TL/ NGHIEN CL/U DEN TRIEN KHAI - SAN XUAT
H£ THONG GIAM SAT DIEU KHIEN
PHUC vu CONG TAC PHONG CHONG LUT BAO, GIAM NHE THIEN TAI
ThS N G U Y I N QU6C HIEP
Pho Giam ddc Trung tain Cong nghe Phan mem Thuy Icii, Vien Khoa hoc Thuy ldi Viet Nam
Trong nhifkig nam qua, cac ho chufa midc da gop phan quan trong trong viec giam nhe thien tai vao miia nuia bao va cap midc phuc vu san xuat, sinh hoat cho vung ha du. Tuy nhien nhu'ng nam gan day, do rirhg dau nguon bj tan pha nang ne, cpng vdi tac dong cua bien doi khi hau toan cau da lam thay doi cac quy luat ve thuy van, dong chay den cac ho chufa, doi hoi phai lam tot viec dU bao dong chay den hd, diln bien muTc niTcfc ho, dti bao ngap lut viing ha du uliig vol cac phiAAig an xa tran de phuc vu cong tac phong chong, giam nhe thien tai. He thong thong tin giam sat dieu khien, dil' bao Iii, dif bao ngap lut viing ha du va ho tr^ dieu hanh ho chufa theo thdi gian thiA) do Trung tam Cong nghe Phan mem Thuy loi nghien ciifU xay dUhg se giai quyet diiVc cac van de nay.
He thong da diCtfc ap dung cho cac ho chufa Djnh Binh (Binh Dinh), Cufa Dat (Thanh Hoa), Mtic Mau (Nghe An), Dong Nghe (Da Ning), Dong Tien va VTnh Trinh (Quang Nam) dem lai hieu qua cao.
Datvantfe
Ca nifdc ta hien cd khoang 5.470 ho chufa thiiy Icfi (ho thuy dien chifa cd sd lieu thdng ke), trong do cd 98 ho vdi dung tich ldn hofn 10 trieu m^, 706 ho vdi dung tich ldn hofn 1 trieu m^, con lai la cac ho ed dung tich tif 0,2 den 1 trieu m^ Cdc ho chufa da gdp phan quan trpng trong viec eat lu, cham lu, giiip giam nhe thien tai trong mua mUa bao va cap nifdc phuc vu san xuat nong nghiep, cong nghiep, sinh boat eho viing ha du, gdp phan r a t ldn dam bao an ninh lifcfng thifc va difa Viet Nam thanh mpt trong nhifng nifdc xuat khau gao, cafe..., ldn nhat tren the gidi. Tuy nhien trong nhflng nam gan day, rifng dau nguon da va dang hi t a n pha nang ne, cong vdi tac dong cua bien ddi khi hau toan eau da lam thay ddi cae quy luat ve thuy van, dong chay den eac ho chufa. Trong khi dd, eac cong cu de giiip can bp quan ly tinh todn dieu hanh hd rat ddn gian hoac khong ed, chu yeu la dieu hanh theo kinh nghiem. Vi vay, van de lam the ndo de dieu hanh hd chufa an toan ve cong trinh, an toan cho viing h a du ho nhifng vdn dam bao nhiem vu tich nifdc phuc vu phat dien, san xuat nong nghiep dang la van de bufc xuc hien nay.
De giai quyet van de tren, Trung tam Cong nghe P h a n mem Thuy Icfi Vien Khoa hpc Thuy Icfi Viet Nam da nghidn ciifu giai phap "Xay dung hg thdng
thong tin gidm sat dieu khien, dif bdo lu, dif bdo ngap lut vung ha du va ho trp dieu hanh ho chfla theo thdi gian thifc phuc vu cong tac phdng chdng lu lut, giam nhe thien tai" Day la mpt giai phap khoa hpc tdng the, tfl gidm sat tif dpng Iflgfng mfla tren lUu vifc, lUpng mUa vung ha du ho, mifc nflde ho, dp md cdc cfla tran, ciia cdng, dieu khien ddng md cac cufa tran, cfla cdng tai nha quan ly hoac tfl xa (trong trfldng hcfp khan cap) den dfl bao lu va ho trgf dieu hanh ho chfla theo thdi gian thifc, dfl bdo ngap lut phia ha du ho theo cac kich ban xa tran.
THAM DO MUA
Hinh 1: So do tdng the ciia lie thdng
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I
TQ NGHIEN CL/U DEN TRIEN KHAI - SAN XUAT
Cac thanh phan ciia he thong
Cdc thiet bi phdn ciiCng
Tram do mUa tU dgng: Cdc tram do mfla tfl dpng dfldc bd tri tren lifu vifc va ha du ho. Tuy theo dien tich va dae diem cua cdc vung trong Iflu vfle vd ha du ho md bd tri cdc tram do mfla thich hgfp.
