TRUCJNG DAI HOC D 6 N G THAP Tap chf Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020)
DOI MOI SANG TAO GIAO DI^C - D A O TAO TRONG BOI CANH HIEN DAI HOA DAT N U O C
• Le Thanh Binhi") Tom tat
Truoc suphdt trien cua cuoc Cdch mgng cdng nghiep Idn thit tu, Viet Nam cdn phai thuc hien doi mdi gido due theo huong lit tiip can gido due theo dau vdo sang muc tieu dau ra; chuyin mo hinh giang dgy sang mo hinh hoc tdp (xd hdi hoc tap - hoc sudt doi); chuyin ddnh gid ket qud sang ddnh gid qud trinh; chuyen ndi dung chuyen sau, rdi rac sang ndi dung tich hgp, tdng cudng td chitc hoc tap luehon vd hogt dong trdi nghiem, nhdm huong toi hinh thdnh nhan cdch sdng tgo cho ngudi hpc, ndng cao hieu qud viec dgy hoc ngoai ngu vd ung dung cong nghe - thdng tin, san sdng bien nhimg thach thitc ciia thai dai thdnh ca hoi de canh tdn nin gido due nuoc nhd
Tii: khoa. Cdch mgng cdng nghiep Idn thit tu, ddi mai sdng tao, md hinh gido due, hien dai hoa gido due - ddo tgo.
1. Dat van de
Trong thdi dai each mang khoa hoc va cdng nghe, day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa phai gan lien vdi phat trien kinh te tri thirc Dd la ddi hdi tat yeu, khach quan eua sy phat trien lye lugng san xuat d nude ta hien nay Trong kinh te tn thirc, tri thirc la yeu td chu yeu eua san xuat, la Ipi the ciia canh tranh, la chat lugng eua nguon nhan lye, la siic manh cua ndi luc va la sire hiit chu yeu ciia ngogi luc Chat luong ngudn nhan luc, tri thirc con ngudi phai thdng qua giao due va dao tao mdi cd dugc. Do vay, nang cao dan tri, dao tao, bdi dudng va phat huy nguon luc con ngudi Viet Nam tren ca sd phat trien giao due va dao tao la ddng luc ciia su phat tnen kinh te tri thiic, la van de ed y nghTa sdng cdn trudc xu the toan eau boa.
Kinh te tri thirc !a giai doan phat trien mdi cua luc luong san xuat Phat tnen kinh te tri thirc la xu the tat yeu trong qua trinh san xuat vat chat cua xa hdi. Day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda phai gan vdi phat tnen kinh te tn thii'c Phat tnen kmh te tri thiic tao nen bude dot pha trong su phat trien ciia lye luong san xuat va do cung chinh la each thirc de chimg ta "nit ngan" qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda, Trong thdi dai each mang khoa hgc va cdng nghe, de tao ddng luc eho su phat trien kinh t^ tri thiic, chimg ta nhat thiet phai quan tam den phat trien giao due va dao tgo.
"> Tnrang Dai hoc Dong Thap
2. Ndi dung
2.1. Boi moi sang t^o va tiep can doi moi sang tao trong giao due - dao tao nucrc ta
Doi mdi sang tgo da trd thanh dgng luc chinh ciia sy virng manh kinh te va kha nang canh tranh quoc gia va dieu nay giai thich tai sao cae quoc gia deu tham gia vao "cuoc chgy dua vi uu the doi mdi toan cau", Hau het mpi ngudi deu eho rang doi mdi chi mang khia canh cdng nghe tao ra eac san pham mdi ndi bat nhu eac logi thiet bi dien tir tien tien va may cdng cy dieu khien bang may tinh dien tu, Mdt sd khac cho ring ddi mdi chi gan lien voi cac hoat dgng nghien ciru va phat trien duoc tien hanh tai cac trudng dgi hgc, eac phdng thi nghiem trgng diem quoc gia, hay cac doanh nghiep. Thiet nghT, quan niem tren cdn qua han che bdi ngay nay doi mdi sang tao bao ham y nghia rdng hon nhieu.
Theo dinh nghTa eiia To chirc Hop tac va Phat trien Kinh te (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD); Ddi mdi sang tao la su che tao hoac su chap nhan, sir ddng hda, va su khai thae gia tn gia tang mdi ve mat kinh te vaxa hdi; su doi mdi va md rdng cac san pham, dich vu va thi trudng, su phat trien cac phuong phap san xuat mdi, va su thiet lap eua nhiing he thdng quan ly mdi Nd vira la qua trinh, vira la ket qua.
