TAP Cii CONG THUONG
CAC YEU TO ANH HlJOfNG DEN KHA NANG TIEP CAN TIN DUNG CUA NONG HO TREN DIA BAN TINH DAK NONG
• NGUYEN VAN DAT - CAO TH! MY DUNG
TOM TAT:
Trong dieu kien thu nhap cua nong hp hien tai con Iha'p nen khong dti tich luy de tai dau id Ihi ngu6n vo'n tin dung chinh thu'c dong vai tro het siJc quan irpng doi vdi qua trinh sdn xua't ciia nong hp. PhiTtfng phap nghien ciJu siVdung la phu'dng phap h6n hpp (ke't hdp dinh linh va djnh lifdng). Mo hinh ly thuyet dUpc kiem dinh thong qua phan tich dp tin cay Cronbach's Alpha va phan tich nhan to' EFA va phan tich hoi qu\ luye'n tinh bpi. Ke't qua nghien ciJu da xdc djnh du'de 8 ye'u to anh hu'dng de'n kha nang tie'p can tin dung chinh thu'c cua nong hfi tren dia biln tinh Dak Nong. trong do ye'u to' tiii san sd hiJu dung liim the chap cd tac dpng manh nha't den kha nang tie'p can tin dung cua ndng hd d dav
Tiif khoa: Tinh Ddk Nong. khd nang tiep can tin dung, nong ho.
1. Dat va'n dc
Da'k Nong la tinh ndm d phia Ta>' Nam cua VLing Tdv Nguyen, doan cud'i cua day Trifdng Sdn. trong khu vifc iam gidc phal trien Viet NLIHI - Ldo - Campuehia. Vdi dan so' khodng iren (i36.000 ngu'di. cd ca'u dan tgc da dang, chu \eu la ddn loc kinh, M'Ndng. Tdy. Thai, E De. Niing.
dan lpc Kinh chiem ly le khoang 65.5%. M Xdng chiem 9.1^/c. cac dan tpc khac chiem i> le nho.
Trung ldm t?nh ly cua Ddk Ndng ta thanh pho'Gia Nghia. Dien lich liJ nhien cd 650.927 ha. chu \e'u Id da't sdn .\ua'l ndng nghiep. Chinh \1 \dy. nong nghiep Ddk Ndng da cd nhiing ddng gdp nha't dinh \'ao viec thay dd'i dicn mao kinh te loan tinh.
San xua'l trong ndng nghiep da chu\en tif ti; cung tu" cap sang sdn xudi hang hda. Tuy nhien. ndng nohiep Ddk Ndng xdn chifa phdi trien tu'dng xiJng
\di nhcrns tiem nang. lo'c do tang tru'dng kinh le
noi linh (GRDP) giai doan 2016-2018 i 10.3%/nam. De'n nam 2018, thu nhap binh qu dau ngifdi cua tinh dat .3.39 tn dong/ngu'di/thdng, cP cd'u kinh te khu vi/c nc nghiep chie'm 42.61Vr
Cd nhieu nguyen nhan dan de'n linh trang nhdp thd'p cua cac ho ndng ddn, nhif: Irinh dp c iri Ihd'p, thie'u vd'n san xud't, hieu qua dau tu'c!
cao,... Song, mpl nguyen nhan lu'dng dd'i qi trpng dd la ngifdi nong dan khong thanh cc Irong viec tie'p can va SIS' dung cd hieu qua i ngudn tin dung de md rpng san xud't, ndng s mdc do canh tranh cua sdn pham ndng nghiep cac dia phifdng khac.
Do vdy. nghien cu'u nay sc ddnh gia thifc tr;
cdc yeu Id' dnh hifdng de'n khd nang iiep can dung chinh IhiJc va cac rdo can han che'ndng tiep can nguon tin dung. TiJ* di). iim ra cdc j
310 So 9 - Thang 5/2020
TAI CIllNI' NGAN HANG • BAO HIEM
phapde nang cao kha ndng tiep can tin dung ciia cJc ho ndng dan tren dia ban tinh Ddk Nong.
nhSm giai quye't vd'n de ihdc liin dang difdc ddt rad ddy.
2. Cd sd ly thuye't cua vS'n d^ nghien ciiu 2.1. Cdc khdi ni$m cdbdn
Hp nong dan la ho cd phu'dng lien kie'm sd'ng lif rupng dd't, .su" dung chu ye'u siJc lao ddng cila gia dinh de san xud'l, hp luon nam trong mpt he ihfi'ng kmh terpng ldn, nhifng ve cdban difdc ddc infng bdi sif tham gia mdt phan trong thi tru'dng vdi md'c dd hodn chinh khdng cao (Olayide S, Eweka A. Osagie B, 1980).
