Chifdng trinh, sach giao khoa Giao due cong dan cap Tieu hpc cua Phap va yeu td ljeh siir, van hoa dUdc the hien qua cac bai hpc
Phan Thj HiTdng Giang^ Ho Thj HUifng^
Tran Bich Hang^
' Email: phargiangl03@gmall,com
^ Email: hohjong109@gmail com
^ Email: [email protected] Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Mam 52 Lieu Giai, Ba Cinh, Ha N6i, Viet Nam
TOM TAT: Chuang trinh. saeh giio khoa mdn Giio due cdng dan d Phap la mof trong nhdng mdn hgc dugc col trgng nham dao tao the hd tuang lai khdng chi cd nhdng ning lUc can thiSt mi con giup cac em hinh thinh tu duy phari bign, cd y thde ve dao ddc, thau hieu, tdn trgng vi chia se cic gii tri nhan van nhu tinh cam gia dinh, y thUc trich nhiem. Trang nghien cdu nay, chung tdi lUa chgn sich giao khoa cap Tieu hge cua Nhi Xuat ban Bordas (2017) de khia sit, gidi thieu ve ndi dung, eau trOc vi cic yeu to lich sd, van hda dUde the hien qua cic bai hec. Thdng qua dd dUa ra nhdng nhan xet, di xuat ehe viec xiy dung, thiet ke sich giio khoa mdn Dao dUe d Vidt Nam theo chUdng trinh giio due pho thdng mdi.
Tti KHOA: Ljeh siJl; van hoa; sach giao Ichoa; giao due cong (fan Phap.
•# Nhan bai 26/6/2019 -» Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinh sila 20/7/2019 ^ Duygt iJang 25/9/2019
1 . Dat van de
Chucmg trinh giao due (GD) pho thong mai ciia Bo Giao due va Dao tao (GD&DT) da neu ro dac diem, muc tieu, ngi dung, phuong phap, nang lue (NL) va nhirng yeu eau cin dat dSi voi mon GD cong dan (GDCD) gpi la mon Dao di!rc 6 cap Tieu hpc, mon GDCD o cap Trung hpe ea sa, mon GD kinh t£ va Phap luat o cap Trung hgc ph6 thong. Mon hoc nay "Giii vai tro chii dao trong viec giiip hpe sinh (HS) hinh thanh, phat trien y thiic va hanh vi cua nguai eong dan.
Thong qua cac bai hpc ve loi song, dao dire, phap luat, kinh te, mon GDCD gop phan bdi duong cho HS nhiing phSm chat chil yeu va NL cot loi cua nguoi cong dan, dac biet la tinh cam, niem tin, nhan thirc, each ung xir phii hop vai chu^n muc dao diic va quy dinh ciia phap luat, co kT nang (KN) sflng va ban ITnh de hpc tap, lam viec, san sang thuc hien trach nhiem cong dan trong sir nghiep xay dimg, bao veT6 qu6c va hpl nhap quoc te" [1, tr.3].
0 cip Ti6u hpc, Dao dire la mon hpc bat bupe, npi dung chu yfiu cua mon hpc la GD dao dire, KN song, phap luat va kinh te. "Nhiing npi dung nay dinh huang chinh vao GD ve gia tri ban than, gia dinh, que huong, cgng dong, nham hinh thanh ciio HS thoi quen, ngn nip ckn thiSt trong hpc tap, sinh hoat va y thuc tu dieu chinh ban than theo cac chuan muc dao diic va quy dinh ciia phap luat" [2, tr.3]. Viec tham khao chuong trinh, sach giao khoa (SGK) mon GDCD 6 mot s6 nuae tren thi gioi, trong do co chucmg trinh va SGK cua Phap se gop phin cung cip co so thuc tiln de xay dung, thilt kl SGK mon GDCD a Viet Nam theo dinh huong phat trien NL.
