Tap chi GTVT 1+2/2014
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HIEN TRANG CAU D A Y VANG d VIET NAM
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& sir can Mk lap dat he thong quan trac
PGS. TS. TONG TRAN TUNG
Tom tat: Bit dau xay di/ng td nam 1997 - 1998, eho den nay d VIgt Nam da eo hang chgc cay cau day vang dugc dua vao khai thac va hang ehgc cay cau day vang khac dang dugc chuan bj xay dung.
Tren mgng ludi dudng bg dja phuang cung eo hang ehgc cay eau day vang nhjp trung trinh da dua vao sddgng tdhan 10 nam nay. Tdng tai san eda nhdng cay eau nay len den hang tram ngan ty ddng. Ba xuat hign mgt sd hung hong ege bg va mgt vai si/
ed ky thugt. Trong khi dd, hg thdng qui trinh bao tri va vgn hanh khai thac cac cau day vang ehua hoan chinh. Chi cd mgt sd it eac cau day vang dugc lip dat hg thdng quan trie de theo doi, phat hign va canh bao ve nhdng rdi ro ky thugt trong qua trinh khai thac. Bai viet gidl thieu tdng quat ve hign trgng cau day vang d VIgt Nam, si/ can thiet phai thiet Igp hg thdng quan trie va mgt sd kien nghi lien quan.
Abstracts: Start construction from 1997 - 1998, in Vietnam so far has dozens of long span cable - stayed bridge was put Into operation and dozens of other have been preparing to build. On the local road network also has dozens of medium span cable - stayed bridge is li&ng exploited since more than 10 years. Total assets of those bridge up to hundreds of thousands of billions VND. There were some minor damage and some technical problems occur. However the system of standards and spec- ifications for maintenance and operation has not tieen fully. Only a handful of cable-stayed bridge is Installed monitoring systems to track, detect and warn about the technical risks In the operation process . The paper presents the current status of the cable-stayed bridge in Vietnam and the need to establish such monitoring systems and some related proposals.
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Tren the gidi eung nhU d Viet Nam hien nay, ngay eang cd nhieu cay eau nhjp Idn vdi ket cau hien dai nhung phdc lap dUde xay dUng, nha't la nhiJng cay cau he day nhu eau day vdng, cau day vang. Ket eau eang phdc tap thi dng xii ciia nd dudi cac tai trpng va lac dpng thudng xuyen hay n g l u nhien lai eang khd tUdng minh nen eang khd kiem soat bang eac bien phap thong Ihudng. Da cd nhieu cay eau diJ dupe thiet ke tinh loan, thi cong xay lip, kiem soat chat lupng... tuan thii day du cac van ban phap qui, cac qui djnh ky thuat, cae lieu chuan lien quan...
NhUng trong qua trinh thi edng, van hanh, khai thac...
cae su cd ky thuat, tham chi la sap dd c6ng trinh v i n xay ra. Theo thdng ke chua day du eua Joachim Sober [1], Id nam 1925 den nam 2000, Iren the gidi da cd den 356 cay eau bj sup dd da dupe cdng bd, trong dd ed 93 cau xay ra trong khi Ihi edng, 86 eau xay ra trong khi khai thac ma khong ehju bat ky tac ddng bat IhUdng nao, 48 cau do va lau, 18 eau do qua lai, 32 eau do lu lut, 15 cau do chay nd... Cd the ke den nhiing sU cd sap eau gay hau qua nghiem trpng d nude la nhU sU ed sap dd eau Rao 1987 sau 7 nam dUa vao khai Ihac, sU cd sap da giao khi thi cdng hai nhjp neo eiia cau Can ThP, sU ed tau bien va cham lam hU hdng eau Binh gan day... Trong khi dd, eho d i n nay tren the gidi v i n chua cd mot bp lieu chuan linh toan t h i l l k l cau day vang nao dupc ban hanh. Cae nha thiet k l eau day vang v i n phai blng kinh nghiem va kien thdc eua minh lien hanh nghien cdu, phan tich k i t cau cho tdng so dd eu the de dUa ra cac giai phap t h i l l k l eho tUng cay cau. Nhu vay, thi ehi can nhiing khilm khuyll, yeu kem trong viec thiet ke, trong phan lich k i t ca'u, trong cdng nghe xay lap cung nhu trong quan li, bao tri eung cd the d i n den nhiJng su ed gay hu hai nghiem trpng lam suy giam kha nang khai thac, suy giam tudi thp, tham ehi gay sap dd cdng trinh. Viec trien khai l i p dat he thdng quan trie nhIm canh bao trude nguy cP d i n d i n cac sU cd nay d l ed nhiJng bien phap can Ihiep kjp thdi ddi vdi cac cdng trinh cau ndi chung va nha't la cae cay cau day vang ndi rieng d nude ta hien nay la cap thiet.
