J? ^
KET QUA THl/C HIEN KE HOACH TONG THE CONG DONG KINH TE ASEAN (2007 - 2015)
VA TRIEN VONG
NGUYEN VAN HA*
Tom tat: Cpng ddng Kinh ti ASEAN ditgc thdnh lap vdo ngdy cudi ndm 2015 cung la th&i diim cdc nitac thdnh vien thttc hien xong Ki hogch Tdng the 2007-2015. Trong 4 ndi dung, muc tieu md AEC di ra, chi cd hai ndi dung phdt trien kinh ti ddng diu vd hdi nhgp vdo nin kinh ti todn cdu Id hodn thdnh ditgc cdc mue tieu di ra trong khi 2 ndi dung Id mpt thi trit&ng, ca sd sdn xudt thdng nhdt, mpt khu vttc cd tinh cgnh tranh cao khdng the cdn dich theo ki hogch. Ki hogch Tdng thi AEC giai dogn 2016-2025 tiip tuc di ra cdc nhiem vu nhdm hodn thdnh cdc npi dung chita hodn thdnh ngay trong ndm 2016 vd hudng t&i 2 npi dung quan trgng Id ndng eao kit ndi, hii&ng t&i ngitdi ddn, coi ngudi ddn Id trung tdm. Tuy nhien, cho din gi&, hdu hit ede npi dung vdn dang tiip tuc ditgc ede nitdc trien khai vd eung khd cd the hodn thdnh theo thifi gian da dinh. Han ntta, triin vgng cho viee thitc hien ki hogch 2016-2025 dem lgi eho ASEAN mpt sd thudn lgi nhUng cung khdng it khd khdn. Trong dd, tU da hda, hdi nhgp, lien kit kinh te mang lgi nhieu thdnh cdng eho khu vttc trong khi chenh lech ve trinh dp phdt trii^ nhUng khdc biet ve lgi ich qud'c gia lam cho viec thUe hien ede muc tieu kit ndi, hitdng tin ngUcfi ddn, coi ngitcri ddn la trung tdm cua ki hogch la nhitng thdch thttc l&n.
Tiif khoa: Kinh ti Bdng Nam A, Cpng ddng Kinh ti ASEAN, Ke hocich tdng thi AEC 2025, Trien vgng AEC
Mcf dau thanh lap nhifng nMeu npi dung, muc tieu Cdng ddng Kinh te ASEAN (AEC) cMnh ' " ^ ^° ^^^ '^^'^^ ^°^^'' * ^ ^ "^"^^ *^^ ^^"
thttc dttdc thanh lap ngay 31/12/2015 sau ^^ ^^ *^°^S ^^ ^°^''^ '^"•^S thi 2007-2015.
hdn 12 nam dttdc khdi xttdng Tuy nMen, ^°'- " ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ' " ^ S ' ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^^^
cung nhtt Cdng dong ASEAN (AC) ndi t"J^S ^^ ^° ^^^ '^htta thttc sif dttdc dinh ehung va 2 Cpng dong tru cpt cdn lai la ^dh rd net va van dang trong qua trinh Cpng ddng CMnh tri An ninh ASEAN hoan tMen nhtt mdt Cpng dong hen ke't (APSC), Cpng dong Van hda Xa hpi Mnh te tren eae phttdng dien thttdng mai, ASEAN (ASCC), AEC dttdc cMnh thttc dich vu, dau ttt, lao ddng ky nang, tai chinh.
* ThS. Nguyen Van Ha, Vien Nghien cttu Dong Nam A
Nguyin Vdn Hd - Ket qud thuc hien ke hogch tong the cdng dong kinh te... 13 tao lap mdi trttdng va hinh thanh chinh
sach canh tranh, day manh hpi nhap vdi ben ngoai. Bai vie't dttdi day se khai quat nhflhg ke't qua thttc Men ke hoach AEC de'n cud'i nam 2015, viec trien khai AEC ke ttt kM dttdc thanh lap va danh gia trien vpng eua nd trong thoi gian tdi.
