TAP CHi GONG THIflfNG
THlJC TRANG PHAT THAI NGANH VAN TAX VIET NAM
VA G d i Y GIAI PHAP
• NGUYEN NGOC THIA
TOM TAT:
Vide phat tridn phffdng tidn van tai bong nganh Van tai giup tang trffdng kinh te. Mat khac, vide phat trien cac phffdng tien van tai lam tang Iffdng khdi bui, d nhilm tieng dn, phat thai CO, gay d nhiem mdi trUdng. Nguyen nhan la do thieu cae nguydn tac va boat dgng ben vffng trong nganh Van tai. Viec phat trien nganh Van tai theo hudng tang trUdng xanh la can thid't.
Bai bao tap trung vao lam rd thuc trang phat thai va hoat ddng giam phat thai cua nganh van tai Vidt Nam. Tff dd gdi y mdt sd de xua't cbo ngSnb Van tai Viet Nam giup giam Iffdng phat thai CO-, gdp phan dat dffdc muc tieu chung qudc gia.
Ttf khoa: Phat thai, giam phat thai, nganh VSn tai
l.Dlitvande
Tang trffdng kmh te Vidt Nam trong nhffng nam gan day dn dinh, dat tren 6,8%, thudc nhdm cac nffdc tang trffdng eao trong khu vffc cung nhu The gidi (Vietnam Report, 2019). Nganh Van tai cd vai trd quan trgng trong vide duy tri tang trffdng kinh te qude gia. Van tai cd vai trd hoan ddi vi tri ciia hang hda va con ngffdi tff ndi nay de'n ndi khac mdt each an loan va nbanh chdng. Cac phffdng tbffc van tai phd bie'n bao gdm: dffdng bd, dffdng sat, dudng thuy, dudng hang khdng va dffdng d'ng. Thd'ng ke ve nang Iffc ddi tau nam 2018, van tai dffdng thuy ndi dia chie'm khoang hdn 17% ty trgng van tai hang hda trong nffdc, v|n tai dudng bd la khoang 77% va van tai bien ven bd la 5% {Thdi bao Tai ebinb Viet Nam, 2019).
Vide phat trien nganh Van tai la can thid't gdp phan thuc day tang trffdng kinh te', tuy nhidn, qua trinh hoat dgng ciia cae phifdng tidn trong nganh
van tai phat thai CO2 gay d nhidm mdi trffdng khdng kbi. Phat thai nganh Van tai Idn thff ba sau nganh nang Iffdng va ndng nghidp, chid'm 18,38%
tdng Iffdng khi thai nha kinh (GHG) (Tap chi Mdi trffdng, 2019). Rieng nganh Van tai da chiem 23% lUdng khi thai CO2 ra mdi trffdng, van tai dffdng bd tieu tbu de'n 80% Iffdng nguydn lidu (Quang Anb, 2019). Nganh Van lai Vidt Nam ddng gdp khoang 10,8% tdng Iffdng phat thai CO2, dff bao mdi nam tang 6-7% (Trung tam Thdng tin va Du bao kinh te'-xa hdi Qud'c gia, 2019). Van tai dffdng bg chid'm ty trong Idn nha't (85% Iffdng khi phat thai) (Bao Tai nguydn Mdi trffdng, 2019). Nghien effu phat thai nganh Van tai Viet Nam la dac biet can thid't trong bd'i canh tang trffdng kinb td' theo hffdng tang trffdng xanh ndi chung va nganh Van tai theo hffdng ffng phd vdi bid'n ddi kbi hau va tang trffdng xanh (Bg Giao thdng Van tai, 2016b).
