T R A O O d i
DnO TflO GinO VI€N TICU HOC
NHIN TLJ PHUONG THIJC GlAO DUC TU Xn
LETHmOAlNAM
1 . Giao due td xa - phuong thde d i o tao cua gilo due hien dai
Giao due td xa II mdt khdi niem khdng miy xa la ddi vdl t h l gidi va nhanh chdng trd thdnh xu the cua gilo due hign dai. Hien nay, hinh thdc gido dye t d xa da dupe dp dyng kha pho biln d nhilu nude phat triln vd dang phdt tnen.
Trong tuong lai, hinh thdc nay se la tien de eho vigc phit trien mdt xa hdi hge tap, ddp Ung ygu elu ciia n i n kinh te tri thde - mot xu t h l phdt tnen cua thdi dai trong t h l k/ 21, phu hdp vdi dudng ldi ddi mdi gilo dye cua nha nude ta, g i n giao due vdi khoa hpe - edng nghg va da dang hda, xd hpi hda gido due ddng thdi dap img nguyen vpng cua ddng dao ngudi hoc Vdi giao due tdxa, mpi ngUdi (nhat la ddi vdi nhdng ngudi ed nhu cau hoe tap d cdc khu vUc khd khdn hogc khdng cd dilu kien theo hgc elc he chinh quy) cd the tham gia hge tap, hpe mdt edch thudng xuydn d l dUctc bd tuc cap nhdt kiln thdc trau ddi ky nang, phit trien sing tao, theo kip va thiie day suddi mdi.
Theo Gilo sU Sonja Ruehl (Giam ddc CIEE, SQAS thudc trudng Bai hoe Tong hop Luan Bdn), v l co bin, giao due t d xa dupc thue hien thdng qua eae phUcmg phap va phuefng tien thong tin ehU khdng phai thdng qua sU tiep xuc tnic tilp giua ngudi day v l ngudi hgc Bae d i l m phdn biet eiia phuong phap gido due tdxa Id tinh tuong hd, the hien d sU tac ddng qua lai gida ngadi hgc va tai lieu hpe tap. Bdy Id mdt phuong phap su pham, trong dd chii y l u ndi tdi viee sir dung edng nghg thdng tin de hd trp bdi dudng tai chd.
Cac ndi dung, phuong phap, phuong tign phye vy gilng day hpe tdp duoc thilt ke de phii hpp vdi qud trinh hpe tap dd. Muc tieu hang dau va true t i l p ciia gilo dye tdxa Id hddng dan, giiip dd ngudi hpe bd sung, ndng cao kien thde de trd thanh Idp ngudi cd tn thdc cd suy nghT dpc Idp, cd ky nang phan tieh va lap luan tot.
2. Oao tao giao vien tieu hoc nhin t d phUdng thdc giao due tdxa
2.1. Ddcdiim dgc thii vd thuc tien ddo tgo d nUdc ta, Gilo dye Tieu hoe la mdt nginh dao tao cd phuong thdc gilo dye t d xa va quy md dao tao khd Idn.
Bdi ngu hpe vien tiiu hoc tdxa vda mang die diem ehung
ciia ngudi hpe vda mang nhOfng die d i l m neng duoc quy dinh bdi hoin cinh vd dde d i l m elp hpe md theo PGS.
TS Nguyin Thj Hanh, ddy Id mdt cdp hgc nhgy cdm nhit cua gido due vd todn xd hdi. B i u vdo eiia ddi ngij hpe vien t i i u hgc cd trinh do khdng ddng d i u , da dang v l ngudn gde ddo tao v l ed chuygn mdn chda eao. Ba sd hpe vien mdi chi tdt nghigp hg trung elp sU pham (He: 9+3,10+2, 12+1,12+2...), mOt sd cd trinh dd cao ding sU pham vl ti id hoc vign dat ehuIn eho den nay dupe danh gia thap so vdi elc cap hgc k h i c Khi nang tU nghien ciiU han che bdi hoe vien ehua quen vdi vide t u hpe vdn la dae trUng cd b i n cua hinh thdc gilo due niy. Ky nang v i n dung cdc ky thugt edng nghe thdng tin vao viee cap nhat thdng tin hoc tap ciia da sd hgc vign cdn y l u . Y thdc vd ddng eo ciia ngudi hpe t d xa eung la mdt v i n de ding lo ngai.