Dong hanh vdi su doi mdi tren nhieu phuang dien ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, giao due nude ta ciing khdng la ngogi le trong trao luu doi mdi ay. Trong lich sir phat tnen va doi mdi, giao due - dao tgo nude ta da di qua nhieu chang dudng vdi nhirng
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TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020) net dge thu khac nhgu, cd the khai quat thanh 4 md
hinh giao due noi bat. mo hinh truyen thdng, dinh hudng, khai phdng vd hien dgi.
Trong do, md hinh truyin thdng chii trong tmyen tiiy he thong tri thirc theo cac ITnh vuc va mon hoe eho hpc sinh. Vdi each dgy mdt chieu;
md hinh nay chii trgng npi dung day hpc nhu dau vao, giao vien ddng vai trd trung tam Idp hgc Do dd, Idp hgc chua quan tam toan ven chu the ngudi hgc Cling nhu kha nang ling dung vao thyc te cua kien thiic.
Tiep theo, md hinh dinh hudng la md hinh trudng hgc eua de an dgi mdi can ban toan di?n, trien khai tir nam 2018. Ban chat ciiand la giao dye dinh hudng ket qua dau ra, tiep can nang luc nhSm phat tnen pham chat ngudi hoe.
Ben canh dd, md hinh khai phong theo md hinh trudng hgc mdi (VNEN) phat trien dua tren quan diem giao due dinh hudng nang luc ngudi hgc, coi trong 'viee lay hoe sinh lam trung tam, the hi?n xu the giao due hien dai tren the gidi.
Cuoi cimg, md hinh hien dai (hien nay) vgn dung 4 su chuyen doi mang tinh chien luge: dich chuyen tir tiep can giao due theo dau vao sang muc heu dau ra; chuyen md hinh giang day sang md hinh hgc tap; chuyen danh gia ket qua sang danh gia qua trinh, chuyen ndi dung chuyen sau, rdi rac sang ndi dung tich hgp, tang cudng to chuc hgc tap ty chgn va hogt dgng trai nghiem sang tgo. Day dugc xem la thdi ki giao due nude ta hudng den muc heu hinh thanh he pham chat va nang lire cho ngudi hgc Va cd the ndi rang he pham chat thdi ki nay la nhan each sang tao cua ngudi hpc, bao gom:
- Von tn thitc ma xa hdi da tao ra, tich liiy duoc dge biet la nhiing tri thirc khoa hoc tien tien, hen quan den ITnh vuc sang tgo mdi hudng tdi;
- Hogt ddng thuc tien dudi hinh thirc thuc tien vat chat hoac thuc tien tinh than. Nang luc nam bat va thuc hanh phuong phap "tao ra hien thuc mdi"
tir vgt lieu, nguyen heu, tai lieu do chinh hien thuc da ed va dang cd cung cap;
- Phdm chat xa hoi vd ly tuong trong xa hgi ciia chu the sang tao phii hgp vdi yeu cau nhan van hda eon ngudi trong mpt ddi song edng d6ng dang hudng tdi nhimg gia tri, muc tieu phat trien ben
viing, nham thuc hien mdt xa hdi "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh", mdt the gidi tien bg, nhan van.
Nhu vay, "lan ddi mdi nay cd myc tieu cao ca:
Dua giao dye vao quT dao ciia sy phat tnen nhan van. Day la su phat trien dugc tu duy thdi dai xac dinh' su phat trien giao dye khdng ngirng dap ihtg nhu cau cua con ngudi, nang cao nang luc lua ebon cho con ngudi va md rdng co hdi lua chon cho con ngudi" [2, tr. 10].
2.2. Doi moi sang tao giao due - dao t^o nu'o^c ta trong boi canh hien dai hoa
2.2. L Gido due - ddo tao Viet Nam trong bdi cdnh cude edeh mgng cdng nghiep Idn thit tu
Mdt trong nhiing yeu cau de chuan bi cho cude Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thir tu la cai thien ngudn von eon ngudi de ed the dap img dugc cac yeu cau ve kien thirc va ky nang lien tuc thay doi trong mdi trudng lao ddng mdi. Dieu nay dat ra eho giao due va dao tao sir menh to Idn la chuan bi ddi ngu nhan luc dap img yeu cau phat trien eiia dat nude Van de ma nhieu quoc gia deu nhan thay va dgt ra dd la chuyen tir mgt nen giao due nang ve trang bi kien thirc, ky nang cho ngudi hgc sang mdt nen giao due giiip phat tnen nang luc, thiic day doi mdi va sang tao eho ngudi hoe, dap img nhimg yeu cau dat ra cho cdng dan trong thdi dai Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thir tu.
