DINH DirOtNG VA THlTC AN CHAN NU6l
8. Hasin B.M., Ferdaus AJ.M., Islam M.A., Uddin M J . and Islam M.S. (2006), Marigold and Orange Skin as Egg Yolk Color Promoting Agents. International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (10): 979-987
9 Hernandez J.M. (2005). Egg quality - meeting consumer expectations. International Poultry Production, Vol. 13, V 3, pp. 20-23.
10. lnnovad.http://www.innovadglobal.conVvn^-process.html) 11 ISA Brown Commercial stock (2012),
http://www.isapouItry.com/en/Products/ISA/ISA%20B rown.aspx
12. Lohmann, http;//www.auvina.com/chat-tao- mau/avizant-yellow-20s.html. Marigold and Orange Skin as Egg Yolk Color Promoting Agents.
13. Hh Thj Bfch Ng9c, Phan Dinh Th9m, Nguyen Nggc Anh (2012), "Anh hudng ciJa ty lfi bflt cfl
Stylosanlhes guianensis CIAT 184 khic nhau trong khiu p h ^ den chit lirgng tnjmg cua gd dd Lirong Phucmg", Tgp chl Nflng nghifip v^ phdt inhn nflng thfln, thing 3/2012, ir 96-102.
14. Rowghani E., Maddahian A. and Arab Abousadi M. (2006). Effects of Addition of Marigold Flower, Safflower Petals, Red Pepper on Egg-yolk Color and Egg Production in Laying Hens. Pakistan Joumal of Biological Sciences, vol. 9, 1333-1337 15. Santos-Bocanegra E., Ospina-Osorio X. and
Oviedo-Rondfln E.G. (2004). Evaluation of Xanthophylls Extracted from Tageles ereclus (Marigold Flower) and Capsicum sp. (Red Pepper Paprika) as a Pigment for Egg-yolks Compare with Synthetic Pigments. International Joumal of Poultry Science 3 (11): 685-689.
DANH GIA HIEU QUA CUA VIEC BO SUNG CHE PHAM PROBIOTIC VAO KHAU PHAN THlTC AN TRONG CHAN NUOI GA THIT
Trdn Qudc Vi^t'*, Sdm Vdn Hdi', Le Van Huyen', Ninh Thi Huyen', Nguyen Thi Hdng', Trdn Viet Phuang' 1. MO DAU
Hi?n nay, do sue ep cua vi?c cam su dyng khang sinh nhu chat kich thich sinh truang trong khau phan (KP) thtic an (TA) cua vgt nuoi, nen a nhieu niroc tren the gioi, mpt so san pham thay the, dac bi^t la cdc che pham sinh hQc nhu probiotic vk prebiotic dugc nghiSn cihi, umg dung rat rpng r3i (Cromwell, 2002). V^i nam g^n day, nhieu nghien curu da ehu'ng minh rSng s^r co m§t, sinh soi va phat trien cua nhihig vi sinh vgt (VSV) probiotic trong duong tifiu hoa cua gia cam thong qua TA va nuoc uong dS tSng cu&ng kha nSng miln djch, cai thi^n hifu qua ti€u hoa vk hSp thu cdc chit dinh du&ng d ga (Edens va cs, 1997; Watkins va Kratzer (1984); Jin va cs (1998a; 1998b; 2000). Nhieu cong trlnh nghifin cuu khae (Hooper va cs, 2001; Stappenbeck va cs, 2002; Rawls vk cs, 2004) cung cho thSy nh&ng dap img rat tich cue ciJa gia cam doi vol vife bo Bfl mon Dinh dudng vh Thtrc ia chSn nufli - Vifin ChSn nufli
* Tac gia Ai liln hfi: TS. TrSn Quflc Vifit, Phfl Bfl mfln Dinh dudng vi Thiic an chan nuoi. Vign ChSn nufli - Thyy Phuong - Tir Uim - H4 Nfli. Di^n thojii: 04-3.8386126/0982.011.584.
Email: [email protected].
sung probiotic trong TA. 6 nuoc ta, nhDng nghifin Clhi sii dung probiotic trong chan nuoi gia cam con rit han chfi. Theo Lfi Thanh Binh va cs (1999), b6 sung chfi ph4m PR099 (g6m hai chiing vi khuin Lactic) vao KP an ciia ga thit da l^m tang s6 lupnng vi khuin (VK) lactic, giam E.
