nghi dinh so 56/2009/ND-CP ng6y 30/6/2009.
Xac dinh difdc cac tieu chi Uu tien ho trd 1^ mgt viec lam tUdng d6'i phiic tap va doi hdi cac n h a hoach dinh va thUc thi chinh sach h6 trd phai thUc sU cong tam. Bdi vi, tren thiic te mot so' chinh sach ho trd tai chinh cua Nha nU6c da hi ldi dung va nhieu DN khong du tieu chu^n da moc n5'i de
"dUdc h5 trd". Theo Bang 1 thi nhom 1 la cac D N N W hoat dong san xuat va kinh doanh trong linh vUc nong, lam nghiep va thuy san. Day la nhom dUdc Uu tien nha't trong ta't ca cac chinh sach p h a t trien cua Nha nUdc vi CO lien q u a n trUc tiep t6i ddi song van hoa va tinh t h ^ n cua hdn 80% dan so Viet Nam - nhiing nong d a n dang sinh song trong k h u vUc nong nghiep va. nong thon.
Trong nhom 2 la cac DN cong nghiep va xay dung thi cac DN xay dUng va kinh doanh ba't dong san thuoc nhom khong Uu tien, vi da so cac DN nay chay theo n h u c^u thi trudng va ldi n h u a n , tU quye't dinh d i u tU, vay tdi 60-70% von ngan hang cho cac dii an, diing n h i i u don bay tai chinh, d i u cd dat dai... chii ye'u tim kie'm sieu ldi n h u a n . Cac DN t h a m gia san xuA't vSt lieu xay diing hang da't nung, k h a i thac tai nguyen g6-da't- da-cat-sdi... it nhieu gay 6 n h i i m moi trUdng ciing kho c6 t h e thuoc dien Uu tien h6 trd.
Trong nhdm 3 la cac DN thUdng mai vk dich vu thi c^n Uu tien cac DN phan ph6'i cua Viet Nam dang kinh doanh ban buon va ban le cac san ph^m cho nganh nong, lam nghiep va thuy san. Cac DN, cac sieu thi chuyen kinh doanh hang nhap khau, hang dien tt( tieu diing... kho co the dUdc nam trong nhom Uu tien h6 trd.
(2) Ld DN ddn tgc do doanh nlidn ddn tdc ldm chu sd hdu vd chi phdi
Viec ciiu trd hay hS trd cac D N N W ve ban cha't thUc sU la viec hd trd cac chii doanh nghiep nhd va vUa. Ne'u cac chu doanh nghiep va D N N W nay h6i du cac tieu chi va thuc sU gap kh6 k h a n do khiing hoang thi can thie't phai ciiu trd va ho trd mot each co hieu qua va hieu lUc. Va'n de la tieu chi gi va ai co quyen thong qua cac tieu chi nay ciing cac dieu kien ho trd? Mot so' to chUc va n h a nghien cUu da de c^p tdi cac tieu chi cd ban cua mot n h a doanh n h a n dan toe, vi du n h u doanh n h a n tre dUdi 40 tuoi dUdc trao giai thudng "Sao Dd" phai dap Ung cac tieu chi cd ban nhU: mang quoc tich Viet Nam, c6 long yeu nUdc, trung t h a n h vdi to quoc, c6 n a n g lUc quan tri kinh doanh, cha'p h a n h tot phap luat, gUdng mhx, san
S6'48 (7+8/2012) QUAN LY KINH T E B
i r o i MBHI6N Cliu TRAO D(il LUA CHON GIAI PHAP H 6 TRO...
ph^m/dich vu co k h a nang canh tranh, doanh t h u tot, c6 ldi n h u a n kha, tao dU^c nhieu viec lam cho ngUdi lao ddng, c6 ddng gdp cho cong tac tU thien n h a n d^o, thiic hien td't trach nhiSm xa h6i, trach nhi^m bao ve mdi trudng...
Gia sii Nha nUdc, cu the la Bg Ke ho^ch va Bin t u (KH-DT) va Bo Tai chinh la'y bo tieu chi doanh n h a n tre "Sao Dd" iam bd tieu chi d^ xac dinh, danh gia nhu cdu va ho trd mgt doanh n h a n d a n tgc dang lam chu mgt doanh nghidp dan tgc cd vUa thi dicu gi se xay ra ne'u nhU sau khi dUdc cUu tr(3 doanh nhan nay lai b a n toan bg so' co p h i n chi phdi cua minh cho mgt vai doanh nhSn nUdc ngoai hoac t h a n h ISp mdi mot doanh nghiep d nUdc ngoai iam cong ty me, chi phoi vo'n, cdng nghe, hay thUdng hieu va thi p h i n cua cong ty con d trong nUdc? Neu DN nay dang sd hUu he thd'ng cong nghe va thUdng hieu cd a n h hudng tdi hang van ngUdi nong dan trdng trot va cdng n h a n che' bie'n nong san thi N h a nUdc se phai lam gi de hao ve hay la'y lai so' t i l n ngan sach da bd r a d^ giiip dd va ciiu trd cho doanh n h a n va doanh nghiep n a y trong k h u n g hoang?
Quyen ldi ludn di k e m vdi nghia vu va trach nhiem p h a p ly. Gia SL(, Nha nUdc c6 chinh sach khoanh nd va m i l n giam 100%
thue' t h u n h a p DN trong 5 n a m 2011-2015 cho cac D N N W trong cac nganh kinh te' quan trong da dUdc xac dinh, dap iing du cac b6 tieu chl nao dd, thi chac chSn phai yeu c i u cac chu DN dUdc ho trd lam mdt ban cam ket cd cong chiing xac dinh mfic d6 duy tri DN, duy tri san xua't, dam bao viec lam cho ngUdi lao dSng sau k h u n g hoang, khong cd q u y i n chuyen nhudng cong nghe, thUdng hieu h a y toan bg co' p h i n va b a n lai doanh nghiep cho ben thii 3 trong vdng 10 n a m sau khi dUdc cfiu trd n e u khong dUdc mot cd quan cd t h ^ m q u y i n cho phdp.
