114 I Bill Thanh Trang I 1 1 4 - 127
Y dinh thue van phong ao ciia cac doanh nghiep nho va vira
Biii Thanh Tring
Trucmg Dai hoc Kinh ti TP.HCM - [email protected]
Ngay nhan:
17/02/2014 Ngay nhan lai:
14/05/2014 Ngay duyet dang:
10/06/2014 Ma so:
0214-R-06
I u'khoa:
Van phong ao, y dinh thue, lam viec tir xa Keywords' Virtual office, intention to rent, teleworking
T6m tat
Djch vu cho thuS van phong ao rat pho bien tai cac nudc phat trien vi tinh hoan hao va chuyen nghiep ciia no. Tuy nhien, tai VN djch vu nay mdi hinh thinh trong vai nam tra iai day va chua phat trien vi nhi^u Ii do nhu cong nghe chua dap iing, do tin cay chua cao va th6i quen su dung van phing truyen thong. Nghien cmi nay tap trung phSn tich cac nhan to tac dpng den y dinh thue van phong ao tai TP.HCM cua cac doanh nghiep nho va vira. Phuang phap nghien cuu bao gom dinh tinh va dinh luong. Phan tich du-gc thuc hien thong qua kiem dinh thang do he so tin cay Cronbach's Alpha, phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA va hoi quy tuyen tinh bpi. Mo hinh nghien cuu dua tren co so li thuyet va ket qua nghien cuu djnh tinh.
Ket qua cho thay 4 nhan to tac dong den y dinh thufi van phong ao theo thu tu tir cao dSn thip: (1) Chi phi; (2) Vj tri; (3) Sir linh hoat;
va (4) LTng dung cong nghe.
Abstract
Leasing virtual offices is very common in developed countries due to its perfection and professionalism. In Vietnam, however, this service has just made its appearance for the past few years and it did not develop smoothly because of technological problems, poor reliability and habit of employing conventional offices This research tries to analyze factors affecting intention to rent virtual office in HCMC by small and medium enterprises employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, including Cronbach's Alpha, EFA and multiple linear regression analysis. The research model is based on theoretical bases and results of qualitative research. The results point out four factors affecting the intention to rent in order of importance:
(i) Cost, (ii) Locanon; (iii) Flexibility; and (iv) Technological applications.
Phat tt-iSn Kinh ti 284 (06/20I4)| 115
1. GIOI THlEU
Hidn tai ndn kinh te VN van dang trong giai doan khd khan, sue mua suy giam dang kd, doanh nghidp thidu vdn, phai thu hep hoat dpng va tai co c§u san xuat kinh doanh, dimg hoat ddng hoac giai the. Qe tidp tuc duy tri hoat dong kinh doanh, cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira phai tim each cat giam chi phi hoat ddng (chi phi thud van phdng, chi phi dau tu lap dat cac thidt bi, chi phi duy tri van phdng, chi phi nhSn cdng v.v..) Lam thd nao dd cat giam nhihig chi phi dau tu ban dau, giam bdt ap Iuc cho doanh nghidp, va khuyen khich thanh lap doanh nghiep mdi? Dich vu van phdng ao la mdt trong nh&ng giai phap cd the cat giam chi phi cho doanh nghiep mdi thanh lap va ca nhung doanh nghiep dang hoat dong. Nhung Igi ich cd dugc tu van phdng ao nhu tiet kidm chi phi dau tu ma van su dung dugc khong gian van phdng chia se sang trpng, tidn nghi cao cap, tpa lac tai dia chi kinh doanh cd uy tin, lam giam khdi lugng cdng viec quan li van phdng, va didu chinh mdt cdch hai hda giua thdi gian lam viec va danh cho gia dinh, ca nhan. Van phdng ao giup cho doanh nghidp thud thd hidn mdt hinh anh chuyen nghidp vdi chi phi thap va cd su linh hoat. Van phdng ao da hinh thanh va phat tridn kha nhanh tai cac qudc gia trdn thd gidi. Ridng tai VN dich vu nay bat dau hinh thanh tir nam 2000 va dang phat tridn tai TP.HCM va Ha Ndi. Muc tidu ciia nghidn cuu nham xem xet cac nhan td tac ddng ddn y dinh thud van phdng ao cua cac doanh nghidp vija va nhd tai TP.HCM.