Tinh y lai va thy ddng trong q u i trinh hoc tap kha phd biln. Trong khi dd, phuong thde gilo due t d xa lai yeu elu d ngudi hgc tinh tugidc, y thdc ky ludt vdi bin than.
Chuong trinh ddo tao ciia ngdnh Gilo dye Tiiu hoc cung mang nhCiTig net dae thu, vdi nhilu ndi dung da dang phong phu v l phdc tap vl ngutf hgc phli thuc hign mdt ehuong trinh ed khi nhilu kien thdc va ky nang gan nhu trdi ngupc nhau, t d iinh vUc t u nhign, xd hdi eho den cac mdn hge mang ti'nh nghe thuat Ylu td ky nang eiia cap hoc ludn dUcJC ddt hdng dau trong khi do dieu kien de ngudi hge thue hdnh d hinh thde dao tao nay khdng he don giin. Dieu niy ddi hdi khdng chl sd nd lUc rat ldn c ^ ngudi hoc md cdn ddt ra nhdng thach thde khdng nhd cho eae eosd dao tao tdxa trong q u i trinh dao tao.
V l phuang phdp ddo tao, eie eo sd dao tao td xa hien van thyc hien kit hpp vdi dao tao truyin thdng thdng qua 2 hinh thdc
Hpe vien dupe hudng dan tU hoe thudng xuyen thdng qua he thdng gido trinh, 6\sgc phat diy du theo tdng mdn hpe eho tdng hoc vidn. Ngodi ra, eo sd dao tao edn hd trp them mdt so tai lieu tham khio k h i c
Hpe vien tap trung nghe g i l n g vien trUc tiep hUdng
10
BANTINGlAOOyCTi/XA&TAlCHUCT H d N G T I N i
dan, g i l l dap thac m i c dn tap va he thdng kien thdc Thdi gian tap trung theo hgc eOa nganh Giao due Tieu hgc thudng dupc to chdc vao dot he hang nam. Sau qua trinh dao tao (tuy theo he), eo sd ddo tao se to chde dn thi tot nghigp n h i m he thdng hda lai eae kien thdc da hoc de hoc vien ed dii dieu kien thi tdt nghiep. Bai thi tot nghiep eiia nganh Giao due Tieu hgc thudng dupc td ehUc dUdi hinh thdc viet bao gom 4 mdn hoc duoc ghep lai thanh 2 mdn thi: Toan va PhUOng phap day hpe Toan, Tieng Viet va Phuang phdp day hoc Tieng Viet.
2,2, Nhifng vdn di cdn dugc quan tdm Trong dieu kien hien nay, tai lieu hpe tap duoc bien soan danh cho ngUdi tU hpe ddng mdt vai trd het sde quan trpng doi vdi chat luong dao tao theo phuang thde t d xa. Trung tam Giao due TU xa -Trudng DHSP Ha Ndi vdi sU no lUc ciia mlnh da bien soan dupc mdt bd giao trinh cho he dao tao cd nhan Giao dye Tieu hoc day du. Mdt sd giao trinh da dUpc bien soan theo tinh than ciia Chuong trinh T i l u hoc mdi. Tuy nhien, cung can ra soat lai ndi dung mdt so giao trinh de dieu ehinh sao eho cac g i l o trinh t h l hien rd net tinh hudng nghiep tdi kien thdc va ky nang se giang day d tieu hpe sau nay, ddng thdi de phan biet mdn hoc d nganh Gilo due Tieu hoc vdi cdc mdn hpe ciing ten ciia eae nganh dao.tao khac. Vi dy, giao trinh Ly luan van hge eiia ehaong trinh Giao dye Tieu hpe vda cd net ehung vdi giao trinh Ly luan van hge cCia nganh Ngd van nhUng ean tao ra sii khac biet dupe the hien trong viec lUa chon npi dung phu hpp vdi ehUOng trinh tieu hoc...
Neu cd the lay eae bdi dgy trong sach giao khoa t i l u hoc de dan ehdng va phan tieh se ed I n h hudng tieh cUc trong qua trinh van dyng vao thlie tien dgy hpe sau nay eiia hge vien. Chinh sU k i t hop n g i y eang nhuan nhuyen cae k i l n thde khoa hpe eP b i n vdi cac mdn hpe ehuyen nganh da mang lai mpt net dac thii ciia ehuung trinh dao tao giao vien t i l u hpe.