(3) Ld DNcd khd ndng cgnh tranh tU mde d0 trung binh trd lin
Trong t h a n g 4/2012, khi thdng bao ha t r i n lai xua't huy dgng vdn xud'ng 12% mot nSm nh^m giiip cac ngSn h a n g t a n g thanh khoan, tfing tin d u n g cho DNVN vay, NgSn h a n g N h a nU6c Vi?t N a m c6 yeu c i u cac ngfin h a n g thUdng mai ndi chung tang cho vay ddi vdi cac DN san xufi't va xuSft kh^u, dong thdi md tin d u n g cd d i l u ki$n cho cdc DN kinh doanh ba't ddng san, chiing khoan... Dieu ki0n dUdc vay vo'n tin dung la cac DN Vigt Nam dang gfip khd khan tam thdi do khiing hoang, do n h u c i u thi trUdng suy giam, nhUng v i n cd t r i l n vgng phat trien. Vdi cac d i l u kien khuyen nghi chung chung n h u t h i nay thi kh6 cd ngan hang nao cd the t u xay dUng mot bd tieu chi danh gia DN de cho vay Uu dai, va chac chan cung cd rfi't it cac D N N W cd th^ tU chUng minh du d i l u kien de dUdc vay Uu dai. ThS^ nao Ifi kho khfin t a m thdi? Thl^ nao la cd tri^n vgng p h a t trien?
Mot DN mudn tdn tai va p h a t trien phai nhd vao chinh n6i lUc cua DN, tiic la kha nfing canh t r a n h cOia DN. Vdi vai trd xung kich t r e n mfit tr|tn kinh te, k h a nang canh t r a n h cua cac doanh nghiep va san ph^m dang giO mdt vai trd vo cung quan trgng, quye't dinh n h i i u nhdm chi s6' danh gia kha nfing canh t r a n h cua qu6'c gia. Da la mot DN thi cho du Ifi DN nhd hay viia ciing cin phai c6 k h a n a n g canh t r a n h d mdt miJc dS nfio dd phli hdp vdi muc tieu ldi n h u l n m&
DN theo duoi trong mgt khoang thdi gian nha't dinh va trong moi tUdng quan so sanh vdi cac DN cung loai khac. Thufit ngii "nang luc canh t r a n h " h a y "kha n a n g canh tranh"
cua DN dUdc sxi d u n g tUdng ddi rdng rai, nhUng cho den n a y da so' cac n h a quan tri va n h a DN vhn chUa thd'ng nha't diing khai niem nao va n6i h a m nao d l d a n h gia kha
D QUAN ly KINH T^ sa'48 (7+8/2012)
LLTA CHON GIAI PHAP H 6 TRO... NGHlfeH CIJ^ TRAP Bfll l O T ]
nfing canh t r a n h cua DN. Kha n a n g canh t r a n h cua mgt doanh nghiep Ifi m6t mUc do mfi d d6, trong cac d i l u kien cua thi trUdng tii do va cdng bang, DN c6 du cac nSng lUc c i n thiet de san xua't r a nhiing san p h i m va dich vu vdi n a n g sua't cao, cha't lU(?ng cao, gia ca canh t r a n h , dap iing dU0c cac thti thach cua thi trUdng va n h u c i u khach hang, trong khi v i n p h a t t r i l n dugc thi p h i n va gia t a n g dUdc ldi n h u a n (Hoang Dinh Phi (2011).
Khi b a n v l tieu chi ho trd tai chinh cho cac D N N W Viet Nam trong giai do^n khiing hoang hien nay, n h i i u luat gia va n h a kinh te' c6 d l xua't phai tien h a n h theo doi, thong ke, d a n h gia "siic khde" ciia DN.
Day la mgt cdng viec vd ciing khd k h a n ne'u khdng mud'n ndi la khdng t h i . Ne'u chi theo doi va tong hdp cac thdng tin do DN bao cao len cho cac cd q u a n tho'ng ke ca'p quan huyen thi rfi't kho xac dinh dUdc tinh hinh siic khde cua DN, vi thUc te' c6 chuc nghin DN lap r a khong nhfim muc dich san xua't kinh doanh, cd n h i i u DN ke k h a i "lai that, 16 gia"... Chinh vi vay, c i n thiet phai sii dung k h a i niem va ngi h a m k h a nang canh t r a n h doanh nghiep lam thUdc do cd b a n nh§it va quan trgng nh§Ct de d a n h gia "siic khde" ciia mot DN d bat ky thdi diem nao va trong mdi tUdng q u a n so s a n h vdi b^t ky DN nao. va'n d l la ai se d a n h gia ai? Cac DN tu danh gia k h a nfing canh t r a n h cua minh de tim each tai cfi'u t n i c h a y p h a t trien chien lUdc. N h a d i u t u d a n h gia k h a nang canh t r a n h cua DN de r a quyet dinh mua cd phieu. Cac n g a n h a n g d a n h gia k h a nfing canh t r a n h cua DN d l cho vay hieu qua hdn.
Cac cd quan n h a nUdc cd t h i m q u y i n danh gia k h a nang canh t r a n h ciia DN de ap dung cac chinh sach hd trd mgt each cd hieu lUc.
Cd quan t h u e d a n h gia k h a nang canh t r a n h cua DN de xem xdt mien giam t h u l . . .