116 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
2 . N p i d u n g n g h i e n cuTu
2 . 1 . ChUdng trinh, sach giao khoa mon Giao due cong dan cap Tieu hqc oi Phap va nhii'ng yeu to tjeh sir, van hda 2.1.1. Khai qua! chiJdng trinh mon Giao due cong dan cap Tieu hpc ii Phap
Chuong trinh GD tieu hgc cua Phap la chuang trinh GD pho cap bat bupe, bao gom 5 ITnh vuc: Ngon ngu de tu duy va giao tiep, cac phuong phap va cong cii de hgc tap, sit hinh thanh ca nhan va cong dan, he thong ty nhien va Id thuat, the giai va hoat dpng ciia eon nguai. Trong do (tir lap CP den lop CM2 tucmg ling vai lop 1 den lap 5 tai Viet Nam), mon GDCD (tieng Phap la Enseignement moral et civique) nam trong nhom ITnh vuc thii 5 (hpc vl thi giai va cae hoat dgng eua con nguoi).
Theo chuang trinh GD qu6c gia ciia Phap, mon GDCD se cung cap cho nguai hpc mgt nln tang van hoa dao diic, van hoa eong dan va tu duy phan bien, nhirng dilu rit quan trgng cho phep HS dan hinh thanh y thirc vl trach nhiem trong cupc song ca nhan eua hp va y thiie trach nhiem vcri xa hgi noi chung. Mon hpc nay gin liln vai eae gia tri dao due eua xa hpi, cung cap kien thirc va bao g6m ea cac bai tap thuc hanh.
Mon hpccflng gi6i theu cho HS „hi,„g gij ,„ „j„ ,j„g Clia nen Cong hoa va Dan chu dac
traig cvia niroc Phap, do la nhtmg gia tri chung bao g t o „hi„ ^j , dang, dac biet la su binh djng giisa „ , „ ' ' ? ' ' ° ' ' " ' * kSt, chti nghTa duy vat, tinh thto thuongTen 0 6 ? ] ' ' ' "
trpng tu do ca nhan va len an bdt ki hinh thuc f^.^'^^^ ^T Khting chuang trinh mon GDCD ctia Phap u<
cac yau te van hoa dao due va nhan each dua ? "^" ^^rih
• ^ tren 4 khia
canh, do la: Giiip HS co dug-c y thiic ve luong tam dao diie;
hilu y nghTa cua cac quy tSc khi song cung nhau trong mpt cong d6ng; Hilu r5 va diu tranh cho nhirng lua chpn ve dao diic phai d6i mat trong cu6c s6ng; bilt giu- loi hira, ty chu, hop tac va dam chiu trach nhiem tnroc ngucri khae.
Myc tieu ciia mon hgc la dao tao nhu'ng cong dan tuong lai, giup cac em hinh thanh ta duy phan bien, co y thiic ve dao diic, thiu hilu, ton trgng va chia se eae gia tri nhan van nhu tinh cam gia dinh, y thiic trach nhiem. Cae mue tieu dugc quy djnh cu the cho tung khoi lop. Cii the nhu sau:
Voi HS lop 1 va lop 2, muc tilu giang day mon hpe nay la lam cho cae em buac dau eo y thiie cong dan. Viee giang day m6n hpe nhSn manh den cac gia tri, kien thirc va thyc hanh dua tren tuyen bo ve Nhan quyen, Cong uoc Quoe te vl quyln tre em va tinh than ciia Hien phap hien hanh (De ngii Cpng hoa Phap). Vi du: HS hpe ve su ton trpng, can dam trong moi quan he, phat trien nhijng hanh vi co trach nhiem vai moi truong, siic khoe cua minh va moi nguai, biet ton trgng su khae biet trong moi ca nhan, biet chap hanh cae nguyen tae cua doi song tap the.
Vcti HS lap 3, muc tieu mon hgc la day cho cac em biet va thuc hanh ve phep lich su, nen tang dao diic vai nhirng nguyen tae nhu: "Dieng ldm nhimg dieu bgn khong mudn ngudi khde ldm vai minh". Qua do, HS y thirc dupc ve quyen, nghTa vu cong dan, biet ap dung nhimg nguyen tie do trong dot song tap the, ting xir lich su, ciing nhu biet xay dung cac moi quan he xa hgi. HS dupe GD ve siic klioe, nhimg moi nguy hiem tren Intemet, biet ty bao ve minh khi b] ngugc dai...
0 lap 4 va lap 5, muc tieu mon hpc la trang bi cho HS van hoa dao diic va cong dan, ciing tinh than phan bien giup hinh thanh y thiic trach nhiem ea nhan va xa hfii. Viec giang day nay giiip HS y thiic ve ban than va sy ton trgng nhan pham nguai khae, long khoan dung, ton trgng niem tin va tin nguong, quyen va nghia vu cong dan, tinh than dan than, kha nang phan doan va hop tac ciing nguoi khae. Npi dung chuong trinh mang tinh dinh huong de xay dyng, thiet ke nhimg bg SGK dam bao muc tieu chung, dong thoi phii hgp vdi liiatu6i, viing mien ciia Phap.