Tram do mfla cd cdc thiet bi chinh: Thung do mfla; he thdng pin mat trdi; thiet hi thu thap vd truyen sd lieu (RTU); tu thiet bi. Tram cd cae dae diem chinh nhfl sau: Sfl dung pin mat trdi de cung ca'p dien cho he thdng; truyen sd lieu ve ccf sd dfl lieu (CSDL) mdy chii qua dien thoai di dpng thong qua dich vu SMS, GPRS; do dflgfc mfla trdn; biet dflpc Iflcfng mfla tfle thdi (tinh tfl 7h sdng den thdi diem hien tai).
Trgm do mUc nUdc dgc theo trien sdng hq du ho: Tuy theo dac diem song phia ha du ho md cd the bd tri nhieu hay it cdc tram do mifc nflde.
Tram do mifc nflde cd cdc thiet hi chinh: Thiet hi do miic nflde; he thdng pin mat trdi; thiet hi thu thap va truyen sd lieu (RTU); tu thiet bi. Tram ed cae dac diem: Sfl dung pin mat trdi de cung ca'p dien cho he thdng; truyen sd lieu ve CSDL mdy chu qua dien thoai di dpng thong qua dich vu SMS, GPRS; do dflcfc mifc nflde tfle thdi.
Trg,m gidm sdt - dieu khien cdng trinh ddu mdi:
Bao gdm cac thiet bi chinh: Thiet bi do mifc nflde ho, ha lifu cae cdng lay nflde; thiet bi do dp md cac cfla tran xa lu, cdc cdng lay nflde; cac tu thiet bi hien trfldng de thu thap cae sd lieu mifc nflde, dp md cfla trdn, cfla edng, cac sd lieu trang thai van hanh eua cac xi lanh thuy life dieu khien cfla tran, cfla cdng va dieu khien xi lanh ddng md cae cfla tran, cfla cdng; cdc chdt tfl dong cac cfla tran khi tran d trang thai md bet cfla; he thdng camera dflgfc ket noi vdi bp ghi hinh va dflcfc hien thi tren ti vi man hinh ldn tai phong dieu khidn cua nha quan ly; ban dieu khien trung tam dat tai phdng dieu khien eua nha quan ly; may tinh chii dd lifu trfl dfl lieu; may tinh PC de gidm gidt va dieu khien he thdng tai phdng dieu khien cua nha quan ly; dfldng truyen cap quang bode ADSL cd dia chi IP tinh.
Tram ed cdc dae diem chinh: Sfl dung nguon dien Ifldi hoac nguon dien tfl mdy nd de dieu khien ddng md cfla tran, cfla edng tfl phdng dieu khien trung tam; trong trfldng hgfp nguon di?n Ifldi hoac nguon dien tfl may nd hi sfl co' thi he thdng ed the sfl dung nguon dien ac quy de phue vu cong
tdc gidm sdt; truyen todn bp sd li$u (vl mifc nflde ho, mifc nflde ha Iflu, dp md cfla trdn, cfla cdng.,.) ve CSDL mdy chu tai Vdn phdng chdng lut bao, gidm nhe thien tai qua mang Internet cd ddy hodc khong ddy.
Cdc phdn mim
Phan mem nhung dd nap cho thidt hi PLC S7- 300 tai bdn dieu khien trung tdm; nap cho thidt hi PLC S7-200 tai cdc tu d cae cfla trdn \k lu vd cdc cdng Id'y nflde.
Phan mem dfl bdo lu, dfl bdo ngap lut phia ha du vd ho trcr dieu hdnh hd chfla theo thdi gian thifc.
Phan mem gidm sdt - dilu k h i l n dfla tr§n cdng ngh? WebGis.
Cac chirc nang ciia h$ thdng
He thdng ed 3 ehflc ndng: Giam sat; tinh toan dfl bdo 10 va dieu hdnh ho chfla, dfl bao ngap lut phia ha du hd; dieu khien he thdng.
Chiic nang gidm sdt
Chfle nang nay dflgfc the hien thong qua phan mem gidm sdt dieu khien ho chfla Viet Nam dtte tren cong nghe WebGis. Khi ngfldi dung sfl dung trinh duyet Web vdo dia ehi httpy/hochuavietnam.
vn/; tren man hinh se xuat hien ban do Viet Nam.