Nong hO Id nhu'ng hd chu ye'u hoat dong theo nghia rpng. bao gdm ca nghe rij'ng. nghe ca va hoai dpng phi ndng nghiep d nong thdn (Ddo The Tuan. 1997).
Tdm lai. ndng hd la nhiTng hd ndng dan sd'ng 5 vdng ndng thdn. cd ngdnh nghe san xua'l chinh la ndng nghiep. Id ddn vi kinh te'cd .sd, vifa Id mpl ddn vi san xua't vifa la mdt ddn vi lieu diJng (Dao The'Tuan. 1997).
Kha nang tie'p can tin dung: La xdc sudl ma ngu'di vay cd kha nang nhan du'de hodc khdng nhan du'de cdc khoan vay tin dung. TiS'p cdn tin dung cd nghTa lit mu'c do tin dung ma ngu'di vay c(5 the nhan difdc (SaifuUahi Sani Ibrahim and Haruna Mohammed Aliero. 2012).
2.2. Cdc ye'u td'dnh hifdng den khd ndng tie'p c4n tin dung tif ngdn hdng ndng nghiep ciia noiighg (Hiiib I)
Trinh do hoc vd'n cua cdc hg ndng ddn: Trtnh dp cang cao thi kha nang liep can vd am hieu
thdng tin ve tin dung cung nhif cac dieu khodn \ e tin dung cang de ddng. Chu hd cd hpc vd'n cao cdng cd nhieu cd hdi lam \iec Chinh dieu nd\
dd tao dieu kien cho hp cd md'i quan he td't ve .xa hpi va de ddng tie'p can du'de nguon vay chinh thu'c. Trinh dp hpc va'n cang cao. xdc sua'l \a} vd'n Id cac to chu'c lin dung chinh thu'c cdng cao. Gido due lam cho ngifdi di vay khdn ngoan hdn. khdng vay tin dung tu" cac nguon phi chinh thu'c vdi lai sud't cao hdn. (Anjani Kumar. Dhiraj K. Singh and Prabhat Kumar. 2007).
Gid ihuyel HI: Trinh do hgc van cd lac dgng cung chieu vdi khd ndng lie'p can lin dung chinh thifc cita ndng ho fddu ky- vgng +^.
Tuoi ciia chli hd: Tud'i idc cung ddng vai Ird quan trpng trong \iec giai Ihich tiep can lin dung chinh ihi'fc d khu Mfc ndng Ihdn (Sabopetji va Beleie. 2009: Kaino. 2005). Nhdng ngifdi Iru'dng Ihdnh Ihu'dng iranh di vay tCf cac ngudn phi chinh thu'c (Anjani Kumar. Dhiraj K. Singh and Prabhal Kumar. 2007).
Gtd thuyet H2: Tuoi ctia chu Iw cd Idc dgng cung chieu vdi khd ndng lie'p cdn lin dimg cbinh ihifc (dd'u ky vgng +).
Tdi sdn sd hdu cua ndng he) dung de the chcip:
Tdi san lhe cha'p la >eu td'cho biel sif giau cd sung tuc cung nhu' kha nang tai chinh hien cd cua chu hd. Ngifdi ta nhanra rang de ngan hanged the giai ngdn. can phdi cd tdi sdn the'cha'p du cho ngu'di cho vay (Sacerdot. 2005). Do'i vdi hp ngheo, ho khdng sd hifu lai sdn du'de chap nhan Iam tai san the chd'p cho cac khodn vay, dieu nay can trd viec tie'p can tin dung vdi ngu'di ngheo d ndng thdn (Basu. 2006; Fleising vd De la Pena, 2003).
Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghien cifu dS xud't
Ngudn: Ke't qud .xd ly sd lieu dieu Ira e
So 9 - Thang 5/2020 311
TAP CHl CONG THIIONG
Gid ihuye't H3: Tdi sdn the chap cd idc dong ciing chieu vdi khd ndng liep can lin dung chinh thdc cua ndn<; ho Iddu ky vgng +).