KINH IE
2. Thtfc trang phat thai nganh Van tai Vidt Nam
2.1. Thiic trgng phdt thdi nganh Vgn tdi Viet Nam
Theo thd'ng kd eua Vien Chie'n Iffdc va Phat trien Giao thdng Van tai, trong giai doan 2011- 2016, cac boat ddng giao thdng van tai (GTVT) d Viet Nam tieu thu khoang 30% tdng nhu cau nang Iffdng qudc gia, 60% tdng nhien lieu tieu tbu va tang 10% mdi nam. Hoat ddng van tai dffdng bd tidu tbu nang Iffdng Idn nha't, chid'm khoang 68%
long nhidn lieu cua nganh; 90% nhien lieu cho GTVT la xang va dau diesel (trong dd ehi 0,3%
nhien lieu sach). Vdi vide tidu thu so lUdng Idn nhidn lieu, cac boat ddng GTVT da phat thai Iffdng Idn kbi nha kinh, lam gia tang bie'n ddi khi bau, Trung binh mdi nam boat ddng GTVT phat thai khoang 30 tridu tan COT (Tap cbi Mdi trffdng, 2019). Trong dd van tai dUdng bd chid'm ty trgng 85% iffdng kbi phat thai loan nganh, van tai dtfdng thuy ndi dia va ven bien chid'm 10%, van tai bang khdng 5% (Bao Tai nguyen Mdi trffdng, 2019)
Qua trinh boat ddng cua cac phffdng tien giao thdng thai Iffdng Idn cae chat gay d nhidm mdi trUdng khdng khi. Ndng do bui trong khdng khi (quy 2/2016) tai cac nut giao thdng d cac tbanh phd nhff Ha Ndi, Ho Cbi Minh, Hai Phdng. Da Nang.
eao hdn tidu chuan cho phep tff 3 - 5 Ian; ndng dd kbi CO, NO trung binh ngay da vffdt tieu chuan eho phep tff 1,2 - 1,5 Ian. Mffe do phat thai cua c^c phffdng tien cd gidi dudng bg phu thudc nbieu vao cha't Iffdng eac loai xe. Nguyen nhan gay d nhiem mdi trffdng nghidm trgng la do cac phffdng tidn d td, xe may qua nhieu nam sff dung cd cha't Iffdng tha'p, bidu qua sff dung nhien lieu tha'p, ndng do chat dgc bai, bui trong khi xa eao. Xe may la ngudn ddng gdp cbinh cac loai khi d nhiem, dac biet la kbi thai CO, xe tai va xe khach cac loai lai thai nhieu NO2 (Tap cbi Mdi trffdng, 2019).
Sff phat tridn nganh Van tai Viet Nam trong nhffng nam qua la phat tridn lech hffdng. Theo Bao cao vd Tang cffdng nganh Van tai dffdng bd tai Viet Nam, van tai bang hda dffdng bg la phffdng tbffc van tai chii ye'u d Viet Nam, chie'm 77% Iffu Iffdng hang hda van chuydn ndi dia va ehi phi logistics chid'm khoang 21% GPD (cao so vdi the' gidi) cd
quan he mat thie't vdi chi phi logistics va phat thai kbi nha kinb. Do dd, de giam chi phi logistics va phat thai khi nha kinh, Viet Nam can phan tich ky va quy hoach lai kbu vffc van tai bang hda dffdng bg cua minh (Bd Giao thdng van tai, 2019). Thffc td' cho thay nganh GTVT dang phat trien chech hffdng bdi Viet Nam cd nbieu the' manh ve bd bien, dffdng thuy ndi dia, do dd giao thdng dffdng thuy phai la chu Iffc.
Tuy nhien thffc td'cbo thay GTVT dffdng bg phat trien rat ndng (77% ty trgng van tai dudng bd).
Giam ddc qud'c gia Ngan bang The gidi tai Viet Nam Ousmane Dione cho rang, mang lffdi dffdng thuy ndi dia cung ddng vai trd then chd't va vSn chuyen khd'i Iffdng hang hda khdng id, chid'm gan 20% tdng Iffu lUdng hang hda. Tuy nhidn, mang lffdi nay hien dang trong tinb trang thieu dau tff mdt each tram trgng, trong khi trdn thffc td'nd chinb la khu vUc can phai tap trung trong be thd'ng vSn tai cua Viet Nam (Thdi bao Tai chinh Viet Nam, 2019).
Cac ngudn phat thai true tid'p ebu ye'u bao gdm cac ddi pbUdng tidn thudc sd hffu cang, phffdng lien quan Iy cang sd hffu hoac cho thud, ndi hdi. Id nung trong eac tda nha, thid't bi xff Iy hang boa. Cac ngudn thai gian tie'p bao gdm lien ke't vdi cac boat dgng eiia ngffdi thud la tau, xe tai, thid't bi nang ba hang hda, dau may xe Iffa, be'n cang thu cdng, ngffdi thud sff dung didn. Cac cang tren dia ban TP. Hd Chi Minh dang phat thai mot khd'i Iffdng Idn khi CO2 ra mdi trUdng la nguyen nhan chinb gSy hieu ffng nha kinh, bidn ddi kbi hau.
