TAI CHINH-NHAN HANG-BAD HIEM
MO HINH CAU TRUC TRA CONG LAO DONG TRONG CAC NGAN HANG
T H U O N G M A I VIET NAM
• PHAM TH! THANH HA
TOM TAT:
Tra cong lao dpng trong td chffc noi chung va ngdn bang thtfdng mai ndi rieng la mpt hoat dpng cua quan tri nhan Itfc, phan anb cdc gia tri vat chd't va gid tri phi vat eha't ma ngtfdi lao ddng (NLD) nhan dtfdc (tai chinh va phi tai chinh) trong qua trinh lao dpng eua minh. Tra cong lao d6ng CO y nghia rat Idn trong viec giup cho cdc ngan bang thtfdng mai dat dtfdc hieu sua't eao cQng nhtf tac d6ng mdt each tich ctfc tdi trdch nhiSm, dao dtfc Iam viec ciia NLD. Tra cdng lao dpng la eong cu bffu hidu nham tbu but va giff chan NLD eo nang Itfe cung nhtf tao dong Itfc de hp nang cao nang sud't lao d6ng, bi6u qua cong viec, tao ldi the canh tranh cho cac ngan hdng thtfdng mai. Trong pham vi bai vidt, tdc gid de cap dd'n cd'u triie tra cong lao dpng theo cac m6 hinh khdc nhau dtfa tren cae nghien ctfu eua cac nba khoa hpc va ttf do xdc dinh ca'u tnie tra cdng lao dong cho cdc ngan hang thtfdng mai Vidt Nam.
Tiif khoa: Trd cdng lao d6ng, cd'u true trd edng lao dong, cd ca'u thii lao lao dpng, ngdn bdng thtfdng mai.
1. Dat vS'n dd
Tra eong lao ddng la thuat ngtf chi hoat dpng tra edc khoan thii lao cho NLD. Thii lao lao dfing la tat cd cde gia tri ma NLD nhan dtfdc tff viec trd cdng lao dpng ciia td chtfc. Quan diem vd khai niem ve tra cdng lao dpng dtfdc nghien ctfu va kd thiJa tff ra't nhieu eae cong tnnh ciia cac nba khoa hpe ttf the ky XIX den nay. Day luon dtfdc coi la vd'n dd quan trpng, cd tinh thdi stf vi no Hen quan Enfc tid'p den tbu nhap, ddi song cua NLD vd hieu qua boat dpng cua td chtfc,
Ngdn hang thtfdng mai id td chtfc kinh doanh tien td. Ve mat nguydn ly, boat dpng quan tri nhan sir trong ngan hang thtfdng mai (NHTM) cung gidng nhtf trong edc td chffc, doanh nghiep. Do do, nhtfng nghien cffu ly luan vd trd cdng lao dong trong td chffc, doanh nghiep eung dtfde vdn dung trong cac ngdn hdng thtfdng mai.
Ca'u true tra eong lao dpng bay chinh id ed cdu
thu lao lao dpng. Cdu triic tra cong lao dpng trong ngan hang thffdng mai bao gdm ta't cd cdc gia tri ma NLD nhdn dtfdc ttf md'i quan he cong vide.
Theo cde nghien ctfu ve khdi nidm thii lao lao ddng tbi ca'u true eiia trd edng lao ddng c6 the dtfdc chia thdnh 3 nhom nhtf sau: Ca'u triic ffa edng lao ddng tbeo md hinh hep; Cd'u true tra cdng lao dpng theo md binh trung binb; vd Ca'u true trd cdng lao ddng tbeo md hinh rdng,
2. Phtfdng phap nghidn cu'u
Trong bai vie't nay tac gia chu ye'u sff dung phtfdng phap nghien ctfu dinh tinb vdi vide ke't hdp sff dung cac phffdng phdp luan nhff duy vat bien chffng, duy vat lieh sff, ddng thdi ke' thffa cac kd't qua nghien cffu eo lien quan de'n bai vie't (edc bai bdo, tap ebi, hdi thao khoa hoe vd tra cdng lao ddng).