H i n h l . T h a p k h a n a n g c a n h t r a n h d o a n h n g h i e p
Hinh thap k h a nang canh t r a n h c6 4 phan, xac dinh 4 nhdm yeu to n6i hfim c i u t h a n h k h a nfing canh t r a n h cua DN. Hinh thap nfiy mang mgt thong diep mdi la k h a nang canh t r a n h cua DN c i n dUdc xay dUng va p h a t t r i l n tiing bUdc vflng chic tii n i n mdng la cac nh6m nang lUc hay cac ngudn liic c i n thie't phai cd theo n h u c i u san xua't va kinh doanh cac san p h a m hay cac nhdm san p h a m cu t h e cua DN nhU: nfing lUc cdng nghe, nang lUc tfii chinh, nang lUc ngudn n h a n lUc ... Kha nang canh t r a n h cu.a mdt DN CO ca hoat dong san xua't va kinh doanh cd mgt sd' diem khac biet so vdi mgt DN thUdng m^i hay chuyen lam dich vu t h u m u a vk xuS't k h i u hang hda. Dua vao Hinh 1, cd the dung cac tieu chi phu de danh gia k h a nang canh t r a n h cua cac DN thUdng mai thed cac nhdm ngfinh cu the. Tuy nhidn bai viet nay chu ye'u d l cap tdi kha nfing canh t r a n h cua cac D N N W dang t h a m gia san xua't trong cac nganh cdng nghiep va g^p khd k h a n do khiing hoang. Bang 2 sau day tong hdp 15 y l u to* cd ban de danh gia k h a n a n g canh t r a n h cua mgt D N N W hoat dgng trong linh vUc san xua't.
SO'48 (7+8/2012) QUAN LY KINH TE |
I I I 3 3 NCHIlN Cdu TRAO oA LUA CHON GIAI PHAP H 6 TRO...
Bang 2; Danh gia chung ve kha nang canh tranh cila doanh nghiep
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
cAc Y^u TO c a BAN Ndng lu'c quan trj c&ng ty NSng lye cfing ngh$
NSng lij'ctdi chinh Ndng li^rc ngudn nhSn li^c
NSng lye vSn h6a NSng suSt Ch4t lu'Q'ng sSn phSm/d|ch vij
Gid bdn san phSm NhSn hi§u san phJim da ddng ky
Thj ph^n Irong nu'6'C Th| phan xu^t khdu Uy tin thu'cng hi$u Doanh thu hang nSm Lp'i nhudn sau thu^ h^ng ndm
So thue npp hang ndm
DI^M: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10
Ngudn: Hoang De CO t h i danh gia chinh xac ttfng y l u td' cd ban hay tieu chi cd b a n trong bang 2 thi c i n phai tiep tuc xay d u n g cac bo tieu chi phu theo tiing nganh cdng nghiep va d i l u nay ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian va td'n kdm tien bac. Tuy nhien. Bang 2 c6 t h i dUdc SL( dung de xac dinh n h a n h xem mdt D N N W cd k h a nfing canh t r a n h d mClc do t r u n g binh hay khdng. Mac dii ta't ca cac tieu chi deu quan trgng, nhUng ddi vdi cac DN dang gap kh6 khfin do k h u n g hoang, h a n g ton kho, thua Id... thi cac tieu chi cd ban tir 1-9 la cd sd quan trgng dd d a n h gia k h a nang canh t r a n h toi thieu cua mgt DN. Ne'u mdt DN cd cac tieu chi cd b a n tii so' 1 den sd' 9 dUdc danh gia d miic do du6i t r u n g binh thi r^t khd cd the t i l p tuc p h a t trien n i u dUdc ho trd v l tai chinh. Mgt D N N W dii cd n h i i u
Dinh Phi, 2008,
vdn, lao ddng, dfi't dai, nhUng cong nghe lac hau, q u a n tri cong ty khdng minh bach, san p h i m khong cd n h a n hidu dUdc dang ky, san p h i m Ifim r a c6 cha't lUdng thfip, gia thanh cao... thi khdng the t h i c^nh t r a n h dugc vdi cac DN khac t r e n ciing mdt san chdi. NhU vgy, mdt DN nhd h a y vvta mudn dUdc hudng cac chinh sach hd trd tai chinh cua Nha nUdc thi it nha't p h a i cd k h a nang canh t r a n h tU miic do t r u n g binh trd len.
4. M o t s o t h a c h thijfc m a c a c D N N W V i e t N a m d a n g p h a i do'i d i e n
Ne'u td'ng hqtp cac d l tfii nghidn ciiu va cac bao cao d a n h gia t r o n g 10 nfim trd l^i dfiy t h i cd t h e di tdi mdt nhfin dinh chung la da sd' cac D N N W d i u cd k h a n a n g canh t r a n h yeu va t r u n g b i n h . Ra't i t san p h i m
D QUAN Lf KINH T I Sd'48(7+8/2012)
Lt/A CHON GlAl PHAP H 6 TRO... NGHIEN Cli^ TBAO DPI f^^jjl^
cd thUdng h i e u Viet chie'm linh dUdc t h i khong theo kip yeu c i u san xua't hfing hda t r u d n g ngi dia va t h i trUdng xua't k h i u . Da cho ngi dia va xua't k h i u . Trong Bang 3, sd' cac san p h i m xufi't k h i u vfin la h a n g k h a nfing cginh t r a n h yeu kem ciia da so"
gia cdng, sd chd' va p h u thugc n h i i u vao cd cac D N N W cua VN t r a i dfii qua 11 diem che Uu dai, tai n g u y e n thien nhien va yeu tit n a n g luc q u a n tri cdng ty den tfii n h a n cdng gia r e . Cdng nghiep hd trql vfi chinh, n h a n liic, cong nghd, chfi't lUdng, cac dich vu hd trd p h a t trien qua chfim thUdng hieu, ldi n h u a n .
B a n g 3 : T h a c l i thdfc - D i e m m a n h - D i e m ye'u
1.
1 2 3 4 II.
1 2 3 4 III.
