NGHIEN CLFU - TRAO Otl
^/ciai phong phu nui - diem sang cua chu nghia nhan van Hd Chi Minh
• ThS LE TH! THUY BJNH l-loc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyen
- ThS DOAN MANH HUNG Hoc vien Chinh tn khu vi/c I
Tu hidng nh4t quan xuyen sudt trong cupc ddi hoat ddng each mgng cua Chii tich Hd CM Minh la 1 nham giai phdng con ngudi va ra siic tranh dau de ddi Igi nhiing quyen tMeng heng ciia con ngydi.
Trong do, Ngudi dgc biet quan tam den nMem vu giai phdng phu nii va dSu tranh bao ve quy6n bmh d5ng cho hp. Day cung chinh la mot trong nhung npi dung ca ban the Men tinh nhan van cao ca liong tu tudng Hd CM Minh dupe cac tac gia bai viet tap liung phan tich va luan giai.
1. Ho Chi Minh tu rat sdm da nhan ra va danh gia cao vi tri, vai tro cua phu nu trong su nghifp each mang cua dat nu^c, cua dan tdc
La mpt lue lupng xa hdi cMem hon mpt niia nhan loai, phy nii giii mdt vi tri het siic Idn lao ddi vdi lich sir tien hda cua xa hpi loai ngudi Giai phdng phu nii la yeu cau ciia lich sit va la van de cd tinh thdi dai phan anh sy Igc hgu hay tign bd cua mdt xa hpi. Chii tich Hd CM Minh khang dinh: "Ai da biet lich sii tM bigt rang mudn sita sang xa hdi ma Ididng cd phy nii giup vao, tM chac khdng lam ndi. Xem tu tudng va viec lam cua dan ba con gai, tM bidt xa hdi tien bd ra the nao"<" va: "Dang each menh phai lam sao dgy cho dan ba nau an ciing biet lam viec nude, nhu the each menh mdi gpi la thanh cdng"'^'.
Chii tich Hd CM Minh ludn quan tam va danh gia cao vi tri vai trd ciia ngudi phu nii trong tien trinh phat trien cua lich su dan tpc Viet Nam. Ngudi nhan mgnh: "Non sdng gam vdc Viet Nam do phu nir ta, tre ciing nhu gia, ra siic det then ma th8m tdt dep, rue ro"(^). Va Ngudi cdn khang dinh: "Dan ba con gai cung nam trong nhan dan. Ngu ea dan tpc dupc ty do, ducmg nhien hp eiing duoc ty do. Ngupc lgi neu
dan tdc cdn trong canh nd le tM hp va eon eai hp ciing se sdng trong canh nd le do thdi''^.
Su quan tam cua Hd CM Mmh ddi vdi phu nii dupe the Men d mpi phuang dien trong mpi liiih vuc ciia ddi sdng xa hpi. Trong sau tham tam kham ciia Ngudi, Ngudi danh sy quan tam den mpi ddi tupng, tJing Idp va tii do hudng muc tieu giai phdng cho hp tir tre em gai dgn cac eu phu lao, tir chi em d thanh thi dgn chi em d ndng ihdn... cho dii la ai, lam cong viec gi ciing dgu tim thay su se cMa, thau cam sau sae vdi minh. Hd Chi Minh de cao diic hy smh cua hp, dm each thiic tinh va tgo dieu kien de phu nu dupe giai phdng, tham gia each mgng vdi tu each la mdt nira quan tipng cua thg gidi. Ngudi ndi: "Ndi phu nii la ndi phan nua xa hpi. Ngu khdng giai phdng phu nii tM khdng giai phdng mdt nira loai ngudi. Neu khdng giai phdng phy nii la xay dyng chu ngMa xa hpi cM mdt nua"<^>.