Cu the, cang Ben Nghe mdi nam thai tren 5.000 tan CO2; cang Sai Gdn - Hidp Phffdc khoang 7.750 ta'n C02/nam; cang container khoang 101 tan C02/nam; cang xang dau Thanh Ld phat thai khoang 385 tan CO^/nam; cang sffa chffa, ddng tau eung phat thai 2.278 tan C02/nam. Nguyen nhan la do cac phffdng tien tau bidn - nha't la tau qua cu, lac hau - phat thai nhieu khi ddc do hidu sua't dd't chay nhidn lieu tha'p va chua cd he thd'ng xff Iy khi thai, dang la ngudn gay d nhidm ra't Idn dd'i vdi mdi trudng bien (Bao Sai Gdn Giai phdng, 2019).
2.2. Thdc trgng hogt dgng gidm phdt thdi nganh Vgn tdi Viet Nam
Nganh VSn tai Viet Nam trong nhffng nam qua da cd nhffng nd life bao gdm ca nhffng quy dinb ve
TAP CHi CQNG THlftfNG
chinh sach phap luat va nhffng chffdng tnnh, hoat dgng de giam Iffdng kbi phat thai nha kinb gdp phan phuc vu muc tidu cam kd't giam 8% Iffdng khi phat thai nha kinh vao nam 2030 (Vien Khoa hoe ky thuat Ndng nghiep Mien Nam, 2019).
Ve mat chinb sach phap luat, nganh Van tai Viet Nam da ban hanh Thdng tu quy dinh vd dang kiem phffdng tien thiiy ndi dia (Bd GTVT, 2015) trong dd bat budc cac ebu tau sff dung nhidn lieu dung quy dinb. Nam 2016. Bd GTVT ban hanh Ke hoach hanh ddng ffng phd vdi bid'n ddi khi hau va tang trffdng xanh giai doan 2016-2020 (Bd GTVT, 2016b) va Ke hoach hanh ddng giam phat thai khi CO2 trong boat ddng hang khdng dan dung (Bg GTVT, 2016a). Mdt trong cac muc tidu cu the la thuc day sff dung nang Iffdng tai tao, nang Iffdng sach va phffdng tidn, thid't bi, cdng nghd cd hidu sua't nang Iffdng cao trong GTVT; den nam 2020 cd 5-20% sd xe buyt va taxi sff dung nhidn lieu khi nen tff nhien (CNG), kbi dau md hda long (LPG) va nang lUdng mat trdi (Bd GTVT,2016b).
Bdn canh do, eac chUdng trinh, boat dgng cu the nham giam Iffdng khi phat thai C02 cQng dUdc cac ddn vi trien kbai. Mdt sd' boat ddng giam Iffdng khi thai CO-) dien hinh nhU:
- Nam 2016, trien kbai dff an Van lai hang hda va logistics ben vffng khu vifc Mekong gdm 4 phan:
Sff dung nhien lieu bieu qua, van chuyen hang hda nguy hiem, tid'p can tai chinh, chinh sach va nhSn thffc ciia ngffdi tieu diing (Hidp hdi Doanh nghidp dich VII Logistics Viet Nam, 2019).
-Nam 2017, Duanbd thdng quan Iy dieu khien pbUdng tien sinh thai (EMS) dUdc trien kbai tai Ha Ndi vdi eac hoat dgng: Nang cao ky nang didu khien phUdng tidn va y thffc dieu khien phUdng lien sinh thai cbo cac lai xe taxi. Hd thd'ng quan ly dieu khien phffdng tien EMS dffdc lap dat tren cac xe taxi de theo ddi, giam sat va danh gia tinh kha thi Cling nhff bidu qua giam khi thai cbinh xac. Dff an khi hoan thanh se giup tang 10% bieu qua sff dung nhien lieu, nbd do, se giam khoang 1.000 tan C02/nam (vdi 1.000 xe taxi tham gia dieu khien phffdng tien EMS) (Tap cbi Mdi trffdng, 2019).