1 2 3 4
THACH THLTC D 6 | VOI DNNW VN GIAI DOAN 2012-2020 M6i trvfrng quAcU
Thay dii v^ d^u tu' & thu'cng m^i qu6c l4 Sijc 6p c^nh tranh tir DN qu&c l4, da quAc gia Khoang 90% ddng thu4 NK Asean v^ 0% vdo 2015 Nhu c4u khdch hdng qu6c l^ thay d6i Mdi trirong trong nird'c
Chinh sdch tdi chinh - ti^n t$ thdt chdt, thdn trpng Th4 ch4, hg l^ng, ngu6n nhdn lij'c hgn ch4 Cfing nghi$p h i trg' vd djch vy h6 trp yeu Chi phi khOng chinh thCPc Moi tnivng hogt d$ng cOa DN Dpc quyin ngdnh Lp'i Ich nhfim Cgnh tranh khong idnh mgnh Hi^p hfii ngdnh nghi ylu
DI£M MANH COADAS6DNNWVN 1 Tinh th^n ldp nghidp cao 2. Khai thdc tdi nguydn 3. Quan h$
DlfeM Y 6 U CUA0AS6DNNWVN 1. Ndng Ivc qudn tri cfing ty 2 Ndng ii/c cfing ngh$
3 Ndng iifc tdi chinh 4, Ndng i^/c ngu6n nhdn iyc 5 Hpp tdc I3N cung ngdnh 6 Ndng suit thip 7. ChSt lu'gng khfing An dinh 8. Gid bdn khfi cgnh (ranh 9. Thi ph^n nhfi 10. Thu'ong hieuylu 11 Lp'i nhugn thap
Ngudn; Tac gia nghien cUu va tong hdp Tren cd sd Bang 2 va Bang 3, neu lam
mdt hang liet ke va d a n h gia sd bd cac ye'u to' ca'u t h a n h k h a nfing canh t r a n h ciia D N N W theo cac chi sd^ chinh vfi cac chi sd' phu thi cd t h i tha'y k i t qua sd bg la da so' cac D N N W cua VN d l cd k h a n a n g canh t r a n h yeu vfi t r u n g binh. D i l u nfiy da dUdc chflng minh qua n h i i u bd cd sd dii lidu cflng, dfl
lieu m i m cung cac nghien cflu va danh gia cua chuyen gia.
Thed Bad cao thUdng nien doanh nghidp Viet N a m cdng bd' ngay 14/3/2012 thi k h a n a n g canh t r a n h chung cua DNVN d i u d mfle y l u va t r u n g binh. Trong nam 2011 Viet N a m cd 79.014 doanh nghiep giai the.
Tuy nhien, neu t i n h ca cac D N N W khdng
8^48(7+8/2012) QUAN LY KINH T £ D
ITOil
NGHIEN CUU TRAO C Ll/A CHON GlAl PHAP H 6 TRQ...cd k h a n a n g tie'p tuc kinh doanh thi con so' thUc te se ldn hdn rfi't n h i i u . N i u nhU d i u n a m 2011, nhflng doanh nghidp trong linh viic xay dung, bfi't ddng san g$p khd k h a n do thi trudng ddng bang, thi d i n d i u nfim 2012 h i u nhu da s6' cac DN thudc mgi nganh, n g h i deu dflng trUdc nguy h i i m vi sfle mua yeu, hfing tdn kho tang, chi phi tfing d i u vao tfing...
Theo Bao cao Canh t r a n h Cdng nghidp Viet Nam 2011 ciia Bd Cdng ThUdng vfi To chflc P h a t t r i l n Cong nghidp Lien Hi^p Qud'c thi tuy duy tri dUgc mdt ty 1$ xua't khau td't nhUng da so' cac mat hang xua't k h i u ciia Viet Nam v i n phu thudc vao ngudn tai nguydn thien nhien vfi lao ddng gia re. Nhieu chuyen gia trong nUdc va qudc te cho rfing neu khdng t h a y doi dUdc cd ca'u kinh te, dac biet la cd ca'u cac nganh kinh te cdng nghidp, khdng tU phat trien dUa cac nfing lUc cdng nghe cung cdng nghe tidn tien thi Viet Nam vfin se phai nhfip sieu va k h a nang canh t r a n h cua DN vfi ca quoc gia khd c6 t h i n a n g cao dUdc. Theo bao cao thi mfic du Viet N a m c6 sU thfing tien v l xep h a n g canh t r a n h cong nghiep, tfl bfic 72 len bfic 58 trong giai doan 2005-2009, nhUng nhin tdng the v i n tut h a u vfi dflng sau eac nUdc trong khu viic. Viet N a m v i n chfla cd su dich chuyin dang ke trong nhflng ngfinh sfl dung cdng nghe tien tilii va cong nghe cao de tao r a cac san p h i m cd thfldng hieu va cd gia tri gia tfing cao theo mfiu hinh pho bien trong khu VUc ASEAN, dfic biet la cac nudc nhU Xingapo, Thai Lan, Malaixia, Inddnexia...
5. Lijfa c h o n g i a i p h a p tiJf h a i p h i a - D o a n h n g h i e p v a N h a ni^dc
Dflng trUdc 12 thach thflc cd ban trong
Bang 3 thi c h l e chfln cac chu D N N W phai tinh toan lai cudc chdi kinh doanh Ifiu dai, tfle la p h a i chu d^ng ho^ch dinh vfi thUc thi mgt c h i i n lUi^c p h a t t r i l n b i n vflng, bdi vi suy cho cung, q u y i t dinh t h a m gia san x u i t kinh doanh chu yd'u phuc vu cho muc dich tim k i l m l^i n h u ^ n cua nhfi doanh nghiep.
Nha nUdc va cu the Ifi cac n h a ho^ch dinh chfnh sach cung cd t h i t h a m khao Bang 2, Bang 3 va Bang 4 d l t h a y d^i t u duy vfi each Ifim chfnh s i c h hd tre? D N N W .