2. Hl?n trang cac cau day vang d Vl§t Nam Ke Id khi b i t dau xay dung eau day vang sdng Han, Dakrong 1997 - 1998, cho den nay, da cd hang chuc cay eau dUde dUa vao khai thac va hang chuc cay cau day vang khac da va dang chuan bj xay dung.
Ben canh dd, cdn cd hang chuc eau day vang phuc vu giao thong nong thon dupe xay dung each day hang chuc nam. The nhung eho den thdi diem nay, he thdng qui trinh bao tri, khai thac cung nhu he thdng td chdc de quan li ehUa dupe hoan thien. Cae cau ed l i p dat he thdng quan trie cdn it, ehUa hoan chinh, chii yeu ehi de phuc vu giai doan thi edng. Den nay, da ed mot sd eau xua't hien nhiJng hU hdng cue bd va xay ra sU ed ky thuat Cae eau day vang nay ed tdng gia trj lai san len den hang tram ngan ti ddng.
Cac cau day vang dUPc xay dUng d nude ta hien nay kha da dang ve chiing loai ket ca'u. Da dang ve sd lupng mat phang day, ed ca mdt, hai, ba mat phang
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day. Da dang ve hinh dang tru thap, chii yeu bang BTCT cd hinh dang chiJ H, chiJ A, chiJ Y ngUPc... Da dang ve chiing loai dam chii: Dam dae va dam hop blng BTDUL, dam I va dam hdp bang thep, dam lai k i t hpp dam hop bang BTDUL va dam hop thep. Da dang v l chung loai mdng: Mdng cpc khoan nhdi dudng kinh Idn, cpc dng thep, vdng vay epc dng thep, gieng chim... He cap lam day vang cUng dUpc sil dung hau het cac he thdng cap vang cua the gidi nhU he bd cap gdm eac tao cap song song thi cdng lai hien trudng PSS, he thdng bd cap che tao s i n trong nha may blng cac sdi cap song song PWS, he thdng bd cap e h i lao s i n the he mdi NPWS, he cap day vang blng cae thanh bar... Chilu dai nhjp chinh cung kha da dang, ed ea nhjp Idn Id 230 550m nhung eung ed ca nhiJng nhjp nhd va trung binh lU 30 - 80m.
Dudi day xin gidi Ihieu 1dm t i l mot sd eau day vang da va dang hoac se chuan bj xay dUng d nude la.
2.1. Ciu sdng Han d TP. Da Ning
Cau quay day vang mot tru thap cd sP dd nhjp:
5x33m-i-2x61m-H6x33m = 485m, B= 13m. Hai nhjp day vang (nhjp quay), dam thep, ban mat eau lien hpp thep - be tdng. T h i l l k l Cong ty CP t u van xay dung 533 (CIENCO 5); Ihi edng Cong ly CP cau 12 (CIENCO 1), dUa vao khai Ihae nam 2000.
Ciu sdng Han
2.2. Ciu Dakrong, sdng Be pan (Quang Trj) Cau day vang mot thap, sP dd nhjp: 22,5m -i- 42m -H 86.9m -^ 22,5m, B = 9m. Dam thep 2x I 1024, ban mat eau be long lien hpp vdi dam thep. Thi cdng lap hang cae ddt dam thep c h i lao tai xudng. Thiet ke Tong cdng ly Tu van thiet ke GTVT (TEDI); Ihi eong Tdng eong ly Xay dung cong Irinh giao Ihong 4 (CIENC04), dUa vao khai thac nam 2000.