- Trien khai thi didm dff an sff dung nhien Iidu khi CNG tai TP. Hd Chi Mmh, vdi 50 xe buyt ma sd 01, ed Id trinb boat ddng dai gan 9 km, tuye'n Ben Tbanh - Chd Ldn. Theo ghi nhSn cac kbi thai ddc
hai giam tff 53 - 63%, khi COT gay bieu ffng nh^
kinb giam 20%, khdng cd bui va khdi den, nhidn lieu dffdc ddt chay triet de, dac biet la dd't kidm 30 - 40% nhien bdu (Tap chi Mdi trffdng, 2019).
- Cae san pham, cdng nghe carbon tha'p dffdc rdng rai trong be thd'ng tau bien, he thd'ng xe van chuyen d cac cang nhff cap didn tff bd, den LED tren san bai, xe nang chay dien. Theo dd, cdng Bd'n Nghe giam dffdc 310 ta'n CO^/nam; cang Sai Gdn - Hiep Phudc giam 462 tS'n CO^/nam; cang container giam tren 1.000 tan C02/nam. Ddng thdi cd ca'u lai ddi tau bien qud'c gia hdp ly (loai bd din tau cu, tau gSy nbieu d nhidm) hinh thanh ddi tau tre hien dai, ed sffc canh tranh eao trdn thi trffdng (Bao Sai Gdn, 2019).
Vidt Nam da dffa ra ba kich ban phat tridn nganh giao thdng van tai Viet Nam vdi muc dich la giam lUdng khi phat thai C02- Trong do kich ban thff ba gia dinb sff hd trd qud'c td' va sff tham gia cua khu vffc tff nhan nhidu hdn, se keo theo cae bidn phap nhff cai thien hieu qua nhien lieu, sff dung xe dien va he so tai ciia van tai hang hda. Khi dd, giam phat thai ed the la 20% (VnExpress.net, 2019). Theo VnExpress.net, nganh Van tai Viet Nam khdng the cat giam 20% Iffdng kbi phat diai mac du nganh GTVT Viet Nam da ed nbieu nd Iffc nhSm cat giam lUdng khi CO, do mdt so tdn tai sau:
- Cbinh sach, phap luat quy dinh phat thai chffa cbi tid't, cu the, chUa ed cbe' tai xff phat cac trffdng hdp vi pham vd phat thai phffdng tidn sff dung trong nganh.
- Thie'u sff bd trd tff cac nudc phat trien, vd dIu tu, ve hd trd cdng nghd.
- Cd sd ha tang, phffdng tien cdng cdng phuc vu trong nganh phat trien cham chffa dap ffng dffdc nhu cau thuc td.
- Thdi quen dac diem van hda sff dung nhieu phffdng tien ca nhan, it sff dung pbUdng tien cdng cdng.
3. Kinh nghidm giam phat thai khi nha kinh cua cac qud'c gia tren the'gidi
Theo Xiaoyu Yan & Roy J. Crookes (2009), Trung Qudc cd sd Iffdng phffdng tien dffdng bo, phUdng tien ca nhan tang nhanh do tang trffdng kinb te. Trung Qud'c thuc dS'y viec sff dung ElO (10% etbanol sinh hgc) nhff mdt phUdng an nhien lieu van tai thay the. Trung Qud'c ciing thuc day
KINHTE
phUdng tien sff dung khi, chu yeu la CNG, va phffdng tien sff dung kbi LPG. He thd'ng quan ly va phap luat chinh sach ve thuc day phffdng tidn dung kbi da dffdc ban hanh trong 19 vung/thanh phd d Trung Qud'c.