Trong Bai ndi tgi Hpi nghi phu nii lao ddng tien tign va cMgn sT tM dua toan thanh phd Ha Ndi ISn thii hai (nam 1960), Hd CM Minh da ngoi khen va kh&ig dinh ro han ve vai trd cua chi em phy nii ddi vdi mpi thdi ky each mang, Ngudi vilt: "Thdi ky bi mat,
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Chii tich Ho Chi Minh vol dai bieu nir cac dan tdc du- Dai hgi Phiji nir toan quoc lan thii 2 (1956)
Anh: tu lieu nMgu chi em da giae ngp, tham gia hoat dpng each mgng r4t dung cam, mac dku mudn ngan nguy Mgm, gian khd. Rat nMeu chi em khac ciing da bao ve each mgng rat gan gdc... Ngay nay, dat nudc ta hoa binh Cd hoa bbih vi da cd bao nMeu guang dau tranh, hy sinh anh diing cua toan dan ta, toan Dang ta, trong do cd phu nii ta"''^'. Va Ngudi di dgn khang dinh: 'Tir tmdc d6n nay phu nO Vi8t Nam ta da cd nMeu ddng gdp cho each mang, phu nii ta rat dang kinh, phu nir ta cd rat nMgu tign bp"'''. Trong khang cMen chdng giac ngoai xam, phu nir da diing cam eung vdi chdng, eon, eha anh minh dau tranh chdng lgi ke thu. Trong lao ddng san xuat hp ciing chu toan mpi cdng viec tir cham lo gia dmh dgn tham gia cdng tac xa hdi.
Tin tudng vao kha nang to Ion eiia phy nu, thau Meu, ddng vien khuyen khieh lap thdi, Hd CM Minh cdn nhgn thay d phu nii Viet Nam cd rat nMgu uu diem han han nam gidi nhu: it mSc te tham d, lang pM, khdng hay che chen, it hdng hach, menh lenh nhu mdt sd can bp nam. Digu nay xudt phat hi dae digm tam ly, diic tinh tdt dep ciia phu nu la cin than, chu dao, tiet kiem trong tigu diing, gan gyi va hoa minh vdi phdng trao quan chimg.
Nhu vgy, Hd Chi Minh da xac dinh ddi vdi gia dinh va xa hdi, phu nii la mdt luc lupng to Idn, giu vi tri rat quan ypng hong su ngMep bao ve, xay dung
To qude, tong sy ngMep edng ngMep hoa xa hdi chu nghia. Ngudi dat nigm tin dgc biet ddi vdi dpi ngu can bO nii va mong mudn dudi sy lanh dao eua Dang va eac td chiic doan thg hp se cilng vdi nam gidi xay dung chu ngMa xa hdi dianh cdng, dua dat nudc phat trien phdn vinh, hanh phiic.
2. Quan di^m Ho Chi Minh ve giai phdng ph^
nir daqrc the hien & nhirng noi dung cu the, ro rang va ham chira trong dd la ca mpt tinh than nhan van het sire cao ca, xuc dong
Tu tudng Hd CM Minh vg giai phdng phu nii thirc chit la huy ddng phu nii tham gia vao su nghiep xay dyng va bao ve Td qude, phat trien kinh te, van hoa, xa hdi, tgo ra nhigu co hpi cho phu nu vucm len, that sy binh dang vdi nam gidi. Cd the khai quat tu hidng.
ve giai phdng phu nir theo quan digm Hd Chi Minh d nhiing ndi dung:
Mgt Id, giai phdng phu nu trong ITnh vyc chinh hi. Thuc chat day chmh la mot trong nhiing nMem vu cua edng cudc giai phdng dat nudc ndi chung.
Bdi vi, nudc mat, nha tan, dan la nd le tM phu nii la ngudi hi day dpa dau khd nhat. Giai phdng dan tpc la tien d6 de giai phdng phy nii, quygn eiia phu nii gan lign vdi quyen dan tdc ddc lap, quyen ty quygt dan tdc. Nudc cd dpc lap thi dan mdi dupc tir do.
