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SUf DUHG PHRR mEIll CROCODILE PHVSICS THIET HE THi HGHIERl DRV HOC VHT LV PHHR CO HRC VHT LV 10 TRURG HOC PHO THORG
TS. L6 Thanh Huy Trudng Dgi hgc Supligm - Dgi hgc Dd Ndng SUMMARY
Physics is an experimental science. Innovating content and methods in teaching physics must be associated with the increasing experiments used in physics teaching process. Nowadays, there are a lot of software which are used to design virtual experiment and simulation experiments in physics teaching such as Pakma, Flash, Working Model, etc. However, among these software. Crocodile Physics software can meet most of requirements of mechanical experiments for the physics program at high schools. With Crocodile Physics software, the experiments can be easily and simply carried out and give out reliable result. In this article, we suggest some knowledge contents which can help lo design physical experiments by using Crocodile software and steps to leach and hold several mechanical experiments in physics of grade 10for both basic and enhancing programme at high schools.
Tit khda: Crocodile physics, thi nghiem vdl ly, ihiit ki thi nghiem, thi nghiem do. thi nghiem md phdng.
Ngdy nh$n bah JO/5/2014, ngay duy$t ddng: 23/5/2014 I. Mddiu
Thi nghifm vdt ly Id mdt phin khdng thl thilu trong qud trinh td chtte day hgc vdt ly d phd thdng.
Phin eo hpc v§t ly phi thdng gom ed edc thi nghi?m xdy ra nhanh, khd quan sdt, mpt sd thi nghiem can cd phin mlm dl md phdng mdi dl hpe sinh quan sdt tryc quan, dl hilu han nhu: roi ty do, ede djnh lugt Newton,... chfnh vi v§y vifc nghign cttu phdn mlm md phdng thi nghifm dl thilt kl edc thi nghi?m phii hgp vdi ndi dung dgy hgc, hd trg dgy hpe vdi thf nghiem th^t trgn tdp Id hit sttc edn thilt. Dya trgn nghign cuu, chung tdi de xudt mdt sd thi nghiem vd ggi y liln trinh dgy hpc cde thi nghifm giup gido vign phd thdng vd hge sinh thugn lgi hon trong qua trinh gidng dgy vd hgc tdp phin co hgc Idp 10 v$t ly trung hpe phd thdng.
II. N^idung
I. Gidi thifu chung vl phin mlm Crocodile Physics
Crocodile Physics Id mdt phin mlm dimg dl thilt kl thf nghigm cho mdn V§t ly d THPT. Phdn mlm ndy phdt triln ttt phign bdn eu Crocodile Clips ttt nam 1993 vd phien bdn mdi nhat hi?n nay Id phien bdn Crocodile Physics Version.605, ra ddi vdo nam 2006 vdi rit nhilu tinh ndng mdi so vdi eac phien bdn trudc dd, cd hon 40 nude trgn thl gidi dang su dyng.
Crocodile Physics V.605 td mpt phdn mlm md phdng rdt mgnh, gdp phin giup eho GV vd HS trong viec thill kl cdc thi nghiem do, Ihi nghiem md phdng, md
td mpt edeh tryc quan tiln trinh dien ra thi nghiem md ngodi thye tl khd cd dilu kien dg tiln hdnh, gidp HS quan sdt mdt cdch de ddng gdp phan ndm vttng vd hilu sdu ban chdt eua bdi hge [1]. Crocodile Physics V.605 cho phep md phdng rdt nhigu thi nghiem trong sach gido khoa (SGK) THPT thupe cde phdn eo, d:§n, quang, sdng, eung cdp mpt sd chu dg cd sin th;o ehuong trinh vd c6 thg tgo ra dugc edc chii dl mdi theo timg npi dung thi nghi?m.
2. Thilt kl tiln trinh dgy hpc cd sy ho trg cua phin mlm Crocodile Physics
2. I. Quy trinh thiit ki tiin trinh dgy hpc 2. J. 1. Xdc dinh muc lieu bdi hgc
Muc tieu cy the cua mdn hpc la nhtmg gi HS can phdi dgt dupe sau khi hpc xong mdn hpe dd md trudc dd hg chua cd. Myc tieu phdi djnh rd cac edng vigc vd muc dp hodn thdnh ciia HS, phdi vilt chi tiet vd cy thl. Mdi myc tigu nen diln dat bang mpt dpng tu dl xde djnh rd mttc dd HS phdi dat dupe bing hdnh ddng.