Trung Qud'c cung ban hanh quy dinh b^t budc ve chuan nhidn lieu ddi vdi phffdng tien van tai hanh khach (AQSIQ & SAC, 2004), gidi ban tidu dung nang Iffdng td'i da cho phep theo tffng loai phUdng tien dffdc thid't lap mdt each chuan hda va mdi loai phffdng tien ca nhan ban ra d Trung Qud'c phai dap ffng chuan theo tai trgng. Cac phffdng tien tbffdng mai eung dffdc ap tbue' thed chuan dffdc ban hanh nam 2008. Nhffng ebinb sach nhff ap thud nhien lieu cung dffdc thffc hidn. Mdt sd' giai phap giam lUdng phat thai da trien khai bidu qua CO2 ciia Trung Qudc" Kiem soat phffdng tien ca nb3n; quy tdc bat budc dd'i vdi to cbffc kinh doanh nhien lidu;
Thiic day sff dung phffdng tidn sff dung kbi, dau; Ap tbue' vao nhien bdu; Thuc day vide sff dung nhidn lidu smh hoc
Tai An dd, cac boat ddng giam phat thai nganh van tai An do dffdc tbffc hidn dffa trdn dff an van tai xanh dffdi cd cbe' phat tridn sach (The Clean Development Mecbanism_CDM). Vide trien kbai tbffc bidn eac dif an giup gidm phat thai nganh van tai An do nhan dffdc sff trd giup tff cac qud'c gia phat trien nhff Thuy ST, Nhat Ban (Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & cdng sff, 2018). Cac dff an giam phat thai trien khai bidu qua tai An Dd: Phat trien cdng nghd phanh thu hoi nang Iffdng tff dau keo xe Iffa cdng nghe phanh tai sinh nay thay the cbo cdng nghd phanh truyen thd'ng. Dau tff vao cac cd sd van tai chuyen ddi tff hinh thffc van tai dffdng sat truyen thd'ng sang hinh tbffc v^n tai phat thai khi nha kinb it hdn. Phat trien nhffng cd sd van tai hanh khach hang loat thay the eho nhffng phffdng tidn van tai ea nhan. Xay dffng cae ed sd san xua't cac xe dien sff dung dien bang pin. San xua't kbi CNG tff kbi thai sSn ed va an toan tff cac bai rac thai.
Mot sd' giai phap giam phat thai van tai hidu qua tai New Zealand (Michael R. W. Walmsley & cdng sff, 2015): Dien khi hda dffdng sat; Thiic day rdng rai ky thuSt phffdng tidn sff dung bieu qua nang Iffdng; Dien khi hda phffdng tien hanh khach thdng qua vide sff dung sdng song ca cdng nghd phffdng tien sff dung dien; De xuat cac nhien lieu tff sinh hoc nhff phffdng an thanh the'nhien heu long tff dau md.
Cac giai phap giam phat thai van tai dffdng bd hidu qua d Latvia (Aiga Barisa & Marika Rosa, 2018): Day manh vide sff dung phUdng tidn van tai cdng cdng; Cac dff an/gdi chinb sach tdng hdp thuc day cac phffdng tidn vdi nhidn lieu thay the'; Cai tid'n hidu qua nhien bdu va giam mdi to trung binb trong cae kho xe hdi; Xay dffng cac kich ban giam phat thai.
4. De xua't mot s6' giai phap giup giam phat thai CO2 nganh VSn tai Viet Nam
Can eff vao thffc trang nganh Van tai Viet Nam, kinh nghidm giam phat thai eua mdt sd qud'c gia tren the' gidi, nganh Van tai Viet Nam can thffc hidn mdt each ddng bd cae giai phap de dat dffdc muc tieu cat giam 8% lUdng kbi phat thai CO2 dieo cam ke't. Mdt sd' giai phap de xuat giup giam phat thai nganh V|n tai Viet Nam:
ThU nhdt, tid'p tuc hoan thien ebinb sach phat trien nganh Van tai theo hudng giam phat thai CO2 va ffng phd vdi bidn ddi kbi hSu. Nganh Van tai Viet Nam c^n tid'p tuc hoan tbidn va ban hanh cbinh sach nganh vSn tai trong dieu kidn Kd'hoach hanh ddng ffng phd vdi bid'n doi kbi bau va tang trffdng xanh giai doan doan 2016-2020 sap ket thue. Tridn khai nhu'ng giai phap nhff quy hoach phat bien he thd'ng cd sd ha tang GTVT theo hffdng giam thieu d nhiem mdi trUdng Long ghep cdng tae giam nhe khi phat thai nha kinh vao cac quy hoach, kd' hoach, dff an dau tff, phat trien GTVT.