Hien nay, phUPng phap dao tao gido vign tieu hoc mdi dang hudng tdi viee nang cao ygu cau ren luyen pham chat dao ddc nha giao cho smh vien, mat khac tap trung vao viec dao tao cac nang lUc co b i n ciia ngudi hgc, do la kha nang thuc hien cac hoat ddng giao dye, day hgc vdi ehd't luong cao... Nang lUc do dUOc hinh thanh va bpc Id trong hoat ddng gan vdi mdt sd ki nang tuong dng nhu nang lue nam vdng dac diem doi tupng giao due; nang iue thiet ke ke hoach giao dye, nang luc td chdc thuc hien k l hoach giao dye, tich hop cac ndi dung giao due, phat trien eae phuong phap day hoc tich cue, giao tiep, hpp tac; nang iUc giai q u y l t van de nay sinh trong thue tien giao dye; nang luc danh gia ..
Trong qua trinh to chdc dao tao, can the hien dinh hudng doi mdi ve phuong phap dao tao budc ngudi day theo giao trinh do phai to chdc bai giang theo cac hoat ddng de giam thieu viee thuyet giang. Can linh hoat trong qua trinh giang day, tuy noi, tiiy iuc ma ngudi day cd nhdng bien phap trien khai thich hop.
Boi vdl nganh Giao dye Tieu hoc, hpe vien tdxa deu da cd it nhilu kinh nghiem day hge, tuy nhien diem han che ciia ddi tupng nay la su he thdng hda, k h i nang suy luan chUa cao. Vi vay, ddi vdi nhdng van 64 cd tinh li luan, ngudi day can tap trung di vao giai quylt tren mdt van de cy the eua ngi dung day hpe. Tren co sd dd, hge vien cd the nam dupe ndi dung cdt loi ciia van de va cd the van dyng mot each sang tao trong thuc tien day hpe. Bdi vdi nhdng ndi dung ma ngudi hpe da cd it nhilu kmh nghiem, nen td chde eho hpe vien tU hoc theo hudng dan bang each neu hieu b i i t va kmh nghiem eCia ea nhan hay eiia nhdm, bao cao nhCmg viee da lam. Vi dy: Kinh nghiem chda Idi phit am d dja phuong, giai nghTa t d . . . Vdi nhdng ndi dung ehUa biet, nen hudng dan hoe vign tim hieu tai lieu, tim hieu qua thue tien 64 phat hien va giai quyet van de.Tang eUdng thdi lupng va da dang hda hoat dpng t y hoc, t u nghien edu eiia hoc vien thdng qua cac hinh thde bai tap da dang cd kem theo hudng dan thue hien.
11
I TRAO Ddi
Do quy md dao tao Idn ndn dpi ngu gilng vidn eiia eie trudng dai hgc duoc huy ddng tham gia v i o cdng tdc ddo tgo k h i ddng. Bgn eanh nhdng k i l n thdc ed bdn vdn eung ddi hdi tinh d^c thCi ciia nginh hge thl eie mdn hpe thudc chuygn ngdnh phUdng p h i p eiia Gilo due Tilu hoc ddi hdi ngudi day p h l i cd sU nghidn edu d l cd h i l u b i i t t h I u ddo v l nginh hoe trdn c l hai phucmg dien kien thdc v l ky ning. Cie ky n i n g sU pham dd cd the duoc cung e l p thdng qua cic tdi lidu hoe tdxa, trinh b i y ede bidn p h i p khde nhau d l ehuyin t d ly thuyet sang thde t l thdng qua cde phuong tign nghe nhin. Bge bigt hign nay, Chuong trinh Tilu hgc mdi vdi thay ddi khd t o i n dign vd trigt d l t d myc tigu, ndi dung ehuong trinh, phuong p h i p v l elch d i n h gid ddi hdi ngudi day b i m sdt thUc t i l n day hpe, nghign edu de phdn gidi qua trinh day hpe tim ra sUvIn ddng bgn trong d l td chdc day hgc cd higu q u i n h i m n i n g eao c h i t lupng eua hinh thdc d i o tao niy.
G i l o d y c T d x a d u o c tien h i n h theo n h i l u edch thde.
