QUANTRI-QUANLY
GIAI PHAP GIAM NGHEO BEN V0NG TRONG DONG BAO KHMER
SOC TRANG HIEN NAY
• TRAN THANH TU - CO THANH TRUNG
T 6 M TAT:
Cong tac giam ngheo va giam ngheo ben vCTng la chu tn/dng Idn cua Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nirdc, difdc die hien qua nhieu nghi quye'l. chUdng irinh ihie't thu'c eho cong tae nay. Viet Nam difdc cac id chu'c quoc le' danh gia cao irong cong lac giam ngheo va giam ngheo ben viing. Bai vie't phan lich cac ehu iru'cfng, chinh sach cua Dang bo va chinh quyen tinh Soc Trang da thu'c hiSn de giiim ngheo irong dong bao Khmer eua linh.
Tuf khoa; Giam ngheo ben vifng. dong bao Khmer, Soc Trang.
1. Quan diC^ni ciia Dang, chi'nh sach cua Nba mfdc \e giam ngheo ben viTng
Giam ngheo va giam ngheo ben viing la mot trong nhifng chu tnfdng ldn cua Dang va Nha nu'dc. nhim cai thien ddi song vai cha'l \ a tinh thiSn cho ngu'di ngheo. thu hep khoang each va irinh dp phat trien gitfa cac viing, dia ban va giu'a cdc dan uic. nhdm dan cu".
D;ii hoi lan lhi? XI ciia Dang, khang dinh:
"Thifc hien ed hieu qua hdn chinh sach giam ngh^ophii help vdi tifng thcfi ky; da dang hoa cac nguon lUc va phu'dng thli'c de bao dam giam ngheo ben viing"; "Tap trung trie'n khai co hieu qua eae chu'dng trinh xoa ddi. giam ngheo, nha't la dviings;iu. vung xa. vung dac biel khd khan" |2].
Nghiqu>ei so 15-NQ/TW. ngay 1/6/2012 eua Hyi nghj Ian thiV nam Ban Chap hanh Trung ifdng khda .\I da khdng dinh; "Day manh viee trie'n khai thifc hien Chu'dng trinh Mue lieu Quo'c gia
^e giam ngheo, trong dd ehii trpng Ciic chinh s;ich
giam ngheo"... "thu hep chenh lech ve mifc song va an sinh xa hdi so vdi binh quan ca nu'dc.
Nghien cifu su'a doi. bd sung chinh sach ho trd hd can ngheo de giam ngheo ben viTng" 11].
Dai boi lan thif XII ciia Dang, nhin Iai 30 nam ddi mdl (1986 - 2016) ben canh viec khang djnh
"da't nifdc ta da dat difdc nhiJng thanh ti/u lo Idn ed y nghia Iich siJ". Dang la da chi ra nhu'ng han che, }eu kem. irong dd ed ca van de ve xa hgi.
va'n de giam ngheo: "Tren mdl sd'mal, mdl so' ITnh VLfc. mdt bd phan nhan dan chUa du'de thu hu'dng day dii. cdng bSng thanh qua cua cong cudc ddi mdi" [3|.
De thyc hien td't Chifdng trinh Muc lieu quo'c gia \'e ,\da ddi giam ngheo. tif nam 1993 de'n nay.
Viet Nam da 6 Ian dieu ehinh chuan ngheo: Ngay 19/5/2011. Chinh phu dii ban hanh Nghi quye'l sd' 80/NQ-CP ve dinh hifdng giam ngheo ben viing ihdi k\ tif nam 2011 - 2020. \di muc lieu tdng quat: Giam ngheo ben \u'ng la mdl irong nhiing
So 9 - T h a n g 5/2020 211
TAP cm CONG THIlOIIG
trong tam eiia Chien lUde phat t n e n kinh le - \ a hoi giai doan 2011 - 2020 n h i m cai thien va tiing bifdc nang cao dieu k i c n .sdng eua ngu'di ngheo.
irUde h e l d khu \ i f c mien n i i i . \ iing ddng bao dan loc thieu so. tao sif chuyen bie'n manh m e . loan dien d cac viing ngheo. thu hep khoang each chenh leeh giifa thiinh thi \ a ndng thdn. giUa eae v i i n g . cac dan lgc \ a cac nhdm dan cU. Nga>
19/1 1/2015. Tha lu'dng Chinh phii da ban hiinh Quye'l dinh s d 5 9 / 2 0 l 5 / Q D - T T g ve viee ban hiinh chuan ngheo tie'p can da chieu ap dung cho giai doan 2016 - 2020, Ngoai ra. Chinh phu edn ban hanh eac nghi quye't. quye'l d m h . . \ e xda ddi giam ngheo. phat trien k c i ca'u ha tang, lin dung, bao h i e m y l e . giao due.... iao dieu k i e n cho ngUdi ngheo phat trien siin xuii't. nang cao thu nhap, lie'p can vdi eac dieh vu xa hdi gdp phan thifc hien muc lieu qud'e gia xda ddi giiim ngheo.
Qudc hoi khda X I l l . tai k) hgp thu" 7 da ban hanh Nghi quye't so 76/2014/QH13 ngay 24/6/2014 ve day manh thifc hien mue tieu giam ngheo ben viJng de'n nam 2020.