2. CO SO Li THUYET
Van phdng ao khi mdi ra ddi da nhanh chdng tao ra su hap dan, thu hut sir chu y ciia cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd. Cac cdng ty nay da sii dung van phdng ao trong cac dich vu tidp tan va thiet lap cac chuong trinh tit xa, va giup hg cd thd md rpng hoat dong kinh doanh ma khdng can dau tu vao co sd ha tSng van phdng. Gregory (1990) cho rSng van phdng ao (Virtual Office^ la khai nidm kinh doanh mdi cho phep ngudi Sli dung cd thd lam viec tai nha trong khi van khai thac nhung dich vu nhu Id tan va phdng hop, do la nhirng djch vu tao ndn hinh anh chuydn nghidp cho van phdng. Theo Davenport & Pearlson (1998), van phdng ao lien quan den mdi trudng lam vide di dpng va tir xa, khi mot cdng ty mudn chuyen sang van phdng ao phai xac dinh rd rang muc tidu va nhu cku cua cdng ty de cd thd lua chpn Ioai hinh van phdng ao phu hgp nhit. Y tudng van phdng ao ra ddi tir su kdt hgp nh&ng phat minh mdi vd cong nghe va thdi dai thdng tin. Van phdng ao la thuat ngu chi mpt hinh thiic van phdng dai dien giao dich cung ckp dich vu thdng rin lien lac va dia chi, cho phep ngudi sii dung giam
116 I Bui Thanh Trang | 114 - 127
chi phi van phdng truyen thdng nhimg van duy tri tinh chuydn nghidp. Thuat ngu "van phdng ao" hay cd the ggi la "van phdng chia se", bao ham y nghia cua viec sii dung khdng gian, va irng dung day du cac phuong tien thdng tin lien lac true tiep ciia mpt van phdng chuydn nghidp. Tdm Iai, van phdng ao la su kdt hgp van hanh doanh nghidp tir xa thdng qua vice sii dung mpt dia chi Iam van phdng dai didn kinh doanh va iing dung phuong ddn thdng tin lien lac true tidp, gidp ngudi sii dung djch vu giam chi phi thud mudn ma vin giii dugc hinh anh ciia mpt van phdng truyen thdng cao ckp va chuyen nghidp.
Ngudi sir dung dieh vu van phdng ao thdng thudng la nhihig doanh nghiep nhd va vira, vdi sd lugng nhan vidn it va bj han che vdn dSu tu xay dung van phdng sang trpng va chuydn nghidp. Lgi ich ciia van phdng ao la giup cho doanh nghidp cd dia chi kinh doanh mang tinh dn dinh va lau dai, de dang va thuan tidn khi thidt lap eac giao dich, cd dpi ngu nhan vien le tan chuydn nghidp, Uang thidt bj dap ling nhu cau vd thdng tin lien lac, va giam dugc chi phi d§u tu van phdng va chi phi thue hang thang. DSu tu dd cd dugc mgt van phdng lam vide hidn dai, day dii tidn nghi phuc vu eho cdng vide kinh doanh nhu dien thoai, fax, may photocopy, kdt ndi Intemet, web, dia chi email, phdng hpp tidn nghi vdi may chieu la ganh nang chi phi ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep nhd. Suy thoai kinh te thd gidi van chua hdi phuc, ndn kinh td van edn nhidu khd khan, giai phap thue dich vu van phdng ao se giam dugc chi phi cho cac doanh nghiep nhd, ddng thdi mang Iai hidu qua kinh doanh nhkt dinh cho cac doanh nghidp cho thud van phdng. Cac doanh nghidp kinh doanh van phdng cho thue tu trung cdp den cao ckp ed thd kdt hgp khai thac ca dich vu eho thud van phdng truydn thdng va van phdng ao.
Y djnh sir dung bit ki mgt dich vu nao thudng dua tren lgi ich cua djch vu mang lai. Nghidn ciiu vd nhan thdc Igi ieh tac dpng ddn y dinh su- dung da cd nhidu nhung ndi bat nhat la Azjen (1991) vd thuydt hanh vi du djnh (Theory of Planned Action) dupc ke thira va phat tridn tir thuydt hanh dpng hgp li (TRA-Theory of Reasoned Action) cua Ajzen & Fishbein (1980). Theo thuyet hanh vi dir dinh, cd ba yeu to la thai do, chuSn chii quan, va nhan thiic kidm soat hanh vi tac ddng ddn y dinh hanh vi.
Khi nghidn ciiu cho mgt san phim hay dich vu cd lidn quan ddn chdp nhan cong nghd, Davis (1989) dua ra md hinh chkp nhan cdng nghd (Technology Aceptance Model-TAM), trong dd nhan thiic Igi ich va tinh dd sii dung tac dpng true tidp ddn y dinh Sli dung. Nhan thuc hihx ich hay Igi fch sii dung la muc do ma ca nhan hay td chdc rin rang khi su dung djch vu se nang cao kdt qua. Nhan thdc rinh de su dung la miic dp ma ca nhan hay td chiic rin rang khi su dung se tidn ich, khdng phai no Iuc
Phat trien Kinh te 284 (Q6/20I4)[ 117
nhieu. Sir dung van phdng ao lien quan den lam vide tir xa va cac cdng vide phai cd ling dung kdt ndi cong nghd. Chi'nh vi vay, nghien cuu cac nhan td tac dpng ddn y dinh Sli dung van phdng ao dugc xem xet va dua trdn ndn tang la nhan thdc Igi ich tac dgng den y dinh va hanh vi ridu dung theo md hinh nghidn ciiu ciia Davis (1989).