2.1.2. Sach giao khoa mon Giao due cong dan cap Tieu hoc Vai chinh sach mpt chuong trinh nhieu bp sach, hien nay, SGK mon GDCD cap Tieu hpe o Phap co rat nhieu bp do cac nhom tac gia khae nhau bien soan va cac nha xuat ban (NXB) khae nhau cong bo nhu NXB Cie Intemational, NXB Hachette, NXB Bordas, NXB Nathan, NXB Hatier...
BQ sach GDCD bac Tilu hpe cua NXB Bordas co ten la Vme ensemble a I 'ecole gom co 2 cuon: Vivre ensemble a I' ecole danh cho trinh dp CP, CEl, CE2 (tuong duong lop 1, lop 2, lop 3 a Viet Nam) va Vivre ensemble a I' ecole danh cho trinh do CMI, CM2 (tuong duong lap 4, lop 5 a Viet Nam) duge bien soan theo chucmg trinh nam 2016 eua Bp GD Phap, in va xuit ban nam 2017 (xem Hmh 1).
Cuon l^vre ensemble d I'ecole (chii yeu danh eho HS lop CMl va CM2 tucmg ling v6i lop 4,16p 5 6 Viet Nam) la
Hinh 1: Trang bia cuon SGK Vivre ensemble d I'ecole cua NXB Bordas phdt hdnh ndm 2017
mpt cong eu eho phep HS phat trien kha nang song chung trong mpt xa hpi dan chu va mpt nen cong hoa phi ton giao.
Cuon sach huong toi muc tieu chung ve cai each GD Phap, do la: "Truyen tai nhiing gia tri chung cua cgng dong, nhu:
Pham chat, su ty do, binh dang, doan ket, tinh than phi ton giao, sy cong bang, ton trpng ea nhan, binh dang giira nam, nii, long khoan dung va tranh mgi hinh thiic phan biet"
(Vivre ensemble d I'ecole) [3, tr. 3].
Tuang ling voi 4 khia eanh trong chuang trmh chung, cuon saeh dupe chia lam 4 phan lan: Cam xuc; nguyen tac va luat; su danh gia; thi hien thai dp. M§i phln co nhilu bai hpc nho hudng HS toi tlnh huong co van de, tir do dua ra nhirng can hoi ve dao diic nhu: Cai do tot hay xau? Cai do diing hay sai? Cai gi nen tin tuong? Thai dp can eo la gi?...
CuQn sach duoc xay dyng phii hop vdi nhiing tieu chi giiip hinh thanh kiln thiic, KN, thai dp dua tren nhung vat lieu dupe lya ehpn nghiem ngat va dugc lap di, iap lai trong timg phin eua cac bai hoc. Xuit phat tir mpt tinh huong co vin de trong cuoc song bang ngay o truang hay ngoai xa hpi, HS phai xay dung va dien giai y kiln eua minh, dua ra nhimg Ii le, tranh luan voi nhiing y kien khae de hinh thanh quan dilm ea nhan. Quan dilm nay ciing phai dugc d6! chilu voi nhung he quy chilu cua nguyen tae, quyen, luat. Ben eanh do, nhirng quan diem, y kien eiing duac so sanh voi tac phim van hgc, quan diem ciia nghe sT co dien hay duong dai, hoae voi nhSn vat co tam anh huong, ngudi mang gia tri nhan van va to ro thai dp vl cac van de ca nhan hay ehinh tri trong lich sir hoae hien tai. Nlu con ngudi khong ed nhan thiic ve su thau cam, bilt rung dgng, biet phln no thi ehinh nhtmg tri thiic ciia cac tae phim van hgc, tri thuc khoa hpe, ljeh sir, nghe thuat se lam sang to nhiing sy lua chpn va din dit con ngudi tren con dudng di tim dao diic Clia mgt cdng dan. Thong qua nhiing con dudng do, HS hilu rd hon vl nhiJng gia trj dao dire, cong dan, Cau tnic cu thi cudn sach Vivre ensemble a I'ecole (chii yeu danh cho HS ldp CM 1 va CM2 tu'ong ling vdi ldp 4, ldp 5 d Viet Nam) gdmcd 3 phin:
Phan ddu SGK cd trang bia: Ten sach; ten trinh do; ten NXB; Trang 2: Ldi ndi diu; Trang 3: Cach su diing sach;
Trang 4 va 5: Muc luc.