Coli trong chit chCra dudng rupt va tang t6c dp sinh truong a ga. Theo Trin Qu6c Vi?t va cs (2008), khi bo sung probiotic da chiing dgng bpt vko TA dS lam t3ng ty I? tifiu hoa TA va t6c dp sinh trudng o gd Lucmg Phugng nudi thjL Nghifin ciiu nky dupc tifin hanh nhSm ddnh gid hifiu qud ciia vific b6 sung cac chfi pham probiotic da chung dgng b^t (PRO^" Avian) vdo TA trong chSn nuoi gd thjt.
2. NOI DUNG VA PHU"OfNG PHAP NGHIEN COtJ 2.1. V^t li^u, thjyi gian vk dja dilm nghien cihi
- Che phim probiotic da chiing: chl phim PRO^" Avian, (do Vi?n Chan nuoi ph6i hpp vdi vi§n Vi sinh vgt vk C6ng ngh^ sinh hpe thuOc Dgi hpe Qu6c gia Ha Npi sdn xult). Chl phim ndy g6m cdc chiing VSV hthi ich {Bacillus sublilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus
KHKT Chan nuoi So 12 - 2012 21
DINH D I / O N G V A T H U C AN CHAN NUOI
Faecium; va Saccharomyces boulardii) vd c 6 m^t dOd9tlO"cfu/g.
- Khdng sinh Colislin vd Kitasamycine dU(?c dOng vdi li^u th^p dc Itich thich sinh tru6ng.
- 0 4 Lucmg Phirgmg I ngdy tu6i (1200 con) da dir(?c sir dyng. Gd dupc nu6i trong 77 ngdy (11 tuin), trong chu6ng nen xi mdng c6 ch^t dOn chu6ng, th6ng tliodng tu nhifin.
- KhSu pliAn CO sd (KPCS) cho gd thi nghidm dupc phoi c h l tCt cdc nguySn liju: ngd, t^m g?o tS, i^ho ihi d§u tucmg, d i u thuc vat, premix vitamin- Ichodng vd cdc axit amin t6ng hpp.
Thi nghidm duoc tiln hdnh tai Trung tam Nghifin ctiu vd bdo ton v§t nu6i, Vifin Chdn nu6i tir thdng 11 /2011 denthdng 1 / 2 0 I 2 .
2.2. P h u v n g phdp bh trf (hf nghidm Od thf nghidm dupc phdn vdo 3 16 theo thi thilc ngSu nhifin hodn todn, mSi 16 4 0 0 con dupc nu6i trong 5 6 chu6ng (80 con/6) (dong d i u tinh bi{t), m5i 6 Id mOt l4n IJp l?i. Gd 6 Id 1 (dli chUmg - DC) dupc dn KPCS Idiong b l sung probiotic ho$c khdng sinh nhu cdc chdt Itich thich sinh trudng. Gd * 16 2 dupc an KPCS aS b l sung khdng sinh Colistin (100 g/tin) vd Kitasamycin 60 g/tin (nhu chit kich thlch sinh trudng). 0 4 d 16 3 dupc dn KPCS cd b l sung PRO™ Avian vdi iilu 2 kg/tin. Thdnh phin cua KPCS dupc trlnh bdy d B d n g l .
Bdng 1. Khiu phin Ihirc dn cho gd thi nghidm (%) NguyEn li;u
NgS Tim ggo le Kho diu dgu tucmg 44% Pr Dau d^u tuong Bgt da
Dicanxi phflt phdt t7%P Premix vitamin khoang Choline Chloride 60%
Lysine HCl Methionine Muoitin
Natribicarbonale (NaHC03) Thanh phdn dinh dudng Irong I kg V$l chit khd (%)
Nang [uung trao ddi (kcal) Protein thfl (%) Xulhfl(%) Lysine (%) Methionine + Cystine (%) Canxi (%) Phit pho dS hip thu Gifi nguyfin lifiu (d/kg)*
0 din 4 tt 39.48 20,00 34,27 2,39 0,72 2,18 0.25 0,06 0,03 0,17 0.16 0,28
87,74 29S0 20,00 3,74 1,10 0,79 1,00 0,48 8778
Giai doyn sinh t r u ^ g 5 dtn 8 It
41,34 20,00 31,91 2,93 1.05 1,90 0.25 0,07 0,00 0,12 0,18 0,26
87,77 3000 19,00 3,66 1,00 0,74 0,95 0,43 8725
9tt-XC 45,78 20,00 26,80 3,74 1,00 1,83 0.25 0,06 0,00 0,09 0,16 0,28
87,78 3100 17,00 3,52 0,83 0,66 0,90 0,41 8758 Ghi chit: *Gid tfii thcri diim thang 11 ndm 2011.
