TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - SO 18 - T R U - Q N G SAI HOC PHAM V A N B O N G
AP DUNG MO HINH B-LEARNING VAO DAY HQC VA KIEM TRA ~ DANH GIA NHAM PHAT TRIEN NANG LlTC TU" HOC CUA HQC SINH
ThS. Nguyin Kim Ddo*, Nguyin Cdng Chung*
TOM TAT
Trong boi cdnh doi m&i gido due hien nay, nhdt Id khi Chuang trinh Gido due phd thong mai dugc triin khai trin diin rdng tgi cdc tru&ng pho thdng trong cd nu&c; ddi mai hinh thirc kiem tra, ddnh gid hpc sinh ldm mpt trong nhirng vdn di dugc rdt nhiiu nhd nghien ciru gido di^e vd cdc thdy co gido quan tdm Su thay doi vi npi dung va hinh thuc kiem tra, ddnh gid co y nghia quan trpng giiip hge hpc sinh phdt huy duac cdc ndng luc, trong do co ndng luc tu hge. Bdi viit ndy di cap din viie dp dung mo hinh B- leaming vdo dgy hgc vd kiim tra ddnh gid nham phdt triin ndng lue tu hpe eho hgc sinh trong dgy hpc Vdt li.
Tir khoa: Md hinh B-Leaming ddi mdi, kiem tra - danh gia, nang luc ty hpc 1. Mo hinh B-learning
1.1. Khdi qudt vi jno hinh B-learning
Md hinh Blended leaming (B-Ieaming) la mdt sy kit hgp va hd trg lan nhau giiJa hinh thiic day hpc truyin thdng mat ddi mat (face to face, F2F) va day hpc hien d^i E- learaing. Md hinh B-leaming (BL) gdp phan Iam hien dai hda qua trinh day va bpe, giiip ngudi hgc eo tinh chii dpng, linh boat trong sudt qua trinh bpe tap, ngudi hgc cd thi theo ddi va hoan thanh bai hgc cua minh d mpi liic, moi nai.
Sy ra ddi cua md hinh B-Ieammg dem lai xu budng hpc tap md, vira kit hpp giao due hi^n dai E-leaming vira giu lai net day hpc truyin thdng (F2F), ngudi hpc se cd nhilu khdng gian hpc tap hem: tren ldp, tren mang, tren sach vd... Iai dupe chii ddng thdi gian hpc va ren luyen, ty nghien cuu nhilu ban. Md hinh B-leammg cung giup eho ngudi hgc cahpi dupe giai dap thic mic, khd khan qua cac diln dan trao ddi online ciing giao vien hoac cin sy trg giiip thi viec hoc theo kiiu F2F lai la e ^ b d ^ ung hieu qua cho viec day hgc theo md hinh B-leaming.
Tir viec thuc hien cac boat ddng theo yeu ciu ciia bai hpc Udn B-Ieaming, giao vien CO thi theo doi tiln trinh boat ddng ciia ngudi hpc, su tuang tac, boan thanh eae bai tap tryc tuyIn va kit qua danh gia true tuyIn la ca sd dl giao vien ghi nhan kha nang tiep thu ciia ngudi hpc hien dang d miic do nao d l cd thi trao ddi, hudng din ngudi hpc Iryc tiep khi gap trdn ldp. Qua do, vdi mdi ldp hpc cd trinh do nhan thdc khac nhau, ngudi giao vien se cd mot phuang pbap day hpc phii hgp cho doi tugng dd dya tren ca sd cac bai tap va kilm tra true tuyIn ma ngudi hpc da hoan thanh.