Nhan thiic lgi ich cila viec su dung van phdng ao hay thue van phdng ao cua cac doanh nghiep da dugc nhieu nha nghien cuu de cap. Ragins (1997), Hill & cdng su (1998) cho rang lgi ich chinh ciia sii dung van phdng ao la nang suat, su linh hoat va thdi gian Iam vide nhidu hon, can bang cdng vide va cupc sdng. Nghien ciiu ciia Davenport & Pearlson (1998) vk Kurland & Egan (1999) dd cap ddn lgi fch ciia van phdng ao cho phep ngudi sir dung cd thd lam vide tir xa, lam vide tai nha, mang tinh di ddng, va su linh hoat giup cho nhan vidn danh nhidu thdi gian ridp xuc khach hang.
Qurashi (2010) nhan manh vao vide iing dung Smartphone trong cdng viec dd tao ra mpt mdi trudng lam vide ao. Ddi vdi van phdng ao, mdi trudng lam vide di ddng va tir xa, ling dung cdng nghd la dieu kien khdng thd thidu cho hoat ddng nay (Qurashi, 2010). Cac nghien cuu trdn cho thay md hinh chap nhan cdng nghe -TAM cd thd ung dung de phan rich tac dpng eua nhan thiic Igi ich den y dinh thud van phdng ao, trong do cac nhan td dugc xem la lgi ich khi sir dung van phdng ao bao gdm: Nang suat, su linh hoat, can bang cdng vide va cupc sdng, iing dung cdng nghd.
3. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ctTU
Nghien cuu dugc thuc hidn thdng qua hai giai doan so bg va chinh thiic. Nghien ciiu so bp dugc thuc hidn bang phuong phap dinh tinh thdng qua hinh thiic thao luan true tidp dang cau hdi md vdi 5 chuyen gia trong ITnh vyc cho thud van phdng ao tai TP.HCM gdm GOffice, Gegus, Central Office, SOfFiee, eSmart, va 6 chu doanh nghiep da thud van phdng ao. Cac nhan Id va thang do dugc dieu chinh va bo sung thdng qua nghien ciiu dinh rinh cho phii hgp vdi didu kidn ciia VN. Trong qua trinh thao luan, khi de cap den khai nidm "nang suat" nghTa la lam viec vdi ket qua tdt nhit dat dugc trong khoang thdi gian ngin nhat vdi chi phi hgp ti nhat (Hill & cpng sir, 1998). Ket qua thao luan nhdm da thdng nhat eho rang sii dung van phdng ao thi chi phi diu tu ban diu thap hon van phdng truydn thong, cdn hieu qua kinh doanh tdt hay xiu cdn tuy thudc vao qua trinh quan Ii. Cac y kidn cho rang gia ca thud van phdng ao thip va giam dugc chi phi dau tu van phdng se thich hgp cho cac doanh nghidp nhd va vira. Do vay, nhan td nang suit dugc thdng nhat thay bang chi phi. Sir dung van phdng ao cho phep cac nhan vien lam vide tir xa, tai nha hoac quan ca phd, vdi mdt may tinh
118 I Bui Thanh Trang | 114 - 127
xach tay, dien thoai di ddng cd the lien lac vdi nhau va vdi khach hang. Doanh nghidp se khdng lo lang nhidu vd eac chi phi thud mat bing bao gom chi phi dat cgc ban dau va chi phi thanh toan rien thud van phdng hang thang, chi phi didn nudc, Intemet, phi bao ve, duy tri van phdng v.v . Ngoai ra, nhan td vi tri eua van phdng ao dugc tat ca ddi tugng tham gia thao luan cho rang dia diem thuan tidn tai cac cao dc van phdng nam trong tmng tam thanh phd se thich hgp cho viec hgi hpp, giao tiep khach hang.
Dua trdn co sd li thuyet va ket qua nghien cihi dinh tinh, tae gia dd xuat md hinh nghien cuu gdm 5 nhan td tac dpng ddn y dinh thud van phdng ao tai TP.HCM, dd la:
(1) Sy linh hoat; (2) Chi phi; (3) Can bang cdng viec va cudc sdng; (4) Ung dung cdng nghe; va (5) Vi tri.
- Sir linh hoat- Khi lam vide tir xa, ngudi Iam vide cd thd tuy y ehpn vi tri lam vide theo y cua minh, ed the lam vide tai nha, quan ca phd, hoac thu vidn v.v.. Ngudi Iam vide tir xa cd thd ty sap xep thdi gian dd gap khach hang, lam vide nhdm, va ciing cd the kdt thuc thdi gian Iam vide sdm hay mudn theo y minh. Nhu vay, khi Iam vide tir xa, ngudi lam vide se linh hoat hon vd dia didm va sip xdp thdi gian sao cho hidu qua nhat. Gia thuydt H] dugc de xuat:
HI: Su- linh hogt ve dia diem vd thai gian cua ngirdi ldm viec tir xa co tdc dong thudn chieu den y dinh thue vdn phong do.