Ve phffdng phap thu thap dtf lieu, trong bai vie't, tdc gid tbu thap dtf heu thtf ea'p ttf sach, bdo, tap
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TAP CHi CONG THlTdNG
Bong 1. Mo hinh cdu trOc tra cong loo dpng STT
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Mo hlnh Hep
Trung binh
Rpng
Cd cau cua thCi lao lao ddng Thil lao lao ddng gdm tien lUdng va phuc Ipi.
Thil lao lao lao ddng gom cac gia trj tai chinh (thii iao tai chinh) va cac gia trj phi tai chinh (thii lao phi tai chinh) - cai ma to chdc cung cap cho ngudi lao ddng.
Thil lao lao dpng gdm tat ca cac gia tn ngu'di lao ddng nhan duoc til moi quan he lao ddng.
Ngudn: Tdc gid long hap
ebi, cdc bai nghidn cffu vd cde website eo lidn quan.
Ve phffdng phap xff ly dff lieu, tff nhffng dtf lieu da thu thdp dtfde, tae gia sff dung phtfdng phap tdng bdp vd phan tich dtf lieu phuc vu cho bai viet.
3. Ket qua nghien ctfu
Trong nghien cffu ndy, thudt ngff eau triie tra cdng lao dong tac gid sff dung nhdm phdn anb cdc gid tri ma NHTM tra cho NLD bay chinh la cac tbanb phan trong ed ca'u thti lao lao ddng ma NLD nhan dffdc tff NHTM. Md hinh cd'u tnie tra cdng lao ddng dffdc md ta trong Bang 1.
3.1. Cd'u true trd cdng lao ddng theo md hinh hep
Theo cae quan diem ve tbu lao lao ddng chi bao gdm tien Iffdng va phiic ldi thi ca'u triic tra cdng lao ddng gdm 4 thdnh pbIn chinh: Tidn Iffdng cd bdn, Tien lu'dng lam them, Phuc ldi, va wealth accumulation (Fischer et al, 2003), Trffdc do, Dolmat-Connellss (1999) cung dtfa ra ca'u tnie gdm 3 tbanb phan: Ltfdng ed ban, Ltfdng bien doi, va Quan tri stf ghi nhdn (recognition management).
Tbeo tiep can nay tbi thdnh phan trong cd'u true trd cdng lao ddng chi bao gdm eae gia tri tai ehinh ma eu the la tien Itfdng va phiic Idi.
3.2. Cd'u true trd cdng lao dgng theo mo hinh trung binh
Quan diem ciia Mukherjee (2002) tbi ca'u true tra cdng lao ddng gdm cd: cae khoan pbai tra theo hdp ddng gdm cd tien Itfdng ed ban, bao hiem stfc khoe, trd cd'p (di lai, nha d, tang ca, du Hch) ,ltfdng him, va cdc khddn khong ghi trong hdp ddng lao dpng gdm CO an toan trong cdng viec, uy tin (thanh
the'), dac quydn (stf tfu dai, cd hdi), chuyd'n du Hch ntfdc ngoai, bpc tap (ddo tao) - bdi dtfdng, danh tieng va cd cdng viec sau khi nghi htfu.
Mercc (2007) md ta ca'u true trd cdng lao dpng bao gdm tien Itfdng (Itfdng cd ban, trd ca'p, eac khoan khich le (khuye'n khich) ngan ban va ddi ban, stf edng nhan), cae khoan pbiic ldi (khdm sffc khde, dam bdo cudc sd'ng - bdo hidm nhan thp, Itfdng htfu, cdc dich vu cud'i ciing (mai tdng), bdi thtfdng) va stf nghiep (dao tao va phdt trien, si/
dieh ehuyen nghe phu, md rdng cdng viec, va cd hpi thang tie'n).
Perkins vd White (2009) ebi ra thanh phan cua cd'u true tra cdng lao ddng gdm co: Stf thoa man ngtfdi lao ddng (rewarding) (eae khoan Itfdng bang tien, sff ghi nhan dac bidt (ridng biet) va sff can bang trong dai ban); Cac khodn phiic ldi (sffc khde, trd cap, bao dam (an toan),,..) va hpc tap (ddo tao va phat tridn, phat tridn stf nghidp va thang tie'n).