Trong giai doan hien nay, vide p h i t t r i l n elc chuong trinh d i o tao t d xa theo hudng sd dung ngay c i n g nhieu sU trp giiip cua Internet I I ITnh vUc day hda hen va ed tnen vgng. Ciing vdi sU phat trien eua khoa hoc ky thudt dde bidt Id cdng nghg thdng tin, ngay eang cd nhieu phUdng tign dign t d dUdc dng dung vao viee day hpe. Khi edng nghe thdng tin p h i t trien, thdng qua Internet, dich vu thU dign td, d i l n dan, hay nhdm tin trdn mang, ngudi hpe cd the tiep thu cdc ndi dung hgc tap b i n g each truy e l p cdc bai hpe, trao doi bai hge v l b l i thi tien tpi hdn trade rat n h i l u . Vigt Nam cung nhU tat c l ede nUde dang phat trien nhan thdc rat rd each thde va Ipi fch t d loai hinh dao tgo nay.Tuy nhign, ddi vdi Vidt Nam ndi rieng va eae qude gia edn ngheo, nhdng yeu td nhU:
y thdc ngudi hoc, ngdn quy, sU t h i l u h i l u b i i t v l tin hge, eleh thde van dung loai hinh dao tao van edn Id nhdng v i n d l thuc su nan g i i i d i n g dupe quan t i m . Vide phat t r i l n eae ehuong trinh dao tgo t d xa theo hudng sd dung n g i y c i n g n h i l u su trO giiip ciia Internet I I mdt djnh hudng tat y l u . Viee hpe tap vd kiem tra ddnh gia ket q u i hge tap se dupe thUe hien thdng qua may tinh. VI viy, bgn canh ede hinh thde dao tgo truyen thdng, ngUdi dgy eung can t i l n hanh soan bai giang tren m i y tinh v l dUa lgn trang Web eua ehuong trinh Gido due Td xa. Hoc vien cd the t i l p thu bdi hoc ciia eae mdn hpe thdng qua viee truy cap v i o trang Web. Tat nhien, diem mau ehdt eua van de nay la ngudi hgc c i n p h l i trang bj mdt sd ky nang ca b i n ve vi tfnh d l ed t h l thuan tien trong viee sd dyng eae phdOng tien t r u y i n thdng phuc vy cho viec hge, nhat Id ddi vdi hge true t u y i n trong tuong lai khdng xa O
H^ T H 6 N G KV NfiNG Ti; HOC...
(Tiip theo trang 6)
+ KN I p dyng, b i l n ddi, p h i t t r i l n k i t q u i nhin thdc dudi cic hinh thdc HT khic nhau: KN dp dyng kit q u i n h i n thde d l d i n h gid elc sU kidn khoa hgc, KN ehuin bj k i l m tra, KN dp dyng k i t qud nhdn thde d l td chdc thi nghidm...
Nhdm KN qudn KHT:
+ KN td chde mdi trddng HT ed n h i n : KN ehuIn bj v l td ehde elc phuang ti^n, dyng cy HT; KN bio q u i n , luu trd cde hd sd HT c l nhin...
+ KN hoach djnh q u i trinh vd elc hoat ddng HT: KN qudn If thdi gian vd nghi ngdi trong HT, KN ldp ke hoaeh tU hpe, KN xle dmh mue tigu vd phuong p h i p HT e l nhin...
+ KN kidm tra, ddnh g i l q u i trinh vd k i t qud HT: KN ddnh g i l thudng xuygn hdnh vi HT e l nhdn, KN k i l m tra thUdng xuydn hge lUc; KN d i n h gia, so sdnh k i t q u i HT gida cdc mdn...
Nhu elu xa hdi hidn dai ddi hdi eon ngudi phdi biet hdnh ddng. Vl viy, ehung ta can c i i tao lai mdi trudng HT truyin thdng de tao ra mdi trudng HT md d do p h l i d l d p d i n ede ygu eau va d i l u kien de ngddi hpe dupe hoat ddng, dupc p h i t t r i l n tdi da ndng liic, sd trUdng, n i n g k h i l u cd nhdn. Viec HT do ngddi hoc ehii ddng, trong he thdng day hpe ngddi hpe vda la chil t h l vda 11 mue dieh cua qud trinh HT. Ndi edch khae ngudi hpe dupe dat d vi tri trung t i m Id net dac trUng cua mdi trddng gido dye, HT hien dai. O l dap dng dupe mdi trudng HT hidn dai thl vigc gia cdng lai cdc ngudn hoc ligu v l trang bj he thong KN tU hpe cho ngudi hge la c i n thiet v l p h l i dupe thUc hign ngay O