- Chi phi: Hau hdt cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira khi di vao hoat ddng kinh doanh deu cd gang ridt giam chi phi, trong dd chi phi diu tu ban diu va chi phi thue van phdng hang thang la can thiet khi ma nguon vdn diu tu it. Sir dung van phdng ao, cac khoan chi phi nay se thap hon so vdi dau tu van phdng tmyen thdng. Doanh nghiep sii dung van phdng ao mong mudn cit giam chi phi d mdc hgp Ii nhung van dam bao hieu qua kinh doanh, dac biet trong rinh hudng ma cae doanh nghiep gap khd khan trong san xuat va kinh doanh. Gia thuydt H2 dugc dd nghj:
H2: Chi phi ddu tu vd thue vdn phong thdp co tdc dong thudn chiiu din y dinh thue vdn phong do
- Cdn bdng cong viec vd cuoc sdng: Lam vide trong van phdng ao, mdi trudng lam vide til' xa, cd tinh di ddng, ngudi Iam vide cd thd danh nhidu thdi gian cho gia dinh hoTi nhu cd thdi gian cham sde con cai va vui choi giai tri. Hp cung cd thdi gian rieng cho ban than, cd thd kdt thuc cdng vide bit cii liic nao khi cam thiy ap lyc met mdi va cd the giai tri nhu dgc sach, nghe nhac, xem phim hay lam bat cii vide gi dd thu gian
Phat trien Kmh te 284 (06/2014) | 119
cho ban than minh. Van phdng ao giup mang lai can bang giua cdng vide va cudc sdng lao ra mdi tmdng va rinh thin lam viec tdt hon. Gia thuydt H3 dugc de nghi:
H3: Cdn bdng cong viec vd cuoc song cua ngudi ldm viec tir xa co tdc dong thugn chieu den y dinh thue van phong do.
- Ung dung cong nghe: Sy phat tridn nhanh ciia cdng nghe da tao xu hudng mdi, thdi quen mdi va phong each lam vide mdi. Kha nang kdt ndi khdng day ctia laptop giup nhan vidn cd thd lam vide tai bat ki nai nao hp cam thay thuan tien. Cimg vdi su phu sdng rdng ciia mang di ddng d§ gdp phan hd trg rit Idn cho vide quan Ii cdng vide ciia nhirng ngudi lam viec tir xa. LTng dyng cdng nghd la mdt trong nhimg nhan td tac ddng quyet dinh ddn vide chgn lam vide trong van phdng ao. Gia thuydt H4 dugc Ac nghi:
H4: Ifng dung cdng nghe cita nguai ldm viec tie xa co tdc dong ciing chieu den y dinh thue vdn phong do.
- Vi tri: Dia chi giao dich kinh doanh thuan tidn, nam d tmng tam thanh phd la mdt nhan td ma cae doanh nghidp nhd va vira se xem xet khi chon thue van phdng ao. Nhan td nay dugc phat hidn khi phdng van true tidp khach hang. Gia thuydt Hs dugc dd nghi:
H5: Vi tri cita vdn phong cho thue co tdc dong cung chieu den y dinh thue vdn phdng do.
Cac thang do cua nhan td su linh hoat, cdng bang cdng vide va cudc sdng, img dung cdng nghd dua trdn ca sd Ii thuyet ciia Hill & cdng sy (1998), Raghuram & cgng sy (2001), va Qurashi (2010). Thang do y dinh thue van phdng ao dupc didu chinh dua tren thang do y dmh sir dung cua Davis (1989). Thang do chi phi va vi tri dugc phat tridn dua trdn kdt qua phdng vin. Kdt qua nghien ciru sa bg cho thay cac khai nidm nghidn ciiu ro rang, day dii va de hidu, thang do cac khai nidm nghidn ciiu dugc thd hidn tai Bang 1. Ket qua nay giiip dinh hudng'cho vide xay dung bang cau hdi nghien cuu dinh lugng. Bang cau hdi djnh lugng gdm cd 21 bidn quan sat dugc do ludng bing thang do Likerts 5 didm (I: Hoan toan khdng ddng y; 5: Hoan toan ddng y).
120 I Bin Thanh Trang I 114-127
Bang 1. Thang do cac khai niem nghien ciru Cac bien quan s Linh hoat
FLI Lam viec tir xa, toi co the tiiy y chon vi tri Iam viec
Lam viec tiJ xa, toi co the lam viec tai nha, quan ca phe, hoac thu vien FL2 Lam viec tir xa, toi co the tu sip xep then gian lam viec theo y minh FL3 Lam viec tir xa, toi co th^ k^t thiic then gian !am viec sdm hay muon la do minh tu
quyet djnh
FL4 Lam viec tir xa, toi co the hnh hoat trong viec gap go, tiep xiic khach hang Chi phi
COI Thue van phong ao se giam chi phi dau tu van phong va trang thiet bj C02 Chi phi thue van phong ao thap hon so vdi van phong truyen thong C03 Gia thue van phong ao phu hop voi doanh nghiep nho va vira Can bang cdng viec va cufic s^ng
WLl Lam viec tir xa, c6 the Iam mcr ranh gioi giiia cong viec va cuoc song WL2 Lam viec tir xa, toi co thoi gian cho ban than nhieu hon (thu gian, gap ban be, doc
sach. .)