Vdi ddng chay eiia cac md hinh hoe tap mdi cimg sy phat trien eua khoa hgc cdng nghe, cac phuong phap giao dye truyen thong chac chan se chiu nhieu thach thirc
Mdt trong nhiing diem noi bat la su phan hda den timg doi tugng ngudi hgc. Mdi hoc sinh ed nhu cau va kha nang hgc tap khac nhau. Cac tien bg ve cdng nghe cho phep cac nha giao dye cd the thiet ke 16 trinh hoc tap rieng biet phii hop vdi timg trudng hop cu the. Cac phan mem giao due da duoc dua vao sii dung ed kha nang thich nghi vdi nang luc ciia moi hpc sinh va cho phep hpc sinh theo hgc vdi tdc do phii hop vdi nhu cau eiia ban than Tai nhieu nude, eac phan mem hgc tap tiiich img nay da nhanh chdng thay the timg phan hoac toan bd vai trd cua sach giao khoa trong lop hoe.
Ben canh dd, viec tiep can thdng tin trd nen 27
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) de dang hon bao gid het dan den mdt cau hdi ma
eac nha giao due can phai tra Idi la xac dinh kien thirc cdt loi ma ngudi hoe can duoc trang bj trong tuong lai Trong khi cac md hinh giao due trong qua khir tap trung vao viec cung cap cho ngudi hgc cac kien thirc, ky nang can thiet de giup hg trd thanh nhirng ngudi cd tay nghe chuyen mon cao, eac nha giao dye ngay nay quan tam nhieu ban den viec day hoc sinh each tu hgc. Giao due dgy eho hgc smh hoe each tu duy, each danh gia eac tinh huong, eac van de phiic tgp trong cude song, qua dd hinh thanh nang luc giai quyet van de.
Cdng nghe phat tnen cd anh hudng Idn den vai trd cua ngudi giao vien trong Idp hpc. He thong quan ly trudng hpc vdi sy hd trp ciia cdng nghe cd the cung cap he thdng dii lieu giiip giao 'vien theo doi sy tien bg cua mdi Idp hgc, qua dd cd nhiing phan hdi ngay lap tire vdi nhiing khd khan ma hgc sinh dang gap phai Nhung cong nghe dii hien dai va quan trong den dau cijng khong thay the duoc vai trd ciia giao vien hoac bien ngudi giao vien thanh robot. Bdi vay, lam the nao de tan dung va lam chii edng nghe, de cdng cy nay hd trg va tao ra su tu do, sang tgo trong giao due la mdt thach thiic vdi mdi giao vien va co sd giao dye
"Bon try cdt giao due eua UNESSCO: Hoe de biet, hoc de lam; hgc de cimg chung sdng, hoc de khang dinh minh, cd the tdm luoc lai trong hai dinh hudng, hoc de la ngudi ed nhan each, va hgc de la ngudi cd nang lye - sang tao Vi vay, tu duy
"Gia m van hda Viet Nam, nhan each - nang luc toan cau" la hudng den giao due phat trien, xay dimg triet ly sdng va thay d6i hanh vi, van hda img xii ciia eon ngudi theo hudng nhan van, tien bd cd nang lye va sang tgo dua tren He gia tn - van hda Viet Nam, nhung nhan each - nang luc con ngudi phai phii hgp va nang cao, vuon xa den tam mire the gidi, toan cau" [4, tr 22].
2.2.2. Nhimg vdn di tiip can trong qud trinh ddi moi hien dai hda gido due - ddo tgo
Dang va Nha nude ta ludn du lieu trudc nhiing thach thirc trong hogt ddng giao due cho the he tuong lai. Ngay 04/11/2013, Hdi nghi lan thir Tam Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa XI da thdng qua Nghi quy^t so 29-NQ/rW Ve doi mdi can ban.
toan dien giao due va dao tao, dap img yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda trong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghia va hgi nhgp qudc te. Quan diem chi dgo doi mdi giao due ciia Nghi quyet la: "Chuyen mgnh qua trinh giao due tir chu yeu trang bi kien thirc sang phat tnen toan dien nang luc va pham chat ngudi hgc, Hgc di ddi vdi hanh; ly luan gan vdi thuc tien; giao dye nha trudng ket hgp vdi giao dye gia ^ n h va giao due xahoi" [1].