Ddu tranh gianh quyen dpc lap dan tdc dii mdi thuc hien dupe quygn binh dfing cua phu nil. Dan tpc duac giai phdng tM phu nu mdi cd quygn binh dang vdi nam gidi trong viec ung cir va bau cit vao cac CO quan dan cu, vao he thdng chinh tri theo Hien phap va phap Mat.
Hai Id, giai phdng phu nii ve xa hpi. Phu nii la mpt lye lupng quan trpng trong ddi sdng xa hdi cua con ngudi. Tu tudng Hd CM Minh dupe hinh thanh tit nMSu ngudn gdc, trong dd cd tmyen thdng van hoa phuong Ddng va van hda Viet Nam. Ngudi da tigp diu ed chpn Igc nhiing di san van hda dd de lam gi thgm vdn hi diitc cho minh, nhung ddng thdi Ngudi ciing phe phan nhiing tu hrdng lac hau, kim ham sir phat trien cua lich sir xa hdi, trong do cd nhiing dinh • kien sai lam v6 ngudi phu nii. Phu nii phai dupc binh dang vdi nam gidi Irong hdn nhan vdi ehe dp mdt vp - mpt chdng, bmh ddng trong viec tham gia cac cdng viec xa hdi. Vi vay, ngay sau khi each mgng Thang
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Tam (1945) thanh cong, Chu tich Hd CM Mmh da cM dao xay dyng Hidn phap va Lugt Hdn nhan gia dinh Trudc cdng luan, Bac nMeu lan bay td y ki6n la phai tieu diet tu tudng phong kign, ddu dc gia trudng trpng nam khinh nir va tu tudng tu san,...
Ddng thdi, ngudi phy nir ciing phai ty giai phdng, Ur vuon len lam tdt vai trd cua minh trong chg dp mdi, chu trpng tMen chirc cua ngudi phu nu hong gia dinh.
Ba Id, giai phdng phu nii ve mat ldm ly. Do anh hudng ciia chg do cii da hinh thanh trong mdi ngudi phu nii Viet Nam (nhat la d ndng thdn) tam ly tu ti, an phan, phuc tiing, phu thupc. Chinh dieu nay da lam can trd su phat trien ve mpi mat eiia ngudi phy nil. Vi the, trong dieu hen xa hpi mdi, phai that sy giai phdng ve mat tam ly, tu tudng, giai phdng nang luc cua phan nua xa hpi, dg ngudi phu nii vuon len lam chil ban than, gia dinh, lam chu thien nMen va lam chu xa hdi.
Vdi nhung tu tudng ve giai phdng phu nir, Hd CM Minh la ngudi di dSu trong phong trao dau tranh ddi nam nu bmh quyen, khang dinh vi tri eua phy nii.
Trong cac van kien thanh lap Dang thang 2 nam 1930, Nguyen Ai Qudc da neu mpt chii truong Idn ve phuong dien xa hdi la "thuc hien nam nii binh quyen". Day la mdt trong bdn digm Idn ma Chanh cuang de ra.