So 21 tfiang 9/2019 117
Bang 1 : Npi dung ctiinh cua SGK
Phan 1 : Cam 1. Chia s e v a t h e hien tinh cam, cam xuc Phan 2: Nguyen xuc (giijp HS CO 2 Tif choi phan biet chung toe. tac v^ luat {giup di/Oc y thflc v l 3- Chong q u i y roi va lam dung. HS hieu ^ nghia li/dng tam dao 4. Ton trong si; khae biet cua cac quy t^c diJc) 5 Hieu biet ve 31/da dang van hoa va ton giao khi song ciing
6. Hieu ve nhtfng bieu ti/flng cua nen Cong nhau trong mOt hba Phap. cSng dong)
7 Biet nhifng hoi cSnh khae nhau ciia viec tuan luit le.
8. ThLic day sii binh dang giOi. . , . . . . . ^ . . i 9. Dau tranh chong si/ phan biet ddi xU va phan biet gioi.
10. Chia se cac gia tn ciia nen Cong hda.
11. Tim hieu chile nang ciia cac td chile.
12. Cam nhan v l cong dan P h a j j ^ ^ h a u A " - Phan 3: Thtic 13. Nhan biet v l si/ cdng bang vS khdng cdng Phan 4 Cam ket
hien luat (giiip bang. (giup HS biet giO HS hieu ro va 14. Chia senhOng nguyen tac ve phi tdn giao, Idi hiJa, tit chii, dau tranh cho 15. Ren luyen l u duy phan dien. hgp tac va dSm nhiJng li/a chqn 16 TrSch nhiem vdi vigc si/dung Intemet chiu trach nhilm v l dao difc phai 17 Phan biet ldi ich ca nhan va ldi ich tap the. tnJdc ngddi
doi mat trong khae) cuoc song)
18. Vi6c tham gia v^o mOt bii an tap the.
19. Hoc each sd cOu cho ngdcii khae, 20. Tham gia cac hoat dgng moi tn/flng.
2 1 . Tham gia vao cube sdng d3n chii.
22. Hlnh aong thed each doan ket vdi ca nhan hay t$p the.
Phdn ngi dung chinh ciia SGK gom 22 chii de Hen quan den 4 ITnh vye trong ehuong trinh. Moi ehii de co cac bai hge nhd tuong ling nhu sau (xem Bang 1):
Phdn cuoi SGK gdm eae thuat ngil, khai niem dae biet can thiet khi bien soan sach, duge sap xep theo thii tu ABC;
Phan ehii thich xuat xii cac tranh anh da diing trong sach.
Moi bai hge nhd cd 4 trang gom nhiing ngi dung: Khdi dgng (tranh, anh, phong eanh hoae mgt tinh hudng hSng ngay, dua ra cau hdi giiip HS trao doi thao luan); Mot eau chuyen c6 that (biic ehan dung mpt nhan vat va rapt doan gidi thieu ve tieu sir ciia nhan vat dd cho phep thi hien chii de; cuoi moi doan van ed eau hdi hudng dan HS tim hilu);
Quan diem cua tac gia (mgt bai dgc mang tinh chat van hgc gom mue dieh thdng tm eiia bai dgc, mye tieu ciia bai, can hdi hudng dan khai thae noi dung, bd sung thong tin vl bai dgc); Quan diem cua nha nghe sT (mgt hoae hai tae phim nghe thuat cd ngi dung lien quan den ehu de, tir khoa).
Ve hinh thirc, SGK in mau, trinh bay khoa hgc, ro rang, hinh anh minh hpa sinh dong, gop phan nang cao hieu qua khi truyen tai kien thiic va tao niem vui hpc tap eiia HS (xem Hinh 2).