Armstrong vd Brown (2001) dtfa ra md hinb ca'u true tra cdng lao ddng gdm 2 thdnh phan cbinh la:
Cdc khoan dtfde tra dtfdi dang tai chinh va cac mdi quan he (cdc khoan phi tai chfnh). Theo dd, cdc khoan dtfde tra dtfdi dang tai chinh Id stf thda thuan cua ngtfdi sff dung lao ddng va ngtfdi Iao dpng nhtf Itfdng cd ban, Itfdng bie'n ddi, phiic Idi;
cdn ede khoan phi tai ehinh gdm co stf ghi nhdn, ed bdi phat trien ky ndng, ed hdi nghe nghiep, mdi trtfdng lam viec).
Md hinh cua Trdn Kim Dung (2015) dtfa ra ea'u true tra edng lao ddng bao gdm tbu lao vdt chat (Ltfdng cd ban, phu ea'p, thtfdng, phiic ldi) va Thu lao phi vat chd't (Cd hdi thang tie'n, cdng viee thii
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TAI CHiNH-NGAN HANG-BAO HIEM
vi, dieu kien lam viee).
Vay, tbeo cdc quan diem tren, md hinh tra edng lao dpng liic nay da dtfdc tinh de'n cae dang thu lao phi tai chinh nhtf cd hdi thang tie'n, hpe tap, phdt trien, didu kien ldm viec, mdi trtfdng Iam viec - nhiing cai ma td chffc cung ca'p cho NLD thdng qua cong viee ma hp dam nhan.
3.3. Cd'u true trd cdng lao dgng theo md hinh
IQIlg
Theo md binh rdng, cd'u tnie tra cdng lao dpng diTpc cde nha nghien cffu chi ra se khdng ebi ed nhiJng gid tri tai chinh va phi tai cbinh ma td chffc cung cap eho ngtfdi Iao dpng ma eon bao gdm nhffng gia tri vd hinh khdc nffa ea trong bien tai va tffdng Iai NLD se nhan dffdc trong md'i quan hd Iao dpng.
Md hinh ciia Zingheim vd Schuster (2000) ehi ra cdc thanh phan ciia tbu lao lao ddng gdm: Tffdng lai hap ddn (tam nhin va gid tri, sff phat trien va thanh cdng ciia cong ty, hinb anb va danh tie'ng cua cdng ty, ed ddng, ddi ben eung cd ldi), Sff phdt tri^n ed nhdn (dau tff vao con ngffdi, phat tnen va dao tao, quan tri thanh tieh, thang tie'n sff nghiep), Ndi lam viee tieh cffc (tap trung vdo con ngffdi, kha nang lanh dao, ddng nghiep, ban than cong viec, stf tham gia, niem tin va cam ke't, giao tiep c6i met), va Td't ca cac khoan dtfdc trd (tien Iffdng cdban, Itfdng bidn doi, phuc ldi, stf cdng nhdn vd chiing nhdn).
Md hinh ciia Hay Group (2005) ehi ra 5 thdnh phan do la: Cam hffng va gia tri (kha nang lanh dao, gia tri va banh vi to chtfc, uy tin ciia td chtfc, chia se rui ro, stf ghi nhan - gidi thtfcing va truyen thdng), Cd bdi va stf pbat tnen ttfdng lai (hoe tap va phat trien vtfdt ra ngodi edng viee hien tai, thang tie'n nghe nghiep, cai tie'n bieu sud't va phan hdi - feedback), Cba't ltfdng cdng viec (gid tri ciia cong viee, thff thach/thu vi, thanh tich, stf dioai mai va td ehii, khd'i Itfdng cdng viec vd eha't Itfdng md'i quan he edng viee), Mdi trtfdng enabling (mdi tntdng vdt ly, cdng cu va thie't hi, dao tao edng viee, thdng tin va quy trinb va stf bao mdt ca nhan), Stfcan bang edng viee - cupe sdng (mdi trtfdng hd trd: stf cdng nhdn, chap nhan ehu ki sd'ng eua eon ngifdi, bao dam tbu nhap va mdi trtfdng xa hdi).