Nganh GTVT eung c^n ban hanh chinh sach khuyd'n khich cac to cbffc, ca nhan, doanb nghiep trong va ngoai nUdc tham gia tai trd ve tai chinh cho vide giam nhe phat thai khi nha kinh. Ben canh dd nganh Van tai can tang cffdng cdng tac tuydn truyen, nang eao nh|n thffc cho cac td cbffc, ca nhan ve eac boat ddng giam nhe phat thai khi nha kinh trong GTVT. Phd bid'n thdng tin de'n cac doanh nghidp van tai, lai xe va ngffdi tham gia giao thdng ve cac giai phap giam nhe phat thai kbi nha kinb, nhff ban chd' phffdng tidn ea nhan, sff dung nhidn lidu sinh hgc, nhidn lieu sach.
ThU hai, quy hoach phat trien nganh Van tai theo dung hffdng. Tai cd ca'u loai hinh van tai theo hffdng tang tbi phan van tai hang hda dffdng sat, dffdng thuy ndi dia va ven bidn; tang thi phan van tai hanh khach cdng cdng tai eac do tbi. Cu the, tang cffdng dau tff be thd'ng dffdng qud'c Id, dffdng bd cao tdc, mang lffdi giao thdng dudng thiiy noi
TAP CHJ CONG THIftfNG
dia, dffdng sat, bang hai va hang khdng, gan vdi muc tidu tid't kiem nang Iffdng, hieu qua kinh te mdi trffdng; dau tff, nang cap he thd'ng cang can dap ffng nhu cau trung chuyen hang hda, tang cffdng nang Iffc thdng quan cho cac cang bien (Bao Tai nguyen Mdi trffdng, 2019). Quy hoach phat triin he thdng cd sd ha tang GTVT theo hffdng giam thieu d nhidm mdi trffdng. Tbffc hien chffdng trinb kiem tra phat thai cac phffdng den giao thdng vdi vide tang cudng cac tram va tuan tra, kiem soat tren dUdng de bao dam xe may trong qua tnnh sff dung ludn dffdc bao dffdng, sffa chffa va kidm tra dung thdi ban vd tieu chuan khi thai kbi tham gia giao thdng dffdng bd. Xe thudc pham vi, dd'i tUdng quy dinh nhuftg khdng thffc hien kiem tra kbi thai, khdng cd gia'y ebffng nhan se bi xff ly vi pham hanh cbinh.
Thii: ba, xay dung kd' hoach hanh dgng eu thd cho tffng Ilnb vffc dffdng bd, dudng sat, dudng thuy va ven bidn ndi dia, dffdng bang khdng vdi tffng muc bdu va nhidm vu eu the de'n nam 2030.
- Dd'i vdi van tai dudng bd:
• Day manh viec sff dung phUdng tidn van tai cdng cdng.
• Tbffc bidn cac dff an/gdi ebinb sach tdng hdp tbue day cac phffdng lien vdi nhidn lidu thay the'.
• Cai tid'n bieu qua nhien lieu va giam tudi tbo trung binh trong eac kho xe bdi.
• Xay dffng cac kich ban giam phat thai.
- Dd'i vdi van tai dffdng sat, hoc hoi xem xet dau tff vao cac dff an thay the' dau keo xe Iffa cdng nghd phanh tai sinh cua An Do giup giam Iffdng kbi phat thai GHG.
- Tid'p tuc dau tff dien khi hda dudng sat bang each dau tU them, md rdng ddng thdi day nhanh tid'n do khai thac cac dff an nhff dffdng sa't tai Ha Ndi va dffdng sSt do thi TP. Ho Cbi Minh.
Thd tu, tie'p tue tbffc hien 6 giai phap trong Ke hoach hanh ddng ffng phd vdi bien ddi khi hau va tang trffdng xanh giai doan doan 2016-2020 do nhffng kd't qua tich axc eua eac giai phap mang lai.
Thd' ndm, thUc hien ddng bd cac giai phap kel hdp giiip giam phat thai CO,. Cac boat ddng cu the bao gdm (Cue Bid'n ddi khi hau, 2017)-
- Xay dUng eac cd ehe', chinb sach, khuye'n khich sff dung phUdng tidn giao thdng tid't kidm nang lUdng. Khuye'n khich thffc hidn cac chUdng tnnh, du an ve cai thien hieu qua vide sff dung nhidn heu phffdng tidn giao thdng.