Clic chinh sach xda ddi guim ngheo d nUde la trong giai doan hien nay lap irung d m p l sd' linh vifc nhif sau: Chinh saeh ifu dai lin dung cho ngu'di ngheo; Chinh sach ho trcf san xua'l, cung cap dieh
\ u khuye'n ndng, khuye'n lam. khuye'n ngU;Chinh sach day nghe. giai quye't viec lam va xua'l khau lao dpng; Chinh sach hd trd ve nha d . da't san xua'l vii nu'dc smh hoat; Chinh sach hd trd ngu'di ngheo ve >• l e ; Chinh sach ho ird ngu'di ngheo ve giao due - dao lao; Chinh sach hd trd giam ngheo dac thu (Chinh phii ban hanh Nghi qu\e'i so' 30a/2008/NQ-CP ve chu'dng t n n h hd i r d giam ngheo nhanh va ben vCfng dd'i vdi 61 huyen ngheo nha't ca nifdc);... nham thife hien muc tieu "dan giiiu, nu'dc manh. dan chii. edng bang, van m i n h " . 2. Thi^c t r a n g cong tac g i a m ngheo t r o n g d d n g bao K h m e r t i n h Sdc T r a n g
Sdc T r a n g iii tinh ed ddng ddng bao Khmer nhal ea nu'dc. Theo k e i qua T d n g dieu tra dan so' va nhii d nam 2019. Sdc Trang cd 397.014 ngu'di Khmer, c h i e m 30.7'"!- diin so'loan linh. Mac dii Irong nhiing nam qua. ba con Khmer da thu hudna nhieu ehu tru'dng. ehinh sach cija Dans \ i i
Nha nifdc cho cdng tac .xda d d i , g i i i m ngheo eac ehinh sdch an smh xii hdi khac. nhifng i trang ngheo cua ddng bao K h m e r kha nghi trong. ly le hd Khmer ngheo kha cao. ihu nl iha'p. ddi sd'ng khd khiin. V i \ 4 \ . g i a m ngheo chung va trong ddng bao Khmer ndi rieng la ' de quan trgng \'a ca'p bach dang diit ra hien n Ngheo la l i n h trang bi thie'u thd'n \'e nh phUdng dien, nhUthu nhap iha'p do bi ihieu cd lao ihu nhap, thie'u nhiing nhu cau cd ban hi ngay cua cudc sd'ng. ihie'u tai sdn de lieu di llic ba'i trdc xay ra va de bi ldn ihifdng trifdc r mat do thien l a i , benh lat, tai nan [ 5 ] . La i irong 2S linh ven bien cua nUdc ta, Sdc Trang VI tri chie'n lifdc quan irpng ve chinh t n . kinh viin hda va an ninh qud'e phdng dd'i vdi ca ni ndi chung va vimg ddng bang sdng Cu'u Long rieng. Tif khi l a i lap linh (1992) de'n nay, J Trang dat du'de nhieu thanh tifu dang ke, id'c tiing trifdng kinh le dat 7.3%. khu vu'c 1 U 4,8%. khu vUc 11 lang I0.82<7f. khu vtfc 111 ti 8.14%; cd ca'u kinh l e ' c h u y e n dich theo hifr tieh eUc. GRDP binh quiin dau ngu'di dai 46 Ir ddng/nam; ty trgng khu vifc l - I l - l I I IUdng I'fn^
37,77% - 17,82% - 4 4 , 4 1 % [61. LTnh vifc van h xa hpi cd n h i l u tie'n bp. Cac chinh sdch an sinh hdi dUdc quan tam thi/c hien. An ninh chinh trat lif an loan xa hdi cd ban difdc d5m bao.
Tuy n h i e n , h i e n nay Sdc T r i i n g vSn lii i trong nhtfng linh ngheo nhii't cua ca nUde vii I vUc ddng bang song Cu'u Long. Trong nhu'ng n qua, linh da trien khai nh\iu chu trifdng, ch sach xoa d d i , giam ngheo. nha't lii tap trung ( ddng bao Khmer va dat nhieu thanh iich i n viec gidm ngheo. Nhu'ng hd ngheo vdn edn I cao vdi 15.890 h d , ehie'm 4 , 9 1 % ; irong dd, Khmer ed 7.694 hp, chie'm 48.42% so' hg ngi Clia linh va 14.747 hd ciin ngheo (niim 2019) Do ba con ddng bao K h m e r sd'ng ehu ye'u trung d vung sau. viing xa. ndi cd d i e u k i e i nhien khdng Ihuan ldi cho viec san xua'l, k doanh; ndi cd dieu k i e n ha liinij thie't ye'u i k e m phat t r i e n . d i e u k i e n di l a i . mua ban.
xua'l cua ba con gdp nhieu khii kb,in M i i i kl ba con Khmer sd'ng chu ye'u du,' ,() san x
{jUANTBiqilANir
nong nghiep nhifng ihieu da'l dai. vdn, trinh do hpc van. chuyen mdn tbiip. ty le that nghiep cao.
dieu kien an d ihie'u thd'n. khd khan, y ihilc tu' vi/dn len kem [8]. Vi the. linh irang ngheo trong dong bio Khmer khd nghiem irgng. lam cho cong tiic giam ngheo ciJa tinh Sdc Trang gap nhieu khd khiin. \ifa thoai ngheo lai lai ngheo dien ra thifdng xuyen. VT vay, de gdp phiin phat tnen kinhte- \a hdi ben vUng, can phai cd nhUng gidi phap hilu hieu, lau dai va tich cifc Irong cdng idc jiiam ngheo ndi chung va cho ddng bao Khmer Sdc Triing hien nay ndi rieng la can thiel.