Hi?n nay, nhilu trudng hpc vin dang ap dyng hinh thiic hpc tap tryc tuyen E- learaing la hinh thiic dao tao va hpc tap hien dai. Tuy nhien, E-Ieaming lai gap mdt so kho khan nhit djnh nhu phy thupc nhilu vao ca sd vat chit ciia dan vi, y thiic ty giac ciia
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ngudi hpc, trinh dp ly luan, chuyen mdn ciia mot tap thi tac gia xay dung nen chuang Uinh hpc va quan Upng hon hit la kit qua ngudi hpc nhan dugc gi sau kbi ket thuc khoa hpc ma thilu ving ngudi thiy. Vdi nhung bai hpc cd khai niem uuu tupng, khd hieu thi viec yao ddi true tilp (F2F) lai giai quylt tdt vin dl ndi uen, tir dd ta cd the thay rang md hinh B-learamg ra ddi la mdt sy kit hgp tdi uu nhit cho md hinh hpc tap tryc tuyen E- leamuig va day hpc tmyen thdng.
1.2. Cdu true B-Learning
B-leaming la su kit hgp giira hinh thiic hpc Uen ldp (gdm: bai giang, thao luan, bai tap, tai lieu hudng din, tai lieu lien quan tdi mdn hpc, phong thi nghiem) va hpc true tuyIn (gdm: khao sat true tuyIn, thu dien bJ, thao luan qua mang, dien dan tren mang, truyen thdng da phuong tifn, tai lieu trdn mang, ty kiem tra).
Md binh tdng thi B-learaing cd thi bao gora nhilu hinh thirc vdi cac cdng cu hpc tap lien quan din nhilu ylu td ciu thanb nbu: nhu ciu va muc tieu hpc tap, khdng gian thuc ao phdi hop cac phin mim, nhip dp ty hpc dua tren web, phuong phap kiem tra - danh gia, dac diem cua ngudi hpc, dia dilm va cpng ddng ngudi hpc, kha nang hd trp ciia he thdng di?n tii duge nhiing trong mdi trudng hpc tap, nhiem vu va kien thirc cua be thdng quan ly.
1.3. Kiim tra - ddnh gid theo B-leaming
Kiem tra - danh gia la giai doan cudi ciing trong mdt qua trinh day hpc ndi chung va day hpc Vat Ii ndi rieng. Thdng qua dd kip thdi dilu chinh, nit kinb ngbidm cho cae qua trinh ve sau. Qua trinh tu dn tap, cung cd kien thiic mdn Vat II theo md hinh B- leaming can phai dupe kiem tra va danh gia mdt each nghiem tuc, nham xac dinh sy diing dan va chinh xae ciia nhiing thdng tin da thu nhan dugc.
• Kiem tra viec ty dn tap, ciing cd de xem vide thyc hien tu dn t|p, eung ed da dung quy trinh va phuang phap chua, ndi dung thu hoach dugc trong qua trinh ty hpc cd tdt khdng dl GV kip thdi dilu chinh giup HS. Viec kiem tra nhim danh gia va phat triln nang Iuc cho hoc sinb thyc hien qua 4 budc nhu sau:
+ Bude 1: Xac dinh muc dicb kiSm tra.
+ Budc 2: Xac dinb ndi dung kiem tra: tbdng tm, kiln thiic ma hoc sinh da Imh hpi va tiln trinh thyc bien, cac giai doan, cac budc.
-I- Budc 3: Tien tnnh kiem tra
^- Budc 4; Ket luan sau kiem tra.
• Danh gia: thudng dugc tiln hanh dya yen kit qua kilm tra va dugc tiln hanh qua 3 budc:
+ Budc 1: So vdi kl hoach vl tiln dp ty hpc va kit qua linh hpi tri thiic, kT nang, thai dp.
+ Budc 2: Phan tieh nhirng tdn t^i, nguyen nhan va each khic phyc.
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+ Budc 3: De xuat nbiem vu mdi.
Sau khi cd kit qua ph^n tich, danh gia dugc nang lyc ciia hgc sinh, giao vien tbdng bao ket qua va dua ra nhan xet cho hpc sinh hoac d miic dp cao hem, cac hpc sinh ty nhan xet bai ciia nhau. Giao vien thu nhan thdng tin phan hdi tir hpc sinh dk cd dilu chinh phii hgp hon cho nhirng bai hpc sau. Song song do, hpe sinh dua ra nhiing dilu chinh cho phii hop vdi hogt ddng hpc cua minh tu nhung ket qua danh gia cua giao vien.