Ngay 2.9.1945, trong Ban Tuyen ngdn ddc lap dpc tai quang trudng Ba Dinh, Bac trinh trpng Mygn bd vdi tiie gidi va qudc dSn ddng bao: 'Tat ca mpi ngudi deu sinh ra binh dang. Tao hoa cho hp nhirng quyen khdng ai cd the xam pham dugc, trong nhiing quyen ay, cd quyen duoc sdng, quyen ty do va quyen muu cdu hanh phuc"<^'. Nhimg ldi tuyen ngdn bdt hii ay da ngam khang dinh quyen binh dang cua phu nii so vdi nam giai trong che dp xa hdi mdi - \^et Nam Dan chii Cpng hda. Va "tdt ca mpi ngudi" Viet Nam dgu la nhung ngudi ed quygn di ban cir Qudc hdi vao ngay 6.1.1946: 'Tat ca cdng dan Viet Nam, ca trai va gai, tu 18 tudi trd len, deu cd quyen bau cu va iing cii, trir nhiing ngudi da bi tudc mdt cdng quyen va nhiing ngudi tri dc khdng bmh thudng". Va Hien phap ciia nudc \^et Nam dan chu cdng hda nam 1946:"... tuyen bd vai the gidi: phy nii Viet Nam da dupc diing ngang hang vdi dan dng de duoc hudng
chung mpi quyen ty do cua mdt cdng dan". Ngudi cM rd: cdng tac phu nir hong xay dyng chii ngMa xa hpi, mpt trong nhung ndi dung quan trpng la phai dau tranh gianh quyen bmh dang cho phu nii. Dang va Chinh phil ta ludn ludn chu y nang cao dia vi ciia phu nii. Hien phap dinh rd "nam nii binh ddng" va Luat lay vp lay chdng,... deu nham muc dich dy. Ngudi nhac nhd cac cap, cac nganh phai kinh trpng phu nu, quan tam den doi sdng vat chat ciing nhu tinh than cita nil gidi.
Trong lan ve tham tinh Thai Binh nam 1966, ndi chuyen vdi can bd, ddng bao, sau khi phan tich tinh hinh, chi rd nhiem vy san xuat va ehign dau, Bac nhan mgnh: "Mpt dieu niia Bac can ndi la: Phai ldnh trpng phu nii. Chimg ta lam each mang la de hanh lay binh quyen binh ddng, trai gai deu ngang quyen nhu nhau. Lgnin dgy chiing ta: Phu nii la mdt nira xa hpi. Ngu phy nii chua duoc giai phdng thi xa hpi chua dupe giai phdng ca. Phu nii tM phai tu minh phan dau giir gin quygn binh dang vdi dan dng. Dan dng phai ldnh trpng phu nir. Nhung Bac nghe ndi van cd ngudi danh chin vp! Dd la mdt dieu dang xau hd.
Nhu thg tM cdn gi la tinh nghTa vp chdng? Nhu thg la pham phap, la cyc ky da man. CM bp dang phai giao due dang vien va nhan dSn ve quyen binh dang giiia vp chdng. Doan thg phu nir va thanh men phai bao ban nhau each cu xii hoa thuan trong gia dinh.
Bac mong rang: Tir nay v6 sau se khdng cdn thdi xau danh chili vp niia"'^'. Ddng thdi, Bac ciing cM ro mdt thuc trang: cap tren cd cat nhac can bp phu nii nhung chua mgnh dan, tiic la cdn phan nao chua coi trpng tri tue va tai nang cua phy nii.
Khdng cM dau tranh gianh quygn bmh ddng cho phu nil, nhac nhd Dang, Chinh phu, nam gidi phai tdn trpng hp ma Bac cdn dpng vien, khuygn bao, nhdc nhd cM em phai tu cd gang hoc tap, sang tao, vuon len ty khang dinh minh. Trong budi ndi ehuygn tai Hdi ngM can bd thao Iuan dy thao Lugt Hdn nhan va Gia dmh, Ngudi phan tieh: Vg phan minh, chi em phy nil khdng nen ngdi chd Chinh phu, ehd Dang ra cM thl giai phdng cho minh, ma ty minh phai ty cudng, phai ddu tranh. Nhan dip ky mem 50 nam ngay Qudc te Phu nii, Ngudi khen ngpi phu nii Viet Nam ta san cd truyen thdng d&u ttanh anh diing va
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lao ddng can cii. Trong khang cMen, phu nii ta tir Bac den Nam deu hang hai tham gia danh giac ciiu nudc.