3. Mnl sd' giai phap giam ngheo b^n viing trong ddng bao Khmer tinh Sdc Trang thcVi gian tdi
De gdp phan xda bd linh trang khd khiin, diiy lili linh irang ddi ngheo, giam khoang each chenh l^ch ve mile sd'ng giii'a cac tang Idp dan cif de phdt irienkinh te ben vifng, can thifc hien ddng bd, Uiu dii vi tich cifc mpl sd' giai phap bifu hieu sau:
Thif nhdt, can lap trung phat trien long hdp kinh ic bien. Sdc Trang vdi 72 km bd bien vii 03 cu'a sdng chinh la Dinh An, Tran De vii My Thanh.
Sdc TriSng rii't thuan ldi phal trien tdng hdp kinh te bien, lao cdng an, viSc him cho Iao dpng liim thue, tifdd ihiicday kinh te phat trie'n va gdp phan \i^io cong tac xda ddi. gidm ngheo |9].
De phal trien kinh te bie'n, Sdc Trang ciin phai: (1) Chuyen ddi ed ca'u cay Irdng, vai nudi phU hdp vdi bie'n ddi khi hiiu, ban, man, tang cifdng he thd'ng lUdi lieu, nao vel kenh raeh lich irif nu'dc ngot cho mua khd va cac bien phap chdng chiu vdi ngoai canh khac nghiet. Trdng va bao \e rifng ngiip man. tUng bifdc khdi phue he Ihdng sinh thai; (2) Da\ manh khai thac danh bii't va nudi trdng thuy sdn viing nifdc Id. nudi trdng ihiiy san theo hu'dng da dang cac dd'i tifdng. phat Irien md hinh nudi cdng nghe cao nham tao san pham sach, phue \u ehe bie'n xuii't khiiu. Day manh phdt men cde dich vu hiiu citn nghe cd, md rpng. nang cap vii khai thac hieu qua cang ed Tran De; (3) Phat trien eae nganh cdng nghiep phai giin vdi ldi the vung bien va ven bien, phat irien manh cac dich vu \an tai bien. dich vu du ljch bien, du lieh sinh thai... (4) Keu gpi dau lU
cac khu cdng nghiep. cum cdng nghiep. nhal la dau tu' xay cang mfdc sau Tran De. phat trien cang bien phue vu eho xuat. nhap khau ndng san.
\ a t Itf ndng nghiep. ddnh bdi thuy, hai sdn; (5) Day manh dau tu phdt trien ke't ca'u ha tang giao ihdng. dau tif edc tuye'n giao thdng dd'i ngoai, giao thdng ven bien. d cdc luye'n \an ldi hang hda ven bien. Iie'n tdi van tai bien den cdc nude trong khu VLfc. Phal trien giao thdng dudng ihiiy dong bo gitfa eang, luyen - ludng va dpi tau van tdi. Diiu lu'he thd'ng de sdng. de bien phue vu phdi Irie'n kinh le'. kel hdp qud'e phdng - an ninh vii L?ng phd vdi bie'n ddi khi hau.
Thd hai. day manh phat trien du lich. nhii't la du lich sinh thai \ii du lich liim linh. Vdi ldi the'cd 03 cifa sdng Idn dd ra bien, cd he sinh thdi vung ngap man vifa cd gid tri kinh te ldn. vtia la liem nang phdt trien du lich. Sdc Trang cd dai cCi lao Ihudc huyen Ke Sach, Long Phii va CCi Lao Dung chay dai ra tan cu'a bien vdi nheu vu'dn cay an trai nhiet ddi va khdng khi irong Ianh,... Diiy la dia diem ly tifdng de phal trien loai hinh du Iich smh thdi. Doc bd bien cljng cd nhieu bai tam dep, cd the la ndi nghi du'dng kel hdp du Iich sinh Ihdi nhu Hd Be (VTnh Chau). An Thanh Nam (Cu Lao Dung).... Sdc Triing hien md luye'n du lich ra Cdn Ddo bdng tau cao td'c. Tif Sdc Trang di Phii Quo'c kha gan bang difdng bien. nen khd nang md tuye'n dUa du khach id Sdc Trang ra Phii Qud'e rat thuan ldi.
Dac biel. Sdc Trang cd nhieu liem nang phdt trien du hch \dn hda. tam linh vdi dac trUng 03 dan tde Kinh - Khmer - Hoa. Vdi ldi the' viing da't ed 03 dan tgc chinh, Sdc Trang vd'n rat ndi lieng vdi nhieu dia danh (chua Ddi, Dal Set. Ho Nifdc ngpt...}, da dang trong sinh boat van hda, le hdi (Ooc om boe - Dua ghe Ngo. Le hpi sdng mfdc miet vifdn miing 5/5 Am Iich.. ) va net am ihife ddc ddo qua iifng dac san cua linh (bdnh Pia.
bdnh Cd'ng. bun Nu'dc leo....). Tiem nang du lich ra'l da dang, trong dd du hch Ie hot, am thifc va du lich tham quan chua chien la the' manh, ne'u linh phdt huy to'i da tiem nang nay se gdp phan vao giai quye't cdng an. viec liim. lang thu nhap cho dia phu'dng.