Ngfldi dung chpn tinh can xem thong tin d bang danh sdch cac tinh ben trai man hinh, phan mem se hien thi danh sdch toan bp cdc ho chfla trong tinh. Ngfldi dung chon hd ndo cin. xem thong tin, phan m I m se dich chuyen ban dd den hd dd. Ngfldi dung ehi can kich chupt vao hd can xem thong tin Id phan m I m se hien thi:
Thong tin tfle thdi va IflU trfl: Mifc nflde ho, dung tich hd; dO md cfla tran, Iflu Iflgfng dang xa qua tran; dp md cfla cdng Idy nflde, IflU Ifldng dang chdy qua cdng; Iflgfng mfla tai cdc t r a m do mfla tr§n lifu vifc, d i u mdi vd ha du hd, mflc nflde tai tram quan tr^c doc theo t r i l n sdng phia h a du.
Hinh a n h tfl cdc camera lap dat tai diu mdi.
Cac ban ve thidt ke cong trinh.
Dfl bdo dien bien dong chay den hd, mifc nflde hd trong gid tidp theo.
Dfl bao ngdp lut phia ha du fltig vdi phfldng an xa trdn hi§n tai.
Hoat tfong
K H O A H O C ^°*^^^"9^^-2011
T D NGHIEN CL/U DEN TRIEN KHAI - SAN XUAT
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Hinh 2: Phdn mem gidm sdt - dieu khiin hS chUa dua trin cdng nghi WebGis
ChvCc nang tinh todn dU bdo IU, dU bdo nggp lut phia ha du vd dieu hdnh ho chita
Chfle nang nay dflcfc thifc hien thong qua phan mem dfl bdo lu, dfl bao ngap lut phia ha du vd dieu h a n h hd chfla. P h a n mem dflgfc xay ditog dang client
server. Sof do khdi cua phan mem nhfl sau:
Tinh toan du bao dong chay den ho, diln bien
muc nuac ho
No
Tinh toan dieu hanh ho Du bao ngap lut viing ha
duho i OK - In an phuang an xa tran.
Chuyen ket qua du bao ngap lut phia ha du len CSDL may chu trung tam.
Hinh 3: Sa do khoi phdn mem dU bdo lu, du bdo ngdp lut phia hq du vd dieu hdnh ho chda
Tinh todn dU bdo ddng chdy din ho, dikn biin mUc nUdc ho: Tfl sd^ lieu do mfla tren IflU vfle, mflc nflde hd, dp md cfla trdn, cfla edng hien tai, phan m I m se tinh toan dfl bdo d i l n bidn IflU Iflgfng den hd, mflc nflde trong cae gid tdi. Tfl ket qua nay, ngfldi dung cd t h e Ifla chpn cac pbflofng an van hanh ddng md cfla tran. Ung vdi moi pbflofng an, phan mem dfla r a pbflofng a n ngap lut phia h a du.
Tfl phflcfng a n ngdp lut phia h a du, ngfldi dung cd the dieu chinh phflcfng a n van hdnh xa lu eho hcfp ly.
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HinJi 4: Giao diin phdn mem du bdo Id, du bdo ngdp lut phia hg du ho vd dieu hdnh ho chUa
Phan mem sfl dung cdc md hinh: LTANK, phflcfng phdp dfldng xu the, phflcfng phap dfldng dan vi tdng hgfp khong thfl nguyen, pbflofng phdp Muskinggum, phflcfng phap nhap IflU de tinh todn dfl bao ddng chay ddn ho. Ngfldi dung cd the phan chia Iflu vfle de Ifla chpn mpt, hai, ba hoac ca bd'n md hinh de tinh todn dfl bdo ddng chay den ho.
Ung vdi tflng md hinh, he thdng cd cau true sd lieu dau vdo vd sof do tinh todn khac nhau. Trong trfldng hgfp sfl dung mo hinh LTANK de tinh toan dfl bao ddng chay den thi sau mdi mpt mua lu, khi md cd them chuoi sd lieu mfla ddng chay, phan mem se tif dpng tinh todn dieu chinh bp thdng sd cua mo hinh sao cho phu hgfp nhat vdi thifc td. Nhfl vay, cdng van hdnh he thdng thi phan mem se cdng dfla ra ket qua dfl bao chinh xdc hofn.
Du bdo ngdp lut vung hq du ho: Hang tram kich ban ngap lut dflgfc xay dflng trflde vdi eac phflcfng an xa trdn flng vdi cdc mflc nflde tren sdng va Iflgfng mfla, thdi gian mfla vung ha du ho. Khi chpn phfltfng an xa trdn, phan mem se tfl dpng so sanh phflcfng an xa tran nhfl vay vdi mflc nflde hien tai tren sdng, Iflcfng mfla vd thdi gian tran mfla hien tai vung ha du ho de chpn kich ban cd san gan dung vdi ede sd lieu hien tai de chpn lam ban dd dfl bao ngap lut vung ha du ho.