2.3. Ciu My Thuan Qudc Ig 1 qua song Tien Cau chinh day vang cd sP dd nhjp 155m -^ 350m -I- 155m = 660m. B = 23,66m, 4 lan xe eP gidi + 2 lan bd hanh. Hai mat phang day song song, 128 bd cap vang he PSS gdm 2 2 - 6 8 tao cap 15,2mm. Hai dam chii BTDUL cao 2m, ban mat cau BTCT day 0,25m.
Thap cau BTCT cao 123,5m linh tU dinh be epc.
Mdng tru thap 16 cpc khoan nhdi dudng kinh 2,5m/
tru, ha sau 90 - 100m. Thiet ke Maunsell Mclnlyre Pty Ltd; Ihi cong Baulderstone Hornibrook Engineering Pty Ltd + CIENC06, dUa vao khai thac nam 2000.
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Cat! My Thuan
24. Ciu Kien, Qudc Ig 10 qua song Cam (Hai Phdng) Tdng chilu dai 1.186m, B= 16,7m; cau chinh day vang: 85m -i- 200m •^ 85m = 370m. Dam hop BTDUL ed 2 vach cdng lao thanh hop 3 ngan, cao 2,2m, lap hing (SBS) 110 ddt, long eong 14.300 tan. Cap vang 72 bd cap he PSS gdm 37 48 lao cap 15,2mm.
Kiem soat luc eang b l n g cac Loadeell. Thap try BTDUL hinh chiJ H cao 79,5m linh Id dinh be coc.
Mdng cpc khoan nhdi dudng kinh 2m, ha sau 70 - 80m, 20 epe/lru thap. Thiet ke Niponkoe -t- TEDI; thi cdng Sumitomo Mitsui -H Tdng eong ly xay dung Thang Long, dUa vao khai thac thang 9/2003.
Cau Dakrong
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ciu Kien
2.5. Ciu Binh qua sdng Cam (Hal Phdng) Cau chinh day vang 100m -(-260m -^ 100m B = 22,5m. 80 bd cap vang he NPWS. Dam thep I han, cao 1,75m, ban mat cau BTCT lien hop vdi dam thep. Thap try BTCT cao 106m linh Id dinh be mdng Mdng cpc dng thep D800/900mm. Thiet ke la CHODAI Co., Ltd. Thi eong Ishikawajima Harima
T?p chi GTVT 1+2/2014
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Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Shimizu va Sumilomo- Milsui, dUa vao khai thac thang 5/2005. {Dem
17/7/2010, ba tau bien bi bao Conson lam ddt day neo, dam vao nhjp giUa cau. Phai han thay the 22,4m dam chu, hai bd cap vang NPWS ed chieu dai 105m va 116m).
Ciu Binh
2.6. Ciu Bai Chay qua Cda Luc, Qudc Ig 18 (Quang Ninh)
Cau chinh day vang mot mat phang day, dam hdp BTDUL, ky luc the gidi. So dd nhjp: 35m-H86m-h 129,5m-i-435m-Hl29,5m-h86m B = 25,3m. 112 bd cap day vang he PSS gdm 37 lao - 75 lao 15,2mm. Dam hop ddn, sudn nghieng 45°, dng thep tang cudng.
Due hing can blng, kiem soat luc trong bd cap blng cac Loadeell. Mdng gieng chim hPi ep kich thude Idn.
Thiet ke: JBSI; thi edng Shimizu-Sumitomo-Mitsui -i- CIENC01, dua vao khai thac thang 12/2006. Dang l i p dat he thdng quan trie khai thac cua Freyssinet.
Ciu Bai Chay
2.7. Ciu Rach Mieu qua song Tien, qudc Ig 60 ndi hai tinh Tien Giang • Ben Tre
Tdng chieu dai 2.878m; eau chinh day vang:
117m -H 270m -H 117m, B = 15m. 112 bd cap he PSS.
