T D GOC NHIN CUA CAC TINH DUYEN HAI MIEN TRUNG

Q

• J l NGHIEN C l J U - P H A T T R I E N L ^ L U A N

AN NINH TREN BIEN DONG - T D GOC NHIN CUA CAC TINH DUYEN HAI MIEN TRUNG

• P G S , TS H O T A N SANG Hoc vien Chinh tri Khu vuc III

1. Tiem nang ldnh te bi§n va nh&ng thach thirc d^i vol cac tinh duyen hai mien Trung

Biln vd tai nguyen bien dugc ddnh gid la ngudn tilm ndng quan trpng nhdt ciia cde tinh duyen hai miln Tnmg. Bd bien mien Trung ddi 1.172 km, ngodi khoi ed hdng trdm dao Idn nhd, trong dd cd hai qudn dao Idn la Hoang Sa (thude Dd Ndng) vd Trudng Sa (thude tinh KhdnhHda).

Tni lupng hdi san trong thim lye dia miln Trung udc khodng nua trieu tan, trong do ea ndi chilm 67%. Tni lupng hdi sdn nay tuy khdng Idn nhung da dang ve ehiing loai, nhieu loai quy hiem, cd gid tri kinh te cao. Su tilp can giiia nui vd bien khien eho thim luc dia miln Trung thudng ddc vd hep, nhieu ran da va bdi san hd la mdi trudng phat trien cdc loai giap xdc nhu tdm, muc va cdc loai ca cdnh nude man. Theo sd lieu dieu tra cua nganh hai sdn mien Trung, ed khoang 4.550 tan tdm biln, hon 7 nghin tan myc cd kha ndng tai sinh cao nhd dieu kien thudn lgi vl mdi trudng va khi hau. Ngodi ra, ven bien mien Trung cdn cd yIn

sao, mdt loai dac sdn quy hiem, dugc phan bd rdi rac tren cac dao dd gan bd thudc cdc tinh tii Quang Nam din Khanh Hda. Do thdi tilt khdc nghiet, phuang tien va ky thuat khai thac cdn thd so nen cdc tinh duyen hai miln Trung gdn nhu chua phdt huy dupe het cdc lai thi trong nudi trdng vd khai thac hai san.

Hdu bet ede bai bien dep nhdt Vilt Nam deu tap trung d miln Trung. Bdi hiln mien Trung ed cdnh quan rdt sinh dpng, tren niii dudi bien, xa eac khu cdng nghiep nln hdu nhu chua bi d nhiem. Cac eon sdng mien Trung ngdn, lupng phii sa It nen vung nuoc gdn bd cua bien miln Trung trong xanh, cat min, khdng ed biin. Id dilu kiln ly tudng dl xdy dung cac khu nghi mdt. Tii Bdc vao Nam, miln Trung cd hang chue bai tdm dep nhu bai Da Nhay, Nii Hoang, Nhat Le (Quang Binh), Thuan An, Ldng Cd, Canh Duong (Thiia Thiin Hul), Xuan Thilu, My Khi, Non Nude (Da Ndng), Ciia Dai, Ban Than {Qudng Nam), Sa Huynh (Qudng Ngdi), Hodng Hdu, Gdnh Rdng (Binh Dinh)...

Trong nhiing ndm qua, Dang, Nhd nude ta da ddc biet quan tdm dau tu phat trien kinh tl bien. Ngdy 6-5-1993, Bp Chinh tii da ra Nghi quyet sd 03-NQ/TW ve mdt sd nhiem vu phdt trien kinh t l biln trong nhirng nam trudc mdt,

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ti-ong dd khdng dinh: phat triln kinh te biln, ddu tranh bao vl chu quyin vd lpi Ich qudc gia tren biln Id mdt nhilm vy quan trpng, cap bach. Viet Nam da ehii ddng xdy dung vd tiing bude hodn thien thi tran qude phdng - an ninh tren biln, thue hiln 2 nhilm vy chiln lupc; thdnh lap "Ban ehl dao Nhd nude vl Biln Ddng vd hdi ddo"; triln khai Chuong trinh Biln Ddng - hdi ddo; ban hanh 7 ludt, 6 phdp linh, 2 ban tuyen bd, 19 nghi dinh vd 6 quylt dinh lien quan din qudn ly va bao ve vung biln, ddo Viet Nam... Hoat ddng ddi ngocii t^o khung phap Iy cho vile bdo dam an nir± tren biln eiing duge Dang vd Nhd nude ta ddc bilt quan tdm. Den nay, Viet Nam da ky kit dugc mdt sd thda thuan trin biln vdi cde nude lang gilng nhu: Hiep dinh vl vimg nude lich Sli Viet Nam - Campuchia ndm 1982;