DINH Dl/OfNG VA THlTC AN CHAN NUOI Gd 6 tit ca cac 16 dupc dn TA vd uong nuoc
X\t do. Chl dO chdm s6c nuoi du&ng vd v? sinh, phdng b?nh doi v6i gd d cdc 16 !a nhu nhau.
2.3. Cdc chi ti£u theo d5i
Gd 6 cdc 16 dupc can vdo cdc th6i dilm: luc bdt dau (1 ngdy tucii) vd moi klii chuyln giai do^in dl Ichdo sdt toe dp sinh tru6ng.
TA cho vdo vd TA thCra dupc cSn vd ghi ch6p hang ngdy Ak tinh lupng TA dn vdo vd tieu ton TA tren 1 kg tdng trpng.
Tinh tr^ng siic Idiofe cua cua ddn gd dupc theo dSi hang ngdy. NhQng con 6m, chit, Ich6i lupng (KL) CO the liic chet. nguyen nhdn 6m, chet dupc theo dSi vd ghi ch^p hdng ngdy dl tinh todn ty I? nu6i song.
2.4. Xi^ 1^ s6 lif u
Cdc s6 li|u thi nghi?m dupc xii iy th6ng ke ANOVA-GLM bdng phdn mIm Minitab phien bdn 14.0. Cdc kit qud thi nghidm trinh bdy trong cdc bdng s6 li^u Id gid trj trung binh ± sai s6 chuin (SE). Tukey -Test dupc dimg dl so sdnh cdc gid trj trung binh v6i dp tin c§y 95%. Cdc gid trj trung binh dupc coi Id khdc nhau c6 y nghTa th6ng ke khi gid trj P nh6 hon 0,05.
3. K £ T Q U A VA BAN L U A N
3.L Anh hurdug cua vi^c bo sung probiotic vdo thiJc Sn den toe dp sinh truong if gd Linmg Phugrng nu6i thjt
Anh hudng cua vi?c bo sung probiotic din sinh trudng vd hi§u qud sur dyng TA ciia gd thjt dupc trinh bdy 6 Bdng 2.
Bang 2: Anh hirdng cua vifc bl sung cdc probiotic vdo thirc Sa den sinh trvdiig ciia gd thit Chi tilu
KL luc bit diu (g) KL lie 4 tuin tufli (g) KL liic 8 tuan tuoi (g) KL ICe 11 t u ^ tufli (g)
0-4 tufin lufli Tfing trong 5-8 tuin tuoi (g/con/ngfiy) 9-il luin tufli
Trung blnh
Lo 1 (BC) 36,78 635,3"
1651' 2415"
20,75*
36,00' 38,21' 30,88'
Lo2 36.89 685,9' 1813' 2729' 22.39' 40,19' 45,77' 34,96'
L6 3 36,57 673,3' 1820' 2658' 22,02' 40,82' 41,90"
34,05' SE 0,14 4,82 14,53 21.52 0.166 0,402 0,574 0,283
P 0,260 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Ghi chu: Cdc so Irong ciing mgt hdng cd cdc chit cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau co y nghTa ihdng ke.
Qua Bang 2 nh$n thiy, t6c dp sinh trucmg dupc cdi thi?n rfl r?t d cdc 16 gd dupc dn KP co bo sung khdng sinh vd probiotic. Luc 11 tuan tuoi, KL CO the ciia gd 616 2 vii 3 cao hon so vdi DC tir 10,1 din 13,0% (2729g vd 2658g so vdi 2415g), sai khdc ndy cd y nghTa th6ng k6 (P<0,001).
Tuong Omg vdi s;r vupt trpi vl KL co thi, t6c dO sinh trudng tuy^t dli (g/con/ngdy) cQa gd 6 cac 16 dupc b6 sung khdng sinh lieu thip vd probiotic da chung luon cao hon rat rd rft so vdi 16 DC. Tdng trpng ngay tinh bmh quan trong cd giai doan thi nghidm (0-77 ngdy tuoi) cda gd d cdc 16 2,16 3 Id 34,96 vd 34,05 g/con/ngdy cao hon so vdi 16 DC
lan lupt: 13,2% vd 10,3%, sm khdc ndy cd y nghia th6ng ke (P<0,001). Kit qud nay tuong ty nhu cdc kit qud nghien cihi tren gd broiler cQa cdc tdc gid;
Owings vd cs (1990), Cavazzoni vd cs (1998), Jin vd cs (1998b), Zulkifli vd cs (2000), Kalavathy vd cs (2003), Kabir va cs (2004), Gil De Los Santos vd cs (2005), Triin Qu6c Vi?t vd cs (2008).