Kiem soat luc trong bd cap b l n g cac Loadeell. Dam chii BTDUL. Tru thap BTCT cao 106m linh Id dinh be mdng. Mdi try 20 cpc khoan nhdi dudng kinh 2m, khoan sau 90m. Thiet ke Tdng edng ty TU van thiet ke GTVT (TEDI); thi eong CIENCO 1. He thdng quan trie (thi edng, khai thac): Loadeell do luc eang trong bd cap, do tde dp gid va kilm soat Ung xd cua eau (SHMS, VSL), dua vao khai thac thang 12/2006.
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2.8. Ciu Cin Tho qua song Hau, Qudc Ig 1, ndi Vinh Long - Cin Tho
Cau chinh day vang: 2x40m -t- 150m + 550m + 150m -h2x40m. B = 23,1m. Bd cap NPWS tU cac spi ma kem 7mm, Idn nha't 199 spi. Dam lai (hybrid) dam BJDUL hinh hop cd 3 vach ngan, cao 2,70m, due hang, doan giiJa210m la dam hop thep che lao s i n . Tru thap hinh chCJ Y ngupe cao 134,70m tinh Id mat cau. Mdng try thap, cpc khoan nhdi dUdng kinh 2,50m ha sau 94m. Thiet k l Nippon Koei - Chodai Co. Ltd; thi cdng Lien danh Taisel - Kajima - Nippon Steel + VSL + Mitsui Thang Long, dUa vao khai thac thang 4/2010.
Ciu Cin Tho
2.9. Cau Phu My qua song Sal Gdn, ndi Qugn 2 va Quan 7, TP. Hd Chi Minh
Cau chinh day vang: 155m-^350m•^155m. B - 27,5m, 6 lan eP gidi -i- 2 lan thd sP. Bd cap vang he PSS; dam BTDUL cao 2,2m. Thiet ke va thi cdng Bilfinger Berger + Baulderstone Hornibrook, Freyssinet
Cau Phu My
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International el Companie + Areadis, dUa vao sd dung thang 9/2009.
2.10. Ciu Trin Thj Ly qua song Han (Da Nang) Cau chinh day vang 3 mat phang day: Sd dd nhjp 4x50m -y- 230m = 430m. B l rpng loan bp eau 35,5m:
6 lan eP gidi + 2 lan thd sP •^ dai phan each 5m d giOa.
Try thap cd mat e l l ngang hinh chiJ V blng BTCT, nghieng 12 dd ve phia Tay cau (phia md SI), cao 145m, ed bd tri san vpng canh va thang may. Try BTCT, mdng try cpc khoan nhdi. Da l i p dat he thdng quan trie cho ea giai doan thi edng va khai thac.
Thilt k l WSP; thi eong CIENC01 -H VSL, dUa vao khai thac thang 4/2013.
Cau Tran Thj Ly
2.11. Cau Nhat Tan qua sdng Hdng (TP. Ha Ngi) Cau chinh day vang 5 thap: 150m + 3x350m + 150m, B = 35,6m 4 lan cP gidi, 2 lan bus, 2 lan hdn hpp, 2 I I di bp. Mdng vdng vay cpc dng thep. Dam thep, ban mat eau be long lien hdp vdi dam thep. Bd cap vang che tao s i n he NPWS, vd bao ve blng vat lieu huynh quang
Thiet k l Nipon Engineering + Chodai Co. Ltd; thi edng Mitsui Sumitomo, du k i l n lh6ng xe thang 10/2014.
Ciu Nhat Tan
2.12. Cac cay ciu dang xay di/ng va chuan bj xay dung
Ngay 10/9/2013, eau Vam Cdng ed eau chinh day vang edsPdd nhjp 210m -H450m -i-210m v a b i rdng 27,5m vUPl sdng Hau va ngay 19/10/2013, cau Cao Lanh vUpl song Tien eung ed cau chinh day vang vdi sPddnhjp 150m + 350m-h 150m va eung ed cung be rpng 27,5m da dupe khdi cdng xay dUng (Hinh 1).