Thu nhdp ctia ndng hg: Ld ngudn de thanh todn nd vay bao gdm thu nhap tij' san xua't ndng nghiep va phi ndng nghiep. Nguon Ihu nhap nay se du'de nhan vien ngdn hang tha'm dinh. xac minh de tif do xac dinh khd nang thanh todn nd cua khach hang. Phdn idn nhu'ng hd cd thu nhdp cao la nhCfng hd cd ke hoaeh san xud't kinh doanh hieu qua \d quy md sdn xuat ldn, nhu cau \ e \dn san xudt nhieu. ddng thdi khd nang trd nd cua hp cung cao hdn. Do dd. de dang liep can dddc ngudn tin dung cao hdn nhifng hd cd tting thu nhdp iha'p (Xia Li. Christopher Can. Balding Hu.2011).
Gid thuyel H4: Thu nhgp ciia nong hg co lac dc'nig cimg chieu vdi khd nang liep cdn tin dung chinh ihdc (dd'u ky vgng +).
Lifcfng von vay ciia ndng he}: Ngu'di ndng dan khi quyet dinh va\ \dn ihu'dng quan ldm den lu'dng vd'n difdc vay ma lai it cd it ldi san the chd'p. ddc biel la do'i vdi nhiTng hp dan ngheo.
dieu nay da lam han che kha nang md rdng sdn xua'l va cdi ihien dieu kien sd'ng cua hp (Gale.
Lohmarvd Tua'n. 2005). Tiep can du'de ngudn tin dung ldn difdc coi la mpt ye'u td'chinh trong \ iec ndng cao nang suat. tang ihu nhdp (Okurul etal. 2006).
Gid ihuyet H5: Ltfitng vdn vay ciia ndng hi) cd tde dc)ng cung chieu vdi khd ndng lie'p can tin dung chinh thdc (dii'u k\' vgng +}.
Ldi sud't cho vay cua ngdn hdng: Da\ !d ye'u Id' dau lien anh hu'dng de'n quyet dinh \ a \ vd'n cua khdch hang dd'i \di ngdn hang. \i nd Id mot chi phi trong san xua't ddc biet do'i vdi ngdnh cd i\' le ldi nhuan tha'p nhif ndng nghiep. Do dd. lai sud'l cang cao se lam giam hieu qua cua vd'n va khdng khuyen khich ngifdi ngheo d ndng thon lang cifdng lic'p can tin dung (Sacerdot. 2005).
Gid ihuyci H6: Ty le ldi sud'l ccmg cao se cd lac dc}ng ngifgc cliicu vdi khd ndng nep can lin dung chinh ihdc ciia ndng he) (ddu ky vgng -j.
Chdl lifcfng nhdn su ciia ngdn hdng: Chd'l
Iifdng nhan sif chinh la irinh dp nghiep vu. 1 ndng giao tiep. sy nhiet linh Irong cdng viec ( can bo, tao hinh anh tot cua ngdn hang trong i mat cua khach hang. Da> cung la \eu id'qi trong trong md'i quan he giifa cac td" chu'c lin dt va ca nhdn ngu'di \'ay vd'n. giup ngifdi xay vd'n niem tin vdo to chiFc tin dung tdng kha nang I can (KNTCTD) (SaifuUahi Sani Ibrahim i Haruna Mohammed Aliero, 2012).
Gici thuye't H7: Chdl lifcfng nhdn sif liil sc dc)ng ciing chieu vdi khd ndng liep can tin di chinh Ibifc ciia nong hg (dd'u ky vgng +).
Mgng Itfdi hogl df)ng cua ngdn hdng: Thift cho tha'y. tru sd phdng giao dich eua cdc to cl tin dting chii yeu d Irung tam huyen; Irong nhiJng hp ndng dan chu yeu sinh sd'ng d vting s vung xa each trung tarn huyen nhieu cay du'dng xd di lai khd khan. nhiJng mdn vay Ihdl la nhd dan ldi ngifdi ddn khdng mud'n vay lu ehii'e chinh thd'ng (Beck va la Torre, 20 Sacerdoti, 2005).
Gid ihuye't H8. Mgng lifdi hogl dcjng ctia ii}
bang cd idc dgng cung chieu vdi khd ndng liep i lin dung chinb ihdc cua nong he) (dd'u ky' vgng •
Tif md hinh nghien cu'u de xua'l, idc gia da xud'l phifdng Irinh hoi quy bdi de kiem dinh <
gia Ihuyet nghien cu'u cd dang:
Y=(3o + P,*X, + p, -'X2 + y3, *X, + j8, -^X, -I- Ps'-Xs-^ P6-'X, + I3,^X,+ P,*X,+ E^
Trongdd; Y la bie'n phu Ihudc (Khd nang t can tin dung); X, Trinh do hpc van cija chu ho;
Tud'i cua chu hd: Xj Tai san sd hiJu cua chu X4 Thu nhap cua chu hd; X5 Lu'dng vd'n vay i chu hp, Xf, Lai sua't cua ngudn vd'n vay; X7 C lifdng nguon nhan life cua ngan hang; X„ Mi lifdl boat ddng cua ngan hang; E, la sai so'; P, hdng so: p,: p.^ P.v P4: P.v Pr,; P7: Ps Id he hdi quy.