Thda thudn khai thdc chung vimg chdng Ian thim luc dia Vilt Nam - Malaysia nam 1992;

Hi^p dinh ve phan dinh ranh gidi biln Viet Nam - Thdi Lan tiidng 8-1997; Hiep dinh phdn dinh vinh Bdc Bd vd Hiip dinh hgp tdc nghe cd d vinh Bdc Bd giiia Viet Nam va Tnmg Qudc ngdy 25-12-2000; Hiep dinh phan dinh thim luc dia Viet Nam - Inddnlxia thdng 6-2003...

Viet Nam eiing md ra nhilu diln ddn trao ddi, dde bilt Id ve van de chii quyen hai qudn dao Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa vdi cae nude cd tranh chap; tham gia ky kit cdc vdn kiln mang ti'nh chdt khu vuc vl Biln Ddng; trien khai mgt sd du dn hgp tde song phuang va da phuong vdi cdc nude liln quan nhu; du dn nghien ciiu khoa hpc bien Viet Nam - Philippin; tudn tra chung giiia hai qudn Viet Nam vd Thdi Lan;

thda t h u ^ vl nguyin tdc viec tudn tra chung xung quanh dudng phdn dinh vinh Bdc Bd giiia Vi|t Nam vd Trung Qudc... Viec ddm phdn va gidi quylt phdn dinh ranh gidi vl bien giiia Viet Nam vdi mpt sd nude ed biln trong

khu vuc ciing dugc chii trgng; cac luc lugng an ninh da thuc hiln tdt nhilm vu qudn ly va bao vl chu quyin tren bien; tinh hinh an ninh vd cdc hoat ddng tren bien ngay edng phdt trien theo chilu hudng dn dinh.

Tai Hdi nghi Trung uang 4 khda X, Ddng ta da ban hanh Chiin lutyc biin Viit Nam den nam 2020 vdi muc ti6u: Viet Nam phal trd thdnh mdt qudc gia manh ve bien, gidu Iln tu bien. Chien luge xdc dinh: "Kit hgp chat che giira phdt triln kmh tl, xa hpi vdi bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh, hgp tdc qudc te vd bdo ve mdi trudng; kit hop chat ehe gitia phdt triln vung biln, ven biln, hdi ddo vdi phdt triln virng ndi dia; phdt huy ddy dii, cd hieu qua cac ngudn Iuc bdn trong, tranh thii hgp tac qudc tl, thu hiit manh cac nguon luc ben ngoai theo nguyen tdc binh dang, eiing cd lgi, bao ve viing chde ddc lap, chu quyin va toan ven lanh thd eiia dat nude"'".

Thdi gian qua, Viet Nam dd timg budc gidi quylt cde mau thudn, bdt ddng trong lich su vd mdi ndy sinh, gdp phdn quan trpng vdo vile bao dam an ninh, qudc phdng tren biln, dao ndi rieng va chil quyen qudc gia ndi chung.

Vile Trung Qudc lien tuc cd cdc hdnh dpng ngan can hoat ddng ciia eac cdng ty, ngu dan Viet Nam tren Biln Ddng, dien hinh la viec ha dat trdi phep gidn khoan Hal Duong 981 vao viing dac quyen kinh te, them luc dia Viet Nam, vi pham quyin chil quyen, quyen tdi phan ciia Viet Nam, vi pham luat phap qudc te, da ldm cho hda binh, dn dinh, an ninh, an toan, tu do hang hai vd hang khdng trin Biln Ddng, mdi quan tam chung ciia ASEAN, ciia khu vuc va thi gidi dang hi de dga nghiem trgng...

Do dd, viec tim kilm giai phap dl xay dung vd hodn thien the trdn an ninh- quoc phdng tren Bien Ddng ndi chung va cac tinh ven biln khu vuc duyen hai mien Trung ndi rieng trd

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N G H | £ N CUfU - PHATTRIEN LY L U A N

thdnh vdn dl viia cap thilt, viia mang tinh chiln luge.

2. Dinh huong va gjai phap

Thd nhit, phit huy sue manh tdng hgp di gid vdng dgc lap, chij quyen, toan ven linh thd, linh hai, vung trdi cua Td qudc.