Tren luyen cao lde Ben LUe - Long Thanh se xay dung hai cau day vang la eau Binh Khanh vupl sdng Soai Rap cd sP dd nhjp cau chinh la 187m -H 375m -i- 187m, B = 30m va eau Phude Khanh vudtsdng Ldng Tau cd sd dd nhjp cau chinh la 149,5m -h 300m -i- 149,5m, B = 30m.
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Hinh 1: Vj tri ciu Cao Lanh va ciu Vam Cdng Ngoai ra, cdn cac eau PhUde An (Ba Rja - Vung Tau), Bach Dang (Quang Ninh), Nguyin Trai, Vu Yen (Hai Phong)... eung se la nhiing cay cau day vang nhjp Idn dang dupe nghien cdu dau tU xay dUng.
2.13. Cac eau day vang tren mgng dudng giao thong ndng thon
Til nam 1998, IhUe hien chii trUPng eua Bp GTVT xay dung cac eau day vang cd vda phuc vu GTVT dja phUPng, dUdi sU ehu tri cua PGS.TS. Phan Vy Thiiy hang chuc eau day vang phye vu giao thong dja phuong da dUpc nghien cdu thiet ke va xay dung. Do la cae cSy cau Thac Gilng (Ble Kan): 22m -t- 57m + 22m, B = 7m, tru thap, dam bang thep, mat cau BTCT; eau D i e Tuyen (Kon Tum): 30,8m + 68,2m + 30,8m, B = 4m, try thap, dam bang thep, mat cau BTCT; cau Son La (Thanh phd SPn La): 15m + 36m
•^ 15m, B = 7m, try thap, dam b l n g thep, mat eau BTCT; eau Phd Nam (Da Ning): 35,7m -^ 80m + 35,7m. B = 4m, try thap, dam b l n g thep, mat cau BTCT; eau Le Hdng Phong (Phan Thiet): 24m -i- 52m -H24m, B = 6m. Try thap BTCT, dam chii va mat cau BTDUL; cau Nam Thanh (Dien Bien): Day vang mot thap cd sd dd nhjp 30m + 30m, B = 4m, try thap, dam b l n g thep, mat eau BTCT; cau Ben Cde (Ha Npi) Ngdi Lan (Yen Bai), Quang Hien (Thanh Hda)... Cac cay cau day vang tren cac Iryc dUdng giao thdng dja phUdng nay deu ed chilu dai vUdt nhjp Idn hdn ciu dam gian ddn BTDUL, thich hpp vdi giao thdng dja phUPng d nPi can nhjp tUPng ddi Idn de vUdt sdng sudi sau. Ve mat ky thuat, trong eac cau nay cd nhilu cau sd dung loai dau neo dung eho kel cau BTDUL cd che lao them cac bp phan dng ehju IUc va chdng long, tyl nem neo va da ed mdt sd nem neo bj tul do thi cong khdng dung trinh lu, do xe qua tai cue bd va cac hien tupng nay da dupe khIc phye [3].
3. Hi#n trang he thd'ng quan trac ddi vdi cac cau day vang d Viet Nam
Cho den nay, mdi ed 3 eau day vang nhjp Idn dupe lap dat he thdng quan trie phuc vy eho ea giai doan thi cdng va khai thac la Rach Mieu, Can Thd, Tran Thi Ly va eau Nhat Tan. Rieng cau Bai Chay dang dupe nghien eUu l i p dat bd sung he thdng quan trie eho giai doan khai thac. Cae he thdng quan trie nay can dupc nghien cdu danh gia nham khai thac ed hieu qua cac sd lieu quan t r i e dupe va neu can thiet, l i p dat them cac thiet bj do hien dai va cac phan m i m xii li sd lieu quan t r i e cap nhat hdn. Hinh 2, 3va 4 gidi thieu torn t i l he thdng quan t r i e da dupe l i p dat eho cac cau Rach Mieu, Can Thp, Tran
Tap ch: GTVT 1+2/2014
if
Thj L'if. Hinh 5 la he thdng quan trie ciia eau Nhat Tan dang xay dung.