3. Phifdng phap nghien cu'u
Thu thdp so lieu ihd cap: Thdng qua Bdo 1 tin dung hd san xua't \a ca nhan ciia Niziin h, Ndng nghiep vii Phat trien ndng thdn Ddk Nd Chinh sdch phdt trien ndng nghiep va xda
312 So 9-Thang 5/2020
TAI CBiNMIEAN IANG-BAO NIEM
giam nghdo cua linh. Dinh hifdng phat trien nguon \dn tin dung ndng nghiep tren dia bdn tinh.
Thu thap so lieu scf cap: Bang cdch dung mau phifi'u chuan bi san de dieu tra Irdc tiep cac hd nong dan tren dja ban tinh. Mau difdc chpn theo phifdng phap phi xdc sua't thudn lien.
De ddm bao do tin cay va su" phii hdp cua ke't qua nghien cd'u, kich thifde mau difpc thu thdp difa tren cdng thd'c cua Green (1991) vdi kich ihifdc mau td'i thieu N= 50 + 8*p; trong dd: N la kich ihifdc mau, p la sd' bie'n dpc lap. Theo Hair&cs (2006), N = 5*m, trong do N Id kich ihifdc mau, m ia sd' bie'n quan sal, tif cdc cdng thli'c tren thi so' phieu td'i thieu can khao sat la 220 phie'u. Tif do, nhdm tae gia da tien hanh khdo sdi 390 hp ndng ddn, so'phie'u thu ve la 376 phie'u {9b.Y/r). sau khi sang lpc vd lam sach diJ lieu so' phie'u hdp le difa vao phan tich la 359 phie'u (92.1'^). Thdi gian khao sat difdc thu'c hien tif Ihdng 02/2020 den thdng 03/2020.
4. Kd't quii nghien eifu va thao lu§n 4.1. Ddnh gid dg tin cqy ciia thang do trong mo hinh nghien ciiu
Ket qua kiem djnh Ihang do bdng dp tin cay Cronbach's Alpha dd'i vdi 359 phie'u khao sal cho
lha_\ he sd Cronbach's Alpha deu Idn hdn 0.6 (tu:
0.649 den ll.S48i d Bang I. nhu'ng he so tu'dng quan bien idng cua cac bien quan sdi TSSH1 = 0.286: LSVV]= 0.259; LSVV5 0.065; MLNH3=
0.152 deu nhd hdn 0.3 nen da bi loai (Nguyen Dinh Thp. 2011). Cdn lai 40 bie'n quan sal thda man de diTa vao phan lich EF.A, (Bang 1)
Ke't qua phan tich EFA cho Iha'y. cdc bien quan sat cd he so' tai nhdn to' dao dpng lif 0,535 de'n 0.910 (>0,5) va khdng cd sd xao Iron cdc bie'n Ihdnh phan. Nhu'\a>. cdc thang do deu dat gid tri hpi III \a diem difng khi trich nhan to' vdi Eigenvalue la 1.132 > I cho thd'y ke'i qua phan lich nhan to' la phu hdp (Nguyen Dinh Tho, 2011).
{Bang 2)
Kiem dinb ve gid dinh vi pham da ci)ng luye'n:
Ke't qua ciJa he so' phdng dai phu'dng sai VIF (Variance Iflation Facior) chi ra rang sif lien ke't giifa cdc nhan Id' dif dodn khdng vi pham gia dinh ve da cdng tuye'n vi ta't ca cac he so'deu < 2. nam trong khoang cha'p nhan, do dd. viec phan tich cd the du'de tiep tuc (Nguyan Dinh Thp, 2011).
Kie'm dinh phifdng sai ANOVAa cho tha'y gia tri Sig cua kiem djnh F trong md hinh la < 0,05.