3.2. Anh hudng ciia v i ^ b6 sung probiotic vao thuc in din hifu qua sir dung thi>c in cr gd Luvng Phuang nuoi thjt
B 6 sung cdc VSV s6ng hfhi ich (cdc probiotic) vdo TA vd nude u6ng ldm thay doi khu
KHKT Chan nuoi Sd 12 - 2012
23
DINH DUOtNG VA THtTC A N C H A N N U 6 l h§ VSV dudng rupt ciia gia c^m. Kilu Idc d6ng cua probiotic rit phirc Igp, nhung nhd s^r hifn di§n cua ciic VSV probiotic md sy can bdng ciia h§
VSV ru6t dupc cdi thifn theo hudng cd Ipi cho vgt chii da dupc nhilu tdc gid dl c§p (Fuller.
1989; Enden vd cs, 1997; Jin vd cs. 1998a). Cd hai CO chl CO bdn md cdc VSV probiotic tdc dOng din Bdng 3.
hf VSV: (i) cgnh tranh vj tri bdm dinh trfin nifim
mgc ruOt vdi VSV c6 hgi vd (ii) tdng cudng ddp img miln djch ciia hf miSn djch rupt (Yang vd Choct, 2009), nhd dd md hifu qud su dyng TA dupc cdi thifn. Cdc kit qud nghifin eim dnh hudng cila b6 sung probiotic vdo KP din hifu qud sur dyng TA d gd Luong Phu(;mg duprc trinh bdy d
Bdng 3: Anh hvirna ciia bl sung Probiotic vdo thfrc fln din hifu qui su- d^ng thuc Sn ciia gd thjt
TA fln vflo (g/con/ngfiy)
Tifiu tin TA (g/g lfing trong)
Chl lifiu 0-4 luin tuii 5-8 lu4n tuil 9-11 tuin tuii Trung blnh 0-4 luin tuii 5-8 tuin tuii 9-11 t u ^ l u i i Trung blnh Chi phi TA (d/kg tflng trpng)*
L«1 IDC) 35,66 94,24 127,44 80.58 1,72"
2,62' 3.34' 2,61' 22833'
L9 2 35,26 93,16 126,58 79,78 1,57*
2,32' 2,77' 2,28' 20510*
L(I3 35,48 95,16 128,50 81,14 1.61' 2,33*
3,06*
2,38*
21215*
SE 0.285 1.718 2,069 1.002 0,012 0,054 0,077 0,034 2%.9
P 0.623 0,719 0.809 0,639 0,001 0,003 0.001 0.000 0.000 Ghi chu Cdc sd Irong citng mgt hang co cdc chii cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghTa ihdng ki; * Chi phi
TA linh cho cd giai dogn thi nghidm.
Cdc s6 lifu d Bdng 3 cho thay khdng cd sy khdc bift giifa cdc 16 ve khd ndng tieu thy TA cua gd. Muc dn vdo hang ngdy cua gd d cd 3 giai dogn thi nghifm chfinh Ifch nhau khdng nhieu. Tinh binh quan trong cd giai dogn thf n^ifm, lupng TA dn vdo hdng ngdy dao dpng tir 79,78 g den 81,14 g/con/ngdy nhimg sai khdc ndy khdng cd y nghia thing ke (P>0,05).
Tieu t6n TA/kg tJlng trpng tfnh chung cho cd giai dogn thi nghifm (0-77 ngdy tuii) thip nhit d cdc Id 2 vd 3 (2,28 kg vd 2,38 kg), thip hon so vdi DC 12,6% vd 8,81% tuong img, sy sai khdc ndy cd ^ nghTa th6ng kfi (P<0,001).
Trong dieu kifn thi nghifm, neu cdc Id dupc bl tri ddm bdo ding diu ve 56 lupng gia elm, vl tinh bift vd cdc dilu kifn chdm sdc, nuoi dudng thi hifu qud kinh tl ciia liira gd phy thu$c vdo mi>c
tieu ton TA/kg tflng trpng. Cdc s6 lifu d Bdng 3 cho thiy, m$c dii bo sung khang sinh vd probiotic vdo KP cd ldm tflng gid TA tir lOOd din 150 d/kg TA, nhung do tifiu ton TA d cdc Id cd bl sung khdng sinh vd probiotic thip hon, nfin chung cupc, chi phi TA cho 1 kg tflng trpng ciia gd 0 Id 2 vd 3 chi d mire 20510d (16 2) vd 21215d (16 3). thip hon so vdi Id DC 10,2% vd 7,9% tuong i3mg.