Van de giii viing doe lap, ehu quyen, quyin chil quyin, quyin tai phan cua qudc gia Id mpt van de cd y nghia sdng cdn eiia dat nude, khdng ehi ddi hoi siic manh dan tdc ma cdn phdi cd siic manh cua thdi dai, hpi tu ed 3 ylu td: kinh tl, qudn su vd van hda. Cho nen, phat huy siic manh tdng hpp la mdt giai phap mang tinh lau ddi.

Vile hudng tdi xay dung mdi quan he chiln luge vdi cac nude cd lpi ich Uen quan tren bien ndi ehung vd Biln Ddng ndi rilng, xdy dung cdng ddng ASEAN trd thanh edng ddng kinh tl, chinh tri, qudn su vd van hda la nhiem vy quan trgng. Viet Nam can ehu ddng xiie tiln dua ra Id trinh, tao tiln de cho viec hudng tdi xdy dung cdng dong, trong dd cd viec cimg bao dam an nmh hdng hai, giai quylt tranh chdp, on dinh dl eiing khai thdc cdc tiem nang kinh te biln, tao ra mat tran "dau tranh" vdi Trung Qudc - qudc gia dang triln khai thuc hien dd tam "dpc chiem Bien Ddng", cd tinh khdng tudn thil Cdng udc ciia Lien Hpp qudc vl Luat bien nam 1982.

Giai quylt van de tranh chap tren Biln Ddng Id van dl phiic tap, lau ddi, cdn phai kit hop nhieu bien phdp: ngoai giao, phdp ly, ddu tranh chinh tri... Den nay, Viet Nam dd dua ra 2 tuyen bd chlnh thuc ve Biln Ddng, nhan manh ehii quyin hpp phap ddi vdi todn bp quan ddo Trudng Sa va Hoang Sa bdng eac bdng ehimg Iieh sii day du, thuylt phuc, eho thdy tinh thien ehi trong viec tiep tue tun kiem giai phap hda binh, ddi thoai. Tuy nhien, chiing ta phdi ehu ddng tim kiem va kip thdi

cd cac giai phap phdp ly nhdm giai quylt cac vandl.

Thdhai, xay dung luc lugng vd trang, nong cdt la hai quan, khdng quan, canh sat biin, bien phong, dan quan tu vi biin, lam cho dua vdng chic cho ngu dan va cac thanh phin kinh tesan xuit va khai thac tai nguyen biin.

Day la giai phdp cd y nghia true tilp trong bdo dam an ninh tren biln, dao. Khdng ed lyc lugng hdi qudn, khdng quan, canh sdt biln, bien phdng, dan qudn tu ve bien manh thi ehdc chdn khdng tao ra duge chd dua tm cdy cho ngu ddn, cho ede thanh phdn kinh te khai thdc tilm nang kinh te biln.

Cdn phai xay dung cdc lire lugng cd vl vdt chat va tinh thdn: trang bi vu khi vd phuang tiln hiln dai, xdy dung ban linh, tinh thdn cdnh gide, y ehi quylt tam bao ve vimg trdi, viing bien. Ben eanh dd, cdn xay dung chinh sdch dac bilt dl thu hiit va khuyin khich nhdn dan dinh cu trin dao, lam an dai ngdy trin bien, viia phat triln kinh tl, vira bdo vl biln, ddo Clla Td qudc, tao thi tran an ninh nhan ddn trin biln, ddo.

Can ed luc lugng chuyin trdch dupe trang bi phuang tien va cde thilt bi hien dai, dii siic bdo ddm thi hanh phdp ludt tren bien, tudn tra, gidm sdt viec thi hanh phdp ludt vl bien. Hien nay, ta cd nhilu lue lupng bao ve chil quyen bien, ddo (Cdnh sat biln, Kilm ngu, Bd ddi Bien phdng,...) nhung chat lugng thilt hi ky thudt chua tuong xiing, hieu qua quan ly biln ehua cao... Tinh trang nay can sdm duoc khic phyc mdi tang cudng duge hieu qud qudn ly, bdo vl biln, ddo.

Xay dung luc lugng va thi trdn qudc phdng, kit hgp kinh t l vdi qudc phdng tren biln, ddo.