Hinh 2: He thdng quan trie cau Binh, thi edng va khai thac (VSL)
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Hinh 3: He thdng quan trac cau Can Tha (BRIMOS - Nhat)
i_j l^rtable accelerometer '^^ Stay cable Loadeell
Inclinometer 4 Concrete Temperature
— Concrete strain -"• W o d s p e ^ and dm
Hinh 4: Hg thdng quan trie ciu Trin Thi Ly (VSL)
> GNSS girders defofmation )* Main tftdv and pylo:
> Stay caWe vibration !.«..
> Stay caWe and tte-down I
> Pyton and deck slab tiemF___
> Stay cable temperature;
> Pytor> and main girder s t r * i ;
> Ambient temperature »>d humid'ity oring;
«,,! and velocity;
Hinh 5: Hg thdng quan trie ciu Nhat Tan 4. Mgt so hU hdng cue bp va sd co' ky thugt Mac du cae eau day vang d nUde ta dUa vao khai thac ehi mdi tren dudi chuc nam nhUng eung da bat dau xuat hien mot sd hu hdng cue bp va mot vai sU ed ky thuat. Dd la hien tupng be long bj mil d vung sau neo, lai thanh hop va ea d ban mat eau d cau My Thuan, eau Bai Chay. Nghiem trpng hdn la linh trang
gdi cao su cua eau Bai Chay d tren md cau phia Bai Chay bj djch chuyen va bj biln dang nhung van ehUa xac djnh dupe nguyen nhan va cung ehua quan trie dupc lieu eac gdi cau tren eac try neo k l ben cd xay ra linh trang tUPng lu hay khdng. Hoac nhu sU ed dam chii bj bien dang, cap vang bj tray xude do tau bien va cham phai thay the d eau Binh nhu da de cap d tren. Day ehi mdi la nhiJng hien tupng da dUde phat hien bang mat Ihudng. Lieu cdn eac hu hdng cue bp khac hay nhifng nguy cd khac chua dupc phat hien? Vdi mot khdi gia trj tai san hang tram ngan li ddng cCia cae eau day vang ndi rieng va nhdng cay eau quan trpng khac ndi chung, viec kjp thdi phai hien cac nguy eP nay d l cd bien phap ngan chan va khIc phuc kjp thdi cac hu hai d i n den suy giam kha nang khai thac, suy giam tudi thp cua cac edng trinh cau dang la van d l cap thiet.
5. S I / can thiet lap dsit h# thdng quan trie ThUe te dang tdn lai hien nay la he thdng quy trinh bao tri khai thac cac cau day vang d nude ta ehUa dUde hoan chinh, dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac quan li, bao tri, khai thac cau day vang chUa chuyen nghiep. Trong khi dd, he k i t eau phdi hpp chju luc giiJa day vang (he mem) va dam ehu, tru thap (he cdng) kha phdc lap, lai la he sieu ITnh nhilu bac, dng XLf nhay cam vdi cae lac ddng thudng xuyen ciing nhu bat Ihudng. Mat khac, trong tinh loan thiet ke cac kel eau loai nay, khong phai luc nao cac yeu id phi luyen linh, phan bd lai npi lUc, gia tang bat Ihudng cac Ung suat cue bd, dn djnh khi dpng... ciJng dupc xet d i n day dii, chinh xac ma thudng bj gian Udc.
Viee cap nhat Ung xd cua ket ca'u thdng qua cac sd lieu quan trie blng cae he thdng do dae dupe IhUe hien va xii li cap nhat lien tyc, canh bao kjp thdi chi cd dupc nhd he thdng quan trie dupe l i p dat va cac phan mIm xd li lUdng thich.
Theo [2] thi viee t h i l l lap he thdng quan trie cho ca giai doan thi cong va khai thac eho phep phat hien kjp thdi cac hU hai va sai pham trong qua trinh thi cong, nha't la cac thay ddi Ung sua't bat Ihudng, cue bd trong cac bp phan ciia eau eung nhu nhiJng thay ddi npi luc trong eac bp phan khd kiem soal b l n g linh loan ea trong giai doan thi cdng cung nhu trong qua trinh khai thac. Viee thu thap va xii li cac sd lieu quan trie se hd IrP trong viee dUa ra cac quyet djnh nhIm dam bao an loan eho con ngudi va edng trinh trong qua trinh thi edng, danh gia dupe chinh xac trang thai k i t cau va Ung xii eiia cdng trinh trong thdi gian dau khai thac cdng nhU sau nhilu nam khai thac, xac dinh dupe mdc dd xudng cap va kha nang khai thac an loan tiep theo.