Cac n h a ho^ch dinh chinh sach dang di c^p n h i i u tdi nhdm giai phap ho tr^ v l tai chinh cho D N N W , bao gdm: yeu c i u cac ngan hfing thUdng mai giam Iai vay, gian ng, gia h a n nd...; m i l n giam mdt so'ddng t h u l k l ca thue VAT va thud' t h u n h a p DN; tiep tuc cho vay vdi Ifii xufi't Uu dai ddi vdi cac DN san xufi't va xua't k h i u . . . Day la mdt viec Ifim cin thiet va m a n g lai hieu qua cho cac D N N W ndu dUdc thUc thi mgt each nghiem tuc trdn cd sd cac tieu chi khoa hoc, trong dd cd cac tieu chi n h u da t n n h bfiy v l dia vi phap ly cua mdt DN dan tdc vfi k h a n a n g canh tranh tdi thieu cua DN. Tuy nhien, tift ca cac giai phap tinh the' d i u mang tinh ngfin han vfi ngudn lUc tfii chi'nh ciia qudc gia bao gid cung cd gidi han. Het k h u n g hoang nay, DN se phai tiep tuc doi di$n vdi cac khd k h a n va cac cudc khiing hoang ldn nhd khac. \ ^ vfiy, ben c^nh cac giai p h a p n g l n h^n, Nha nUdc va cgng ddng DN c i n phai tinh toan va lUa chgn cac giai phap m a n g tfnh t r u n g h a n va dai h^n dd hd trd D N N W trong vide xay diing cac nfing lUc c i n thii't, nang cao k h a nfing canh tranh, s i n sfing ddi dien vdi khd khan vfi pha'n da'u vi cac muc tieu p h a t t r i l n b i n vflng.
E Q QUAN Lt KINH TE S0'48(7->-8/2012)
LLfA CHON GIAI PHAP H 6 TRO
umtH ciiii iRAn nfl'i ^ ^ T l
B a n g 4: LUa c h o n v a thvfc t h i g i a i p h a p
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Diem ye'u Nang lye quan trj cong ty Ndng iiTc c6ng nghe Ndng lye tai chinh Ndng life nguon nhan lye Hdp tac DN cung nganh Ndnq suat thap Chat lifdnq khonq on dmh Gia ban kho canh tranh Thi phan nho Thuung hieu yeu Ldi nhuan thap
Giai phap cd ban cija chu DNNW Viet Nam Ty hoc, thue ngu'di tai Mua, tiep thu, hoe, sang tao...
50% von dau tJ Tuy^n dung, dai ngo, dao tao Vdn h6a Win-win Chid'n luWc san xud't phu hdp La chil conq nqhe Quan trj va dieu hanh Chien Udc va ky ndnq marketing Xdy dung, bao v6, phat trien Quy trinh quan tn
Giai phap ho trd cd ban cua nha nifdc Viet Nam Ddo tao miln phf theo ehuan dau vao va chuan dau ra...
Ho trd 100% R&D, dif an KH-CN do DN chi^ tri.
Bao lanh de NH cho vay 50%; midn, giam Ihue TNDN xuonq 10%;
H6 trd dao tao theo cae tieu ehi danh gia, cam kei thu'c thi eCia doanh nqhiep...
Cd ch^ hiep hdi cSp chung nhan dO dilu kien tham qia uu ddi...
Ho trd dao tao va chuyen qiao c6nq nqhe...
Kiem dinh miln phi; chuyen qiao conq nqhe...
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Thonq tin, xuc tiln thUdnq mai, trien lam Ho trd 100% phi ddng k^; quang cao; mua sdm c6nq...
Miln qiam thue c6 dieu kien Ngudn: Tac gia nghien cflu vk tong hdp.
Bang 4 thfl nghiem mdt each tid'p can tfl hai phia trong viec tim k i l m cac giai phap ho trd va p h a t trien D N N W . TrUdc cac thach thflc va diem yeu, mdt sd giai phap cap bach h a y n h d m giai phap t h a m khao trong Bang 4 cd t h i dUdc luan bfin, van dung va thiic thi tuy theo tflng d i l u kien va hoan canh thflc te cua DN trong cac ngfinh n g h i va tai cac dia phUdng khac nhau. Cac chinh sach can tfip t r u n g vfio viec tao d i l u kidn thuc d i y vfi hd trd D N N W xay dUng va p h a t trien k h a nfing canh t r a n h . Cac y l u to' vfi chi so cfi'u t h a n h k h a nang canh t r a n h c i n dUdc can nhfic vfi t i n h toan trUdc khi ban h a n h bfi't ky mdt chinh sach ho trd nfio cd sfl dung ngan sach Nhfi nUdc. Sau dfiy Ifi mdt sd d l xufi't v l giai p h a p hd tr^ cho cac D N N W Viet N a m trong ca n g l n han, t r u n g hgin va dfii han.
1. Day mgnh tuyin truyen vd to chUc ddo tgo miin phi vi cdc ky ndng qudn tri cko cdc chu DN vd nhd qudn tri cdc cdp cua DNNW Viet Nam
Vdi nfing lUc q u a n t r i y l u kdm, thi du cd cam k i t cao d i n mify, cac chu DN vfi cac D N N W ciing khdng t h e dam bao rfing cac
khoan Uu dai hay hd trd cua Nhfi nUdc v l m a t bang, thue', c h u y i n giao cdng nghd, xuc t i l n thUdng mai... se dUdc sfl dung mdt each hi$u qua va hieu liic cho viec xay dung va phat trien cac n a n g lUc va k h a nang canh t r a n h ciia doanh nghiep. D i l u kien d i u tidn cua mdt n h a doanh nghidp dan tgc la phai c6 nang luc vfi t i n h yeu vdi t l quoc. Vi vfiy, cac cd quan vfi cac hiep hgi c6 trach nhidm d i y m a n h tuyen truyen d l cic chu DN hidn tai va tUdng lai se khdi nghiep va phat tridn DN hieu r a n g c i n phai hoc va tu hgc d l cd dUdc cac ky n a n g cd b a n trUdc khi lam kinh doanh. D i l u nfiy khdng cd gi dang xfi'u ho khi cac chu D N N W co hang chuc nam kinh nghiem cua Xingapo v i n thUdng xuyen dUdc Chinh phu keu ggi, thuc dp va tai trd cho viec quay trd lai cac trUdng d^i hoc d l t h a m gia cac khoa dao tao n g l n h ^ n v l ky nang quan tri kinh doanh. N h i i u doanh nhfin qud'c tl" da c6 bfing tien sy khoa hgc cac ngfinh khac, nhUng v i n di hgc thac sy quan tri kinh doanh hay cac ldp ky nang phat t r i l n doanh nghidp d l t h a n h cdng hdn trdn thUdng trfldng.