WL3 Lam viec tir xa, toi co the sap xep thdi gian dinh cho gia dinh (noi tVQ, cham soc nha cua, cham soc con cai...)
WL4 Lam viec tii xa Iam tang moi quan he vdi cac thanh vien trong gia dinh Cong nghe
TEl Su dung cong nghS Intemet, toi de dang k^t n6i lien lac khi lam viec tir xa TE2 Lam viec tir xa, toi quan li duoc cong viec khi sii dung cong nghe k^t n6i wifi TE3 Cong nghe Intemet phat trien nhanh giiip toi thuan tien khi Iam viec tir xa TE4 Ung dung cong nghe khuyen khich toi su dung van phong ao Vitri '
LOI Toi chi thue van phong ao co dja chi giao dich thuan tien, o khu vyc trung tam L02 Toi thich thue van phong ao co vj tri de dang tiep can khach hang
Phattrien Kinh ta284 (06/2014)1 121
L03 Toi thich thue van phong ao tai noi co phong hop sang trpng, tien nghi Y dinh thue
VII Toi du djnh thue van phong ao trong thdi gian tdi VI2 Toi se tiep tuc thu6 van phong ao khi hgp dong thue het han
VI3 T6i CO kha nang thue v5n phong truyen thong nhung thue van phong ao la lira chon ma t6i thich
Nguon: Khao sat ciia tac gia
Nghien eiiu chinh thiic thong qua phuang phap dinh lugng nham sang Igc cae bidn quan sat, xac dinh dp tin cay va gia trj ciia thang do, kidm dinh md hiiiti va cac gia thuyet. Thuc hien nghien cihi trong giai doan nay tir thing 09/2013 - 11/2013, tac gia ket hgp vdi Cdng ty GIBC (Global Intergration Business Consultants) thdng qua hinh thiic khao sat tryc tuydn. MSu nghien cuu dugc thuc hidn bang phuang phap thuan tidn, lya chgn khao sat 1.000 doanh nghiep nhd va vira, chu ydu la doanh nghidp kinh doanh thuang mai, quang cao, tidp thi va du lich. Vdi tdng sd bang cau hdi thu vd dat yen ciu la 241, dap vien tham gia tra Idi la chu cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira. Sd mau thu thap, ed ti Id nam chidm 61%; nii 39%. Dp tudi tii' 22-30 chidm 56%, Udn 30 - 40 la 37%, va do tudi trdn 40 chidm ti Id nhd 7%. Nganh nghd hoat dpng, trong dd thuang mai bao gdm ca kinh doanh tryc riiydn chidm ti Id ldn 41%, riep theo quang cao va tidp thj la 26%, djch vu du Ijch la 23%, tu vin kinh doanh 6%, va cac nganh khac chiem ti le nhd 4%>. Xet vd quy md doanh nghiep theo vdn dau tu, doanh nghidp cd von nhd hon 0,5 ti ddng chidm 48,2%, doanh nghidp cd von tir 0,5 ti den dudi 1 ti ddng chidm 31,2%, doanh nghiep ed vdn tir 1 ti ddn 5 ri ddng chidm 20,6%.
4. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
4.1. Danh gia thang do bang he s6 tin cay Cronback's Alpha va phan tich nhan to EFA
Danh gia dp tin c^y thang do cac nhan td tac ddng den y djnh thud van phdng ao dugc thuc hien thdng qua hd sd rin cay Cronbach's Alpha. Kdt qua phan tich tai Bang 2 cho thiy cac thang do ciia eac nhan td ddu cd he so Cronbach's Alpha ciia cac bidn dao ddng trong khoang tir 0,7187 - 0,8635 va cac he sd tuong quan bidn tdng ciia cae thang do ddu ldn hon 0,3 ndn tit ea eac thang do ciia cac nhan td ddu dat dd tin cay (Nunnally & Bumstein 1994).