3 3 . Anh budng cua bl sung probiotic vio thih:
dn din ty If chit cua gd Lmrag Phtrgmg nu6i thjt Mpt trong nhihig Ipi fch etia vife bo sung khdng sinh lieu thip vd probiotic vdo KP Id lam tdng khd nflng dl khdng dli vdi bf nh (Patterson, Burkholder, 2003; Timmerman vd cs, 2006).
Cdc kit qud d nghien ctJru ndy (Bdng 4) cho thiy, ty I? chit d gd 6 16 2 vd 3 gidm rit ddng kl so vdi DC.
DINH DITONG VA THirC AN CHAN NUOI
Bing 4: Anh hirdug cua b6 sung probiotic v&o thirc Sn den (y l | chit Chi tifiu
Giai doan 0 - 4 tuin tuii Giai do^n 5-8 tuin ludi Giai dotui 9-11 tuin tuii Trung blnh (0 -11 tuin luii)
L6 1 (DC) 2.75'
1.92 1,55' 6,22'
Lfi 2 1,79*
0,90 0.28' 2,97'
Lfi 3 2,26"
0,96 0,54*
3,75*
d'gft thi nghifin SE P 0,226 0,036 0,338 0,095 0,241 0,007 0,325 0,000 Ghi chu: Cdc so trong ciing mgi hdng cd cdc cliU cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghTa thSng ke.
Cdc kit qua d Bdng 4 cho thiy, ty If chit d Kit qua nghien cuu ndy tuong ty vdi cdc ket qud ga Luong Phupng nu6i thjt cao nhit d giai dogn nghien ciru ciia Timmerman vd cs (2006).
gd con (0 - 4 tuan tuoi) (1,79 - 2,75%). trong d6
cao nhit Id d 16 DC (P=0,036). 6 giai dogn gd dd 4. KET LU-^N
(5-8 tudn tuoi), ty If chet gidm rit ddng kl. vd juc g^ j^^g ^^^ p ^ ^ probiotic da chung dgng ndy khdng thiy cd sy khde bift cd y nghTa thing ^pt PRO™ Avian (do Vifn Chdn nudi ph6i hpp ke gitta cdc 16 (P=0,095). Ty If chll ciia gd ca giai ^^j yifn Vi sinh vat vd Cdng nghf sinh hpe thupc dogn 0 - 11 tuin tu6i d Id DC Id 6,22%, cao hon £j^j ^^^ Q^J-^. gj^ ^ ^ ^^-^ ^ ^ xult) dl b6 sung rit dang kl so vdi 16 2 vd 3 (P<0,001), nhung khi ^^^ -^^ ^^ ,^^ g j ^ ddng kl ty If chit d gd so sdnh giira 16 2 vd 3 thi sy khae bift ve ty If chet Luong Phupng nuoi thit, cdi thifn dupc tic dp trung binh khdng cd y nghTa th6ng ke^(P>0,05). gj^jj ^^uong, ting hifu qud chuyln hda TA, giam Dieu d6 cho thay, b6 sung khdng sinh liiu thap va ^.^j phj j ^ ^ho 1 kg tdng trpng.
probiotic dd ldm tdng dupc sue &h khdng ciia ga.
SUIVIMARY
EfHcacy of supplementation of probiotics into diets in broiler production
Tran Quoc Viet, Sam Van Hai, Le Van Huyen, Ninh Thi Huyen, Nguyen Thi Hong, Tran Viel Phuong
One thousand and two hundred one day old Luong Phuong chickens and one probiotic product (PRO^^Avian) including four probiotic strains {Bacillus sublilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus Faecium; and Saccharomyces boulardii) were used to examine the efficiency of utilization of probiotics in feeding broiler. The concentration of probiotic flora in the PRO Avian is 10* cfii/g. Experimental chickens were devided into 3 groups according to the completely random design with 5 replicates for each (80 chickens/replicate and 400 chickens/group). Chickens in group 1 (negative group) were given basal diet without antibiotic or probiotic. Chickens in group 2 (positive group) were given basal diet with Colistin and Kitasamycin antibiotic (60g/ton). Chickens in group 3 were given basal diet supplemented PRO™Avian (2kg/ton). Results showed that growth rate and feed efficiency of chickens in positive and PRO^^Avian were improved. Growth rate of chickens in the PRO™Avian group was 13.2 % higher; feed conversion ratio was 12.6% better and mortality rate was lower compared to the negative group.