2. Nang lyx va nang luc t u hoc
• Nang luc
Nang lire la mpt pham trii timg dugc ban din trong mpi ITnh vuc ciia eude sdng, xa hpi va cd rit nhieu dinh nghTa khac nhau dudi gdc dp Xa hdi hpc, Trilt hpc, Tam ly hpc, Giao dye hpc va Kinh t l hpc.
Theo tijt dien Tidng Viet, "Nang lyc la kha nang, dilu kien chu quan boae ty nhien san cd dl thyc hien mgt hanh dpng nao do. Nang lyc la phim chat tam ly va sinh ly tao cho con ngudi kha nang hoan thanh mpt loai boat ddng nao dd vdi chat lupng cao" [1; tr 660-661].
Tbeo Tran Trpng Thiiy va Nguyen Quang Uan: 'Ndng lue la long hpp nhirng thupc tinh dpe ddo cua ed nhdn phii hap v&i nhirng yiu edu dgc trung cua mot hoat dpng nhdt dinh, nhdm ddm bdo viec hodn thdnh cd kit qud tot trong linh vuc hogt dpng dy " [2, tr.l8-I9].
Theo Dang Thanh Hung: "Ndng lue Id thuge tinh ed nhdn cho phep ed nhdn thue hiin thdnh cdng hogt dgng nhdt dinh, dgt kit qud mong muon trong nhUng dieu kiin eu thi"[Z].
Nhu vay, ta cd thi thiy ring nang lyc la tdng hgp cac dac diem, thupc tinb tam ly ciia ca nhSn phii hgp vdi yeu ciu dac trung ciia mot boat ddng, nhat dinh nham dam bao cho hoat dpng dd dat hidu qua cao.
• Nang luc tu hoc
Theo Nguyin Canh Toan "Ndng luc tu hpc dugc hiiu Id mot thuge tinh ky ndng rdt phirc hgp. No hao gdm ky ndng vd ki xdo edn gdn bo v&i dpng ca vd thoi quen tuang mg idm cho ngu&i hgc co the dap ung duge nhung yeu edu md cdng viie dgt ra" ,
"Ndng luc tir hpc la sy: tich hgp tdng thi cdch hpe vd ky ndng tdc dpng den npi dung trong hdng logt tinh hudng - vdn di khde nhau " [4].
Vgy ta cd thi nhgn dinh ring nang lyc ty hpc cua hpc sinh cd thi hieu la kha nang ty thu nhan tri thuc va van dung nd mpt each hieu qua trong boat ddng hpc tap. Hpc sinh the hi?n khi nang lam chu qua trinh hpc tap, nim virng h? thdng kiln thirc, kT nang, thai dp, dinh hudng nang luc va kit ndi ehiing mot each hpp li trong viec thye hien nhiem vu hoc tap va van dung kiln thirc dl giai quylt hieu qua cac vin dl dat ra. Mpt sd bieu hien nang lyc tf hpc cua hpc smh nhu:
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- Cd kba nang nhan thirc va tu duy trong hpc tap;
- Cd kha nang thu thap thdng tin tir cac ngudn khac nhau, xu Ii danh gia, trinb bay theo each hieu biet rieng cua ban than;
- Cd kha nang ghi nhd cac kiln thiic va van dung chung trong viec giai quyet cac van de hpc tap mdi;
- Cd kha nang hgp tac va lam viec nhdm, ling nghe va giai quylt mpi xung dot, the hien trach nhiem ciia ban than trong giai quyet van de hpc tap;
- Ty danh gia nhimg mat manh va ylu va xay dyng ke hoac hpc tap phii hgp vdi timg bai hoc, timg giai doan hpc tap.