ChtCc ndng dieu khien
Viec dieu khien cac cfla trdn, cfla cdng dflcfc thifc hien tai 3 vi tri: Vi tri thfl nha't (tfl phan mem gidm sat - dieu khien trung tam tren may tinh dat tai nhd quan ly); vi tri thfl hai (ban dieu khien dat tai nhd quan ly); vi tri thfl ba (tfl cdc tu dieu khien tai chd).
Tren mat ban dieu khien ed 2 khda chuyen che dp dieu khien: Khda 1- Chuyen che dp Tai chd/Tfl
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So thang 11.201 I j ^ Q ^ j ^ Q ^ 39
TL/ NGHIEN CL/U DEN TRIEN KHAI - SAN XUAT
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Hmh 5: Bdn dieu khiin trung tdm
Tuy theo tifng trfldng hcfp md cdn bp dieu hanh (cd quyen dieu khien he thdng) ed the chuyen khda chpn chd dp dieu khien sang trang thai nhfl sau:
Chi do dieu khien td xa: De he thdng boat dpng d ehe dp dieu khien tfl xa, ta chuyen Khda 1 sang vi tri Td xa. Khi dd eac chfle ndng d i l u khien tai tu dilu khien tai cho se khong ed tdc dung.
+ Neu Khda 2 chuyen sang vi tri Mdy tinh se cho phep ngfldi van hdnh dilu khien vd gidm sdt tfl mdy tinh, tai bdn dieu khien chi cd the gidm sat eac trang thdi thong qua cac den bdo, eac nut ba'm tren ban dilu khien se khong cd tac dung.
+ Neu Khda 2 chuyen sang vi tri Bdn dk se eho phep ngfldi van hdnh dilu khien vd gidm sdt tai ban dilu khien, khi dd tren mdy tinh ehi cd thie giam sdt eac trang thdi thong qua ede dfen bdo, ede nut bam dieu khien se khong cd tdc dung.
Chi do dieu khiin tqi cho (chuyen khda chon ehd dp dilu khien sang vi tri Tqi cho). Khi dd quyen dieu khien chuyen sang ede tu tai cho. Todn bp he thdng dflcfc dilu khien bkng cdc nut bam vd den^bao tren ede tu ddt tai cho, cdc chfle ndng d i l u khien d vi tri thfl nhat vd thfl hai khdng cd tdc dung.
Trudng hgp ddc biU: He thdng d trang thdi lam vi$c binh thfldng, mflc nflde ho dang eao c i n phai tien hdnh xa lu ngay lap tfle, nhflng vi mot ly do nao dd cdn bp quan ly trdn khdng tbfle hien kip thdi thi he thdng se tfl dpng gfli tin nhan thong
hiio (Irn ^n.-lrn ddc, ^\{\m ddc co t h e sfl dung phan nirm ^n;ini s;U, - dii'u khii'ii de dieu khien van hanh he (h^n^^ (!lii (Jiam ddc ( ' o n g ty khai t h a c cong t n n h thuy hfi hoac Van p h d n g c h d n g lut bao, giam nhc tIncM tai tiKfi cd chifc nanf^ nay.
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-i^rri n^rri • ////(/; 6'.- I'hati litem giaiii sat va dieu kliicn he thong
tai chd ra ti( xa.
Ket luan
He t h d n g t h o n g tin giam .sat dieu khien ho chfla giup cac co' quan p h o n g chong lut bao, Cong ty quan ly k h a i t h a c cong t n n h thuy Icfi co the giam s a t dUgfc cac cong t r i n h , mifc nufdc ho, do md cfla t r a n , lifu lUcfng d a n g xa qua t r a n moi liic. mpi noi t h o n g qua m a n g I n t e r n e t . T r o n g trfldng hgfp k h a n cap, l a n h dao co quyen co t h e dieu khien van h a n h cfla t r a n xa lu tif xa.
P h a n m e m dif bao lu va dieu h a n h ho chfla theo thdi gian thifc giup can bp dieu h a n h ho chfla co t h e dfl bao ddng chay den ho, xay dflng cdc phflo'ng a n van h a n h ho chfla mpt each de d a n g va difa ra c a n h bao n g a p kit vung ha du ho. Viec nay giup Cdng ty quan ly khai t h a c cdng t r i n h thuy lpi co t h e van h a n h ho an t o a n ve cdng t r i n h va ha du hd chfla.
Ciic t h i e t bi c h i n h cua h e t h d n g da dflcfc Trung t a m Do lifdng Viet N a m k i e m d i n h ve c h a t Ifldng, cd cac t i n h n a n g vflgft troi so vdi s a n p h a m nhap ngoai, gia t h a n h r e b a n (20-30)%^, t h u a n tien cho viec bao h a n h , bao t r i b e t h d n g •
.« Hoattfong^., ^,
*" K H O A H O C ^°*^^"9 11 2011