Md hinh cua WorldatWork (2007) cung dtfa ra cac thanh phan ehinh trong ca'u triic tra cdng lao ddng la: Tien Itfdng (Tien Itfdng ed dinh, Tien litdng bien ddi, vd eac khoan khuyen khich ngan han va dai ban); Phuc Idi (ngoai cac chtfdng trinb
phuc ldi truyen thdng nhtf bao hiem xa hdi, bao hiem y te, vd bao hiem nha khoa tbi con cd ede chtfdng trinb phuc ldi khdc nhtf bdo hiem trdm cdp danh tinh); Can bdng edng vide - cudc sd'ng (Mpt sd chtfdng trinh giiip cho ngtfdi lao ddng thtfc bien cdng viee bieu qud nhtf lieh lam viee hnh boat, lam viec tff xa, hoac cae chtfdng tnnh cham sdc tre em);
Thanh tieh va stf edng nhan (tra cho nhffng thanh ttfu, banh vi va stf tbanb cdng eiia ngtfcfi lao ddng);
Cd hdi phdt trien va ed hpi nghd nghidp (Hd ird hoc phi, phdt trien chuyen nghiep, nghi phep, cd bdi huan luyen va cd'va'n, ke boach thanh cdng va hpc nghe).
Ca'u true trd cdng lao ddng dtfdc Towers Perrin (2007) xdy dtfng da cbi ra eae thdnh phan ed ban do la: Cae khoan tra (Ltfdng ed ban, Itfdng bien ddi, tien tra them - thtfdng, khuye'n khich dai han, ebia se ldi nhudn, cde chtfdng trinh ebia se bang tien); Phuc ldi (Cdc khodn trd ca'p, Cae ngdy nghi, Cham soc stfc khoe, cac ddc quyen khdc); Hoe tdp va phdt trien (Dao tao, Hpc bdi tff cdng viee - hpe nghe, quan tri thanh tich, phdt trien sff nghidp, ke' hoach thanh cdng); Mdi trffdng lam vide (van hda tdchffc, lanh dao, giao tie'p, sff tham gia, can bang cdng vide-cupe sdng, sffcdng nhdn-phi tai ehinh) (Phu luc 1).
Armstrong (2014) ciing dffa ra ca'u tnie tra cdng lao ddng gdm eo thti Iao tai cbinh va tbCi lao phi tai ehinh. Trong do, thti lao tai cbinh nhff: Itfdng cd ban, Itfdng bie'n ddi va phiic ldi; thti lao phi tai chinh gdm thii lao phi tai ebinb ben trong (ca nhan, tap the) vd thii lao phi tai chinh ben ngodi (cd nban, tap the).
Tff cac nghien cffu tren, cd'u tnie tra edng lao dpng trong NHTM dffdc ebia thanh 2 nhdm chinh:
Thii Iao tai chinh va tbu iao phi tai chinh. Cde thdnh phan chinh eiia bai dang thii lao nay dffde md td trong Hinh 1.
3.3. L Thil lao tdi chinh
Thil Iao tai chinh ludn la md'i quan tdm hang dau eiia NLD. Do do, trong cd cd'u trd cdng lao ddng day Id nhdm thti lao dffde cae nha quan tri ehii trong. Ddy cung chinh la khoan chi phi dau vdo ciia hoat ddng kinb doanh vd cung la cdng cu hieu qua nhd't nhdm thu hiit, giff chan va tao dong lffc cho ngtfdi Iao ddng (ONeal, 1998; Schuster, 2008; Zingheim, 2009).
Thil Iao tai chinh gdm cac gid tri bang tien va cac gid tri cd the quy ra tien ma to chtfc tra cho
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Hinh 1: Thdnh phdn chinh cua cdu true tra cong lao dgng trong NHTM
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Cau tnie tra cong lao dong
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Thil lao tai chinh
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tai chinh Thu lao/ y
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Lucmg ca ban
Luong bien doi
Phiic Igi Thil lao phi tai chinh ca
nhan ben ngoai Thil lao phi tai chinh ca
nhan ben trong Thil lao phi tai chinh
tap the ben ngoai Thil lao phi tai chinh
tap the ben trong Ngudn- Tdc gid nghien cdu vd tong hap
NLD. Cd cd'u ciia tbu lao tai ehinh dtfdc ehi ra do la: Ltfdng cd ban, Ltfdng bie'n ddi vd Phuc ldi (Thompson, 2002; Thomas B. Wilson, 2003;
Manus & Graham, 2003; Zhou Jiang, Qian Xiao
& Henan Qi, 2009; Hamson va Liska, 2010; Arm- strong, 2014; WoridatWork, 2015; Tran Kim Dung, 2015).