Mot he thdng quan trie hoan chinh hien nay cd the tu dpng sang Ipe di! lieu va tU dpng phan lich trang thai k i t eau edng trinh de tim kiem cae sd lieu quan trie bi vUdt ngudng cho phep. Tuy vay, cac kel qua phan lich nay v i n phai dupe cae chuyen gia cd kinh nghiem eung nhU kien thdc ve k i t ca'u edng trinh danh gia va dua ra cac quyet dinh can thiet. Mot van d l lien quan khac la phai lua chpn dUPc chinh xac cae vj tri can l i p dat thiet bi do dae va eac dai lUPng can thiet phai quan trie eung nhU thuat loan (Xem tiep trang 39)
AluAti-^uiy /V>v 2014
s KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
Tap chi GTVT 1+2/2014 I E
trong than dap thay ddi do anh hudng cija nhieu yeu . td se tac dpng rat Idn ve dp dn djnh cua dap, dae biet viee thay ddi mUc nude phia thUdng luu cua dap . anh hudng nhieu den dn djnh phia mai thUdng luu
cua dap.
Vdi mong mudn nang cao tudi thp dap khi dap dat den Ung suat tdi ban, tac gia de xua't cae bien phap gia ed dap sau:
Chdng tham d nen dap bSng phUdng phap , khoan phut de ngan ngUa va giam lUu lUdng tham
qua nen dap.
- Chdng tham d than dap bang each gia ed Idi
• ehdng tham bang dat set luyen.
- Gia cd them cac thiet bj tieu nUde 6 chan dap ha luu de de phdng xdi ngam tham neu co xay ra trong tudng lai.
Kien nghj
Can ed nghien cdu, kiem tra thudng xuyen ve sU thay ddi tinh chat ed ly eCia cae Idp da't trong than dap (vi du nhu khoan lay m i u tai hien trUdng kiem tra djnh ky) de co nhiJng bien phap XLI ty kjp thdi.
Luu y trong van de xa lu eua hd chda nUde, can ed nghien cdu eu the hdn ve thdi gian thay ddi mUe nude trong qua trinh van hanh hd chda nude •
Tai li#u tham khao
[1]. Nguyin Hong Nam (2007), Phan tieh dn dinh theo phuang phap phan td hOu han.
[2]. TrUdng Quang Thanh (2011), Nghien cdu sU thay ddi tinh chat ca ly cua dat dap sau khi ho tich nude theo thdi gian cd anh hudng den sU dn dinh lau dai cUa dap dat mien trung Viet Nam, Luan an tien sT.
[3]. Nguyin Canh Thai (2011), Nghien eUu dn djnh mai de, dap dat khi muc nUdc tren mai rut nhanh, Trudng DH Thuy Idi.
[4]. Rocscienee Inc (2001-2004), Application of the Finite Element Method to Slope Stability, Toronto.
Ngay nhSn bai: 01/12/2013 Ngay chj'p nhSn dang: 02/01/2014 Ngirdi phan biSn: ThS. Pham Xuan Tii'n
ThS. Ha Xuan Dan
HIEN TRANG CAU DAY VANG...
(77e'p theo trang 57) va phan mem hieu qua de phan tieh diJ lieu.
6. Mpt so kien nghj
- Cac ed quan quan li eac cap lien quan can co ke hoaeh va bd tri ngudn kinh phi de tien hanh iSp dat he thdng quan trac cho tat ea cac eau day vang dang khai thac hien nay d nUde ta
- Can lua chpn eong nghe, thiet bj va phan mem XLf li thich hpp vdi dieu kien tu nhien, khi hau va mo hinh quan li khai thac eau d Viet Nam, dam bao cap nhat eac eong nghe thiet bj hien dai va tien tien nha't va ehi phi l i p dat tha'p nha't
Cd ke hoaeh va chUdng trinh dao tao ngudn nhan lUc dap Ung tiep nhan va lam ehu cac eong nghe, thiet bj va phan mem xif li sd lieu eua he thdng quan trJc eau day vang.