Nhung phy nii ta can phai cd gang nMgu de theo kip chi em cac nudc bgn, gdp phan nMeu hem niia ttong viec xay dyng chii ngMa xa hdi. Ngudi phe binh: Phu nu ta cdn mdt sd nhupc diem nhu bd ngd, liing tiing, ty ti, thigu tin tudng vao kha nang cua minh; mat khac, phy nii cung gap nMeu khd khan ve gia dinh, con cai. Mudn giai quygt khd khan khdng nen y lai vao Dang, CMnh phu ma phai quygt tam hpc tap, phat huy sang kign, tm tudng d kha nang minh, nang cao tinh thdn \$p thg, doan kgt giiip dd nhau dg giai quygt mpi khd khan ciia phy nii trong cdng tac chinh quyen. Ngudi keu gpi: CM em phu nii ndng thdn tM dua gdp siic hoan thanh tdt cai each mdng dat va lap nhiing td ddi cdng tdt. CM em cdng nhan va cdng chitc tM dua Iam trdn nhiem vu eua minh. CM em tri thiic tM dua gdp phan vao viee phat trien van hda.
Nir thanh men tuy theo cuong vi cua minh, tM dua hpc va hanh, xung phong ttong mpi cdi^ viec.
Ngudi can dan, tat ca phu nii phai hang hai nhan lay trach nMem cua ngudi Iam chii ddt nude, ttie la phai ra site thi dua tang gia san xuat va ihyc hanh tigt Mem dg xay dyng nudc rlha, xay dung chii nghia xa hpi, Mudn lam trpn nhiem vu ve vang do, phy nii ta phai xda bd cai tam ly ty ti va y lai; phai cd y cM ty eudng, tu lap; phai nang cao Ign mai trinh dp cMnh tri, van hda, ky thugt. Ngudi ludn khuyen kMch chi em tu minh ed gang vuon len khdng dinh minh. Dieu nay the Men sy quan tam, thuang yeu va day tinh than trach nhiem cua mpt vi lanh tu ludn theo sat, co vii cac phong trao ciia phu nu.
Trudc Iiic di xa, ttong "may ldi de lgi", Ngudi cung khdng qugn can dan toan Dang, toan dan:
'Trong sy ngMep chdng My, citu nudc, phu nu dam dang ta da gdp phan xiing dang ttong cMdn dau va ttong san xudt. Dang va CMnh phii edn phai cd kg hogch diiet thyc de bdi duong, cdt nhdc va giiip dd dg ngay them nhigu phy nii phu trach mpi cdng viec kg ca cdng vi?e lanh dgo. Ban dian phu nii tM phai cd gdng vuon len. Dd la mpt cude each mang dua dgn quyen bmh ddng that sy cho phu nii"i"'>.
Cd thg thay, trong di san tu tudng vg giai phdng dan tdc, giai phdng con ngudi ciia Hd CM Minh, ndi
bgt ttong dd cMnh la tu tudng ve giai phdng phu nii thyc Men quyen bmh ddng cho hp d mpi lihh vuc tu chmh tri, kmh td dgn van hda, xa hdi. Dieu nay cang khdng dinh va lam ro hon vai trd to Idn ciia phu tiii doi vdi sy phat tridn ciia xa hpi ttong ddng chay hudng tdi van minh va tien bp cua nhan logi.
3. Giai phong phu nu' - di@m sang cua chu nghia nhan van H 6 Chi Minh
Trong tu tudng Hd CM Mmh vg giai phdng phv nil, chimg ta thdy ndi bat va bao tnim la tinh nh2n van, nhan dgo. Tir rat sdm, Ngudi thau Meu va dm^
cam sau sac vdi than phgn ciia ngudi phu nii la nhftig ngudi phai ehiu nhidu tMet tiidi. Trong xa hdi phong kign, vdi tu tudng "ttpng nam kinh nii" de nang 16i) toan xa hdi tM ngudi phu nu bi coi thudng, khong duoc hpc hanh, khdng dupc tham gia vao cac hoat dpng xa hdi, hp cM biet tdn tao lam viec va phue tung phuc vu chdng, con trai. Cdn dudi sy ap biic, do hp eua chg dp thyc dan, dg qudc, ngudi phu nii cimg chung canh ngp vdi toan the nhan dan Yiet Nam, chju than phan ciia ngudi nd le mat nudc, bi ap biic hoc lot, ggt nude mdt tiln chdng con ra cMgn tiudng con mmh d Igi ganh vac cdng viec hgu phuang. Ho CM Minh da viet hang logt bai de len an, td cao tpi k man rp cua che dp thyc dan ddi vdi ngudi phu m.