1. Ket qua thiic hi^n Ke h o a c h AEC 2007 - 2015
Theo bao cao ttt Ban Thtt ky ASEAN, tinh de'n 31-10-2015, trong tong so 506 cac bien phap cua bieu danh gia (AEC Scorcard), trong dd cd 54 cae bien phap ttU cien cao (HPMs), dttdc dtta ra tai AEMs thang 3-2015, cac nttdc ASEAN da hoan thanh 469 cac Men phap, tttc la hoan thanh 92,7% ke hoach. Trong 4 npi dung, mue tieu ciia AEC tM cd 2 ndi dung, muc tieu khdng hoan thanh ke hoach de ra.
Trong dd, noi dung mdt thi trttdng va cd sd san xua't thd'ng nha't dat 256 bien phap tren tdng so' 277 Men phap vdi la le 92,4%.
Ndi dung mdt khu vttc cd tinh canh tranh cao cM dat 154 trong tong so' 170 bien phap, tttc la dat ti le 90,5%. Trong kM dd, ca hai npi dung mpt khu vttc phat trien dong deu va hpi nhap vao nen kinh te toan eau deu da hoan thanh 100% muc tieu de ra"^' Tuy nMen, neu theo ddi day du tdng so 611 bien phap dttdc cam ke't trttdc day tM cac nttdc ASEAN mdi cM dat 486 bien phap, tttc la 79,5% tinh de'n thdi diem 31- 10-2015<2'. Cu the, ke't qua viee thttc Men 4 npi dung cua AEC dttdc the Men:
1.1. Bdi v&i npi dung mpt thi trUi&ng, ca s& sdn xudt thdng nhdt
Ve thttdng mai hang hda: cac nttdc
ASEAN 6 da bai bo 99,2% cac ddng thue, cac nttdc ASEAN 4 da cd 90,86% dong thue giam ve mttc 0%, tong hdp lai cae nttdc ASEAN da cd 95,99% ddng thue dttdc bai bd'^'. Cung vdi viec cat giam thue quan, cae nttdc ASEAN tie'p tuc thttc Men cac bien phap nhdm tao thuan ldi cho thttdng mai vdi viec ddn gian hda nguyen tac nguon gdc thdng qua Dtt an Ttt cap Cbflhg ehi ASEAN. Trong dd, ta't ca 10 nttdc thanh vien cua ASEAN deu da tham gia mot trong 2 dtt an tM diem ttt cap chttng chi, httdng tdi He thd'ng Ttt cap Chttng cM toan ASEAN. Ben canh dd, eae nttdc ASEAN cflng dat dttdc nhifng tie'n bd trong sang Men Ctta so' ASEAN Duy nha't (ASW), trong dd 5 nttdc thanh vien eua ASEAN da thtt ngMem trao ddi tai heu va thdng tin thttdng mai bang each stt dung ASW thdng qua ctta so qud'c gia duy nha't. Ben eanh dd, sau nhieu nd Ittc, ASEAN da thanh lap Kho chtta (thdng tin) Thttdng mai ASEAN (ATR) vao thang 11-2015. Trong dd, ATR dttdc thie't lap dtta tren viec ke't nd'i cae thdng tin thttdng mai cua eae nttdc thanh vien nhtt thue quan MFN, thue quan ttu dai trong Hiep dinh thttdng mai hang hda ASEAN (ATIGA), Nguyen tac ngudn gdc (ROO), cac Bien phap pM thue quan (NTMs), luat, eae quy tac hai quan va thttdng mai qudc gia.. Cae nttdc thanh vien ASEAN cflng hpp tac nham bai bd cac rao can dd'i vdi thfldng mai thdng qua viec hai hda hda cae tieu chuan va stt phu hdp thdng qua cac Hiep dinh Cdng nhan Lan nhau (MRAs): thdng qua 3 MRA khu vttc la tMet bi dien va dien ttt (EEE), dttdc pham, my pham va dang chuan bi thdng qua dd'i
14 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A, sd 11/2016 vdi cac nganh thttc pham, d td, xay dttng.