- Xay dung va then khai mo hinh td chdc thich hdp cho cdng tac nay •
Tai lieu tham kh^o
[1]. Joachim Scheer. Versagen von Bauwerken, Bant: Brucken. Ernst & Sohn Verlag, Berlin 2000 (HU hai sap dd cdng trinh. Tap: Cdng trinh cau. Nha xuat ban Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2000).
[2]. Prof. Jan Biliszczuk. Quan trac cau d Ba Lan - Kinh nghiem va dinh hUdng. Hdi thao 'Quan trie SHMS cho cdng trinh cau - cae kinh nghiem cOa Ba Lan va Viet Nam' do Tdng cijc DUdng bo Viet Nam phdi hgp vdi HOA PHONG E&C va NeoStrain tdehUe, thang 12 nam 2013.
[3]. PGS. TS. Phan Vy Thuy; May ket qua thUe hien chu trUang eua bo GTVT xay dUng cae eau day vang ed vda phue vu giao thdng van tai dia phUdng. An pham hdi thao khoa hgc 'Phat trien cau day vang va ham tgi Viet Nam. Hdi KHKT Cau DUdng Viet Nam. Ha Ndi, 2004.
[4]. Cac website lien quan.
cannot reach any amicable settlement of any claim con- cerning this contract, the case will be referred to Viet- nam International Arbitration Center at Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Vietnam for final settlement.
The decision taken by this arbitration will be final. All legal fees and expenses occurred from this arbitration (including the lawyer fees) shall be borne by the losing party. The language to be used in arbitral proceedings shall be English. This contract shall be governed, con- strued and applied in accordance with Vietnamese law'.
(Trong trudng hpp ed tranh chap va neu cac ben ky ket hpp ddng khong the dat dupe bat ky giai phap thuong lupng nao eho bat ky khieu nai nao lien quan den hpp ddng nay, vu viec se dupe chuyen den Trung tam Trpng tai Qudc te Viet Nam d l giai quyet. Quyet djnh cua hpi ddng trpng tai nay se la quyet dinh cudi cung. Tat ca cae phi va ehi phi phap ly phat sinh tU viec phan XL( cua trpng tai nay (bao gdm ca thu lao cho luat su) se do ben thua kien tra. Ngon ngU sd dung trong td tung trpng tai la tieng Anh. Hpp ddng nay dupc dieu chinh, giai thich va ap dung phu hop vdi phap luat Viet Nam) •
MOTStfVANDE.
(Tiep theo trang 90) lien quan den hop ddng nay, bao gdm bat ky van de nao lien quan den sU tdn tai, hieu IUc hoac cham ddt hpp ddng, se dupe dua ra va giai quyet cudi cung bang trpng tai tai Singapore theo Quy tac trpng tai cija Trung tam Trpng tai Qude te Singapore ("Quy tac SIAC") cd hieu lUc hien hanh, nhOng quy tSe dd dupc coi la dupe d i n chieu tai khoan nay. Hpi ddng trpng tai se bao gdm ba trpng tai vien, mot ngudi do ngudi ban chi dinh, mot ngudi do ngudi mua ehi dinh va ngudi thd ba dupe hai trpng tai neu tren bau chpn, ngon ngU xet XL( ciJa trpng tai se la tieng Anh).
5. Giai han thdi gian thUdng lUdng trong dieu kho^n ve giil quyet tranh chap
Nen gidi han mot sd ngay nha't dinh d l tranh bi lam dung keo dai thdi gian. Dieu khoan dudi day neu trong mdt hpp ddng nen dupe bd sung gidi ban thdi gian thUOng lupng.
"In case of disputes and if the contracting parties
X.uAtx ^Ctt-yt y\^: 2014