So 9-Thang 5/2020 213
TAP CHl CONG imfllNG
trpng tam ciia Chien Iddc phai trien k m h te - xa hdi giai doan 2 0 ! 1 - 2020 nham cdi thien va tdng budc nang cao dieu kien sd'ng cua ngu'di ngheo.
infdc h e l d khu \'Uc mien n i i i . vung ddng bao dan lpc thieu so; tao su' ehuj'en bien manh me. loan dien d edc vung ngheo: thu hep khoang cdeh chenh lech giifa thanh thj \ i i ndng thdn, giifa eac vfing. cdc dan toe va cdc nhdm diin cif. N g a \ 19/1 1/2015. Thu IUdng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 59/2015/QD-TTg ve \ iec ban hanh chuan ngheo tie'p can da ehieu dp dung cho giai doan 2016 - 2020. Ngoiii ra. Chinh phu cdn ban hanh edc nghi quyet. q u \ e t djnh.... \ e xda ddi giam ngheo. phdt irien kel ca'u ha lang. tin dung.
bdo h i e m y te', gido due,... tao dieu k i e n cho ngifdi ngheo phat trien san xua't. nang cao ihu nhiip, tie'p can vdi cdc dich vu \ a hdi gdp phan thife hien muc tieu qud'e gia xda ddi giam ngheo.
Qud'e hgi khda X l l l . tai ky hpp ihu" 7 da ban hanh Nghi quye't .sd' 76/2014/QH13 ngay 24/6/2014 \ e diiy manh thifc hien mtic lieu gidm ngheo ben viing den niim 2020.
Cac ehinh sdch xda ddi gidm ngheo d nUde la irong giai doan hien nay tiip trung d mdt sd' linh vifc nhu'sau Chinh sach ifu dai tin dung cho ngifdi ngheo; Chinh saeh hd trd san xuii't, cung cap dieh vu khuye'n ndng. khuye'n Iam, khuye'n ngd; Chinh sach day nghe. gidi quye't \ iee liim va xuii'l khau Iao ddng; Chinh sach hd trd ve nha d. dat san xua't va nifdc sinh hoai; Chinh sdch hd ird ngu'di ngheo ve y l e , Chinh sdch hd ird ngu'di ngheo ve giao due - dao lao; Chinh sdch hd trd giam ngheo dac thil (Chinh phii ban hanh Nghj quye't so' 30a/2008/NQ-CP \ e chUdng trinh hd trd g i a m ngheo nhanh va ben vifng dd'i vdi 61 huyen ngheo nhiil ca nifdc);. . nhdm thifc hien muc l i e u "dan giau. nu'dc manh. dan ehu, cdng bdng, van m i n h " . 2. T h t i c t r a n g c o n g !ac g i a m ngheo t r o n g d d n g bao K h m e r ti'nh Sdc T r a n g
Sdc Triing la dnh cd ddng ddng bao Khmer nhiil ea nu'dc Theo ke't qud Tong dieu ira dan so' va nha d nam 2019. Sdc Triing cd 397.014 ngu'di Khmer, c h i e m 30.7% dan sd' toiin tinh. Mac dii trong nhifng nam qua. ba con Khmer da thu htfdni: nhieu chu tru'dng. ehinh sach eua Dane va
Nha nude cho cdng ide xda d d i . gidm ngheo cac chinh sdch an sinh xa hdi khac. nhu'ng t trang ngheo ctia ddng bao K h m e r khd nghi trgng. ly le hd Khmer ngheo khd cao. ihu nl tha'p, ddi .sd'ng khd khan. V i viiy. g i d m ngheo chung va irong ddng bao Khmer ndi rieng Id ^ de quan trong va ciip bach dang dai ra hien n
Ngheo lii linh irang bi thie'u thd'n vc nh phu'dng dien, nhUlhu nhap ihii'pdo bi ihieu cd tao thu nhap. ihie'u nhifng nhu ciiu cd ban h:
ngay cua cudc sd'ng. thieu lai sdn de lieu d i luc ba'i trdc xay ra \ a de bi ldn thu'dng trUde i m d l do thien tai. benh tat, tai nan | 5 ] . Lii ii irong 28 linh ven bien cua nddc la, Sdc Trang VI tri chie'n lifdc quan trpng ve ehinh i r i . kinh van hda va an ninh qudc phdng dd'i vdi ca ni ndi chung vii viing ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long rieng. T i l khi ldi lap tinh (1992) de'n nay, 5 Trang dat du'de nhieu thanh tilu ddng ke, Idc lang tnfdng kinh te' dat 7,3%. khu vifc I lii 4,8%, khu vUc I I lang 10.82%. khu vtfc 111 lii 8,14%; cd ca'u kinh l e ' c h u y e n dich theo hUf lieh eUc. GRDP binh quan dau ngifdi dai 46 Ir ddng/nam; ty trgng khu vifc 1-!I-1H tifdng ifng 37,77% - 17.82% - 4 4 . 4 1 % [6]. LTnh vtfc van h xd hpi cd nhieu lien bd. Cde ehinh sdch an sinh hdi dddc quan tam thifc hien. An ninh ehinh trat tif an loan xa hdi cd ban difdc dam bdo.