Ve ttt do hda dich vu, cae nttdc ASEAN da dd bd can ban ta't ca nhiihg ban che ve thttdng mai dich vu, cu the la: nam 2010 dd'i vdi 4 nganh dich vu ttU tien la hang khdng, ASEAN dien ttt, cham sdc sttc khde, du lich; nam 2013 dd'i vdi nganh dich vu UU tidn thtt 5 la dich vu hau can va nam 2015, thttc hien vdi ta't ca cac nganh dich vu edn lai. Ve ed ban, cac cam ke't ttt dd hda dttdc thttc Men thdng qua cac vdng dien ra 2 nam 1 lan hen tie'p, ke ttt nam 2007 cho tdi nam 2015. Bao cao Hdi nhap cua Ban Thtt ky ASEAN thang 11- 2015 eho tha'y, cac cam ket trong Hiep dinh khung ASEAN ve dich vu (AFAS) da ed nhCfng cai thien dang ke khi ca 10 nttdc thanh vien deu tang cac nganh tieu dich vu sau mdi gdi cam ket.
Ve ddng dau ttt ttt do: Hiep dinh Dau ttt Toan dien ASEAN (ACIA) cd hieu life nam 2012 da dtta ra cac cam ket ve ttt do hda, thuc day va bao hd dau ttt xuyen bien gidi dtta tren thttc tiin qud'e te td't nha't. Tren Cd sd dd, eae nttdc thanh vien ASEAN da ed nhflhg nd life cai thien ehe' dp dau ttt cua minh nham tao ra mdt mdi trttdng dau ttt canh tranh trong khu vttc. Cac nttdc ASEAN da thttc Men ttt do hda dau ttt tren 5 khu vttc chu yeu la cdng nghiep che tao, ndng, lam, ngtt nghiep, khai thac, dieh vu va dang tie'p tue ttt do hda cac khu vttc khac. Diem dang chfl y la, cac nttdc thanh vien dang thttc hien mue tieu bien ASEAN thanh diem den dau ttt duy nha't. Tai dd, cac nha dau ttt nttdc ngoai khdng cdn quan Mem ASEAN nhtt 10 nen Mnh te rieng biet. Lien quan den ddng dau ttt ttt do va
ddng vd'n ttt do hdn, cac nttdc ASEAN cung dang day manh hdi nhap khu vttc tai cMnh nham muc tieu cai tMen tinh Meu qua va ha tha'p chi phi vd'n. Trong dd, he tho'ng tai chinh khu vttc httdng tdi stt ttt do hda hdn ntta dd'i vdi cac dich vu tai chinh, che dp tai khoan vd'n va lien ke't gitta cac thi trttdng vd'n, hd trd td't hdn cho cac boat ddng thttdng mai va dau ttt trong khu vttc. Ve ddng vd'n ttt do hdn: Men cac nttdc ASEAN dang tie'p tuc trien khai cac chttdng trinh nham phat trien va hpi nhiip thi trttdng vd'n thdng qua viec xay dttng cd sd ha tang, hinh thanh cac tieu chuan va dam bao sif ket nd'i td't hdn, day manh hdi nhap ngan hang... Trong dd, cac nttdc thanh vien dang theo dudi muc tieu ttt do hda tai ehinh khu vttc, day manh hdp tac xuyen bien gidi gitta cac thi trttdng vd'n trong ASEAN. Thi trttdng chuhg khoan cua mpt sd nttdc ASEAN da bttde dau hdp tac de hinh thanh Sd Giao dich ASEAN, thfle day thi trttdng vd'n ASEAN, cung cap nMeu cd hpi hdn cho eae nha dau ttt trong khu vttc.
Ve di chuyen ttt do cua lao ddng ed ky nang, cac nttdc ASEAN da ky ke't va trien khai Hiep dinh ASEAN ve Di chuye'n The nhan (MNP) tai Hpi nghi Thttdng dinh ASEAN lan thtt 21 thang 11-2012 d Campuchia. Theo dd, pham vi cua hiep dinh dttdc ap dung cho cac nha dau ttt Mnh doanh, di chuyen life Ittdng lao ddng trong npi bd mdt doanh nghiep, cac nha cung cap dich vu theo hdp dong. Dong thdi, de tao thuan ldi cho viec di chuyen cua the nhan, cac nttdc ASEAN tie'n hanh ky ke't cac Hiep dinh Cdng nhan l§n nhau (MRAs) dd'i vdi cac cbtthg ehi giao due, dao tao nghe.