- Trien khai du an nghien effu vide chuyen ddi sff dung nhidn lieu tff diesel sang kbi nen thien
nhidn (CNG) dd'i vdi phffdng tien cd gidi dffdng bg, trffde tidn la xe buyt tren ca nUdc.
Tbffc hidn chffdng trinb kiem tra phat thai pbUdng tidn giao thdng, tang cffdng cac tram tu^n tra, kiem tra bdn dffdng.
- Kiem soat phat thai phffdng tidn ca nhan. Xff ly VI pham hanh chinb dd'i vdi phffdng tidn khdng thffc bidn kiem tra kbi thai, khdng cd gia'y ebffng nhSn phffdng tidn cd ngffdng kbi thai cho phep.
- Thuc day vide sff dung nhien lieu khi nen tff nhidn, nhidn bdu sinh hgc.
- Thuc day rdng rai ky thuat phffdng tidn s&
dung bidu qua nang Iffdng.
- Didn khi hda phffdng tidn ca nhan, hanh khach thdng qua vide sff dung song song ca cdng nghd phffdng tidn sff dung didn. De lam dffde didu nay ddi hdi nganh Van tai phai dau tff vao cac dff an sdn xua't xe dien, xe lai dien - nhien beu.
- Dau tu vao cac du an san xuat khi nen sinh hgc sff dung cho phffdng tidn van tai...
- Dau tff vao cac dff an san xua't khi nen tif nhidn (CNG) tff kbi thai san cd va an loan tff cae bai rac thai tai cac tbanh phd' Idn nhff Ha Ndi va TP. Hd Chi Minh.
Thii-sdu, keu gpi sff giup, dau tff va kinh nghidm giam phat thai CO2 ebo nganh Van tai tff cac qudc gia tien tid'n trdn the' gidi, eac td cbffc vi mdi trUdng bong vide ho trd phat trien nganh VSn tdi theo hffdng tang trffdng xanh.
5. Kd't luan
Nghidn effu tSp trung vao kdt qua thffc hien cac boat ddng, du an giam phat thai trong cac ITnb vffc van tai va kinb nghidm tnen kbai cac dU an, boat ddng giam phat thai cua mot sd qud'c gia trdn the' gidi. Tff do, nghidn effu de xua't mdt sd giai phap giiip giam phat thai CO, cho nganh Van tai Viet Nam. Nganh Van tdi Viet Nam can tbffc hidn cac giiii phap de xua't mdt each ddng bd ca ve chinh sach phap luat l§n eac boat ddng, dff an gidm phat thai. De nganh Van tdi phat bien theo hudng tang trudng xanh, tac gia cbo rang nganh Van tai ctn xay dung cae kich bdn phat trien nganh Van tdi mot each chi tie't trong tffdng lai. Mat khac, nganh Van tai can xay dffng Id trinh eu the tbffe bien cac giai phap. Ben canh dd, sau mdi giai doan thffc hien can danh gia lai de xem xet kha nang dat dffde kich ban de cd nhffng hanh dgng cu thd gdp phan dat dffdc muc tieu gidm 8% Iffdng khi phat thd 1 de ra •
KINH TE
TAX L I E U T H A M K H A O
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TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG
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Ngay nhan bai: 1/12/2019
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va s i a chifa: 11/12/2019 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 21/12/2019
Thongtintdcgia:
ThS. N G U Y I N NGOC THIA
Khoa Kinh t&' va Quan ly - Trrf&ng Dai hpc Bien itfc
TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS OF VIETNAM AND SUGGESTIONS
• MA. NGUYEN NGOC THIA Faculty of Economics a n d Management, Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTACT:
On one hand, the development of means of transport helps the economic growth. On the other hand, it also increases the amount of dust, noise pollution, and CO, emissions causing environmental pollution. This is due to the lack of sustainable principles and practices in the transportation sector, hence, it is necessary to go green. The paper focuses on clarifying the stams of emissions and emission reduction activities of the Vietnamese transport sector, based on that the article maltes some suggestions for the Vietnamese transport sector to help reduce COj emissions, contributing to achieving the national goal.
Keywords: Emissions, emissions reduction, transport sector.