Tuy n h i e n , h i e n nay Sdc T r a n g vdn id ri trong nhifng tinh ngheo nha'l cua ca nddc va I vUc ddng bdng sdng Cdu Long. Trong nhffng n qua, l i n h da trien khai nhieu chu trddng, eh sdch xda d d i , gidm ngheo, nhii'i la tap trung i ddng bao K h m e r va dat nhieu thanh lich trt viec giam ngheo. Nhu'ng hd ngheo vdn cdn I cao vdi 15.890 b d , chie'm 4 , 9 1 % ; trong d d , Khmer cd 7.694 h d , chie'm 48,42% sd hd ngi cua tinh va 14.747 ho can ngheo (nam 2019) | Do ba eon ddng bao K h m e r sd'ng chu ye'u trung d vung sau, vung xa, ndi ed d i e u kien nhien khdng thuan l d i cho vide san xua'l, k doanh; ndi cd dieu k i e n ha iang thie'l ye'u i k e m phal t r i e n . d i e u k i e n di l u i . mua ban. • xua'l cua ba con gdp nhieu khd khfin Mat kh ba con Khmer sd'ng chu ye'u du':> ,,) san x
QUAN TRj-QUAN IY
nong nghiep nhu'ng ihie'u da't dai, vd'n, trinh dp hoc \an. chuyen mdn tha'p. ty le tha'l nghiep cao.
di^u kien an d Ihie'u thd'n. khd khan, y thdc id vifdn len kem |8]. Vi the', iinh irang ngheo trong dong bao Khmer khd nghiem trpng. lam cho cdng Vic giam ngheo cua tinb Sdc Trang gap nhieu khd khdn. \i(d ihodt ngheo lai idi ngheo dien ra Ihifdng \iiyen. Vi vay, de gdp phan phai tnen kinhle- xa hdi ben vffng, can phai cd nhffng giai phap hffu hieu, lau dai va tich cdc Irong cdng lac giam ngheo ndi chung va cho ddng bao Khmer Soc Trdng hien nay ndi rieng la can ihiet.
3. Mgt sd'giai phap giam ngheo ben vifng trong ddng bao Khmer tinh Sdc Trang thofi gian Idi
De gdp phan xda bo tinh irang khd khdn, day lili ttnh trang ddi ngheo, gidm khoang each chenh l^ch ve mdc sd'ng gifla cac tang Idp dan cdde phal trien kinh le'ben vifng, can thifc hien ddng bo. lau tiat vi lich cifc mdl sd'gidi phdp hdu hieu sau:
Thd nhdt. can tap trung phat irien idng hdp kinh le'bien. Sdc Trang vdi 72 km bd bien va 03 cda song chinh la Djnh An. Tran De va My Thanh.
Soc Trdng rat Ihuan ldi phal trien long hdp kinh le bien. lao cdng dn.vieclam eho lao ddng Iam thue.
iUdd thiie day kinh le'phdt trien va gdp phan vao Cling tde xda ddi, giam ngheo [9].
De phdt trien kinh le' bien. Sdc Trang can phai: (I) Chuyen doi cd ca'u cay irdng, vat nudi phii hdp \di bie'n ddi khi hau. han, man. lang cifdng he thd'ng tifdi lieu, nao vet kenh raeh tich irif nddc ngpt cho miia khd va cdc bien phdp chdng chiu vdi ngoai cdnh khac nghiel. Trdng va biio \e rdng ngap man. tdng bddc khdi phue he ihd'ng sinh thdi; (2) Da\ manh khai thdc ddnh bat va nudi irdng thily sdn \ung nddc Id. nudi trdng thiiy sdn theo hddng da dang ede dd'i tddng, phat irien md hinh nudi cdng nghe cao nhdm tao sdn phdm saeh. phue vu che bie'n xua't khau. Day manh phal trien cdc dich \u hau can nghe cd. md rgng. nang cap va khai thdc hieu qua cang ca Tran De; (3) Pbdl irien cdc nganh cdng nghiep phai gan vdi ldi the vung bien va ven bien, phat trien manh eae dich \u van tdi bien. dieh vu du iich bien. du lich sinh thdi,.; |4) Keu ggi dau td
cdc khu cdng nghiep. cum cdng nghiep. nhal la dau td xay cang nu'dc sau Tran De. phdi irien cdng bien phue vu cho xuat. nhap kha'u ndng sdn.
vat tu' ndng nghiep. ddnh ba'i thuy. hai san; |5) Day manh dau id phat irien ket ca'u ha lang giao thdng. dau tUcac tuye'n giao thong dd'i ngoai, giao thong \'enbien. d cac tuye'n \an tai hang hda ven bien. tien tdi van tai bien de'n cac ndde trong khu VLfc. Phal trien giao thong dddng thuy ddng bp giffa cdng. luye'n - ludng \a ddi lau van tdi. Diiu Id he thd'ng de sdng. de bien phue vu phal trien kinh le. ket hdp qud'e phdng - an ninh va dng phd vdi bie'n ddi khi hau.