Ngay 04/5/2017, Thii tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Chi thi so 16/CT-TTg Ve viec tang cudng nang luc tiep cgn Cude each mang cdng nghi?p lan thii tu vdi nhieu giai phap quan trgng. Trong dd, Thii tudng yeu cau thay ddi manh me cac chinh sach, ndi dung, phuong phap giao due nham tao ra nguon nhan lire cd kha nang tiep nhan cae xu the cdng nghe san xuat mdi [7],
Ngay 05/5/2017, Bg Giao due va Dao tao da gin Cdng van so 1891/BGDDT-GDDH tdi tat ca cae CO sd giao due dai hoc de dinh hudng chi dao ve dao tao ngudn nhan lye ed kha nang thich img vdi cuoc Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thii tu Tir nam 2018, day se la mdt trong cac npi dung ca ban de danh gia, dinh hudng phat trien cho toan nganh [3]
De thue hien cd hieu qua cac quan diem va yeu cau tren, trong xu the ddi mdi hien dai hda giao due va dao tgo can tap trung nhiing van de sau'
- To chirc doi mdi giao dye vdi muc tieu cu the hda viec thuc hien nguyen ly giao due Hgc di ddi vdi hanh, giao due ket hap vdi lao dong san xuat, ly luan gan vdi thuc tien. Tgo dieu kien de hgc sinh van dung kien thirc ly thuyet vao thuc tien ddi sdng, lao dgng san xuat, thiic day nang cao chat luong giao dye toan dien. Theo dd, hoc sinh se dugc trang bi kien thirc gan lien vdi nhiing img dung cua chimg trong thue tien, dugc trai nghiem tim tdi, kham pha cdng nghe gan vdi kien thiic duoc hpc trong chuong trinh giao dye; dugc khuyen khich sang tao khoa hgc, ky thuat nham eai thien phat trien cdng nghe mdi. Gop phan thiie day doi mdi phuang phap, hinh thirc to chirc dgy hoc, td chirc hogt dgng giao due; hoat ddng nghien cim khoa hoc kT thuat cua hgc smh; tiep can vdi ehucmg trinh giao due pho thdng mdi.
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TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hoc sd 42 (02-2020) -Nghi quyet ddi mdi can banvatoan dien giao
due da khang dinh. "Giao due con ngudi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien va phat huy tdt nhat tiem nang, kha nang sang tao eiia mdi ca nhan...", Trong thyc te, mdi hoe sinh cd nhu cau va kha nang hgc tap khac nhau va nhiem vy ciia giao dye la phat hien, nudi duong va tgo dpng luc de ngudi hgc xac dinh va theo dudi sy quan tam, niem dam me eiia minh, Dieu nay ddi hdi he thong giao due can cung cap cac 16 trinh giao due da dang de phye vy cho nhirng khuynh hudng hgc tap va phong each hgc tap khac nhau eita mdi ca nhan,
- Trudc boi canh phat tnen kinh te tri thirc, trong dieu kien Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thir tu dang tien trien, bat cir ai, khdng logi trir bat ky tuoi tac, trinh do chuyen mdn - nghe nghiep, dia
•vi xa hdi, hoan canh song va lao ddng, gidi tinh va thanh phan dan tpc... ciing phai tien hanh hpc tap de tranh roi vao tinh trgng bi lao hda tri thirc, lac hau ve tay nghe, thich img duoc vdi nhiing thay doi nhanh chdng, lien tuc cua xa hdi. Vi vay, phat trien giao dye thudng xuyen la mpt ndi dung co ban trong Id trinh xay dung xa hdi hgc tap va xem day la mdt trong nhiing khai niem cdt loi tao nen mdt tam thirc giao dye bao ham hau bet cae ndi dung, phuong thiic, phuang phap, tinh chat, y tudng va quan ly sy nghiep giao due ngudi Idn. Tam thiic dd la, Giao due thudng xuyen - Dao tgo lien tyc - Hoc tap sudt ddi.
- Tang cudng va doi mdi viee day - hoe ngoai ngii va img dung cdng nghe - thdng tin trong cac CO sd nha trudng. Van de nay da dugc trinh bay trong cac de an day hoc ngoai ngii va img dung cdng nghe - thdng tin trong cac co sd nha trudng cua nude ta, dd la.