3. Vai tro ciia B-Learning trong kilm tra - danh gia phat trien nang Itrc tu hpc cho hpc sinh
Md hinh B-leaming la mdt md hinh giao due hien dai, giiip ich cho ngudi bpe su ebu ddng chiem linh tri thiic vdi khdng gian md va chu dpng ve thdi gian hpc tap. Ciing gidng nhu viec tim hieu kien thiic mdi d mdi don vi bai hpc, ngudi bpe cd the tra cuu, tun tdi, tham khao them nhimg tai lieu, tu lieu ca nhan khac tren mang dk lam vung chac kien thiie cho ban than. Hoat ddng kilm tra, danh gia tren md hinh B-leaming ciing dugc ap dyng vdi hinh thiic tuong tu, hoc sinh se dupc Iam quen cac vi du mau, ty hoan thanh cac vi du tuong tu rdi khi da hieu va tbdng thao se lam cac bai kiem tra tir quy md nhd den Idn theo ndi dung ciia mpt bai hpc den tdng ket mdt chuong, qua do hpc sinh se cd cai nhin bao quat kien thiic minh da hpc qua va dugc cung cd Iai. Day la bude khao nghiem sy ghi nhd bai hgc ciia hpc sinh, sy nam vung kien thiic tdi dau.
Vdi hinh thiic day hgc theo B-learaing nay, ngudi hgc cd ca bdi ty ren luyen nhieu lan ban thdng qua he thdng bai tgp, bai kiem tra tryc tuyen duge lya chpn nglu nhien phii hgp vdi ndi dung bai hpc ciia hpc sinh. Sau mdi lin lam bai, he thong se bao ldi cho hpc sinb biet sai chd nao, dua ra dap an chinh xae cho bai lam do. Kit qua bai lam dugc bilu thi di^rn danh gia eho thiy mirc dp nhan thiic va hilu bai ciia hpc sinh dl tir do cd ddng luc chan chinb va thay doi phuang phap hgc.
Kit qua hgc tap va kilm tra eua hpc sinh ciing dugc bao vl cho giao vien qua thu dien tu, dua tren cac phan tich sd lieu ve ket qua, giao vien cd thi dinh gia chit Iugng tu hgc ciia hpc sinh tdi dau de cd bien phap xii ly kip thdi nhu ddng vien, nhic nhd hoac phe binh ddi vdi nhimg hpc sinh la la, ludi biing hpc tgp. Kit qua sau cac bai kiem tra cung giiip nhilu cho vi^c dinh hudng phuong phap giang day khi hpc giap mat tai Idp, giao vien can nhan manh diem sal sdt va chi ra diem ylu ciia hpc sinh khi lam bai hoac tilp nhgn bai hoc true tuyen, cd the sira ehira hoac ren luyen them cho hpc sinh sau cac bai kilm bra tren B-leaming.
Thdng qua kit qua cac bai kiem tra, giao vien cin ddng vien hgc sinh phat huy tinh ty hpc, trau ddi kiln thdc bang viec tra eiiu, tim hilu bai hpc tren mang qua nhirng website, video clip thi nghiem... de gia cd them phin kiln thiic minh chua tbdng hidu.
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TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C Q N G NGHg - S 6 18 - T R U ' O N G BAI HQC PHAM VAN B O N G
Khi da trau doi kJ han cd thi quay Iai lam nhirng bai kilm tra xem kha nang ty tilp thu ciia minh da nang dugc muc dp nao, tien bp ban tdi dau dl tilp tuc phat huy tilp.
4. Noi dung thuc hien
- Mpt sd bai thupc chuong trinh Vat li ldp 9.
- Website day hpc theo B-leaming dugc cu tbi hda qua mdt sd bai cua chuang trinh Vatlildp9.
- HS ldp 9 d mdt s6 tmdng THCS tren dia ban quan Binh Tan TP.HCM. Trong do, chiing tdi chpn ldp nhiing ldp cd ty le gan ngang nhau lam thyc nghiem va ddi chirng.
- Website day hpc theo md hinh B-leaming dugc cu thi boa qua phin "Dien hpc"
ciia ldp 9 chuong trinh THCS.
- HS Idp 9 cua trudng THCS Tran Quoe Toan dugc tien banh vao cudi thing 9 nam 2016 den Ibang 4 nam 2018. Vi mdt sd ly do nen tac gia khdng cd dilu kien dl thuc nghiem nhieu ma chi cd the thue nghiem thdng qua cac bai day ciia ndi dung tren.