Mdi ye'u to' co cdch tinh rieng va cd y nghia kbde nhau dd'i vdi to ebffc. Nghien cffu khao sat ciia CIPD (2011), chi ra Iffdng cd ban la ye'u td' thu but ngffdi lao ddng tdi vdi to chffc, phiic ldi la ye'u td' giff ehdn ngtfcfi lao dpng gdn bd vdi id chffe, con Itfdng bie'n ddi giup tao dpng Itfc cho ngtfdi lao ddng trong cdng viec.
a) Luong ca bdn
Ltfdng cdban la thuat ngff phan anh sd'tien ma NLD nhan dtfdc do thtfc hien cac nhiem vu cdng
vide eu the. Theo Armstrong (2014), Itfdng cd ban la mtfc gid cho edng viec. Mtfe gid nay cd the co djnh nhdm tbu hiit NLD ddn cac vi tri cdng viec khde nhau. Ngtfdi Iao dpng dam nhidm edc vi tri edng vide ndo se dtfde nhdn tidn Itfdng tbeo vi tri cdng viec do (Itfdng theo vi tri). Ltfdng cd ban cung ed the dtfde gpi dtfdi cai ten la mtfc gia cho thfli gian vdi tidn Itfdng tbeo bang cha'm cdng hoac nbtfng ngtfcfi lao ddng gian ddn Iam cae cdng viec theo gid va dtfdc nhan tien Iffdng theo tudn, Eheo thdng hoae theo ndm (Iffdng tbdi gian). Tuy nhidn, Iffdng ed bdn cung co liic dffdc tra bid'n ddi theo ca nhan ngffdi lao ddng (person-based pay) hoac theo thdi gian thffe hidn cdng viec (service-related pay).
Theo Tran Kim Dung (2015), Itfdng cd ban difdc tinh theo thdi gian hay cdn gpi la tien Itfdng thcli gian (theo gid, theo ngay, theo thang, theo nam)
TAI CHJNH-NGAN HANG-BAO HIEM
hoac dtfdc tinb theo ddn gia san pham khdng bao gdm cac khoan dtfdc tra them nhtf Itfdng ngoai gid, lifdng khuye'n khich,... Ltfdng cd ban thffdng dtfdc ghi trong hdp ddng lao dpng va dtfde xdc dmh dtfa tren cd scf mtfe phtfc tap cua cong vide, dieu kien lam viec, trinb dp nang Itfc cua NLD va gia thi tnfSng.
b) Luang bie'n ddi
LiCdng bien ddi la so' tien ma to chtfc tra eho NLD dtfa trdn kdt qua thtfc bien edng viec va thanh tich dat dtfde. Cdc td chtfc da chuyen sang tra Iffdng bien doi dd tra cho sff ddng gdp khae nhau, tdc dong den ldi nhuan vd tang hieu sua't dffa tren tien de rang nhffng gi dffde do lffdng vd tra Iffdng eo the difdc chffng minb vdi so' Iffdng Idn hdn bdi NLD (ONeal, 2005, Greene, 2007; Aquila, 2007;
Zingheim and Schuster, 2008).
Theo Zingheim and Schuster (2008), Iffdng bie'n ddi la edng cu kheo leo cho phep ngffdi sff dung Iao dpng tra Iffdng cho ngffdi Iao dpng tbeo ke't qua va nhSng dong gdp eua bp dd'i vdi mue ndu kinb doanh cua td chffe. Trong ngan ban, Iffdng bie'n ddi Id cdng cu cd tinh quyet dinh trong chien Itfdc tra edng lao dong cua ba't ki td chtfc nad, no giup cho td ebtfe duy tn tinh canh tranh va kiem soat dtfdc chi phi (Handshear & ONeal, 1993; Bucbenroth, 2006).