Nguyen Vdn Hd - Ke't qud thttc hien ke hogch tong the cdng dong kinh te... 15 Tinh de'n nay, cac nttdc ASEAN mdi cM cd
8 MRA dttdc ky ke't bao gdm ky stt, dieu dttdng vien, Men true stt, chuyen vien khao sat, bae si y khoa, bac si nha khoa, ke toan va cbflhg cM nghe du Uch. Ngoai cae MRA, nam 2015, cac nttdc ASEAN cung trien khai cac bttde nham tao ra mdt khung kho ve trinh dp ehuyen mdn nham muc tieu hai hda hda nhttng quy dinh mang tinh phap ly gitta cac nttdc thanh vien. Tinh de'n nay, da cd 1.250 ky stt dang ky vdi cd quan cap chflhg nhan nghe ky stt cua ASEAN (ACPE) va 250 Men trfle stt dang ky vdi ed quan Men trfle stt ASEAN (AA)'*'.
1.2. Bdi v&i npi dung mpt khu vitc cd tinh cgnh tranh cao
Cac nttdc ASEAN da dat dttdc mot so' thanh cdng trong viec thttc Men cae npi dung nham nang cao sttc canh tranh ciia khu vttc. Cu the, ve quyen sd hfltt tri tue:
cac nttdc thanh vien da dat dttdc tie'n bp trong viec giam thdi gian cho quy trinh cap nhan mac, hdp tae khao sat sang che ASEAN dien ttt, thttc Men Ke hoach Hanh dpng Quyen Sd httu Tri tue giai doan 2011- 2015. Cho de'n nay da cd 8 nttdc thanh vien ASEAN thdng qua Mat canh tranh. Cae nttdc thanh vien da thdng qua luat bao ve ngttdi tieu diing vdi 9 nttdc tham gia, thttc Men ttU tien va thfle day nhan thttc chung ve bao ve ngttdi tieu dung.
Cimg vdi viec trien khai cac npi dung neu tren, viee nang cao sttc canh tranh cua ASEAN cung dttdc cac nttdc thanh vien chfl trpng is cap dp toan khu vttc, trong dd dang ke nha't la day manh chttdng trinh ke't nd'i trong AEC.
1.3. Ndi dung mpt khu vttc phdt trien dong deu
Mpt khu vttc phat trien dong deu trong ASEAN dttdc trien khai qua hang loat cac sang Men nhtt phat trien cac doanh ngMep vtta va nho (SMEs), cac Sang Men Hdi nhap ASEAN (IAI) nham thu hep khoang each phat trien. Tinh den nay, cac nttdc da thttc Men dttdc 100% cac Men phap de ra trong npi dung nay cua Ke hoach Tong the.
Trong dd, cae nttdc thanh vien da hoan thanh Ke hoach Hanh dpng CMen Ittdc ASEAN ve Phat triln SMEs giai doan 2010-2015, bao gom: hinh thanh khung nhan thttc ve quy phat trien SMEs, xay dttng chuan ASEAN ve phttdng phap danh gia tin dung SME, thfle day de an thttc tap trao ddi nhan stt.. Cac nttdc thanh vien ASEAN chfl trpng nang cao nang life canh tranh va md rdng SMEs, dac Met, eai tMen kha nang tie'p can cua SMEs trong toan khu vttc ve thdng tm, thi trttdng, tM chinh, nguon nhan life, ttt van kinh doanh, cdng nghe, doi mdi. Trong kM dd, cac sang Men Hdi nhap ASEAN (IAI) ve thu hep khoang each phat trien v&n dttdc trien khai tdi cae nttdc ASEAN 4 vdi viee hoan thanh ke hoach Khung ASEAN ve Phat trien Kinh te Dong deu (AFEED) giai doan 2009-2015.