"Doi mdi viec day va hoc ngoai ngir trong
he thdng giao due qudc dan, tiep tuc trien khai chucrng trinh day va hgc ngogi ngii mdi d cac cap hgc, trinh do dao tao, nang cao nang iyc sir dung ngoai ngii dap img nhu cau hgc tap va lam viec, tang cudng nang Iyc canh tranh cua ngudn nhan luc trong thdi ky hdi nhap, gdp phan vao cdng cuoc xay dung va phat trien dat nude, tao nen tang phd cap ngoai ngir cho giao due pho thdng vao nam 2025" [5],
"Tang cudng img dung cdng nghe thdng hn nham day manh trien khai chinh phii dien tir, cung cap dich vu cdng true tuyen trong hogt dgng quan ly, dieu hanh ciia eo quan quan ly nha nude ve giao due va dao tao d Trung uong va cac dia phuong, doi mdi ndi dung, phuong phap day - hoe, kiem tra, danh gia va nghien ciru khoa hgc va cdng tac quan ly tai cac ca sd giao due dao tgo trong he thong giao due qudc dan gdp phan hien dgi hda va nang cao chat luong giao dye va dao tgo" [6]
3. Ket luan
Doi mdi giao due theo hudng tich cue, hien dai de ngudi hoe trd nen nhirng con ngudi ed nhan each va nang luc la viec lam duoc Nha nude va toan xa hgi dge biet quan tam trong thdi gian gan day Tir dd, nganh giao due va xa hdi can cd nhirng quan tam va giai phap tuong img, nham tao ra mdt the he ngudi hgc mdi biet qui trgng ty do, biet ddc lap suy nghi va ty chiu trach nhiem, cd nhiing pham chat CO ban ciia ngudi Viet Nam hien dgi trong mdt the gidi hien dai, giau ca tinh nhung bao dung, cd ky nang giao ti§p va hop tac, cd tu duy cdi md vdi cai mdi, hien dai phii hgp vdi ddng chay phat tnen nguon nhan Iyc ciia dan tdc ta trong thdi ki hien dai hda va hdi nhap quoc te, chii ddng ddn nhan nhirng CO hdi va thach thirc mang tinh toan cau: Thdi ki khoa hoe cdng nghe 4.0./,
Tai lieu tham khao
[1], Ban Chap hanh Trung uong (2013), Nghi quydt so 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 Hpi nghi Trung uong 8 khda XI "v^ doi mdi can ban, loan dien giao due va dao tao, dap irng yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda trong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa va hgi nhap qudc te"
[2] Dang Qudc Bao, Biii Viet Phu, Pham Minh Gian, Pham Minh Xuan (2017), Ddi mdi, cdi cdch gido due d Viet Nam vd nhan td qudn ly trong tiin trinh doi mot gido due, NXB Thdng tin va truyen thdng.
TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap ctll Khoa hoc so 42 (02-20gg) [3] B6GiaoducvaDaotao(2017),C6ngvanso 1891/BGDDT-GDDH,ngay05thang5nam2017, ve viec "Dao lao nguon nhan lire c6 kha nang thich irng voi cuoc each mang cong nghiep lan thii 4";
[4] Hoang Thai Linh (2011), Gido due thanh nhan, NXB Tn thiic
[5]. Thii tuong Chinh phu (2017), Quyet dinh so 2080/QB-TTg, ngay 22 thang 12 nam 2017 phe duyet dieu chinh, bo sung de an day va hoc ngoai ngii trong he thong giao due quoc dan giai doan 2017-2025.
[6] Thii tuong Chinh phii (2017), Quyet dinh s6 117/ QD-TTg, ngay 25 thang 01 nam 2017 phe duyet De an "Tang cuong img dung cong nghe thong tin trong quan ly va ho tro cac hoat dong day - hoc, nghien ciiu khoa hoc gop phan nang cao chat luong giao due va dao tao giai doan 2016-2020, dinh huong den nam 2025".
[7]. ThCi tuong Chinh phu (2017), Chi thi so 16/CT-TTg, ngay 04/5/2017 ve viec tang cuong nang luc tiep can Cuoc each mang cong nghiep Ian thii tu.
INNOVATION OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE MODERNIZATION OF THE COUNTRY
Abstract
The development of 4 0 Industrial Revolution requires Vietnam to renovate its education towards the output-based approach; changing the teaching model into a leaming model (leaming society - lifelong leaming), transforming the outcome-based evaluation to the process-based; transforming intensive, discrete contents into integrated ones, increasing elective leaming modules, and expenenUal activities;
as such to construct creative personality for learners, improve the effectiveness of teaching foreign languages, and applying technology and information, get ready to turn the challenges of the times into opportunihes for the country's education innovation
Keywords: The 4,0 industrial revolution, innovation, education model, modernization of education - training.
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