Tuy nhidn, Itfdng bie'n ddi khdng gid'ng nhau d tat ea cae td chtfc vd cd'u true eung nhff phtfdng phap ba Iddng bie'n ddi pbu thudc chu yeu vao van hoa td chtfc, quan hd eiia nd vdi eac thanh phan khdc trong cd'u true tra cong lao ddng (Khdo sdt cua Hay Group, 2010). Ltfdng bien ddi thtfdng gdm cac dang nhff: Lffdng tbeo thanh tieh ea nhdn (In- dividual performance-related pay) - Tdng Iffdng ed ban hoac tidn thtfdng va dtfdc xae dinh bdi danh gia flidnh tieh vd mtfc gid; Lffdng theo nang lffc (Competence-related pay) - dtfdc xac dinh dtfa ben trinh dp nang Itfc ca nhdn dat dtfdc; Ltfdng theo ddng gdp (Contribution-related pay) - lien quan den dau ra va dau vao; Ltfdng dtfa tren ky nang (Skill-based pay) - mtfc do ky nang dat dtfdc eiia mdt ca nhan quye't dinh mtfe Itfdng dtfde trd thed ky nang; Ltfdng tbeo stf phuc vu (Service-related pay) - dUde tra dtfa tren sff phue vu cua NLD trong eong viee. Ltfdng bien ddi eung dtfdc phan loai tbeo each khdc dd la bao gdm: Lffdng bie'n ddi ngan ban - ltfdng theo thanh tieh dtfdc tra thffdng theo giai doan 1 nam hoae nho hdn va Ltfdng bie'n ddi dai han, dtfdc tinh tbeo giai doan bdn 1 nam (Zingheim
& Schuster, 2000; Jantz, 2005; Aquila, 2007;
Zingheim et al, 2009; Greene, 2009).
Ngodi ra, Itfdng bie'n ddi cdn cd ede dang khde nhtf: Lffdng tbeo thanh tich ciia nhdm (Team per- fomance pay) - Iffdng trd cho ca nhan dffa tren ddnh gid thanh tich ciia nhdm va nham muc dich khuye'n khich hdp tdc Iam vide; Lffdng thed ket qua eiia td ehffc (Organisational performance pay) - ngffdi Iao ddng dffde trd Iffdng bien ddi dtfa trdn nhffng ke't qua, thanh tich ma td chtfc dat dffdc vtfdt mtfe kd hoach hoac cao nha't va thtfdng dtfdc trd dtfdi dang chia s6 ldi nhudn va cd phan. Trong dd, chia se ldi nhuan dtfa trdn ke't qua cdng vide cua NLD va Idi nhuan eua td chtfc, cdn chia cd phan cho phep ta't ea NLD cung tham gia chia se nhffng nii ro va thdnh cdng ciia to chffc (Singh, 2002;
Heneman, 2007; Hay Group, 2009, CIPD, 2010).
t) Phiic loi
Pbiic Idi lao ddng bao gdm ede thda thuan dffde thffc hien bdi chii lao ddng eho ngffdi lao ddng nhdm ndng eao sffe khoe vd hanh phiie eua NLD.
Cac goi phuc Idi cho NLD dtfdc tieh hdp trong gdi tra cdng dtfdi dang tai chinh. McMullen et al (2009) da nba'n manh rdng: Phiic ldi lao ddng, dae biet Id sff cham soc stfc khoe dtfde coi la mdt ye'u to' cd ban va quan trong trong viec thu hiit hoac giff chan ngffdi tai ciing nhff mang Iai nhffng phuc ldi cho NLD. Zingheim et al (2009) cung khang dinh:
Phiic ldi Id thanh phan kbdng the thie'u trong cdc gdi thil lao Iao ddng vd no nhff la khoan dau tu' cho vdn nban Iffe.
Cdc chffdng trinb phiie ldi rd't phong phu, da dang. Cde ehffdng trinh phiie Idi truydn thd'ng cd the ke den nhff: Bao hiem xa hpi, bdo hiem y te, bdo hiem ky ngbi, trd ca'p Iffdng bffu tri, bao biem nban tho, phie'u giam gid mua hang, ed sd cham sdc tre em, va stf phuc vu. Ngoai ra, ngay nay cdn cde ehffdng trinh phiic ldi mdi nhff bao hiem trdm cap danh tinh (Milkovich, 2000; Jantz, 2005; Wil- son, 2006; Greene, 2007; McMullen et al, 2009, Zingheim etal, 2009).