122 I Bin Thanh Trang I 1 1 4 - 1 2 7
Bang 2. Ket qua he sd Cronbach's Alpha ciia cac thang do , , He so tu-ffng So bien Cronbach's ' , .t i Thang do . , ^, . quan bien tong
" quan sat Alpba -
Linh hoat (FL) Chi phi (CO)
Cong bang cong viec va cuoc song Ung dung cong nghe (TE) Vi tri (LO)
Y dinh thue van pliong ao (VI) (WL)
4 3 4 4 3 3
0,7187 0,7613 0,8635 0,7524 0,8218 0,8372
0,564 0,694 0,584 0,663 0,752 0,641 Nguon: Ket qua kiem dinh thang do tir so lieu dieu tra
Vdi 21 bidn quan sat dat dp tin cay dugc tien hanh dua vao phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA. Theo Gerbing & Andersen (1998), phan tieh nhan td kham pha vdi phep trich he sd su dung la Principal Axis Factoring, phep xoay la Promax, thang do dugc chap nhan vdi he sd tai nhan td phai Idn hon 0,5 va tdng phuong sai trich bang hoac ldn hon 50%). Ket qua phan tich EFA lan thii nhat cda 5 nhan td thudc cac bien ddc lap, cd 1 bidn quan sat cd he sd tai nhan td nhd hem 0,5 (WL4: 0,315) bi loai. Tidp tuc thuc hidn phan tich EFA lan thii hai, kdt qua phan tich tai Bang 3 eho thay 5 thanh phan dugc trieh tai gia tri Eigen la 1,263 va phuong sai trich la 62,89%) Idn hem 50%, cac bidn quan sat deu cd he sd tai nhan td Idn hon 0,5 nen dat yeu cau. Ddng thdi thuc hidn phan tich nhan td EFA cho khai nidm y djnh thud van phdng ao vdi 3 bien quan sat deu cd he sdtai nhan td Idn han 0,5 (VII; 0,723; VI2: 0,815; v a V I 3 : 0,675), gia trj Eigen la 2,415 va phuong sai trich la 68,46%. Nhu vay, cac thang do cac khai niem dugc chap nhan va dam bao dp tin cay va duge su dung cho phan tieh hdi quy tuydn tinh bdi.
Bang 3. Phan tich nhSn td EFA Bien quan sat Nhan to
1 2 3 4 5 FLI 0,735
FL2 0,721 FL3 0,613 FL4 0.574
Phat trien Kinh te 284 (06/2014) I 123
C02 C 0 3 WLl WL2 WL3
0,845 0,683
0.803 0,817 0,723 TEl
TE2 TE3 TE4
0,872 0,756 0,781 0,822 LOI
L02 L03 Gia tri Eigen Phucmg sai trich (%)
9,321 34,665
3,245 11,229
2,03274 7,273
1,452 5,147
0,714 0,863 0,647 1,263 4,586 Ngudn' Ket qua kiem dinh thang do tir so lieu dieu Ira
4,2. Phan tich hdi quy tuyen tinh hoi
Phan tich he sd tuang quan nham xem xet mdi quan he chat che giira hai hay nhidu bien quan sat vdi gia tri tuyet doi cua he sd tuang quan bang 1 thd hidn mdi tuong quan kha chat che. Ndu he sd tuong quan thap hon 0,85 chung td cd gia tri phan biet tdn tai giiia hai bidn (John & Benet-Martinez, 2000). Kdt qua ma tran he sd tuong quan d Bang 4 cd mue y nghta a < 0,05 va cac he sd tuang quan giOa cac bidn dao ddng trong khoang tir 0,312 - 0,753 (thap hon chi sd didu kidn: 0,85) cho thay 5 bidn dpc lap cd mdi tucmg quan tuyen tinh kha chat che vdi bidn phu thudc la y dinh thud van phdng ao. Nhu vay, cac khai nidm nghien ciiu: Linh hoat, chi phi, can bang cdng vide va cudc sdng, ling dung cdng nghd, va vi tri cd dugc gia trj phan bidt, nghTa la tat ca cac thang do Uong kdt qua nghien ciiu da do ludng dugc cac khai mdm nghien ciiu khac nhau nen dugc dua vao phan tich hdi quy.
Bang 4. Ma tran tircng quan giua cac thanh phan
FL CO WL TE LO VI Linh hoat (FL) 1.
Chi phi (CO)
Cong bang cong viec va cuoc s6ng (WL)
LTng dung cong nghe (TE)
0,312"
1,000 0 , 5 4 1 "
0,436**
1,000 0,473**
0,325**
0 , 5 4 3 "
0,571**
0,617"
0,475**
0.592' 0,753' 0,635'
124 I Biii Thanh Trang | 114 - 127
Vitri(LO) "'000 0,612- t djnh thue van phong ao (VI) • "'000 Ghi chii: ** Tuong quan Spearaan's Rho coy nghia thong ke o mirc p < 0,01, n =241 Ngudn: K^t qua phan tich tuong quan tir so lieu dieu tra.
Phan tich hdi quy tuydn tinh bdi vd mdi quan he giua cac nhan td tac dpng den y dinh thue van phdng ao dugc thd hien tai Bang 5 cd he sd xac dinh R^ dieu chinh la 0,613; cd nghTa la md hinh hdi quy tuydn tinh bdi da xay dung phii hgp vdi tap du lieu dat miic 61,30%, va phan tich phuang sai cd gia Uj kidm dinh F=132,265. Ridng nhan td can bang cdng vide va cudc sdng (WL) bi Ioai ra khdi phuang trinh hdi quy do cd Sig. = 0,125 > 0,05, cdn Iai 4 nhSn td vdi miic y nghta Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05, didu nay dam bao y nghTa vd mat thdng kd, chdng td md hinh hoi quy nay phu hgp vdi tap dt lieu va dam bao do tm cay. Md hinh mdi tucmg quan hdi quy tuydn linh bdi cac nhan td dugc bidu thi thdng qua cac he sd hdi quy chua ehuan hda cua eae bidn ddc lap tac ddng ciing chieu ddn bidn phu thude theo thii tu tii cao ddn thap la: Chi phi (|i=0,395);
Vi tri (p=0,3I7); Su linh hoat (p=0,281); va Cdng nghe (p-0,I52). Ket qua ciia Bang 5 cho thiy he sd dp chdp nhan (Tolerance) thap tir 0,529 - 0,798 va gia trj VIF tir 1,842 - 2,879 (nhd han 10), nhu vay khdng xay ra hidn tugng da cdng tuydn va khdng cd moi tuong quan chat che giUa cac bidn ddc lap (Belsley & cpng su, 1993). Kdt qua phan tich chi ra md hinh hdi quy phii hop vdi cac dir lieu va cac bidn cd y nghTa vd mat thdng ke vdi mirc y nghTa 5%; do dd cac gia thuyet H], H2, H4 va H5 ddu dugc chap nhin.