1.4. Hpi nhgp vdo nin kinh ti todn edu Trong mang Ittdi san xua't toan cau, cac nttdc ASEAN va AEC cd ttu the canh tranh ve life Ittdng lao dpng, cac nguon life, lao ddng ky nang, tri thttc, sttc manh va tiem nang da dang de ed the hdi nhap vao nen Mnh te toan cau. CMnh vi vay, trong danh gia ve AEC cua Ban thtt ky ASEAN, ndi
16 Nghien cim Ddng Nam A, sd 11/2016 dung hdi nhap vao nen Mnh te toan cau da
dttdc cac nttdc thanh vien va toan khu vttc hoan thanh 100% cac bien phap trong Ke hoach tong the. Trong toan thdi ky, cac nttdc thanh vien tie'p tue trien khai va lam sau sac cac quan he thttdng mai, dau ttt vdi cac nen Mnh te trong khu vttc trong cac the che FTA ASEAN-i-1 vdi cac nttdc Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c... va dang dam phan de di den hiep dinh dd'i tac Mnh te toan dien khu vttc (RCEP) eho khu vifc Ddng A.
2. Mpt so noi dung AEC trien khai nam 2016 va ke h o a c h giai doan 2016 -2025
Tai Hdi nghi Thttdng dinh ASEAN lan thtt 27 d Kuala Lumpur (thang 11-2015), eae nha lanh dad ASEAN da dtta ra Ke hoach Td'ng the AEC 2025 nham Men thttc hda cae muc tieu, ndi dung cua AEC eho thdi ky 2016-2025. Theo dd, AEC vao nam 2025 dttdc ky vpng se la mdt khu vttc Mnh te mang tinh cd ke't cao va hdi nhap sau sac nham hd trd cho stt tang trttdng Mnh te cao, ben vQhg, ttt cttdng, cd the dttdng dau vdi cac cfl sdc ve Mnh te' tren toan cau.
AEC cflng dem lai stt tang trudng bao trum va ddng deu hdn trong ASEAN de thu hep khoang each phat trien, loai bd ddi ngheo, duy tri tang trttdng cao ve thu nhap dau ngttdi va gia tang tang ldp trung luu. De lam dttdc dieu nay, ASEAN chfl trpng de'n thfle day tang nang suat lao ddng thdng qua dd'i mdi, phat trie'n nguon nhan life va cdng nghe, nang cao nang life canh tranh ' de tham gia vao chuoi gia tri toan cau (GVCs) cung nhtt trie'n khai hang loat cac
quye't sach hen quan de'n nang cao nang life quan tri, trach nhiem giai trinh, sif tham gia tich ctte cua khu vttc ttt nhan, tang cttdng ket nd'i... Diem dang chu y trttdc het ciia Ke hoach nay chinh la ASEAN danh stt ttU tien cao trong nam 2016 nham hoan thanh no't cac bien phap ma Ke hoach tdng the 2015 cdn de lai va van gitt nguyen thdi han hoan thanh cac cam ke't trong AEC cho cac nttdc CLMV tdi nam 2018.
Trong nam 2016, ASEAN de ra nhiem vu hoan thanh nd't 2 muc tieu, ndi dung cua AEC ma ke hoach trttdc chtta hoan thanh, dd la hinh thanh mpt thi trttdng, cd sd san xua't thdng nha't va xay dttng mdt khu vttc cd tinh canh tranh cao. Ke ttt dau nam tdi nay, ngoai viec cac nttdc thanh vien mdi tiep tuc thttc Men cat giam thue quan (nhttng ehtta nhieu), cac nttdc thanh vien tap trung vao van de mau chd't nha't ctta ndi dung 1 la tao thuan lpi cho thttdng mai, ttt do hda dich vu, cai thien mdi trttdng dau ttt, hpi nhap tai ehinh thdng qua thttc hien cac sang Me'n ttt cap chttng chi nguon gd'c, ASW, ATR, eai each, hai hda hda thu tue, tieu chuan...