2.1.3. Yeu to ijcti s^, van hoa trong sacti giao Ithoa Giao due cong dan cap Tieu hpc cl Piiap
SGK mdn GDCD eua Phap the hien ro sy lien ket chat che giiia lich sii, van hda vdi viec hinh thanh pham chat, dao dire nham hudng tdi mpt mau hinh cdng dan li tudng ciia Phap. Trong timg don vi bai hpe, nhiimg kien thirc van hda, lich sir dugc long ghep hgp li thdng qua nhirng cau chuyen ed that ve cac nhan vat trong lich sir hoae ed anh hudng nhit dinh din ljeh sir Phap ndi rieng, heh sii thi gidi ndi chung. Vi du: Khi GD ve chii nghia ehung tpe hay ton trpng sy khae biet, SGK nhae tdi hai nhan vat la Martin Luther King (1929 - 1968) - ngudi tirng dat giai Nobel Hda Binh nam 1964 va Rosa Park (1913 - 2005) - "me de eiia phong trao nhan quyln hien dai", mgt trong 100 nhan vat cd tim anh hudng nhit the ki XX (Tap chi Times bmh chpn).
Hp dlu la nhung ngudi MT gdc Phi ed ddng gdp ldn cho phong trao diu tranh vi dan quyln, chdng lai sy ki thi chiing
118 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Ml
m
Hinh 2: Minh hoa mol bai hoc trom ^dcl, vs, j, i • recole (NXB Bordas, 2017) ^ '' «"«''«''"'''<">
tpe. SGK sir dung du heu tir cac hai K- ;•
Chung toe trong tau dien ngta Paris „a° Z T "'"'" " " ' Le Monde ngay 17 .hang 2 nam 201 ' " ^ ' " ' ' M f "
Madenla tong thong da den diu tien cua Na^ p.
Trong bai hoc ve ton trong luat 16 (BJ; 7) „ J, , , bang each gioi thieu ngjn gon ve Solon (638 „ „ ' " " **"
mot trong 7 nha hign IriSt thoi Ch dai, nha th ^*''^' '°
luat xuSt than tir Athena. Sinh ra trong mdt B- " l " ^ " * ' ' ™
• Era dmh quy tgc
i 3 £ r ^ ^ i J ! S r ai_"
nhimg dng sdng nhu mdt cdng dan binh thudng. Ong dupc ngudi dan Athena bau lam Quan chap chinh va giao cho nhiing tham quyen rat ldn de thiet lap mdt che do nha nude mai. Chimg ta ed the biet duoc cac luat phap khi dd duge thong qua nhd nhirng bai tho eua dng.
Khi tim hieu ve phong trao dan ehu, sy edng bang, binh ding nam - nir, SGK dua ra nhiing eau chuyen xuat phat tir thyc tl gan lien vdi ten tudi ciia nhung nhan vat ndi tilng, CO nhilu ddng gdp mang tam thdi dai. Viec dua nhirng mlu chuyen, bai viet, ddng gdp eiia cac nhan vat cd that trong lich sir cung nhu hien tai d nhieu qudc gia khae nhau vao GD dao diic va edng dan ed vai trd quan trpng. Nhiing din chimg do giup HS nhan thay nhiing pham chit neu tren khong phai chi la GD tren li thuyet ma do la kit qua cua qua trinh tich luy, phat trien, diu tranh ciia cac dan tgc tren the gidi. Do do, viec GD cac pham chat nay khdng ehi ed gia trj vdi cong dan Phap ndi rifing ma do cdn la pham chat ciia cong dan toan cau ndi ehung.
Them vao do, ndi dung cac bai hpc the hien rat rd nhirng net van hda dien hmh ciia ngudi Phap, tiep thu cac gia tri van hoa Clia the gidi, tdn trpng sy binh dang va khae biet giiia cac qudc gia, dan tde. SGK gdm nhiing ndi dung chdng sy phan biet chiing tpe, danh gia diing vai trd eua nhirng ngudi da mau ddi vdi hoat ddng cgng ddng, dau tranh vi tien bg xS hgi. Moi ndi dung eiia bai hpe deu dugc thiet ke cac hoat dpng da dang, GD dao diic edng dan dudi gdc nhin da chieu hi Heh su, thyc te den gde nhin ciia van nghe sT (van hpc, hgi hpa, am nhae). Cudi cimg, HS tu thyc hanh hoae tu riit ra bai hgc cho ban than. Ngi dung, each viet, each trinh bay dlu mang tinh thuc tien tranh dugc sy "giao dieu" hoae qua thien vl li thuylt trong GDCD ndi chung.
