• Nghien
CLPU- Ky thuat
B6 sung loai hoang thao Quang Tay (Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm.) cho he thuc vat Viet Nam
Nguyen Hoang Tuan'*, Do Thj Ha^
'Bp mon Duac lieu, Truang Dai hpc Duac Hd Npi -Vien Duac lieu 'E-mail: tuandl50(a^yahop.com Summary
The 'Hoang tiiao Quang Tay" (Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm.) collected in Ha Giang province (north Vietiiam) was morphological investigated to offer record to the flora of Vietiiam. D. scoriarum distinguishes from its closest relatives D. flexicaule, D. officinale by the stem cylindric, flower color whitish to yellowish, column margin entire, middle part w'ltii purple sfxits, upper part with purple hairs and anther cap purple. Morphological descriptions and illustrations were provided along with notes on distribution, ecology, phenology and consen/ation of tiie sf)eeies.
Keywords: Dendrobium scoriamm W. V/. Sm., morphological characters new record, Hoang thao Quang Tay, Vietnam.
Oat van de
Hoang thao {Dendrobium Svifartz) la mpt treng nhung chi Ian nhit cua hp Lan (Orchidaceae).
Theo A. Takhtajan (1966) chi Hoang thae tren t h i gioi CO khoang 1400 loai, chu y i u phan b i 6' luc dia Dong Nam A va cae dao thupc Philippin, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Dong Bae Ustralia '^ *'. O Viet Nam hien biit 101 Ipal va 1 thir, phan b i ehii yeu a viing nui suit tip Bac vae Nam va a tren mpt so dao ven bien nuoc ta. Cae dai dien ciia chi Hoang thao ehii yiu sing phu sinh tren than hoac cac canh cay 6' treng rtrng heac tren eae hie mun tren da, thuang 6' noi am, thuang mpc a dp eae 500-1500 m SP vol muc nuac bien, nhung co khi gap chung mpc 6 dp cae 200 m hoac tai 2000 m '^i.
Than phoi kh6 ciia cac loai thupc ehi {Dendrobium Swartz) trpng Dpng y thuang gpi la vj thuie hcang thap dung d i chtra sit nong, kh5 co, birt rirt, kem an, giam thj luc {Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Dendrobium gratiosissimum Rchb.f., Dendrobium cmmenatum Sw.) ra, hay co tac dung ching oxy hoa, ho trg diiu tri khii u {Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo) '^.
Trong dgt diiu tra cay thuic 6' Ha Giang, phat hien cay heang thao Quang Tay {Dendrobium scoriamm W. W. Sm.). Hpang thae Quang Tay duge W. W. Smith c5ng b i diu tien nam 1921.
Din nam 2000 Averyanpv, L. V. c6ng b i Ipal mai Dendrobium mitriferum Averyanovi^' nhung thuc ra no vin la Dendrobium scoriamm W. W. Sm. Nam 2007 Viet Nam xuit ban Thuc vat chi Viet Nam"Pi trong do co leal ngpe van Cao Bing {Dendrobium m'ltiiferum Averyanov) djeh va cap nhap ttr tai lieu H, nhung thuc ra no v i n la Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm. nen gay ra su nhim lin day tnjyin.
Chinh vi vay he thuc vat Viet Nam chua co chinh thu'c loai hoang thae Quang Tay {Dendrobium scoriamm W. W. Sm.). Bai bae nay ghi nhan phan b i ciia loai hoang thao Quang Tay {Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm.) a Viet Nam, qua do b i sung them 1 loai thupc chi Dendrobium Swartz che he thuc vat Viet Nam.
Nguyen lieu va phuxyng phap nghien ciru Nguyen lieu nghien CLPU
Hoang thao Quang Tay dugc thu hai thang 10 nam 2015 tai Ha Giang, co dii hea, qua, Miu duge luu tai Bp m5n thuc vat - Truang Dai hpc Dugc Ha Npi.
Phan tich va chup anh cay, hea bang may anh ky thuat s i Niken D300s, raynex 250.
Phu'ang phap nghien CIFU
Nghien ciru dac diim hinh thai cua miu nghien ciru tai thuc dia va treng phOng thi nghiem theo phuang phap treng tai lieu'''.
Xac djnh ten khea hpc bing phuang phap so sanh hinh thai, dii ehiiu dae diim hinh thai vai khoa phan loai thuc vat, cac bp thue vat ehi va dii ehiiu vai cac miu ciia phong Tieu ban Thuc vat - Vien Thue vat Komarov, Hpe vien Khea hpe Nga va tra ciru tai lieu vol cac khoa phan Ipai.