5. Ket qua thuc hien
Trong khudn khd thyc hidn nghien ciru ctia rainh, chiing tdi da triln kbai thyc n ^ e m hai vong dpe lap va da thu dugc cac kit qua kba quan.
* Thuc nghiem vdng 1; dugc thyc hidn tir thang 9/2016 din thang 3/2017 tai trudng THCS Trin Qudc Toan, quan Binh Tan, TPHCM.
- Doi vdi cac ldp TN (sd lugng HS 80): GV td chiic tiln trinh dgy hpc vdi website day hpc Vat li theo B-leaming. Cu thi la tien hanh day hgc cac bai giang dien tii da thiet ke trong website ciia phan "Dien hpc".
- Ci cac ldp DC (sd lugng HS 80): GV thyc hien cac bai giang tren theo each day tmyIn thdng.
* Thyc nghiem vdng 2: dugc thuc hien tir thang 9/2017 den thang 3/2018 tai tnrdng THCS TrSn Qudc Toan, quan Binh Tan, TPHCM.
- D3i vdi cac ldp TN (sd lugng HS 80): GV td chirc tiln Uinh day hpc vdi website day hpc vat li theo B-leaming. Cu thd la tiln hanh day hpc cac bai giang dien bi da thiet ke trong website ciia phan "Dien hpc".
- d cac ldp DC (sd lugng HS 80): GV thyc hien cac bai giang tren theo each day tmyen thing.
Dl ddi chilu bieu qua hpc tap cua HS d hai ldp TN va DC, GV su dung cac bai kilm tra cd miic dp khd ngang nhau vdi ndi dung dIu thudc chucmg trinb SGK ciia Bd GD-DT ban hanh.
6. Kit lu^n
Chung tdi da tiln hanh thuc nghiem, kiem tra kit qua, sau dd xu ly ket qua thyc nghigm vk phSn tich kit qua thu dugc. Kit qua dilu tra y kiln ciia HS cho thay da sd cac
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TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE - SO 18 -TRU-pNG BAI HOC PHAM VAjj_SONG—
em dIu yeu thich bai hpc theo binh thiic B-leaming mdi nay, d l nghi ap dung vao qua trinh day hpc cae hpc phan tiep theo.
Kit qua thuc nghiem su pbam chiing td viec sii dung phuong phap day hpc BL trong mdn Vat li d trudng THCS la cin thilt, phat huy dugc tinh ty hpc cua hoc smh, cd the ap dyng vao giang day mdt so npi dung khac cua chuang trinh Vat li phd thdng, gop phin nang cao ehit lugng gid hgc mdn Vat li cung nhu ren luyen ky nang hpc cho HS phd thdng.
Ban than chung tdi cung da tich liiy dugc nhilu kinh nghiem ve trien khai va thye hien trong qua ttinh day hpe BL. Hy vpng day se la mdt dpng lyc mdi cho ban than chung tdi va cac GV khac trong qua trinh giang day va nghien ciiu md rdng them nhieu npi dung mdi d cac phin tilp theo eiia chuang trinh giao due phd thdng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vien Ngdn ngir hpc, Hoang Phd (chii bien) (2005), Tir diin Tiing Viit, Tmng tam Tir dien hpc, NXB Da Nang.
2. Luang Viet Thai (chii nhidm dl tai), Nguyin Hdng Thuan, Pham Thanh Tam (2011), Phdt triin Chuang trinh gido due pho thdng theo dinh hu&ng phdt triin ndng lue ngir&i hpe, De tai nghien ciiu khoa hpc. Ma so: B2008-37-52 TD, Ha Npi.
3. Khoa Giao due Tieu hpc, Chuang trinh ddo tgo cir nhdn gido due tieu hge hi ehinh quy tap trung va cdc he vira lam vira hpc (1995, 1997, 2000, 2005, 2010, 20II, 2014), Trudng Dai hpe Su pham TPHCM.
4. Nguyin Canh Toan (2009), Tu hpe thi ndo cho tdt, NXB Tong hgp, TPHCM.
tig BO
*Tmdng THCS Tran Qudc Toan, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minb
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