2.2. Mpt SO nhan xet va ie xuat ctio viec thiet Ice sacti giao i(iioa mon Giao due cong dan cap Tieu hpc theo Chifdng trinh giao due pho thong mdi d Viet Nam hien nay
Tir nhiing nghien ciiu tren chiing tdi cd mgt vai nhan xet vl bp saeh GDCD cua NXB Bordas: Bg sach ra ddi theo chinh sach mgt chuong trinh nhieu bd sach eua GD Phap;
sach da dap ling chuan chuong trinh GD quoc gia Phap ve kiln thiic, KN, thai do. SGK mdn GDCD danh cho Tilu hpc dugc thilt kl theo 2 giai doan: Giai doan eo ban (CP, CEl, CE2 tuong ling ldp 1, ldp 2, ldp 3), giai doan ciing CO (CMI, CM2 nrong ling vdi ldp 4, ldp 5), Cac giai doan nay tuong img vdi mgt do tudi HS nhat dinh nen ndi dung ttong sach dugc lua chpn phii hop vdi timg dae diem tam li hing lira hidi ey thi, Mach ndi dung dupc chia theo ehii de, trong timg chii dl cd nhilu bai hoc nhd, C* mdi idp, cac chii de se dupe khai thae, bd sung va mo rgng them ra vdi nhieu ndi dung hon. Sach duoc xay dimg phii hgp vdi tieu chi gitip hmh thanh KN, sy hilu biet va thai dd dya tren nhiing vat lieu, ngi dung dugc lua chpn nghiem ngat va deu xoay quanh ndi dung chinh ciia bai. Trong cudn sach noi dung GD dao diic edng dan eo sy tieh hgp vdi cac mdn hpc Lich sii. Van hpc, Nghe thuat, cimg cae npi dung nhu GD vl gidi, binh ding gidi, chdng phan biet ehiing tgc va phap luat. Timg trang d cudn saeh GDCD ciia NXB Bordas
the hien rat ro yeu td van hda Phap tir hinh anh eho den ndi dung. Mdi cuon sach dlu dugc dau tu ve hinh anh, truih bay dep va hinh minh hga ciing mang tfnh mi thuat, Cac nhan vat dugc nhic din chinh la eae nha van, nha khoa hgc, nha chinh tri ndi tilng ngudi Phap va nhirng chiing nhan lich sii gin vdi sy kien lich sii, cimg vdi nhirng tinh hudng ed dau in ldn trong lich sir Phap; di kem edn la nhirng gia trj van hda vat chit va tinh thin ciia nudc Phap dugc the hien thdng qua cae tae pham van hpc, nghe thuat,
Tii viec tim hilu, nghien ciiu ehuong trinh, SGK cua Phap, chiing tdi nit ra mdt sd kinh nghiem khi xay dyng, thilt kl SGK mdn Dao diic cap Tilu hpe theo chuang trinh GD phd thdng mdi d Viet Nam nhu sau: Cac bai hpc nen dugc sip xip theo quy trinh chung thdng nhat, tir dd hinh thanh eho HS nhiing KN chung de giai quyet van de; Cac ngi dung bai hgc duge dua vao SGK nen xuat phat tir thye te cupc sdng, nhiing eau chuyen cd that cd nhieu gia tri da dupc ghi nhan va chimg minh tinh dung dan. Ben canh dd, SGK can quan tarn den ngi dung bai hgc mang tinh ljeh sii tao sy ket ndi dao dire tir truyen thdng den hien dai; SGK can cung cap cho HS cai nhin tir nhieu gdc dp, vdi nhirng quan diem khae nhau, each the hien khae nhau tir dd rut ra duge cac gia tri dao diic diing dan, chuan muc; SGK nen chu y den hoat dpng danh cho HS, hinh thanh va ren luyen cho HS kha nang tu duy, trai nghiem, tranh luan de hinh thanh hanh vi, pham chat diing dan eho cac em; SGK nhu ban chi din hudng dan HS each hgc, each Ur hge, ty lam. Vi thi, ein dl xuat dugc nhieu hinh thiic luyen tap, van dung li thuySt vao thye tien cude sdng. Ddng thdi, SGK dua ra nhiing cau hdi, hudng dan de HS cd the tra ciiu, cap nhat kiln thirc, tai lieu khae; Ket hpp duge nhirng yeu td lieh sii, van hda, dan tde, gidi tinh trong thiet ke SGK Dao diic se mang lai hieu qua trong viec GD HS va mang lai ban sac Viet Nam eho cudn sach; Viec dau tu cho hinh anh minh hga trong sach eiing la mot dieu can luu y, bdi yeu td nay lam eho cudn sach khdng ehi dan thuan mang tinh chat GD vl dao dire ma cdn mang y nghTa ve GD gia tri van hda Viet Nam cho HS.