Nha nfldc can hd trd dao tao dung each va
sa'48 17+8/2012) QUAN LY KINH TE Q I
|'jJi'il;lMGHl£HCl](UTRAOBiil Ll/A CHON GlAl PHAP H 6 TRp...
yeu c i u dflng n g u d i d i hgc. Cac nhfi quan tri mud'n di hgc phai dap flng mdt so' tieu chf cd ban va td't nha't Ifi c6 gidi thigu cua hi^p h^i nganh nghe ndi m l DN la thfinh vidn. Cdc nha DN da t h a m gia dao tao hay tfl hgc vfi tfl thi la'y chflng chi ciia cfic cd sd dfio tao cd uy tin qud'c gia mdi c6 du d i l u ki$n d i u tidn d l dUdc xdt cflu trd va hd trd tfl tien ngfin sach n h a nUdc. Cac trUdng dai hgc vfi cd sd dUdc cfi'p chflng nh|in k i l m dinh cha't lUdng qud'c gia, mdi dii d i l u kidn dUdc n h a n tien hd trd tfl ngan sach d l chi cho vide dfio tao hay td chflc thi k i l m tra ca'p chflng chi cho cac nha doanh nghidp.
2. Nhd nUdc cdn tdi hogch dinh ngudn lUc vd cdc chien litdc phdt triin kinh ti'bSn vttng de giup cho DNVN vd cdc DNNW cd cd sd dinh hudng lgi ckiin Iddc ddu tU, sdn xud't vd kinh doank phii hgp
Tfl trUdc dd'n nay, Vidt Nam da ban h a n h rat n h i i u chfnh sach, quy hoach vfi chien lUdc phat trien cac nganh kinh td' quan trgng tfl mia dudng, tdi xi mang, d to, sfit thep, cd khi, ddt may, day da, che' bie'n thiic p h i m . . . nhUng mfle do thiic hien khdng dfldc nhu mong ddi so vdi muc tieu b a n d i u . Quy hoach phat trien cdng nghidp ho trd dd'n n a m 2000- 2010 vfi t i m nhin tdi 2020 la mgt vi du tham khao td't vi neu dUdc thUc hidn t h a n h cdng thi hang nghin D N N W VN c6 the c6 cd hdi phat tridn b i n vflng. Tuy nhien, do cd do chfim trd trong qua trinh cac bd nganh hoach dinh, ban h a n h va giam sat thUc thi cac ke hoach h a n h dgng lien quan, ma cho tdi nay da so' cac nganh cdng nghiep ho trd cho cac nganh cdng nghidp mui nhon cua Vidt Nam deu dang d trong tinh trang yd'u kdm. Da dd'n luc Viet Nam c i n phai c6 cac chinh sach cu the va cac ehiln Ifldc k h a thi d l phat trien cac nganh kinh td' quan trgng nhfim tao r a san chdi ldn hdn va giup dinh hUdng d i u tfl va hudng phat trien b i n vflng cho cac DNVN dac bidt la cac D N N W . Neu khong dUdc dinh hudng diing d i n , n h i i u D N N W se tiep
tuc ma't m a t vi cd t h i bi rdi vao eac "biy"
phong trao do luat chdi k h i c nghiet tren thUdng trudng t^o ra. Vi du nhU; vide d i u tfl theo dudi cfic D N N N ldn; d i u tU san x u i t v | t tu, nguyen li$u, iam gia cdng cho cac DNNN n h u xfiy dUng ba't dgng san, thuy san, ndng san... d l rdi khi cung vfldt xa c i u cac D N N W rdi v^o k h u n g hoang, thua id vfi pha san h a n g loat do hfing hda iam r a tdn dgng, n(? cu thi khdng ddi dUdc, vay mdi thi khdng cdn tai san thichfi'p...
3. H6 trd cdc DNNW tUng bUdc xdy dUng vd ndng cao nang lUc cdng nghi
N i u khdng cd cdng nghd tidn t i l n , khdng Ifim chu dfldc cdng nghd, khdng biet dd'i mdi vfi sang tao cdng nghd, khdng biet quan tri cdng nghe... thi c h i c c h i n cac D N N W se tha't bai trong cugc dua canh t r a n h ke ca khi dugc hudng cac Uu dai toi da v l d i t dai, t h u l vfi tai chfnh.
Cung vdi "Luat chuydn giao cdng nghe",
"Lufit cdng nghd cao"... t r e n cac phUdng tien thdng tin dai chung hai tfl "cdng nghd" dfldc nhfic di n h l c lai rfi't nhieu, nhflng giai phap Ifim thd' nfio dd hidu, de quan tri vfi phat tridn dfldc cac cdng nghd va nfing Iflc cdng nghe c i n thid't Ifim nen t a n g cho DN canh t r a n h b i n vflng thi khd tim thfi!y dfldc. Dieu nay dat r a nhu c i u ca'p thie't phai tien hanh tuyen t r u y i n va dao tao n h a n h cho cac nha quan tri DNVN v l cac kien thflc va ky nang cd ban d l cd the thUc hien td't cdng tac quan tri cdng nghe vfi dd'i mdi cdng nghd. Cdng viec nfiy chii ye'u thudc t h i m q u y i n vfi nhiem vu cua Bg KH-CN, cac bo hdn quan, cac sd KH- CN cac tinh thanh,VCCI, cac hiep hgi nganh nghi, cac trudng dai hoc, cao d i n g . . .