Trong dd, ta't ca cac nttdc thanh vien da nha't tri stta ddi thu tuc chttng chi boat ttpng eua ATIGA, chap nhan stt dung elec- tronic Form D trong ASW vdi mue tieu giai quyet viec thanh toan hang hda va nang cao hpi nhap Mnh te cua ASEAN.
Ben canh dd, ke ttt khi khdi xttdng ATR thang 11-2015 den nay, cac nttdc thanh vien ASEAN da thanh lap Kho ehtta (thdng tin) Thttdng mai Qud'e gia (NTRs), gdp phan ke't nd'i thdng tin ttt NTRs sang
Nguyen Vdn Hd - Ket qud thuc hien ke hogch tdng thi cdng dong kinh te... 17 ATR. Day la dieu Men quan trpng de nang
cao tinh minh bach va eai tMen tiep can thdng tin Mnh doanh. Dang chfl y, tai Hdi nghi Bd trttdng Kinh te ASEAN (AEM) lan thtt 48 (8-2016), cac nttdc ASEAN da khdi xttdng thanh lap Cac Giai phap ASEAN dd'i vdi Dau ttt, Dich vu va Thttdng mai (ASSIST) nham van hanh day du cd che tham van. Theo dd, ASSIST khuyen kMch boat dpng Mnh doanh dtta tren nen tang ASEAN va he thd'ng giflp vao viec giai quyet bat ky nhttng khd khan nao (thdng tin phan hdi) ma doanh ngMep gap phai kM tie'n hanh Mnh doanh trong khu vttc. Ngoai cac ndi dung dttpe trien khai trong nam 2016 nhtt neu tren, cac ndi dung cdn lai phai hoan thanh tttdng dd'i khd khan va khd cd the giai quyet dttdc trong nam. Bdi vi eae ndi dung nay cd lien quan nhieu den eae van de ky thuat hay the che chinh sach nhtt chttdng trinh ke't nd'i ASW, ATR, tao thuan Idi cho thttdng mai, nhan dien va loai bd NTBs, md rdng eae MRA, hai hda hda cac tieu ehuan ky thuat, luat, ehinh sach eanh tranh, bao ve ngttdi tieu dung, quyen sd httu tri tue...
Ddng thdi, nhieu ndi dung ndi tren cdn ddi hdi phai trien khai ddng bp tren ca 10 nttdc trong khi gitta eae nttdc cdn ed stt khac biet nhilu ve nen tang, trinh dp.
Chinh vi vay, ea 2 ndi dung nay tren thttc te se phai hoan thanh trong ea giai doan 2016-2025.
Trong khi dd, Ke hoach Tdng the AEC 2016-2025 httdng den xay dttng mot nen Mnh te khu vttc cd 5 dac tinh, nhan to, cd md'i quan he bd sung va tae ddng lin nhau bao gom: (i) Mdt nen Mnh te' khu vttc cd
tfnh CO k i t va hpi nhap cao; (ii) Mdt ASEAN canh tranh, doi mdi va nang dpng;
(ui) Nang cao k i t nd'i va hdp tac khu vttc;
(iv) Mpt ASEAN ttt cttdng, bao trum, httdng tdi ngttdi dan, coi ngttdi dan la trung tam;
(v) Mdt ASEAN toan cau.