Nhif vay, md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh xdy di/ng phu hdp vdi td'ng the. (Bang 3)
Bang 1. Kei qud Kiem djnh dp tin c q y c u a c d c thang do
8 Mang lifdi hoat dpng cua ngan hang
sn
1
A
3 4 5 6
1 '
Thang do
Trinh dd hoc van cua chu hp Tuoi cua chu hd Tai san sd hiiu cua chu ho Thu nhap cua chu ho Lupng vdn vay td ngan hang Lai sua! cua nguon vd'n vay Chat ludng ngudn nhan luc ciia ngan hang
Cronbach's Alpha 0.836 0.802 0.717 0.848 0.802 0.649 0.810
So quan sat Idem djnh
6 5 5 7 5 5 6
So quan sat loai bo
0 0 TSSH1
0 0 LSW1.LSW5
0
So'quan sat chap nh$n
S 5 4 7 5 3 6
\ '.iudn. Ket cpid xif ly sd Heu dieu tra ciia idc gic
So 9 - T h o n g 5/2020 3T3
TAP CRi CONG THlTdNfi
Bang 2. Ket qud xoay nhan to cdc ye'u to dnh hudng den khd nang ti#'p can tin dung
TDHV1 TDHV2 TDHV3 TDHV4 TDHV5 TDHV6 TCHI TCH2 TCH3 TCH4 T C H 5 ^ TSSH2 TSSH3 TSSH4 TSSH5 TNI TN2 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN6 TN7 LW1 LW2 LW3 LW4 LW5 LSW2 L S W 3 I.SW4
1 2 .765
849 .784 752 778 .769
.578 .627 .680 713 1 .759
3
H$ so tai nhan to 4 1 6
_ _ L
n
'
839 .751 910 909
.717 .909 .839 .751 1 .910
-
876 .637
641 .673 .535 .614 .658
6 7 8
I
1
1
i
.
- -
^
.680 .713
759 L
3 1 4 So 9 - Thang 5/2020
TAI CalHI'NGAN IANG-BAO HIEM
j
1 1 2
' CLNL1 CLNL2 CLNL3 CLNL4 CLNL5 CLNL6 1 MLNH1
MLNH2 j MLNH4 i MLNH5
3
H$ so tai nhan to
4 1 5 6
" 1
7 8 .619 1 .566
609 717 664 .680
! 1
.713.759 .619 .680 Ngudn: Ket qua .\d ly sci lieu dieu Ira ciia idi gu Bdng 3. Ket qud hdi quy
Model
(Constant) TDHV TCH TSSH 1 TN
LW LSW CLNL MLNH
Unstandardlzed Coefficients B 1061
.229 .156 .507 .452 .290
Std. Enor .200 .037 040 .039 .037 027 -.434 1 .046
304 .446
.030 047
Standantlzed Coefficients
Beta
234 .166 .519 498 334 -.437 325 .479
t
6 303 -782 -1.399 -.185 1.409 3.331 .747 .137 13.620
Sig.
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 000 .000 .000 .000
Colljne Stads Tolerance
.679 .572 .576 .757 .801 .536 .906 519
arity tics
VIF
1.474 1.749 1.738 1.320 1.249 1.865 1.103 1928
Mifc do phi) hcJp cua md hinh: He so' R = 0.741 vii he ,sd .\ae dinh hieu chinh (Adjusted R Square) R- hieu chinh = 0..i.iS. nghia la md hinh hoi quy luyen tinh da \a> du'ng phu hdp \di tap dff lieu \a nd giai thich dtfdc 5.>.8'f ^d bien thien ciJa md hinh. cdn 46.2rf dddc giai ihich bdi cdc
Ngudn - Ket qud .vd ly sd lieu dieu tra i lia Idc gid bien chifa du'a vao md hinh.
Dai lifdng thd'ng ke Durbin-Watson (d) = 2.159 (1 < d < 3 Hodng Trong. Chu Nguyen Mdng Ngoc. 2008) nen cdc phdn dif trong mau khdng cd Slf Iifdng quan vdi nhau. tinh ddc lap ciia phan du'du'de dam bao. iBdna 4)
So 9 - T h a n g 5/2020 315
TAP CHl CONG THIfliNG
Model
1 1
R .741a
R Square 549
Bang 4. M o hinh torn t d t Adjusted R Square
.538
Std. Enor of the Estimate .472
Durbln-Wats<
2.159 Ngudn: KH'l cpid \d ly so lieu dieu ira cua tde
Td ke't qua md hinh Bang 4. ta cd the \ le'i lai phu'dng trinh kha nang tiep can tin dung tij" Ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phdi Inen ndng thdn cua ndng hd tmh Ddk Ndng nhu'sau:
KNTCTD = 0,234* trinh dg hoc van + 0,166* tuoi chu ho -I-0,519* tai san sdhffu -i-0,498*thunhap + 0,334* \\i<fng vd'n \ a j - 0,437* lai sua't vo'n va\
-i- 0,325*chS't li/dng nguon li/c + 0,479* mang lifdi ng3n hang.