Thif hai. da'y manh phdt tridn du lieh. nha't ia du lieh sinh thai \a du Iich lam linh. Vdi ldi the'cd 03 cifa sdng Idn dd ra bien. eo he sinh thdi vung ngap man vda cd gid tn kmh te Idn. vda la liem nang phat trien du lieh. Sdc Trdng cd ddi cu Iao thupc huyen Ke'Sdch. Long Phu va Cu Lao Dung chay dai ra lan cda bien vdi nheu vddn cay an ird I nhiel ddi vd khdng khi irong lanh,... Diiy la dia diem ly tddng de phdt trien loai hinh du Iich sinh thai. Dpc bd bien eiing ed nhieu bai tam dep, cd the la ndi nghi dddng ke't hdp du lich sinh thai nhuHd Be (Vinh Chau). An Thanh Nam (Cu Lao Dung).... Sdc Trang hien md tuye'n du lich ra Cdn Dao bang lau cao td'c. Tff Sdc Trdng di Phii Qudc khd gan bang dddng bien. nen kha nang md tuye'n dda du khaeh iff Sdc Trang ra Phii Qudc ra't thuan Idl.
Dde biet, Sdc Trang cd nhieu liem nang phdt trien du lich van hda. tam Iinh vdi dac trffng 03 dan lpc Kinh - Khmer- Hoa. Vdi ldi the'viing da't cd 03 dan tde chinh, Sdc Trdng vd'n ra'l ndi tie'ng vdi nhieu dia danh (chiia Ddi. Dii't Set, Ho Nu'dc ngot.,,.). da dang trong sinh hoat van hda, le hdi {Goc om boe - Dua ghe Ngo. Ld hdi sdng nu'dc miet vtfdn mung 5/5 Am lich....} va net am thdc doe dao qua tdng dac san cua linh (banh Pia.
bdnh Cd'ng. biin Nddc leo....). Tiem ndng du ljch ra't da dang, trong do du heh Ie hdi. am thdc va du Iich tham quan chiia chien Iii the manh. neu tinh phdt huy Id'i da tiem nang nay se gdp phiin vao giai quye't cong an. \ iec Iam. tang ihu nhap cho dia phddng.
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Thd ha. tiep tuc thifc hien Chifdng trinh Mue tieu Qudc gia \ e \ a \ ' ddng Ndng thdn m d i . Ho ngheo. can ngheo ddng bao Khmer Sdc Trdng tap irung chu ye'u d ndng thdn. Iam ndng nghiep \ 3 Id ndng dan. V i \ a \ . ddng bao Khmer la nhffng ngddi de bi ldn thifdng nha't tru'dc nhffng b i e n ddng ve lhi trddng. gia ea va bien ddi khi hau.
Trong thdi gian qua. Dang \ a Nha nddc rat quan tam de'n sU phat m e n todn dien d khu vilc ndng thdn va da'y manh xa) ddng Ndng ihdn m d i , mac du ty le hd ngheo va ciin ngheo hang ndm cd g i a m . nhifng hien na\ \ a n edn khd eao. diic biet la dd'i vdi nhffng \ d chifa dai chua'n Ndng thdn m d i , xa ed ddng ddng bao Khmer smh sdng. Do dd. trong thdi gian i d i . can q u } e t tdm thdc hien Quye't dmh so 1600/QD-TTg cua Thu tu'dng Chinh phii \ a Nghi qu\e'i D a i hdi Ddng bd tinh Ian thd X I I I . nhiem ky 2016-2020 \ e thifc hien Chddng trinh M t i c l i e u Qudc gia \ e \ a ) dung ndng thdn m d i iren dia ban linh Sdc Trang nhdm xfu difng \ d phdt m e n toan dien trong cdc linh
\ i f e ndng iigbicp. ndng dan va ndng thdn.
Thd lif, lie'p iuc Ihdc hicn edc chinh sdch xa hdi.
Hd ird hoc sinh ngheo: Nhiim ihifc hien miie lieu nang cao trinh do ddn tri. dao tao ngudn nhan Idc va gdp phan giam ngheo ben vffng trong thdi gian l d i . can phai xay ddng ehinh sdch loan dien hd trd ebo ire em ngheo ndi ehung va tre em ngheo Klimci ndi rieng. de tre em cd dieu kien den trifdng. dddc hge lap. md mang kie'n thffc.
nang eao irinh d d . Cho nen. can tiep tuc cdi ihien he thdng cung ca'p dich \ u giao due ca \ e cd sd
\'at eha'l. dpi ngu gido \ ien. chu'dng trinh hge. Ddc biet. liep tuc md r p n g d a \ hoe song ngff cho ddng bao Khmer.