Ttt 5 dac tinh neu tren cho tha'y, Ke hoach Td'ng the AEC 2025 chinh la stt tie'p nd'i ke hoach tdng the 2015, ngoai viec phai hoan thien cac npi dung dttdc xem la cdn gai gde chtta thttc hien xong va dtta ra mdt so ndi dung mdi. Nhflhg npi dung can phai tiep tuc thttc Men bao gdm tao thuan ldi cho thttdng mai, loai bo cac rao can, dieu tiet tai bien gidi va sau bien gidi dd'i vdi thttdng mai nham dat dttdc stt di ehuyen cua hang hda mdt each thdng sud't, hieu qua, cd tinh canh tranh. Nhttng npi dung mdi dang chfl y la viec ASEAN chfl trpng de'n stt tham gia eua khu vttc vao chudi gia tri toan cau, nang cao ket nd'i va hdp tac khu vttc, nhttng diem nhan quan trpng de cd the dtta khu vttc di de'n hdi nhap thanh cdng. De ed the tham mdt each hieu qua va ed sttc canh tranh trong chudi gia tri toan eau, cac nttdc thanh vien dang httdng tdi viec cat giam thdi gian tham gia giao thdng, giam cM pM phan phd'i va day manh hdp tac tren mdt so linh vttc nhtt nang Ittdng, viln thdng va cdng nghe thdng tin. Vdi mpt dia hinh da dang trai dai ttt cac nttdc Ddng Nam A luc dia tdi hai dao, day manh ke't nd'i ASEAN trd nen quan trpng dd'i vdi hpi nhap Mnh te. Trong dd, cac nttdc ASEAN da va dang tap trung phat trie'n dich vu phan phdi va hau can ed hieu qua thdng qua ket nd'i cd sd ha tang vat chat nhtt he thd'ng cac
18 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A, sd 11/2016 dttdng cao td'e, dttdng sat, cac cang hang
khdng, cac cang, he thd'ng van tai bien, dttdng truyen tai dien, dttdng dSn khi dot va cai tMen ket nd'i vl the che, nha't la cac Mep dinh xuyen bien gidi. Theo httdng dd, ttt do hda dieh vu van chuyen hang hda va hanh khach gitta cac doanh nghiep ASEAN cflng la mdt ndi dung httdng tdi nang cao nang life canh tranh trong khu vttc. Dang chfl y trong linh vttc hang khdng la ehinh sach bau trdi md ASEAN httdng tdi thi trttdng hang khdng duy nha't ASEAN. Van de quan trpng tiep theo trong ket nd'i ehinh la linh vttc cdng nghe thdng tin viln thdng (ICT), cMa khda dtta de'n stt chuyen ddi Mnh te xa hdi trong khu vttc. Trong dd, ASEAN dang de ra ttu tien trong thu hep khoang each sd de dam bao eho mpi edng dong, doanh nghiep trong ASEAN ed the httdng ldi ttt ICT.
Ben eanh cac dttdng httdng chinh neu tren, ASEAN cung de ra hang loat cac ke hoach cu the cho giai doan 2016-2025 trong cac linh vttc vl canh tranh, quyln sd httu tri tue, bao ve ngttdi tieu dung, phat trie'n cac SME...
3. Mpt so danh gia ve trien vpng thay cho Idfi ke't
Ttt nhflhg npi dung, dac tinb dttpe dl ra trong ke hoach AEC 2025 cho tha'y trong thdi gian tdi, ASEAN ed nMlu kha nang nang cao trinh dp hen ket va hdi nhap Mnh te tren cd sd thttc Men cac ndi dung, muc tieu chtta hoan thanh trong ke hoach 2015, ddng thdi tiep tuc trien khai, the che hda, hoan tMen, mdt sd ndi dung mdi trong ke hoach 2025. Tuy nhien, trien vpng cho viec
Mnh thanh mdt cdng dong Mnh te thttc sif vdi 5 dac tinh, nhan td da neu dang va se phai dttdng dau vdi nMeu thach thifc.