Nhan td can bang edng vide va eude sdng bi Ioai bd cd thd dupe li giai la do nhiing ngudi lam vide tir xa khdng thd tach bach edng vide va cudc sdng, khd do ludng thdi gian Iam vide va thdi gian danh cho ca nhan va gia dinh bdi vi hp cd the lam vide budi tdi, hoac ngay ca khi di chcri ciing gia dinh. Do vay, nhirng ngudi lam vide tii xa khdng nghT rang mdi trudng van phdng ao cd the can bang cdng vide va cudc sdng.
Phat trien Kinh te 284 (06/2014) | 125
Bang 5. Tom tat ket qua mo hinh hoi quy tuomg quan bdi
Mo hinh
Linh hoat (FL) Chi phi (CO)
Cong bang cong viec va cupc song (WL)
LTng dung cong nghe Vi tri (LO)
(TE)
He so hoi quy chira chuan hoa
B
0,281 0,395 0,176 0,152 0,317
S a i s S chuan 0,047 0,056 0,032 0,042 0,041
He so hSi quy chuan
hoa 0,367 0,283 0,128 0,126 0,205
Gia tri t
6,384 7,154 6,431 4,884 6,865
M i i c y nghia (Sig.)
0,000 0,000 0,125 0,009 0,000
Da conj Bo chap nhan 0,692 0,741 0,529 0,798 0,683
Ituyen
VIF
2,879 2,067 2,406 1,842 2,108 R^diau chinh = 0,613 Gia trj F= 132,265 Muc y nghTa ciia Sig. = 0,000 Ngudn- K6t qua phan tich h6i quy tir so lieu dieu tra
5. KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TRI
K6t qua nghien ctiu da chi ra b6n nhan t6 tac dong den y dinh thue van phong ao:
(I) Chi phi; (2) Vj tri; (3) Sir linh hoat; va (4) LTng dung cong nghe. Trong do, nhan t5 chi phi CO he s6 h6i quy cao nhJt, diSu nay chiing to cac doanh nghiep nho va vira co y djnh sil dung van phong ao nhSm ti6t Ici6m chi phi dau tir van phong va chi phi thue hang thang so vai ihu tu van phong truydn th6ng. Ke den la nhan to vj tri dugc xem la kha quan trong, cac doanh nghiep mu6n thue van phong ao tai nhiing vi tri trung tam, thuan tien cho giao dich Icinh doanh, noi co nhiing trang thiet bi tien nghi. Khi su' dung van phong ao, co the lam viec tai nha va co thi sii dung djch vu nhu 16 tan va phong hpp ii tao nen hinh anh chuyen nghiep cho van phong. Nhan t6 linh hoat gjn lien voi van phong ao, nguai lam viec tu xa se rSt linh hoat vi noi lam viec, co thS lam viec tai nha, quan ca phe, hoac bit ki noi dau thuan tien, va linh hoat vi thai gian lam viec, gap g9 khach hang. Cu8i cung nhan t6 ling dung cong nghe cflng dugc xem xet den nhung mtic dp khong cao.