Tang cudng till tran qudc phdng todn dan va an ninh nhdn ddn tren ddt liln, ven biln phdi gdn chat vdi thi trdn qudc phdng todn dan v^

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an ninh nhdn ddn tren biln, dao. T r i n bien, edn xdc dinh vung b i l n trgng diem v l qude phdng - an ninh de kit hpp vdi cac vimg kinh t l biln, nhu; vimg b i l n Trudng Sa vdi duyin hdi Trung Bd va vimg kmh te trpng d i l m m i l n Trung... O nhiing vdng trgng dilm, can xdc dinh rd mye tieu qudc phdng - an ninh (trudc mdt vd lau ddi), ddi tupng dau tranh, thanh phdn lyc lupng ndng cdt, du kiln eae tinh hudng xay ra.

Cdn xdy dyng ddng bd cdc chinh sach hd tra ngu ddn vd cdc luc lupng boat ddng khai thac, nudi trdng hai san. Kit hpp phdt triln kmh t l gdn vdi bdo dam an ninh - qude phdng d vimg biln, ddo; h6 trpphdt triln kinh te - xa hdi; ban hdnh chinh sdch, che do khdc phuc nii ro, thiin tai va chinh sach di dan ra cac huyen dao tiln tieu (Cdn Cd, Ly Son, Trudng Sa, Phii Quy...). Tiiy theo vi t h i ehinh tri - kinh tl, miic dp nil ro, tilm ndng eua mdi noi ma lira chgn xay dung ede nhdm chinh sach, che dd hd trg phu hpp. Trong do, chil trpng giai quylt ddng bo ba van de: ngu nghiep, ngu dan va ngu trudng d l dat duge mye tilu phdt triln nghl ca theo hudng b i n viing, gdn vdi bdo dam an ninh - qude phdng bien vd hai dao.

Thdba, kit hgp hii boa muc tieu phat trien kinh ti vi qudc phong trong qui trinh xay dung cosd vat chit, ky thuat, kitciuha ting biin, dao theo hudng cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hda.

Giao thdng dudng bd ven biln nhin chung chua phdt triln, n h i l u noi di lai bdng dudng ddt, dudng mdn gdy trd ngai, khd khan cho vi$c giao luu van hda vd phdt trien kmh t l . He thdng giao thdng dudng sdt, dudng bd ndi edng vdi cdc viing kinh tl, khu cdng nghiep chua dupe ddu tu ddng bd, he thdng cdng bien chii ylu ndm tren sdng, chua t h i tiep nhdn tau cd trpng tdi Idn.

Trin cac dao, ca sd vat chat ky thuat, kit edu ha tdng bdo ve an ninh - qude phdng chua ngang tdm. Do vdy, can khan truong xay dung he thdng dao thanh tuyIn ddu bdo vl ddt nude vd tiln ra khai thdc, boat ddng tren bien. Dau t u thieh ddng cho xay dung ha tang tren dao phuc vu kinh tl, qude phdng - an ninh. Thuc hien tot vile dua ddn tii ddt Uln ra ddo de phdt triln sdn xuat vd xdy dung Iuc luong vii trang tai chd. 6 khu vuc duyen hai mien Trung, ede san bay phai dugc hien dai hda phuc vu cho qudc phdng vd phdt triln kinh te.

Biln ed y nghia to Idn de chiing ta phat trien va md rgng giao luu qudc te. Tiem ndng tdi nguyen bien va vimg ven bien ciia nude ta cd y nghia quan trgng doi vdi su nghiep phdt triln ddt nude. Tilm ndng kinh t l biln, ddo m i l n Tnmg Id rdt Idn, nhung cd dugc khai thdc tdt hay khdng phu thudc vdo nhieu nhan td, trong do viec bao dam an ninh - qudc phdng tren bien, dao cd y nghia dac biet quan trgng. Phai dat su phat trien kinh te trong mdi quan he bien chiing vdi qudc phdng, an ninh nhu Dang ta xac dinh: Phai kit hgp kinh te - xa hdi vdi qude phdng, an ninh theo phuong cham phat trien kinh te - xa hgi la n l n tang d l bao vl To qudc;

dn dinh chinh tri, ciing cd qudc phdng, an ninh viing manh la dieu kien de phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi. Su kit hgp phat trien kinh te - xa hgi vdi eung cd qudc phdng, an ninh phai duac thuc hien ngay tren timg dia ban Ianh thd, trong cdng tac quy hoach, xdy dung k l hoach va cac du an dau tu phat trien de xdy dung tinh, huyen thdnh khu vuc phdng thu viing chde n

(1) DCSVN: Van kien Hgi n^i lin thuTu BanChap hanh Trung uong Idioa X, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2007, tr.75.

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