Nhtthg nhan td thuan ldi, thuc day AEC trong thap ky tdi the Men tren cae diem ehinh nhtt: cac nttdc thanh vien ASEAN da hoan thanh cd ban cac the che nham thifc Men qua trinh ttt do hda 5 thanh to; ciing vdi qua trinh ttt do hda va Hen ket Mnh te gia tang, nang life canh tranh cua ASEAN se dttdc eai thien trong thdi gian tdi vdi til each la mdt td chttc khu vttc, mpt the che hpi nhap da dat dttdc mttc dp hen ket kinh te tttdng dd'i kha; trien vong hdp tac trong linh vifc ke't nd'i se vd cflng ldn, md ra cho ca cac nttdc thanh vien cfl va mdi trong mot khdng gian trai rdng d Ddng Nam A; viec xay dttng ASEAN ttt cttdng, httdng tdi ngudi dan, coi ngttdi dan la trung tam la mot httdng di mdi, gdp phan nang tam AC noi chung, AEC ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, viec Men thttc hda hoan toan 5 ndi dung cila AEC trong thdi gian tdi khdng phai la mot viec de dang. Ve mat nay, kha nang xay dttng mpt nen Mnh te khu vttc cd tinh co ke't, hpi nhap cao thdi gian tdi vin dttoc xem la mdt thach thttc khi ca 5 npi dung ttt do hda van chtta the di tdi dieh hoan toan. Hdn ntta, chenh lech vl trinh dp phat trien Mnh te xa hdi, nhiihg chenh lech ve the che, chinh sach, ed sd ha tang gitta cac nttdc thanh vien ASEAN la nhttng trd ngai chinh dd'i vdi hien thttc hda AEC. Dong thdi, thanh qua hpi nhap mang lai eho cac nttdc tham gia khac nhau se d i n tdi nay sinh hang loat cac van de vl chenh lech phat trien gia tang, xdi mdn long tin cua cac nttdc tham gia.
Nguyen Vdn Hd - Ke't qud thuc hien ke hogch tdng the cdng dong kinh te... 19
Thttc t e p h a t t r i e n cua A S E A N thdi gian qua cho tha'y, A E C vdi nhflhg ndi dung M n h t e k h a t M e t thttc h e n quan den v a n de ttt do h d a , hpi n h a p , Ken k i t M n h t e da va se m a n g lai n M e u cd hdi p h a t t r i e n M n h t e cho cac nttdc t h a n h vien nhttng Cdng d d n g cung khd cd t h e M e n thttc h d a cac npi dung dttdc xem la gai gdc nhtt t h u h e p c h e n h lech p h a t t r i e n , httdng tdi ngttdi d a n , coi ngttdi d a n la t r u n g tam./.
C H U T H I C H
1. A blueprint for Growth ASEAN Economic Commimity 2015: Progress and Key Archivements, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015, p.9
2. A blueprint for Growth ASEAN Economic Commumty 2015: Progress and Key ArcMvements, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015, p.lO
3. A blueprint for Growth ASEAN Economic Commumty 2015: Progress and Key ArcMvements, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015, p. 10
4. A blueprint for Growth ASEAN Economic Commumty 2015: Progress and Key ArcMvements, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015, p . l 3
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O C H I N H
1. A Blueprint for Growth ASEAN Economic Community 2015: Progress and Key Archivements, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015
2. ASEAN 2015, Press Statements, The report of the ASEAN Economic Community
Council to the 26"^ ASEAN Summit, Kuala Lumpur, 27-4-2015
3. ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015 4. ASEAN Commumty Vision 2025, ASEAN
Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015
5. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11- 2015
6. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC):
Progress, Challenges and Opportunities, N e t h e r l a n d s Business Community Meeting, Jakarta, Indonesia, 27 August 2015
7. ASEAN Integration Report 2015, ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta, 11-2015
8. Chairman's Statement of the 27<^ ASEAN Summit, Kuala Lumpur, 21-11-2015 9. Hank LIM, Bemard AW, LOKE Hoe Yeong,
AEC Scorecard Phase IV: Furthering the Implementation of the AEC Blueprint Measures, ERIA Discussion Paper Series, The Singapore Country Report, 6-2015 10. Kuala Lumpur Declaration on a People-
Oriented, People-Centred ASEAN, Kuala Lumpur, 28-4-2015
11. James WaUar, Achieving the Promise of the ASEAN Economic Community: Less Than You Imagine, More Than You Know, Trade, Energy, and Economic Affairs group. The National Bureau of Asian
Research, 7-2014
12. M a n PANGESTU, LUi Yan ING, ASEAN:
Regional Integration and Reforms, ERIA Discussion Paper Series, 9-2015
13. Ponciano INTAL Jr., AEC Blueprint Implementation Performance and Challenges: Trade Facilitation, ERIA Discussion Paper Series, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 5-2015
14. The 48*^ ASEAN Economic Mimsters' (AEM) Meeting, Jomt Media Statement, 3- 8-2016.