3. Ket luan
Ciing vdi nhiing thay ddi ciia ehuang trinh tdng thi, Chuang trinh mdn GDCD da dap ling duge muc tieu, yeu eiu chung, tir dd hudng tdi phat trien NL HS. Chuang trinh mdi ddi hdi viec xay dyng, thiet ke SGK can linh hoat, ehii trpng nhirng ndi dung mang tinh thuc tien, gdp phan nang cao hieu qua GD.Tir viec tim hieu SGK mdn GDCD cua Phap chung tdi eho ring, SGK GDCD d Viet Nam ndi chung, SGK Dao dire d eip Tieu hge noi rieng ein ed nhimg ddi mdl cho phii hgp, phong phii vdi ngi dung, hinh thiic trinh bay linh hoat, gin vdi thuc tien dl tang tinh hip din, hieu qua, kit hgp dugc nhiing ylu td ve lich sii, van hda, dap ling yeu eiu chung cua xa hgi nham hoan thanh myc tieu GD ",., bao dam phat trien pham chit va NL ngudi hpe thdng qua ngi dung GD vdi nhiing kien thiic, KN co ban, thilt thye, hien dai, hai hda diie, tri, the, mi, chii trpng thyc hanh, van dung kiln thiic, KN da hpe dl giai quylt cae vin dl trong hgc tap va ddi sdng..." [4, tr.5].
So 21 thang 9/2019 119
TaiU|u tham khao
Bg Giao due va Dao tao, (2006), Chucmg trinh gido due pho thong mon Gido due cong ddn, NXB Giao due, Ha Ngi.
Bg Gi^o due va Dao tao, (2018), Chuang trinh gido due pho thong mon Gido due cong ddn (Ban hanh kem theo Thong tir s6 32/2018/TT-BGDDT ngay 26 thang 12 nam 2018 cua Bg tnrdng Bo Giao due va Dao tao).
Editions Bordas, (2015), Vivre ensemble a I'ecole, htt- ps://enseignement-moral-et-civique,editions-bordas fr/9782047332245.
[4] Bg Giao due va Dao tao, (2017), Chuang f'lh g'^o <^vc pho thong long the. Ha Ngi.
[5] Nhiem vu thudng xuySn Vi?n Khoa hoc Giao dye Vi|t Nam, (2017), Nghien cuu md hinh sdch gido khoa cap Tiiu hoc d mgt sd nudc tren thi gidi vd di xuat cho Viet Nam
[6] Bg Giao due va Thanh nien QuIc gia Phap, (2016), Chuang trinh mon Gido due cdng ddn Phdp, Nguon:
https ://www. education. gouv.fr/pid285/bullet(n_ofEiciel.
html?cid_bo-l32982.
MORAL AND CIVIC EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN FRANCE:
CURRICULUM, TEXTBOOKS AND HISTORICAL - CULTURAL ELEMENTS
Phan Thi Huong Giang^ Ho Thi Huong^
I r a n Bich Hang^
'Email' [email protected]
^ Email' hohuong109@gmail com ' Email, [email protected] The Vietnam National InstitJte of Educational Sciences 52 Lieu Giai, Ba Dinh District Hanoi City, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: t\/loral and Civic Education is considered as one ef the most important subjects in France to provide students with not only basic competencies but also critical thinking ability as well as awareness ef morality, awareness of morality, understanding, respecting and sharing of human values. In this study, the authors analyze elementary textbooks of Bordas Publishing House (2017) lo investigate the contents, structures, and the historical-cultural elements in each unit of the books. From there, the authors provide suggestions for developing Moral and Civic Education textbooks in Vietnam based on the new General Education Program.
KEYWORDS: History; culture; textbooks; IVIoral and Civic Education; France.
120 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