Trong 20 nfim qua, n h i i u chinh sach da dfldc b a n h a n h de thiic d i y cac DNVN doi mdi cdng nghe nhflng kd't qua thiic t l vfin cdn q u a thfi'p so vdi muc tieu b a n d i u . Sfl thfi't bai trong vide thUc thi ehie'n lUdc phat tridn cdng nghiep d td, cdng nghiep cd khi.
I S QUAN Lt KINH T I Sdi 48 (7+8/2012)
LLTA CHON GlAl PHAP HdTRp... NGHIEN Cim TBAO Dfli I T O T l
cdng nghidp phu trd... trong thdi gian vfla qua cho tha'y c i n phai r u t kinh nghidm vfi tfip t r u n g thUc hien n h a n h vfi quye't liet cac chinh sach va giai p h a p dong bd thi mdi c6 the t h a n h cdng. Mac du ngudn lUc tfii chfnh cua qud'c gia cd han, nhUng vide d i u t u khoang 0,5% GDP hay 2% td'ng chi ngfin sach h a n g n a m cho cac chUdng trinh khoa hgc - cdng nghd (KH-CN) cung khdng phai la con sd' nhd. Mdt p h i n nhd ciia sd' tien khoang 500 trieu do la My nay ndn dugc chi tap trung d l hd trd cdng tac dao tao nguIn nhan Iflc quan tri cdng nghe cho DN, nhflng ngfldi se tie'p tuc s a n g tao trong vi^c huy dgng cac ngudn lUc va sfl dung cac ho trd cua Chinh phu d l n h a p k h i u t h i i t ke'cd ban quyin, trien khai cac d l tai R&D tai DN, tim k i l m va sii dung cac b a n quyin dfi hd't ban bao hd, tid'n hfinh thfl nghidm san p h i m mdi... Neu nhfi quan tri cdng khdng cd ky nang quan tri khoa hgc vfi cdng nghd cfi'p nhfi nUdc vfi n h a quan tri D N N W khdng van dung cac quy t r i n h quan tri cdng nghd mdt each bai ban, thi c h i c c h i n hidu qua sfl dung ngudn vd'n ngan sach khoang 500 trieu do la My h a n g n a m cho cac chUdng trinh KH-CN se hi h a n c h l .
4. Hd trd cdc DNNW xdy dUng vd ndng cao ndng lUc tdi ckinh
Vide xay d u n g vfi n a n g cao nang lUc tai chinh la vide Ifim kh6 khfin doi vdi ta't ca cac DN ldn vfi nhd.. Ben canh vd'n tu cd cung so kien thflc vfi ky nfing dUdc hgc qua cac ldp dfio tao thi cac n h a q u a n tri D N N W ra't c i n Nha nfldc cd chinh sach tai chinh va t h u l Uu dai lau dai theo cac cam k i t va tidu chi hd trd chat che. Hidn nay, mac du Nha nUdc cd n h i i u chfnh sach Uu dai va hd trd D N N W nhu vide Ifip quy bad l a n h tin dung, yeu cau cac ngan h a n g thUdng mai n h a nUdc nhU Agribank tfing cfldng cho D N N W vay vdn phuc vu san xufi't vfi k i n h doanh, nhUng tren thflc t l , cac chu D N N W rfi't khd t i l p cfin dUdc cac ngudn vd'n n a y vi ra't n h i i u ly do.
Vi vay, ne'u Bo KH-DT vfi Bd Tfii chinh cd the thd'ng nhfi't dUdc mdt bd tidu chi cd ban ve cflu trd vfi hd trd de Ifim cd sd cho D N N W vfi cac ngan hang thfldng mai nha nfldc thuc hidn thi se tao r a mot hfinh lang phap ly minh bach hdn, giup giam bdt cac n h u n g nhieu hien nay tfl phia ngfin hfing va cac cd quan thUc hien chinh sach.
Trong giai doan kho khfin vfi cfi'p bach hien nay, Chinh phu khdng thd bdm thdm t i l n vfio cac DN VN dang dm yd'u va c6 kha nfing canh t r a n h qua yeu. Phai cd tieu chi phan loai, d a n h gia vfi d i l u kien cflu trd hay ho tr(? theo dung dia chi. Neu mdt so doanh n h a n dan tdc Ifim chu cac D N N W dang gap khd khfin do k h u n g hoang, dap flng du cac tidu chi ve doanh n h a n vfi cd kha nang canh t r a n h d mfle do t r e n t r u n g binh, cd cdng nghe va thUdng hidu hay n h a n hieu hang hda da dUdc bao hg, c6 thi p h i n nhfi't dinh tai mgt dia phUdng hay mdt vung... thi cac DN nay c i n phai dUdc Nha nUdc bao lanh eho khoanh nd va mien giam ta't ca cac loai thue' trong khoang 3-5 nfim d l cd the tid'p tuc khdi phuc san xua't, gifl viec Ifim cho ngUdi lao dgng vfi tie'p tuc gin gifl cac san p h a m dac trflng vfi thUdng hieu vung m i l n hay thUdng hieu qud'c gia, t r a n h tuyet doi viec cac n h a n hieu vfi thUdng hieu c6 hfing chuc n a m p h a t trien v l tay eac DN nUdc ngoai. Ben canh d6, Chinh phii nen cd chinh sach hd trd 100% phi dang ky n h a n hidu, 100% chi phi p h a n tich va k i l m dinh chfi't lUdng san pham, 100% chi phi chuyen giao bi quye't cdng nghd tfl cac vidn nghien cflu va trudng dai hgc Vidt Nam cho cac D N N W . . .