' "2.1.2. Xdc dinh kiin thirc ca bdn vd sdp xip theo mgl cdu iruc thich hgp
Nhttng kiln thttc vgt ly duge dua vao SGK vdn dugc chpn Igc td khdi lugng tri thue dd sO ciia khoa hoc bp mdn, duge sip xIp theo mpt trinh ty logic, cd tinh thue tiln, tinh su pham, tinh giao dye vd tinh phd cap ciia chuong trinh. Tuy nhien, trong thyc (e giang day, liiy theo thdi lugng dgy hgc eiia mdn hpc, ddi tugngday hpe, dilu ki?n CO sdv§t chit,... md ngudi TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO DMC-Sii 106-6/2014 • 49
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GV lya chpn nhthig kign thttc co ban nhat, trgng tdm nhdt nhung phai bao ddm dugc tinh he thdng, toan di^n eua chucmg trinh. Ngoai ra do sy phdt triln mgnh mg eua khoa hgc kT thudt, cd nhilu kiln thttc mdi chua thl dua vdo trong SGK. Vi vdy GV ed thl chpn lya nhihig kiln thttc cdn md rdng eho HS hoSc hudng ddn HS phuong phdp dl HS ty tim tdi, khdm phd.
2.1.3. Xdc dinh phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) Cdn ett vdo mue tieu, ndi dung kign thttc cua bdi hgc, tuy dilu ki?n thilt bi cu thl, thdi gian hpc tap vd khd ndng hpc tap cua HS dl lya chpn PPDH thieh hgp. Trong mdt bai dgy nen su dung linh hogt nhilu PPDH, tdng cudng stt dung cde PPDH tieh eye nhdm phdt huy tinh tich eye, ty gide, chu ddng sdng tgo trong hogt ddng nhdn thttc eua HS.
2.1.4. Chudn bi cdc thi nghiem md phong bdng phdn mem Crocodile Physics
Cdc thf nghigm md phdng dugc thilt kl bdng phin mlm Crocodile Physics ed the duge stt dung nhdm tich cue hod hogt ddng nhgn thue eua HS. VI vay de thiet ke duge mpt tiet hge tdt thl vi?e thiet kl ede thi nghiem md phdng Id mdt phin khd quan trgng.
2.1.5. Xdc djnh cdc hogt dgng chii yiu trong tiin trinh dgy hgc
Bh phdt huy tinh tich eye chu dpng sdng tgo eua HS, trong tign trinh day hpe phdi dya vdo logic ndi dung- kign thttc, phucmg tien dgy hge, kha ndng hpc tdp cua HS,... md GV td chttc cac hogt ddng nhan thttc eho HS, thdng qua dd HS ty chilm ITnh ede tri thttc theo yeu clu ddt ra. Cdc hoat ddng thudng gdp trong tign trinh day hgc Id:
- Xay dung tinh hudng hge tap (tue Id xde dinh nhi?m vy hpe tap).
- Thu thap thdng tin.
- Xttii thdng tin.
- Md ta cdng vice da Idm vd thdng bao kit qua thu dugc.
- Cung cd vd van dyng edc kiln thue dd hpe
thdng qua vigc tra ldi cdc cdu hdi, ldm ede bdi t|p hodc ede thf i^hidm.
- Xde dinh ngi dung vd phuong phdp hudng din vl nhd cho HS.
2.2. SO- dffng cdc thf nghigm mo phdng bdng phdn mim Crocodile Physics trong dgy hpc phdn ca hpc vpt ly 10 THPT
Vdi su hd trg cua phin mem Crocodile Physics, chdng ta cd thl thigt kl dugc cac thf nghiem mfi phdng thuOc cdc phin ca, didn, quang, sdng vd su dyng vdo dgy hgc. Sau day la mdt sd thi nghiem md phdng md chdng tdi dd suu tim, cdi tien, thigt kg mdi vd ttng dyng vdo t l chttc mgt sd hogt dpng day hpc vat ly d mdt sd bdi, mpt sd mye.
- Thf nghiem ve do thj toa d$ cua chuyen d$ng thing deu (hinh 2./): Vdi thi nghigm md phdng ndy, ta ed thl img dyng dk dua vdo giang dgy phan:
+ Dinh nghTa eua chuyen dpng thing deu: Cho HS quan sdt thi nghipm md phdng, ttt dd HS ty nit ra dinh nghTa.
+ Phuang trinh chuyin ddng thing dlu: Cho HS quan sdt thi nghi§m md phdng, ddng dd thj rut ra dgng tuyln tinh cda phucmg trinh chuyin ddng thing dlu, sau dd ddng todn hpc dl xdy dyng phuong trinh chi tilt. Hodc cd thl sau khi ddng todn hpe xdy dyng phuong trinh ehi tilt xong, ta stt dyng thi nghifm md phdng ndy dl kilm chdng lgi li thuylt.