Tigu bieu ttong dd la bai "Phy nii An Nam va su do hp ciia Phap" dang trgn bao Le Paria (Ngudi ciing khd) ngay 1.8.1922, Ngudi vigt: "Chg dp thyc dan, ty ban than nd, da la mpt hanh ddng bgo luc cua U manh ddi vdi ke ygu rdi. Bgo lyc dd, dem ra d6i xir vdi tte em va phy nu, lai cimg bi di hon niia"<"'. Nam 1925, ttong tae pham "Bdn dn che do thuc ddn Phdp ", Hd CM Minh da thg Men su cam thdng sau sac vdi ndi khd cyc ciia ngudi phu nii ttong mdt dSt nudc bi do hd, Nguoi da danh ban mdt chuang de cap dgn "ndi nhuc eiia ngudi phu nii ban xii". Ngucri vidt: "Khdng mpt chd nao ngudi phu nii thoat khoi nhiing hanh dpng bgo ngupe. Ngoai phd, ttong nha, giiia ehp hay d tiidn que, dau dau ho ciing vdp phai nhiing hanh dpng tan nhan cua bpn quan cai tri, si quan, canh binh, nhan vign nha doan, nha ga. Mgt ngudi Au mdng mdt phy nu An Nam la con dT, CQ|
bil dii la mOt vi^c thdng tiiudng. Ngay giua ehp Ben Thanh d Sai Gdn - ma ngudi ta bao la mdt thanh pho
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Phap, bpn gac cha ngudi Au ciing khdng ngan nggi dung roi gan bd, dui cui danh phu nii ban xii de bat hp tranh khdi lam nghen Idi!""^'.
Liic suih thdi, Ngudi ludn ludn coi lyc lupng phy nu la mpt bd phan khdng tiie tach rdi ciia each mgng, mpt ttong nhiing nhan td quan trpng bao dam mpi thang Ipi ciia su ngMep dau tranh vi ddc lap, ty do cua dan toe, vi hgnh phuc cua nhan dan. Vi vgy, gM nhgn nhiing thanh tich ddng gdp ciia phy nu frong cudc khang cMgn chdng My, eiiu nude vi dai cua dan tpe, Ngudl tang phu nu Viet Nam 8 ehii vang: "Anh hiing, bdt khuat, trung hgu, ddm dang" va khdng dinh: Non sdng gdm vdc Viet Nam do phu nii ta, tte cung nhu gia, ra sue det ngn. Dan tdc ta va Dang ta ddi ddi bigt an cac ba me \^gt Nam anh himg da smh ra va cdng Mgn nhiing ngudi con uu tii, da va dang cMen dau anh diing tuyet vdi bao ve non song gam vdc do td tien ta de lai. Day cMnh la su khang dinh cua Bac ve vi tri, vai ttd khdng the tiiidu ciia phu nu Viet Nam ddi vdi su ngMep giai phdng dan tdc ciing nhu frong cdng cupc xay dung va bao ve Td qudc hdm nay.
Thdy dupc vi fri vai trd quan ttpng, lgi ciing thay dupe ndi thdng khd ma hp phai chiu dyng, nen cung vdi hanh trinh cuu nudc, giai phdng dan tdc, cung nhu ttong qua trinh lanh dgo each mgng, Bac luon dat ra ygu cau biic thigt la phai giai phdng
"nira thg gidi" khdi "xigng xich nd lg", phai cai trdi cho phu nii.