Phuc Idi la thuat ngff dung dd cbi cae dang nhff trd ca'p, tra eho cde trffdng bdp rui ro, cde gdi bao hiem, d td dffa ddn ciia td chffc va mot so' ddc quyen gdm cdc khoan thu lao bd sung dtfdc tra dffdi nbieu dang khdc nhau bang tien hoac cung cd the cung cd'p cho NLD nhffng dang thu lao kbdng bang tien mat nhtf cde chuydn du Hch, nghi ngdi hang nam (Armstrong, 2014),
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IAP CHi CONG IHKlfNIi
Bang 2. Cac thdnh phan chu yeu cua thu lao phi tai chinh tiong NHTK/I ThiJ lao phi tai chinh
Thu lao phi tai difnh ca nhan (ben trong. ben ngoai)
• Su cdng nhan, khen ngdi - Co hdi hpc tap va phat then - Co hdi thang tien
TTJU lao phi tai dilnh t$p thi (ben trong. bdn ngoai)
' Can bang cdng viec-cudc sd'ng - Chat lupng cua mdi trudng lam viec - Gia tn cot ldi cua td chiJc - Danh tieng ciia to chiic
- Kha nang lanh dao (Phong each lanh dao) - Quan he dong nghiep
- Chat iupng cdng viec
Ngudn: Tdc gid long hdp
Dac biet, vdi nbtfng gdi phue ldi linh boat cd tfnh todn dd'n nhu eau va mong mud'n ca nban, dtfa ra de NLD Itfa chpn, se tao ra ed bdi tham gia Idn nha't va tao dpng Itfc cho NLD (Segal, 2002;
Richards, 2006; Cotton et al, 2008; CIPD, 2010, Armstrong, 2014).
3.3.2. Thd lao phi tdi chinh
Thil lao phi ldi chinh la mdt khdi niem khdng mdi nhtfng dtfdc gpi vdi nhieu ten khdc nhau nhtf thii lao vd hinb (intangible), tbu lao quan hd (rela- tional) bay thil lao phi tidn te (non-monetary) va day la khoan thii lao khdng lien quan den ba't cff khodn phdl tra bang tien ciia td ebffc ma nd thffdng xua't bien tff ebinb ban than edng viec (Armstrong, 2014). Trong thffc te', ngffdi ehu doanh nghidp thffdng it khi chu trong ddn dang thii Iao nay, vi no khdng ndm trong ehi phi dau vao va khd xac dmh.
Tuy nhien, ngay nay cdng vdi sff phdt trien ciia khoa hpc - ky thuat va hpi nhap, NLD ngoai viec quan tam de'n cac khodn tdi chinh td ebffc cung cap tbi cac gia trj phi tai chinh hp nhdn dffdc tff md'i quan he Iao dpng dang ngay cdng trd tbanb md'i quan tdm trong sff Itfa chpn ciia hp. Do dd, thd lao phi tai cbinh ngdy cang trd nen quan trpng trong ba't ky td chtfc nao.
McMullen et al (2009) dd nhan dinb, thii Iao phi tai cbinh ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec giup cho to chtfc ndi bat nhtf la mpt nba tuyen dung bang dau, ddng thdi ciing lam tdngstf gdn ket eiia cac nhdn vien. Thii Iao phi tai chinh con la phtfdng tidn giup cai thien bieu sua't cua cdc chtfdng trinh thii lao (Scott et al, 2007). Nhffng nban dinb tren cung da dtfdc Hay Group (2009) ket luan thdng qua
nghien ctfu thtfc nghiem ciia minb rang: Thii lao phi tai cbinh cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec gan ke't ngtfcfi lao ddng va cai thidn hidu sua't eua hp, Nghien cffu cua CIPD (2011) nba'n manh: Ngffdi lao ddng rat chu trpng ddn tbu lao phi tai ehinh khi quye't dinh Itfa chpn cdng viec, ciing nhtf mffc dO cam ket thtfc hien cdc thii lao dd ciia td chtfc ddi vdi edng vide eiia hp.