K i t qua nghien CLPU Oac (Jiem hinh thai thipc vat
Than manh, hinh tru, dai tai 70 cm, ducyng kinh 2-3 mm, hai khuc khuyu, dee, eo 4-10 la mpc 6' phin tren ciia than, phin khong co la a phia duoi bao bai cac be la, long dai 1-4 em. La dai, dai 4-5 cm, rpng 1-1,2 cm, mong, xip hai day, hinh biu due
TAP CHI DUOC HOC - 4/2016 (SO 480 N . 4 M 56) 75
Nghien
CIPU- Ky thuat
thuon din hinh mae, dinh tti lech. Cum hea phat trien tren suit phin tren eua than, mii cum eo 2-3 hoa, dai khoang 2 cm vol la bae nho dang vay hinh tru'ng rpng, mau xanh, kich thuac 3 x 8 mm. Hea no' rpng, mau vang-trang nhat vol cac vach mau hing tuai, kh6ng co huang tham, duang kinh 2-2,5 cm. Cuing hea ngan va biu dai 2-2,5 mm, duong kinh biu kheang 1 mm, co 3 noan. La dai giO'a hinh trirng hep, gic rpng ra, dai 12-14 mm, rpng khoang 4,5-5 mm, dinh hai tti. La dai ben hinh trirng, rpng ra p" gic, eo 5 gan, dai 12-14 mm, rpng 9-10 mm, dinh nhpn. Canh hea hinh mac r5ng hoac biu due thuon, dinh nhpn, kit ciu rit mong, dai 12-15 mm, rpng 3,5-5 mm. Canh m5i co I6ng mjn a mat tren, dai 9-11 mm, rpng 6-7 mm, hinh tim, CO phin gic hep eo khap vol phan dinh eua chan cpt, ccng manh, ehia thanh hai phan re ret la phin dual rpng va phin tren hep ban, m6i 3 thuy, l i ec duang cong nho nhu eua, nira tren m6i mau do, nira dual mau vang, thiiy ben eong theo
duang tron, kich thuac 4 mm. Cpt nhj-nhuy ngan, dai khpang 8 mm, mau vang toi, eo cac cham mau tia a phan gie phia truac; chan cpt dai ban cpt, dai 10-12 mm, cong manh v i phia dinh, mau vang toi vol eae chim mau tia, phii ISng min. Nap bao phan nh6 cao, mau tia-tim d i n hea ca, dinh chia 2 thuy, kich thuac 5 x 2-2,5 mm. Khii phan 2, moi khoi phin CO khia chay dpe, kich thuac 0,5-0,7 x 1 mm.
Qua hinh tram, kich thuo'e 3,5 x 1 cm, mau xanh CO 6 ga chay dpc, cuing qua dai bang nCra qua, qua bo ngang hinh 6 canh, ben trong co rat nhieu hat phin, hat phin rit nho nau vang nau.
Cong thiic hoa:
t ^
K3C3 A2.1 O (.Sinh thai: Cay no' hoa thang 11-12. Cay phu sinh, trong ru'ng nguyen sinh thuo'ng xanh hay nira rung la tren suan nui da voi, 6' dp cap 1300- 1500 m.
Phan bo: tinh Ha Giang.