Do tinh dac t h i ctia kinh ti va van hoa nen kft qua nghien ciiu cac nhan to tac dpng iin y djnh thue van phong ao tai TP.HCM co khac so voi mo hinh nghien ciiu cua Hill
& cong sir (1998), cac nhan t6 nhu nang sudt, thai gian lam viec, can bang cong viec
126 I Bui Thanh Trang ( 114 - 127
va cudc sdng khdng bao gdm trong kdt qua nay. Ket qua nghien ciiu da ggi len mdt sd kidn nghi ma eac don vi kinh doanh cho thud van phdng ao tai TP.HCM ndn xem xet dd thu hut cac doanh nghidp nhd va vira thud loai hinh nay:
Thli nhdt, ndn dua ra cac gdi djch vu da dang bao gdm nhiing dich vu eo ban va djch vu cpng them vdi mgt chinh saeh gia Imh boat, canh tranh va phu hgp cho timg ddi tugng. Chang han, ddi vdi dich vu ca ban bao gdm dich vu nhu sii dung dia chi de dang ki kinh doanh va giao dich vdi khach hang; bd phan Id tan phai that su chuydn nghidp thd hidn qua each thiic ddn tidp va giao tiep vdi khach hang; ed khu vue tiep khach chung, trong do can cd vi tri dugc bd tri theo khdng gian ridng de khach hang cam nhan cd thd giao dich vdi ddi tac cua hg ma khdng bi tac ddng bdi trong khu vuc cdng cpng; cd dich vu truy cap Intemet tdc dp cao vdi dudng truyen cap quang dn dinh va quay nudc phuc vu midn phi nhu tra, cafe, nudc uong v.v.. Doanh nghidp eho thud van phdng ao nen xem xet chi phi ctia gdi dieh vu co ban d mij'c thdp nhdt, khdng dat muc tieu lgi nhuan ma chu ydu dd thu hut khach hang. Ben canh dd, ckn tap trung vao khai thac dich vu cpng thdm de tang doanh thu va lgi nhuan, dieh vu nay dugc xem la yeu td mang tinh canh tranh dd phat tnen ben vung. Dieh vu cgng thdm edn da dang nhu dich vu van phdng chuydn phat thu tir, bim pham, phdng hgp, dang ki gidy phep kinh doanh, djch vu vien thdng.
Thir hai, vi tri van phdng la nhan td kha quan trpng khi kinh doanh eho thud van phdng ao, bdi vi ddi vdi doanh nghidp nhd va vira khi thud van phdng ao, day chitih la van phdng dai didn cua doanh nghiep, la hinh anh eua doanh nghiep. Do vay, chpn lua vj tri dd khai thac dich vu cho thud van phdng ao la mdt trong nh&ng ydu td quydt dinh su thanh cdng. Vi tri van phdng nen dugc dat tai cae quan trung tam cua TP.HCM noi cd nhidu doanh nghiep hoat dpng nhu quan 1, 3, 7, Phu Nhuan, Binh Thanh, tai nhung noi giao thdng thuan tien va de tidp can.
Thu ba, sy linh hoat la nhan td cd tac ddng ddn y djnh thue van phdng ao cua doanh nghiep. Su linh hoat la dac tinh hdp dan eiia van phdng ao, nhirng ngudi Iam vide tir xa thudng gan lien vdi tinh linh hoat ve dja diem, thdi gian Iam vide, giao dich vdi khach hang. Khai thac nhan to linh boat vd thdi gian thi eae doanh nghidp kinh doanh cho thud van phdng ao ndn keo dai thdi gian md cira ngoai gid hanh chinh cua cac ngay trong man hi thu 2 ddn thu 6, va md ciia phuc vu vao ngay thu 7 va chu nhat dd khach hang cd the linh dgng Iam vide. Su Iinh boat vd dja didm ddi hdi cac don vi cho thud van phdng ao ndn cd nhieu chi nhanh tai cac quan trong TP.HCM, hoae tai eac thanh
Phat trien Kinh te 284 (06/2014) | 127
phd n h u H a N d i , D a N i n g dd k h a c h h a n g cd thd cd n h i e u v a n p h d n g tidp k h a c h d d n g nhat c u n g m d t h e t h o n g B
Tai lieu t h a m k h a o
Azjen, I. (1991), "The Theory of Planned Behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior, Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E. & Welsch, R. E. (1980), Regression Diagnostics. Identifying Influential Data and Sources ofCollinearity. New York: Wiley
Davis, F. D. (1989), "Perceived Useftilness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology", MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.
Davenport, T. H., & K. Pearlson (1998), "Two Cheers for the Virtual Office", ProQuesI Central, 53-154.
Gerbing, W. D., & Anderson, J. C. (1988), "An Update Paradigm for scale Development Incorperating Unidimensionality and its Assessements", Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 186-192.
Gregory, R. (1990), Intelligent Office, truy cap ngay 06/11/2013 tir
<http://bniembarcadero com/intelIigent-office>
Hair et al., (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice- Hall International, Inc.
Hill, E. J., Miller, B. C Weiner, S. P., & Colihan, J. (1998), "Influences of the Virtual Office on Aspects of Work and Work/Life Balance", Personnel Psychology, 3, 667-684.
John, O.P., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2000), "Measurement: Reliability, Construct Vahdtion, and Scale Construction", In H.T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds), Handbook of Research Methods in Social Psychology, 33-369, New York:Cambridge University Press.
Kurland, N. B., & Egan, T. D. (1999), "Telecommuting: Justice and Control m the Virtual Organization", Organization Science, 10, 500-513.
Nunnally.J., & 1. H. Bernstein (1994), Psychometric Theory, McGraw- Hill, New York.
Qurashi, A (2010), "The Era of the Virtual Office", MSc Dissertation Aberdeen Business School.
Raghuram, S., R. Garudb, tJ. Wiesenfeldb & V. Gupta (2001), "Factors Contributing to Virtual Work Adi\lstment",Journal of Management, 27, 383-405.
Ragins, B. R. (1997), "Diversified Mentoring Relationships in Organizations. A Power Perspective", Academy of Management Review, 22, 482-521.