4.2. Gidi thich sif tde dgng ciia cdc bie'n Irong md hinh
Trinh do hoc van cua chu hg (XI) vdi he sd' hoi quy la -i- 0.234 cd md'i quan he cung chieu vdi bie'n KNTCTD cua ho ndng dan Bang 4 \a da'u cua tham sd'u'dc lu'dng dung vdi ky vong ban dau.
Chu ho cd Irinh do hoc va'n cang cao thi KNTCTD se iang. Ke't qud nghien cdu phi: hdp vdi ke't qud nghien cdu cua Anjani Kumar. Dhiraj K. Singh and Prabhal Kumar (2007).
Tuoi cua ehu hg (X2) cd he sd' hoi quy la -1-0.166 cijng da'u vdi k\ vgng. Nhd vay. ye'u to'
"Tuoi cua chu hg" cd quan he cung chieu vdi lu'dng vd'n tin dung chinh thdc \d trong dieu kien cac \ e u id' khac khdng doi. Nghien cdu chi ra rdng. thdng Ihifdng cac chu hg ldn luoi cd Irdch nhiem hdn dd'i vdi cdc khoan vay va quan trgng hdn la ho da cd cua cai tieh lu\. Ket qua hoi quy ndv phii hdp \di nghien cdu cua Kaino. (2005):
Anjani Kumar. Dhiraj K. Singh and Prabhat Kumar. (2007).
Gid iri tai sdn the chap (X3) cd he so'hoi quy
!a -1-0.319 ciJng dd'u vdi ky vgng. Nhif vdy. ye'u to'
"Gia tri tai san the chdp' cd quan he eung chieu vdi KNTCTD chinh ihdc va trong dieu kien cac
ye'u to' khde khong doi. Ke't qua hoi quy nay | hdp vdi nghien cdu ciia Sacerdot. (2005); Flei*
va De la Pena. (2003'). Nhif vay. cd the thay, iri tai san the'cha'p cua ho cd anh hifdng den 1 nang Iiep edn vd'n tin dung chinh thdc.
Thu nhdp eua hd (X4) ed he sd' hdi qu) -HO.498 da'u he so'hoi quy du'dng nhu'ky vgng.
dd, ye'u Id' "Thu nhap cua ho" cd quan he ci chieu vdi KNTCTD ehinh thdc va trong dieu k cdc ye'u td'khdc khdng ddi, hay tdng thu nhapl luy cua ho ndng dan tae dgng tich cifc i KNTCTD cua hd. Ke't qua hdi quy ndy [ hdp vdi nghien cdu cua Gale, Lohmar va Tu (2005).
Lifdng vd'n vay (X5) cd he so' hdi quy -1-0,334 cung da'u vdi ky vgng. Nhu' vdy, ye'i
"Lifdng vd'n vay dddc tang len"c6 quan he ci ehieu vdi KNTCTD chinh thu'c va Irong dieu k cdc ye'u Id' khac khdng ddi. Khi nhu cau ve ' cua ngu'di ddn du'de dap u'ng, hg se dau iif ( nhiJng ke hoaeh san xua't ldn hdn va hy vt mang lai thu nhdp nhieu hdn vd ngu'dc lai. 1 qua hoi quy nay phu hdp vdi nghien cdu i Okurut etal, (2006).
Lai sua't ngudn vd'n vay (X6) cd he sd'hdi i la -0,437 Cling da'u vdi ky vgng. Nhu'vay, ye'i
"lai sua'l ngudn vd'n vay"cd quan he ngu'dc ch vdi KNTCTD chinh thdc trong dieu kien cdc • td'khdc khdng ddi. Ke't qud hdi quy nay phu I vdi nghien cdu ciia Sacerdot, (2005); Fleising De la Pena, (2003). Nhif vdy, cd the tha'y, khi sud't tang len Ihi han che ngu'di dan cd KNTC nhieu hdn.