Thyc Men ygu cau dd, ngay tCr kM thanh lap Dang, vdn de giai phdng phu nii da dupc Bae Hd va Dang ta hgt siic coi trpng trong xay dyng dudng ldi each mgng, la mdt npi dimg ttong dudng ldi each mgng giai phdng dan tdc. Ngudi da sdm cM ra con dudng, bien phdp de thyc Men quyen binh ddng va nhiing Ipi ich tiudt tiiuc eho phu nii: Dgt van dg giai phdng phu nii la mdt ndi dung quan ttpng frong su ngMep each mang chung cua dan tpc. KhSng dinh va dg cao "sy tu giai phdng" ciia chinh chi em, hi dd Ngudi ydu cdu phy nu phai phan dau fren tat ca cac mat, cac Mih vyc nhu tang gia san xuat, thyc hanh tigt kiem, xung phong ttong viec xay dung ddi sdng mdi, dac biet la phai bidt doan ket tuang frp, giiip do iln nhau tit viec nhd dgn viec Idn,
Xac dinh edng cudc giai phdng phy nii la mdt cupc ddu tranh lau dai, phiic tgp va cho rang dd la mdt "cupc each mgng to va khd", chmh vi vgy, can phai cd sy tham gia ciia ca h? thdng ehinh tii ttong cdng cudc dau ttanh nay. Hd CM Minh cM rd vai trd cua Dang, Chmh phu va chinh quyen cac cap can nhan thiic ro rdng, thyc Men quygn binh dang tiiyc su giua nam va nu phai tiig hien ttong thuc tien edng tac va ddi sdng xa hdi ma bieu Men cy the, trudc het la ttong viec dua phu nii tham gia edng viee td chiic va quan ly nha nudc, chii ttpng den viee dao tgo, bdi dudng va su dung hp.
Cd tiie khdng dinh, ca trong hoat dpng nhan thirc ly lugn ciing nhu toan bd hoat dpng thue tign, Chii tich Hd CM Minh da nhieu lan de cap dgn van dg giai phdng phu nG va yeu cau cac cap, cac nganh phai quan tam dg giup dd hp tiiyc hien quyen bmh ddng, sanh vai cimg vdi nam gidi gdp siie vao sy ngMep each mgng cua dan tpc. Va chinh frong qua trinh ay, phu nu se tu vucm Ign hoan thien, giai phdng cho chinh minh, cho gidi minh khdng nhiing chi frong phgm vi mdt qude gia, dan tdc ma cdn md rpng fren phgm vi toan tiig gidi.
Vdi tu tudng sang sudt va tinh cam manh het, ttong trai tun cua Ngudi ludn danh cho phy nir mdt sy quan tam dgc biet va de rdi Bae da tgo nen mdt siic mgnh tinh thdn bat diet mai soi dudng cho phu nil, thdi thuc hp hanh ddng. Day ed thg coi nhu mot cdng Men vi dai cua Ngudi trong edng cupc dau tranh bao ve quyen, lpi ieh cho phu nii; ddng thdi qua dd ciing cho chiing ta thay dupc mdt trong nhimg "diem sdng" ciia chii nghTa nhan van Hd CM Minh - dd cMnh la tu tudng vg giai phdng phu nir, mang lgi hanh phuc, sy binh yen cho cudc sdng, eho con ngudi tten phgm vi toan thg gidiO
(1), (2), (4) H6 Chi Minh, 7od« % T2, Nxb CTQG, H., 2011, fr313,313,506.
(3) m Chi Minh, Sdd, T7, tr 340
(5),(6),(7)H6ChiM\Tih,Sdd. T12,tr 300,509-510,511.
(8) H6 Chi Minh, Sdd. T4, tr 1.
(9) H6 Chi Minh, Sdd. T15, tr 260.
(10) H6 Chi Minh,^t/, T15, tr.617.
(12), (13) H6 Chi Minh, Sdd Tl, lr,l]4,114,
Sd'thdng 3-2016 Ly luSn c h i n h tri & IVuy^n thong 15