5. Cdc chd DNNW cdn chu ddng lUa chgn vd thUc tki cdc gidi phdp cd bdn de vUgt qua khung hodng vd phdt triin theo hudng kit hdp ddu tU gdn vdi phdt triin ndng lUc cdng nghi vd tdi sdn tri tui di co the duy tri khd ndng cgnh tranh bin vUng
Mac du cdn nhieu h a n c h l v l nang lUc do
Sd 48 (7+8/2012) QUAN LY KINH Tf { Q
l O T i l MGHIEN ClJftJ TRAO BOI LL;A CHON GlAl P H A P H 6 TRO...
d i l u kidn khdi nghiep, do thid'u flu dai, chfla dUdc ddi xfl cdng b i n g . . . nhflng cac D N N W cua Viet Nam v i n dang p h a t trien vfi chfic c h i n se ddng vai trd vd cung quan trong trong n i n kinh td'cua Vi0t Nam trong t r u n g h a n va dai han. Chfnh vi v$y, trong khi t r a n h thu tim kid'm cfic ngudn lUc nhU cfic DNNN dang khai thdc, thi chu DN tim h i l u v l quan tri chid'n Iflgc vfi quan tri cdng nghd, tim each hgc hdi vfi tflng budc vfin dung cac quy trinh quan tri cdng nghd S^^ vdi dd'i mdi vfi sang tao cdng ngh^ d l dam bao DN cd mdt tUdng lai b i n vflng bfing cac san p h i m cd thfldng hi^u dia phfldng, thUdng hi^u vflng hay thUdng hi^u qud'c gia dflgc p h i t tridn vfi dd'i mdi lidn tuc tren n i n t a n g cac nfing luc cdng nghe.
Cac chu D N N W c i n chu ddng van dung cac quy trinh va cdng cu quan tri kinh doanh de lUa chgn va thUc thi cac giai p h a p phu hdp giup DN vUdt qua khiing hoang vfi tid'n tdi phat trien b i n vflng. D N N W cung can dac bidt chu tdi cac giai phap nang cao nfing lUc cdng nghe vfi qua do Ifi p h a t t r i l n cae yd'u to ca'u t h a n h k h a nfing canh t r a n h n h u dfi p h a n tich vfi gidi thidu qua Bang 2
6. K e t l u a n v a k h u y e n n g h i
Trong khudn khd mgt bfii viet nghidn cflu, cac k h a i nidm, ngi hfim, tieu chf, bang bieu va so' lidu minh hoa chUa the dap flng dfldc nhu c i u vfin dung vao vide ban hfinh vfi thflc thi cac chinh sach hd trd D N N W . Nha nudc va cu t h i Ifi Bg KH-DT, Bd Tai chfnh h a y cac cd q u a n lien quan c i n t h i i t phai dat h a n g c i c trudng dai hgc ldn hay vidn nghidn cflu dgc Ifip d l cac nhfi khoa hgc va chuyen gia nghien cflu xfiy dflng cac bd tieu chi p h u hdp cho muc tieu ap dung va mfle do ap dung trong tong t h i chid'n lUdc cflu trd va hd trd D N N W . Nen t r a n h vide giao cho cac ddn vi trflc thugc cac Bg n g a n h hay cac cd quan q u a n ly cd lien quan bien
soan vi r^t de cd t h i hi ap dfit cac tieu chi chu quan, cflng n h l c , t h i l u cd sd khoa hgc, t h i l u thflc t l va khd vfin dung. Cac D N N W Vidt N a m c h i c c h i n cdn phai ddi di§n vdi nhieu cugc khiing hoang ldn nhd khac. Vi v$y, bdn c^nh cac chinh sach ho trd D N N W , N h a nUdc c i n d i u tU cho vl$c nghidn cflu vfi xay dflng c i c bd tidu chf danh gia n a n g lUc, d a n h gia k h a n a n g canh tranh, tidu e h u l n va d i l u ki^n d l hd trd cac D N N W khi cd khiing hoang, quy trinh thflc hi0n, quy t r i n h d i n h gia kl^t qua thflc hidn, k h e n thfldng vfi ky lu§t... Chi phi cho vide nghidn cflu vfi xay dflng cac bd tieu chi khdng ldn, nhflng hidu q u a vfin dung se r i t ldn vfi cd vai trd vd cung quan trgng giup tid't kiem thdi gian vfi chi phi cho cac cd quan n h a nfldc, d a m bao tinh cdng bfing va hieu qua khi thflc hien vfi q u a n trgng hdn la tao r a n h i i u cd hdi p h a t t r i l n b i n vflng cho cac D N N W .
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Bg Cdng Thfldng vfi To' chflc P h a t t r i l n Cdng nghiep Lidn Hidp Qudc (UNIDO), Bdo edo cgnh tranh cong nghiep Viet Nam 2011, cdng bd' 12/2011.
Bg Cdng ThUdng vfi Dfl an hd trd thfldng mai da bien (Mutrap HI), Hpi thdo dank gid tdc ddng cua hgi nhdp kinh tequoc te ddi vdi kinh te vd thUdng mgi Viet Nam - Khuye'n nghi chinh sdch thUc hien Ckiin lUdc xudt nhdp khdu hdng hda thdi ky 2011-2020, dinh hudng din 2030, Hk Ngi 10/4/2012.
Hoang Dinh P h i (2011), Qudn tri cong nghi, N h a xua't b a n Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ngi.
Phdng Thfldng m a i vfi Cdng nghidp Vidt Nam, Bdo cao thudng nien doanh ngkiip Viet Nam 2011, c6ng ho 3/2012.
I Q QUAN LY KINH TE S6'48 (7+8/2012)