Chd't lu'dng ngudn nhdn life (X7) cd he sd quy Id +0,325 cdng da'u vdi ky vgng. Nhif v ye'u td' "chat lu'dng ngudn nhan life" cd quan ciing chieu vdi KNTCTD chinh thu'c va trong ( kien cdc ye'u td'khdc khong doi. Ket qua hdi
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nay phii hdp vdi nghien cu'u cua SaifuUahi Sani Ibrahim and Haruna Mohammed Aliero (2012)
Mang Iddi ngan hang (X8) la khoang cdch tCf ndi siiih sd'ng de'n diem giao djch cua td chu'c tin dyng. Bang 4 cho tha'y bie'n khoang cdch cd md'i quan h^ ciing chieu vdi bie'n KNTCTD cua hd nong dan \d da'u cua tham so'ifdc Iifdng dung vdi k\ vong ban dau. Ne'u hd sinh sd'ng cang gan diem giao dich cua id chdc tin dung vdi dieu kien di lai thudn ldi, KNTCTD se cao hdn so vdi hd Sling \a diem giao dich. Ke't qua nay cung gid'ng vdi ket qua nghien cdu cua Sacerdoti, 2005: Beck
^•| la Tone. (2006).
4.3. Mift so gidi phdp nham ndng cao khd ndng liep can tin ditng ciia nong hg tren dia bdn tinh Ddk Ndng
Tdi sdn .sd hdu diing ldm the chd'p ciia chii he):
Viec dinh gid tdi san the' cha'p nen theo gid thi irifdng ihay vi dp iheo khung gid Nha nu'dc quy dinh. Ihifdng tha'p hdn gid thi trifdng ra't nhieu.
gdy thiel thoi cho ngifdi di vay. Dieu ndy gdp phan lam han che KNTCTD cua ndng hd.
iV(i/),i; cao ibu nhgp cho chii ho: Tang eu'dng md cac ldp lap hua'n san xua't nhhm ldm thay ddi suy nghl ciia cdc ho nong dan, nang cao nang Idc si/lLf lin cua ndng hd de tie'p can vdi nen kinh te' ihj tru'dng. Tang cifdng sif quan tdm den hieu qua san xud'l. Tang eu'dng sif hd trd ciia cd quan khuye'n ndng irong ke hoaeh san xud't
A'/(//j,i,' ludi hogl diing ngdn hang: Can giam khd khan \ e dieu kien di bang each cac ngdn hdng \a_\' ddng them cdc cd sd tin dung tai cdc dia ban xa \di di lai khd khan \d cham lo. chu Irong de'n chd't Iifdng dich vu. Da dang hda cdc chifdng irinh ^•ay. nhdm giup cho ngifdi \ay ehu dpng hdn irong \ icc sil'dung vo'n phu hdp vdi chu k\ \a sdn pha'm sdn xua'l trong ndng nghiep.
Ldi sud'l nguchi vd'n veiy: Ngan hang can sd dung triet de cdc ngudn vd'n u'u dai ciia cdc Id chdc trong va ngoai nu'dc. Iff dd giam dddc lai
"•iiaixa} Ciin cu" cho tuTng dd'i lu'dng \a\ vd'n md ngan hang du'a ra thdi gian \ a \ vo'n phu hdp.
gidm dp Idc trong viec trd nd. Neu ihdi gian cho va> ma khdng phu hdp vdi dicu kien trong san
xud't eua nong nghiep thi ngu'di ndng dan rd't khd cd the ddm bao trd difdc ca gd'c va lai
Lifcfng vdn vay: Ngan hang can xem xei phu'dng dn san xud't ciia ndng ho. id; dd ifu tien ddp dng nhu cau ve vd'n dd'i vdi ndng ho dc hg cd dieu kien md rdng sJn xua't iang Ihu nhdp. tang khd nang trd nd va cd dieu kien trd nd vd'n tdt hdn d nhifng lan sau
Chdt lifcJng ngudn nhdn life ngdn bang: Can xay di/ngddi ngu nhan \'ien nhiet linh. than Ihien vdi ngu'di dan. can bg iin dung biel liengdan idc It ngifdi de de dang giao tiep; Tang cddng kien thdc long hdp cho can bd tin dung, cd kien ihdc sdu rdng, am hieu nhieu linh vifc se dem lai nhieu ihdng lin hiJu ich, ciing nhu'hd Ird dddc nhicu mal cho ngu'di xay \d'n. Giup ngu'di vay vd'n cd niem lin vao td chdc tin dung, ho cam iha'y cd ngddi ddng hanh. chia se trong qua irinh vay vd'n va dc ddng Iiep can du'de vdi ngudn tin dung hdn.