Hinh 1: Anh ehijp mdt sd dac diim hinh thai eiia eay hoang thao Quang Tay
Ghi chii: A: Tdng the cay mang hoa; B: Hoa nhin tir mat tarac; C: hoa nhin ngang; D: hoa nhin tir mat sau; E: Cot nhl-nhiiy nhin thing va ngang: F'- biu va mat cit biu; G: Cac bo phan ciia cay hoang thao Quang Tay; H: bao phan mat tmuc va mat sau; I: Khoi phin;
J: Trang moi nhin ngang, mat trum va mat sau; K: Qua cit ngang; L: la bic
76 TAP CHI Dl/OC HOC - 4/2016 (SO 480 NAM 56)
• Nghien
CIPU- Ky thuat
Ban luan
Bang 1 : So sanh dae diim hinh thai thue vat ciia miu nghien ciru vdi cac loai gan gui thudc chi Dendrobium Swartz Dac diem Mau nghien ciru D. scoriarum
W.W.Sm. I"
D. flexicaule Z.H.Tsi,S.C.Sun&L.G.Xu"i
D. ofTicinale Kimura
& Migo I"
Than Hinh tru Hinh tru Hinh tru, manh nnai va cong vong
len Hinh tru
Mau s i c hoa Mau trang den vang
Mau xanh la cay den mau vang, Mau trang den vang phan tren hm nhuom mau nhat
mau tfa
Mau xanh la cay den mau vang
Mau sac khoi cimg canh Vang mo/
Vang Vang Vang
Mau sac cpt Co cac cham mau tia a Co cac cham mau tia 6'
nhi lep phan goc phia tRfoc phan goc phia tor oc Co mau tim a ben ngoai phia duoi Co vet tim dai phia tren cot nhj lep
Chan cot nhj- nhuy
Phan giO'a co nhu'ng dom Phan giCfa co nhiing mau tim, phan tren co d6m mau tim, phin tren long mau tim co long mau tim
Co 2 cham tron mau tim, phii thua
thcrt long nirt doi, phan tren co long Toan bp co dai tim dai mau tim
Sao phan Nho cao, mau tia, dinh chia 2 thuy
Nho cao, mau tia-tim din hoa ca, dinh chia 2 thiiy
Hinh thoi, mau kem, phia du'O'i co rang khong deu, phia dinh chia thuy sau
Hinh elip hep, hinh tning- tam giac, hoac hinh tning - hinh non, mau kem, gan nhu nhin, gam nhon va dinh chia thuy sau
Qua phan tich cae dae d i i m hinh thai m i u cay hoang thao Quang Tay thu d u g c (hinh 1);
kit hgp vol viec tra ciru cac tai lieu khoa phan loai thupc chi Dendrobium Swartz, can cip vae cac tai lieu '^^•'^i. So sanh mau tieu ban thuc vat voi mau tieu ban t h u c vat CBL 1278, HN, A A U , MO, P eiia Phong Tieu ban T h u c vat - Vien Thuc vat Komarov, Hpc vien Khpa hpe Nga;
Ket qua sp sanh dae diem vai Icai D. scoriarum W. W. Sm. w (eo s u t u o n g d i n g va trimg khop cac bp phan sinh truang va sinh san eiia m i u nghien ciru (bang 1)), va 2 Ipai g i n nhat D.
flexicaule Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Sun & L. G. Xu w, D.
officinale Kimura & MIgp w (ec s u khac biet re rang giO'a cae bp phan sinh truang va sinh san vol m i u nghien ciru) the hien trang bang 1, da k i t luan m i u hpang thap Quang Tay thu hai tai Ha Giang cc ten khoa hpe la Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm.; thupc hp Lan (Orchidaceae). Ten d i n g nghTa: Dendrobium guangxiense S. J. Cheng &
C. Z. Tang; D. mitriferum Averyanov (2000).
Cho toi nay ehua co tai lieu nae a Viet Nam cong b i m6 ta va c6ng b i loai D. scoriarum W. W. Sm.. Tai lieu Thue vat ehi Viet Nam ^ t h i n g ke 101 loai thupc chi Dendrobium Swartz, treng do CO loai D. mitriferum Aver, thue ra n6 chinh la D. scoriarum W. W. Sm., de cap nhap tip bai bae cua Averyanov nam 2000 P' c6ng b i leai mai
6 Viet Nam. Chinh vi vay bai bao nay da thong n h i t D. mitriferum Aver, la ten d i n g nghTa ciia leai Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm.. va k i i n nghj b i sung leai D. scoriarum W. W. Sm. ehe thue vat chi Viet Nam eung n h u he thue vat Viet Nam.
Lai cam a n : De bean thanh cOng trinh nay, chung t6i xin chan thanh cam a n anh Nguyen H i n g Phong - Vien irng dung cong nghe, Bp KHCN, Thanh p h i Ha Npi, da giup chiing t6i thu thap mau treng qua trinh d i i u tra eay t h u i e .
Ket luan
K i t qua nghien ciru da bo sung ehe he thuc vat Viet Nam mpt Ipai hpang thap mai Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm. Leal dae trung bo'i than hinh tru, mau sac hoa trang d i n vang, cpt nhj-nhuy mau vang co cac cham mau tia a p h i n g i e phia truac, phan gitra chan cpt nhj lep co nhu'ng d i m mau tim, phan tren co long mau tim, bae p h i n nho eao, mau tia, dinh chia 2 thuy. Leal Dendrobium scoriarum W. W. Sm. phan b i 6' Ha Giang. Hien chua co nghien ciru v i leai hoang thao Quang Tay, de vay e i n nghien ciru v i thanh p h i n hoa hpc, tae dung d u g e ly, gia tri sir dung cung n h u kha nang nhan t r i n g .
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