+ Dd thi tog dO: Sau khi cho HS vg dd thj tog dd theo bang sd !i§u d SGK, GV cho HS quan sdt thl nghipm md phdng de kiem tra ket qud ldm bdi ciia HS. Ddi v(5d SGK eo bdn, ta chpn cdc thdng sd nhu sau: V = 5 km/h; x^ = 10 km. Ddi vdi SGK ndng cao, ta chpn cdc thdng s6 v = 0 vd x^ = 0.
- Thf nghiem ve do thj vgn toe thdi gian cOa chuyen dgng th3ng deu (hinh 2.2):
Vdi thi nghifm md phdng nay ta cd thl d?t van dl vdo bdi mdi, xay dyng dinh nghTa vl chuyin ddng thing dlu vd dgy myc dd thi vdn tdc trong SGK ndng cao
- Thf nghif m vl khdo sdt chuyen d$ng thing
Hinh 2.1. Dd tliitga dg - tlidigian cliuyin ddng tlidng deu SO • TAP CHi THIET BI GIAO DUC-sd 106-6/2014
Hinh 2.2, Db tlif vgn tic - tlidi gian chuyin dpng tlidng biin ddi diu
•J.i!M!MIU.IA'J!I.IJ»
Hinh 2.5. Dd thjtga dp - tlidigian, cliuyin dgng thing biin ddi diu
biln dli dlu (hinh 2.3 vd 2.4):
Thi nghipm md phdng ndy Id vf dy vl chuyin ddng thing nhanh din dlu vd ch§m din dlu. Stt dung thi nghi?m ndy dl dgy mye 2, 3 (SGK ndng cao) vd ede myc vdn tdc eua ehuyen dpng thing nhanh din dlu, v§n tdc eua ehuyen ddng thing ch^m din dlu (SGK CO bdn). Cho HS quan sdt thi nghiem md phdng, dimg dd thj rut ra dgng tuyen tfnh eua phuang trinh vdn tdc, sau dd dung todn hpc dg xay dyng phuang trinh ehi tigt. Hoac cd thg diing todn hgc dl xdy dyng phuong trinh chi tilt trudc rdi sau dd dung thi nghifm md phdng ndy de kilm chimg.
- Thf nghiem vl chuygn dgng thing bien doi dlu (hinh 2.5):
Thf nghipm ndy dimg de dgy bai phucmg trinh ciia chuyin dpng thing bien ddi dgu (SGK nang cao, phin I) vd mye 5 trang 20, mye 6 trang 21 (SGK co bdn). Cho HS quan sdt thi nghi?m md phdng, dung dl thj rut ra dgng tuyln tinh ciia phuang trinh chuygn ddng thing biln ddi dlu (dgng parabol). Sau do diing todn hpe xdy dyng phucmg trinh ehi tiet. Ho?c cd thg sau khi xdy dyng phuang trinh ehuyin dgng thing bien ddi dlu xong, ta stt dyng thf nghi?m md phdng ndy dl kilm chimg.
- Th( nghiem vl khdo sdt sy roi ty do (hinh 2.6 vd 2.7): Diing thf nghifm md phdng nay dl day
-4^ y Hinh 2.6 Sy rai tu do
KHAO SAT S U ROI T U DO
Hinh 2.7. Klido sdt su rai lu do
Hinh 2.8. Thi nghiem dinh lupt H Newton
TAP CHi THlfTBIGlAO DUC-sd 106-6/2014 • SI
CONG NGHE DAY HOC
muc 2 (SGK ndng cao) vd mue nhttng dac dilm cda chuyin ddng roi ty do (SGK eo ban). Cho HS quan sdt thf nghigm md phdng, ygu eiu HS rut ra ddc dilm eiia chuyin ddng roi ty do.
- Thf nghiem vl dinh lugt II Newton (Hinh 2.8): Ung dung dgy phdn dinh luSt il Nevrton. Sau khi HS phdt bilu dugc ndi dung cua djnh ludt, ta dijng thi nghigm md phdng ndy dl kilm ehttng. Cung cd thl diing thf nghiem md phdng ndy de day mye khdi lugng vd mde qudn tinh: Cung mdt luc tdc dung vdo vdt, vdt ndo cd khdi lugng Idn hon thi khd thay ddi van tdc ban hay cd mttc qudn tinh Idn hon.