Cdc dang thu Iao phi tai ebinb rat da dang va gan vdi stf cong nban, thanh cdng, quydn ttf ehu. Id ndi phdt buy dtfde nang Itfc va phat tridn ky ndng, cd bdi dao tao vd phdt tridn stf nghiep. Tbu lao phi tai cbinh ed the dtfdc chia thanh thii lao phi tai chinh ben ngodi nhtf stf kben ngdi hoae cdng nhan va thil lao phi tai cbinh ben trong, pbat sinh tiJf cbinh edng vide gdn lien vdi thdch thtfc vd thich thu vdi cdng viec va cam tha'y rdng cdng vide dd dang gid (Armstrong, 2014).
Tff eac nghien cffu ffen tbi thil lao phi tai chinh c6 the dffdc chia tbanb bai nhom ehinh va nhffng thdnh phan eiia tffng nhdm dffdc tnnh bay trong Bang 2.
4. Kd't luSn
Ca'u true tra edng lao ddng theo md hinh hep, trung binh bay rpng se ed cac thanh phan trong cd ca'u thii lao lao ddng khac nhau. Cac ngan hang thffdng mai se tuy thudc vao quan didm, ehidn itfdc ve tra cong lao dpng de lffa chpn cd'u true tra cdng lao ddng sao eho phii hdp va hidu qua. Trong bd'i canh hdi nhap, cde ngan hang thffdng mai deu cd xu htfdng xdc dinh cd ca'u trd cdng lao ddng gdm cd thd lao tdi chinh va thii lao phi tai cbinh de thu hiit va gitf chan ngtfdi tao ddng. Dae bidt, thii lao phi tai chinh ngay cang dtfde quan tam va chii trpng.
230 So 4-Thang 3/2020
TAI CHlNH-NtAN HANG-IAO HIEM
TAI L l | U THAM KHAO:
1. Trdn Kim Dung (2015), Qudn tri nguon nhdn luc, NXB Kinh te'TP. Ho Chi Mmh
2. Pham Thi Thanh Ha, NgiiySn Thi Minh Nhan {201S), Tong quan ly thuyet ve tra cong lao dong va cjuSn tri trd cong lao dong: Quail diem quoc teva tai Viet Nam, Tap chi Cong Thuong, So 2 - thiing 2/2018, trang 112 -118.
3. Pham Thi Thanh Ha (2019), MS hinh nghien cUu tra cong lao dong tai ngdn hang thuang mai Viet Nam, Tap chi Cong Thuang. So 2 - thang 1/2019, trang 357 - 364.
4. Michael Armstrong (2014), Reward Managemenl, 5th Edition, Kogan Page, London.
5. Klialid Said Al-Jarradi (2011), An investigation into the ejfectiveness of the reward system in the Government Sector in the Sultanate of Oman and the Potential for Introducing a Total Reward Strategy, A thesis submitted to Tile University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Resources Management in Ihe Faculty of Humanities.
Ngay nh$n bai: 1/2/2020
Ngay ptian bi^n danli gia va su'a chi^a: 11/2/2020 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 2172/2020
Thong tin tac gia:
NCS. PHAM THJ THANH HA Trtfcfng Dai hoc ThiAftig mat
THE STRUCTURE OF LABOR REMUNERATION AT VIETNAM'S COMMERCIAL BANKS
• Ph.D's student PHAM THI THANH HA Thuongmai Universit/
ABSTRACT:
For organizations in general and for commercial banks in particular, labour remuneration is a matter of human resource management, reflecting the material and non-material values that workers receive (financial and non-financial) for their effort. Wages play a key role m helping commercial banks achieve high performance. In addition, wages posmvely impact on the responsibility and the work ethic of every employee. Remuneration is an effective tool to attract and retain competent employees as well as motivate them to improve then- labor productivity in order to create competitive advantages for commercial banks. This study presents the .stmcture of labor remuneration accordmg to different models based on previous reseaiehes. thereby determining the strucmre of labor remuneration for Vietnam s commercial banks. • ^L . ^ *
Keywords: Labor remuneration, the structure of labor remuneration, the strucmre of wages, commercial bank.
S d 4 - T h d n g 3/2020 231