Key words: Broiler chickens, anitibiotic, probiotic, growth performance, feed conversion ratio
KHKT Chan nuoi S6 12 - 2012 25
DINH D U O N G VA THtJC AN < IIAN N U 6 I
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
I. LC Thnnh Binh, Pli«m Thj NRpc LHH. Yoshlmi Bcnno. 1999. Tfic dyng tflng iririVng dli vdi gin dm ciia chii pham vi sinh v^i PRO W, /KII'M tdp bdo cdo Igi /Ipi nghi Cdng ngh^ Sinh hgc todn quoc ndm 1999. 139-144.
Cavazzoni, V., A. Adami, and C. ( astrovilli. 1998.
Pcrronnance of broiler chicken supplcmcnicd wilh Bacillus coagilans as probiolic, lir. Poull. Sci.
39:526-529,
3. Cromwell. G. L. 2002. Why and how anlibiolics arc used in swmc production Anim. Dioicchnol. 13:7-27.
-,. Kdcns, F. W.. C. R. Parkhurst, I. A. Casas. and W J. Dobrogosz. 1997. Principles of ex ovo competitive exclusion and in ovo administration of Laclohacillus reuteri Poult. Sci. 76:179-196.
5 Fuller. R. 1989. Probiotics m man and animals, J Appi Bacterial: 66. 131-139.
6 Gil De Los Santos. J. R., O. B. Storch, and C. Gll- Turncs. 2005. Bacillus ccreus var loyoii and Saccharomyces boulardn increased feed cfliciency in broilers infectedwith Salmonella Entcritidis, Dr.
Poult. Sei. 46:494-497.
7 Hooper, L. V., M. ri. Wong, A. Thelin, L.
Hansson, P. G. Falk, and J. I. Gordon. 2001.
Molecular analysis of commensal hostmicrobial relationships in the intestine Science 291:881-884.
8 Jin, L. L., Y.W. Ho, N. Abdullah, and S. Jalaludin.
1998a. Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures. Poull. Sci.
77:1259-1265.
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10. Jin, L. Z.. Ho., Y. W., Abdullah.,N., and S.
Jalaludin. 2000. Digestive and Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with Lactobacillus Cultures. Poultry Science. 2000.
79:886-891.
I I . Kabir, S. M. L., M. M. Rahman, M. B. Rahman, M. M. Rahman, and S.U.Ahmed. 2004. The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. Int. J, Poull. Sci.
3:361-364.
12. Kalavathy, R., N. Abdullah, S. Jalaludin, and Y.
W. Ho. 2003. Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on
growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens. Br.
Poull Sci. 44:139-144.
13. Owings,W. J.,D. L. Reynolds, R. J.Hasiak, and P.
R. Ferket. 1990. Influence of a dielaiy supplementation with Streptococcus fMciumM-74 on broiler bodywcighl, feed conversion, carcass charnclcristics and intestinal microbial colonization.
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14. Pallerson. J. A., and K. M. Burkholder. 2003.
Application of Prcbiolics and Probiotics in Poultry Production. 2003 Poultry Science 82:627-631.
15. Rawls, J. F., B. S. Samuel, and J. \. Gordon. 2004.
Gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal evolulionarily conserved responses lo Ihe gut microbioia Proc. Nail, Acad.
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16. Stappenbeck. T S., L. V. Hooper, and J. L Gordon. 2002. Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogcnesis by indigenous microbes via Panclh cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99:15451- 15455
17. Timmerman, M. M., Veldman.. A., van den Elsen,.E.Rombouts., F. M. and A. C. Beyneo.
2006. Modality and Growth Performance of Broilers Given Drinking Water Supplemented with Chicken- Specific Probiotics. Poultry Science 85:1383-1388.
18. T r i n Qu&c Vi{l, Biii Thj Thu H u y K Ninh Thj Len, Nguyin Thj Pbyng, Diho Thj Phinrng, Lc Via Huy£n, Dio D i ^ KiCn. 2008. Anh hucmg ciia v i ^ b6 sung probiotic vko khSu phAn den kha nSng tifiu hda thiJc &n, t6c d$ sinh truong vA hifu qua su dyng thirc fln ciJa g& Luong Phi^mg nudi thjL Ndng nghi^
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