Hd ird > ic Trong thdi gian tdi. de gdp phan
\ a o edng lae cham sdc \ il bao \ e sdc khde nhan dan. can phdi thdc hien tdi ehinh sdch ho ird bdo hiem \ ic cho cac hd ngheo. can ngheo. nhd'l la diVi \ d i hd Khmer ngheo de tao dieu kien ihuan ldi eho bd con khi kham. chda benh.... giam gdnh niing chi p h i ) te. Tie'p tuc dau Id ed sd \ at chat, trang thiol bi \ ic cho eac tuyen. nha'l la tram > te
\ a \ iini; sau. \ u n g \ a : Phdi trien md hinh dpi \ te
Iffu ddng de trien khai ede boat ddng k h d m . ehi benh tai viing sau. viing xa. \ a > d i f n g x a d p d i i ehe d d , chinh sach dao tao \ a phat trien ngui nhan Idc y te' cho vung ddng bao Khmer; Td cddng khd nang cung dng dich vu \ te cd ban c ngddi ngheo trong ddng bao Khmer;...
Hd trd nhd d : Mffc hd trd nha d theo Quy dinh sd I67/200S/QD-TTg hien nay ra'l thd'p, vay ciin phdi dieu chinh mdc hd i r d iff ngan sd ve nha d cho hd ngheo de dam bao cd dude c, nha chat Iddng dam bao, kien c d . Cap ihie'l ph xem \ e i hd trd cho nhdng hp ngheo dang sd'i tren cdc kenh. raeh. thuyen, ngddi khdng ed tl d dl ddi den cdc khu. cum tai djnh cif: giin hd t nha d vdi cdng idc di dan de dffa ngddi dan khdi nhffng dia ban cd nhieu riii ro ve ihien I cd the dnh hffdng de'n linh mang.
Hd trd ndde sach: Can da'y manh xiiy ddi m d l . nang cap he thd'ng cap nddc saeh, nhd'l dd'i vdi ndng thdn. Phai cd nhffng chinh sach i trd chi phi cho hd ngheo. can ngheo tie'p c, ngudn nffdc sach td nddc may. nffdc ciiy Id khou Ben canh d d , can phai cd chinh sdch hd trd 1 ngheo Khmer cdc \ a i dung dff trff nffdc nhdm d phd vdi mua k h d ; Tffng bifde lieu chua'n hda c diem cap nifdc tap trung cho dia biin ddng b.
Khmer ngheo; Ddng ehd y, can dieu chlnh m hd trd cho hd ngheo Khmer d nhdng viing kl khan lidp can ngudn nddc sach.
Ve hd ird dien: Ngiinh Dien da gdp phdn i Idn vao cdng tde xda ddi gidm ngheo, nhdng vi sd dung dien d mot sd' hd hicn nay cd nhieu v de xdy ra, nhd chay. n d . Do d d . trong ihdi gi t d i , nganh chdc nang can tdng eu'dng dau tu'cd ha lang dien, nha'l la ddu t d Iddi dien trdng dd biio Khmer de ba con dng dung dien vao sdn xi va sinh hoat. Ben canh d d , can tuyen truyc hddng dan eho ba con Khmer sff dung dien ti k i e m , an loan. Dong thdi. Ddng va Nhd nudce pbdl ed chinh sdch hd trd ho ngheo Khmer dien sinh hoal.
Ve lie'p can thdng tin: De ngifdi d a n . nhd'l bii con Khmer d ndng thdn. v i i n i : sdu. viing dUdc lie'p can. cung cap d i i \ dii thdng tin ve c irddng, chinh sach ciia E)ang. phap luai cua N
QUAN T R I - Q U A N L Y
nffdc; kinh nghiem sdn xua't; linh hinh phal trien kmh IC - \a hdi ciia linh. da'l nddc can phai cd chinh sdi-h. dff an hd ird eho cac xa vung sau, viing xa. ddng bao Khmer, hd ngheo. hg khd khan
\c cd sd \d\ chd'l, dieu kien tie'p can thdng tin.
thdng qua cue kenh truyen hinh, phdt ihanh, bao.
id rdi. pano....
Dio iao nghe va gidi quyel viec lam: Dd'i vdi ngddi ngheo Khmer Sdc Trang vl hgc va'n tha'p nen khdng lim dddc viec lam, hoiic lam cdng viec lao dpng nilng nhpc. thddng xdy ra lai nan lao dpng nid thu nhap thd'p, khdng ddm bao cudc sdng. Vi the can phai diiy manh eong idc ddo tao nghe cho cde hd ngheo, de ngu'di lao dpng Khmer cd mpl Irinh dd, tay nghe, nang life, thdi dd nha't dinh ed the lim dddc cdng viec on dinh. Cdng tac dao lao nghe phdi ga'n vdi thi Irddng lao ddng, dio lao Iheo dia chi, theo nhu ciiu cua thi Iru'dng.
JM.'II khde, Ciin phdi day manh cdng lac gidi thieu.
giao djch vice Idm. Khi ddng bao Khmer cd viec lam, ihu nhdp eiia gia dinh dn dinh, chdc cha'n g.iiih ndng ve an sinh xd hdi se gidm di,
Nang eao y thffc td Idc pha'n da'u vffdn len cho hd ngheo, can ngheo: De thdc hien ihanh cdng giam ngheo ben vffng, lien ldi no dii, giau cd. ben canh nhffng chu irffdng, ehinh sdch cua Dang va Nhi nffdc ciin phai tuyen iruyen ddng bao Khmer nang cao V ihdc, linh than pha'n da'u, iff vu'dn len.
y ehi Iff life, id cddng de cho ba eon Khmer khdng trdng chd. y lai vao Dang va Nhd nffdc. Dong
thdi. phai thffc hanh liet kiem. iff dd ddng bao cd lhe tff \Mn Ien trong cupc sd'ng. ihodi ngheo.