III. KitluSn
Qua nghien cttu, ehdng tdi thdy rang vipe su dung phan mdm Crocodile Physics trong dgy hgc vat ly d trudng phd thdng, vdi tu cdch Id mdt phuong tien dgy hpc da gdp phin dgt dugc muc tigu cua ddi mdi PPDH hign nay, tang cudng sy hung thu, tinh tieh eye, chu ddng, ty giac va sang tgo trong boat ddng hpe tap eua HS. Ttt do ldm cho HS ITnh hdi dugc kiln
thttc mpt cdch sdu sac, kl cdng, khd ndng van dyng kiln thttc vdo nhttng tinh hudng khdc chfnh xde vd sdng tgo.
Tdi li^u tham khao
1. Phgm Xudn Qui (2002), "Ddi mdi ngi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hgc vgt li phd thdng vdi syhS trg cua mdy vi tinh vdphdn mem dgy hgc", Tgp chi Giaodyesd(27),tr31.
2. Lg Thi Ngpe Thuy (2005), Khai thdc vd sir dung phdn mem Crocodile Pf^sics trong dgy hgc vgt li d trudng THPT, Lugn vdn Thgc sT Khoa hpe Gido dye, trudng DHSP Hul.
3. Trin Tri?u Phu (2007), Khai thdc phdn mim Crocodile physics vdo thiet ke thi nghiem vgt ly a phd thdng, Dg tdi nghien cdn khoa hpe tnrdng DHSP Tp Hd Chi Minh.
4. http://www.yenka.com/content/search.
action#search, website ehfnh eua Crocodile.
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ONG DONG CONG NGHE THONG T I N .
I (Tiep theo irang 45) Ddu tu xdy dung ca sd vdt chat ky thugt va hpthdng trang thigt bi CNTT, ddng bg de dap ttng nhu clu gidng day. Phdi ed dugc hg thdng trang thiet bj ky thudt hien dai, phu hgp, ddng bd dl giup giang vien vd sinh vien ehu dpng, tich cue trong nghien ettu vd hgc tap, cu thl: he thdng gidng dudng, phdng hgc chuygn dyng vdi PC, projector, mang npi bd... (phuc vy viee gidng dgy va thdo luan, lam viec nhdm eua sinh vign); he thdng phdng doc thu vien, phdng truy cap mgng (phue vu vigc ty hgc, tim kiem va khai thac thdng tin lign quan); website va he thdng qudn tri eo sd dtt ligu CNTT eua nha trudng (eung cap thdng tin chinh thdng lien quan din cae hoat dong cua nhd trudng, cua ede khoa vl thdi khda bilu, kl hogch dgy hgc, edc tdi ligu trong thu vien dign tu)... tit ca dlu phai dugc xay dyng, qudn ly vd khai thdc mpt each ddng bd vd hieu qud.
4. Kit lu|in
£)di mdi PPDH Id vin dl cip bach, la mgt trong nhttng muc tigu ygng tdm trong ca[edch gido dye d nude ta hien nay. Phdt huy vai trd hd trg CNTT trong dgy hpc dgi hpe ddi vdi cdc hgc phin thudc ITnh vyc xa hpi la mdt edng viec lau ddi, khd khan, phuc tap Id trach nhiem ehung eua mpi ngudi, cua cae lyc lugng lign quan trong he thdng giao due, nhung trudc hgt ddi hdi sy nd lyc cd ging ciia ddi ngu gidng vien S2 • TAP CHi THIFTBI GIAO OgC-Sd 1 0 6 - 6 / 2 0 1 4
vd digu kign ca sd vdt chat, tiep tyc hodn thi§n vd hien dgi hod thigt bj, edng ngh? dgy hpc, nhit Id hodn thign hg ting CNTT ^h ed thl khai thdc diy du vd tit nhit. Day eung Id nhan td eo bdn, quylt dinh din ehSt lugng dgy vd hgc, ddng thdi gdp phin quan trpng thyc hien cd hi^u qud trong nhthig nhi$m vy, giai phap ma Nghj quyet Hdi nghj Trung uong 8 khda XI vg Ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dien gido dye ddo tgo da dat ra./.
Tdi lifu tham khao
1- Nguyin VSn Khdi (2008). Sir dung phuang lien vd ky thudt dgy hgc theo hudng tuong tdc trong dgy hgc. Dai hpc Su phgm Hd Ndi.
2 - Nguyin Vdn Tuin. (2004) Dgy vd hgc dgi /ipc. Tudi tre sd thdng 10.
3 - Trudng dgi hgc Duge Ha Npi (2010) Ddo tgo ky nang gidng day sinh vien Duge.
4 - AUTC Project (2001). A survey of targe class teaching around Australia. The University of Queensland, Australia.
5-University of California-Santa Barbara (1998). Teaching large class at USCB. [On-line].
Available World Wide Web: http://www.oic.id.uscb.
edu/Resources/Teaching/Large.uscb.html