Mill, dil ihdi gian qua, Tinh iiy. Uy ban Nhan dan linh da quan tam \a thffc hien id'l ehinh sdch ddn tpc nen tinh hinh kinh te. xd hdi d vung ddng bao Khmer cd bddc phat tnen vffng chiie, ddi sd'ng tdng bddc dddc eai ihien; cdng tde gidodtic - dao tao. chdm sdc sdc khde eho nhan dan ed nhieu ehuyen bie'n tieh cffe; ke't ca'u ha tang dffdc diiu tif. da gdp phan giai quye't dddc nhu cau cd ban ve nddc sinh hoat. nhd 3. da'l d. viec lam, da gdp phiin vao cdng cudc giam ngheo, ndng cao ddi sd'ng viit cha'l va iinh ihan cho ddng bao Khmer, Tuy nhien. ddng bao Khmer hien nay cdn khdng it khd khdn. khoang cdch chenh leeh giau ngheo khd Idn; chd't Iddng, hieu qua gido due - dao tao cdn thd'p; edng tac cha m sdc sdc khde edn nhieu ban ehe: phong luc, tap qudn sdn xua'l va ddi sd'ng edn lac hau: ha tang chda hoan chinh, ddng bp; nang Idc, trinh dp cua cdn bp d cd sd edn ban ehe';... De thuc td't cdng tde dan tde irong linh hinh mdi, trong dd cd edng idc giam ngheo ben vffng trong ddng bao Khmer ndi rieng, cdc ea'p uy Dang va he thd'ng chinh trj trong ttnh Sdc Tiang ciin lap trung ihffc hien ddng bd cac gidi phdp. dac biel can quan tdm nhat la cdng idc gido due - ddo tao va ffng dung manh me cdc lien bo khoa hpe k\ thual trong san xua't va ddi sd'ng, gdp phan ihUe hien mue tieu "ddn giau, nffdc manh, dan chii. cdng bdna. van minh" •
T U L I ^ r THVMKHAO:
1. Ban chii'p hanh Trung Udng Dang Cong siin Vicl Nam (2012). Nglii quyet .so IS-NQ/TW Hdi nghi lan ihil nam Ban chdp hdnh Trung Ucmg khda XI mdl sd vd'n de ve chinh sdch xa hgi gicn dogn 2012 - 2020.
2. Diing Cgng siin Viei Nam (2011). Vdn kien Dai hgi dcil bieu lodn qudc Idn ihd XL NXB Chinh iri qude gia, Hii NVi?
3. Diing Cdng san VieiNam (2016). Vdn kien Dcii hoi dcii bieu loan qude ldn thd XII, NXB Chinh in qudc gia, H.i Noi"
4 Tap eht Cdng san (2014). Xda doi. gidm ngheo hen vdng trong dong hao clan tck cdc tinh. thdnh phia Nam.
K\ \L'ii hpi ihao, linh Trii Vinh.
5. Chinh phu NUdc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2015), Quye'l dinb sd !6I4 (15/9/2015) ciia Thii lUdng Chinh phu, phe duyxt De cin tcfng the "Chuvcn ddi phifcfng phdp tiep cdn do Itfcfng ngheo tif dcfn chieu sang ddclueu dp clung cho giai dogn 2016-2020".
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6 UBND linh SocTnlng 12020), Bdo cdo Kinh tc - Xd hdi ndm 2019 vd mue tieu, nhiem \u •lai phopcliity plidl tnen kinb le-xd hdi ndm 21)20
7. L'B.VD dan tinh Sdc Trang (2020) Bdo cdo Tong kci eong idc Ddn tgc nam 2019 vd phiftin: hifdng iiliiem cdng idc ddn lgc nam 2020.
8. Sd Lao dgng. Thu'dng binh va Xa hoi tinh Sdc Trang (2020). Bdo cdo cdng tcic ddo too nghe. gidi quyet vi lain ndm 2019 vd phucmg hifdng. nhiem vu 2020.
9. Sd Ndng nghiep va Phai trien Ndng thon (20201. Bdo cdo Tiing ke't iinh liinh cdng tde nam 2019 vd philo hudng, nhiem vu nam 2020.
Ngay nhan bai: 8/4/2020
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sda cbila: 18/4/2020 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 28/4/2020
Thdng lin idc gid:
ThS. TRAN THANH TU ThS. CO T H . V N H TRUNG Trdffng Chinb tri tinh Sdc Triing
SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION SOLUTIONS FOR ETHNIC KHMER LIVING
IN SOC TRANG PROVINCE
• Moser, TRAN THANH TU
• Maser. CO THANH TRUNG School of Politics - Soc Trang Province
ABSTRACT:
Sustainable poverty reduction is a major policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Go\'ernment of Vietnam In recenty years, many resolutions and practical programs of sustainable poverty reduclion have been launched in Vietnam. Vietnam has achieved many positive results which win widespread praise from inlemational organizations. This paper analyzes the guidelines and policies of the Party Committee of Soc Trang Province and the provincial authorities on poverty reduclion for ethnic Khmer.
Keywords: Sustainable poverty reduction, ethnic Khmer, Soc Trang Province.