Trinb do hoc vd'n: Ngddi dan can tang cUdng Iinh chu ddng Irong viec tim ngudn vd'n vay; Can tiing cddng vai tro va hieu qua hoat ddng cua cac id chu'c chinh tri xa hoi tai dja phifdng trong viec Idc ddng va thay ddi cdc phong tuc. tap quan cung nhif nhan thdc cua ngifdi dan. giup ngddi ndng ddn biei quan ly vd'n vd lap ke hoaeh san xuat, hd Ird phap Iy cho cdc hd ndng dan. Ben canh dd, ngan hdng can phai ddn gian hda cde thu tuc gidi ngan tin dung Id cac ngudn chinh thdc de ngay cd nhu'ng ngifdi mu chir cung cd the tang KNTCTD chinh thdc.
5. Ke't luan
Nghien cdu da he Ihd'ng hda difdc ly thuye't ve tie'p can Iin dung chinh Ihdc cua cdc ho ndng dan vd phan tich cdc nhan id'anh hifdng den khd nang tie'p can tin dung cua cdc hd ndng dan tren dia bdn tinh Dak Ndng Ke't qua Ihu difde cd S nhan id' anh hu'dng gdm: Trinh dd cua chu hd:
Tudi cua chu hd: Tdi san sd hiJu cua chu hd;Thu nhap cua chu hd: Lu'dng vd'n \ay: Lai suat cua neudn vd'n va>: Ngudn nhdn life cdn bd ngdn hang: Mang Iddi hoat ddng cua ngdn hang.
Tif dd. nhom tde gia da cd gdi y mot sdgiai phdp cho hd ndng dan ciing nhd cdc id chdc tin
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TAPCHI CONG THKONG
dung, cd quan qudn ly nha nu'dc tren dia ban sd'ng. Cac chinh sach de xud'l neu tren chi d nhdm giup cac hd ndng dan d tinh Ddk Ndng tie'p thi^e hien hieu qua khi cd sif hd trd cua ca^
cdn du'de vdi ngudn vd'n chinh thdc tif Ngdn hang quan quan ly nha mfdc. si; tham gia ddng bg i Ndng nghiep vdi lai sua^t thd'p deed the ndng cao nhang tCf cae td chdc chinh iri. \a hpi ciia nang Idc san xua't, tao dieu kien cdi thien ddi Dak Ndng •
TAI LUX THAM KHAO:
1. Bao c i o (20181. Ke't qud lin clung hg .sdn .xudi vd cd nhdn ndm 2017; Muc lieu, gidi phdp thifc hien ndm 20i Agribank Ddk Nong.
2. Bao Ciio (20191. Kc''t qud tin dung lio sdn .uid'l vd cd nhdn ndm 2018: Muc tieu. gidi phdp llnfc hien nam 20i Agribank Dik Nong
3. Bao cao (2020) Kei qua tin dung hg sdn .xiicil vd cd nhdn mini 2019; Muc lieu, gidi phdp iliifc Inen nam 20^
Agribank Dak Nong.
4. Do Ta'l Ngoc (2006). Tin dung ngdn hdng dcii vdi kinh telle) d Viet Nam. NXB Lao dpng. Hii Noi.
5. Nguyen Dinh Tho (2011). Phifcfng phdp nghien ciiu inmg kinh doanh, NXB Lao ddng.
6 Dao The Tudn (1997). Kmh le'ho ndng ddn. NXB Chinh In Qudc gia.
7. Hoang Trong. Chu Nguyen Mpng Ngoc (2008). Phdn tieh ddiieu nghien cifu vdi SPSS. NXB Hong Du'c.
8. Anjani Kumar. Dhiraj K. Singh and Prabhal Kumar (2007) Performance of Rural Credit and Factors Affecti the Choice of Credit Scnire-es, India. Joumal of Agriculture Economics, 62 (?•). (pp.Trang sdbao nhieu?).
9. Beck T. la Torre (2006) The Basic Analytics of Access to Financial Services. Paper Presented at the La American Regional Study em Access to Finance. \\*ashington D.C: World Bank.
10. Fleising Reising H. De la pena N (2003). Legal ond Regukdory Requirements for Ejfectlve Rural Financ Markets. Paper for Paving the Way Eonvards. Iniemaiicmal Conference cm Best Practice in Rural Finance, (pp. I 16).WashingionD.C.
11. Gaie.F.. Lohmar. B. and Tuan. F. (2005) China's new farm subsidies. Uniled Stales Department of Agriculli (USDA).
12. Green SB (1991). How many subjects does it lake to do a regression analysis? Muillivariaie Behavio Re.search. 26(3).499-510.
13. Hair JF. Black Wc. Babin BJ. Anderson RE. & Talham RL (2006). Mullivartcile dala analysis. 6"' editicm. Up[
Saddle Ri\er. NJ: Prentice - Hall.
14. Kaino T (2005), Rural Crechl .Market in .Myanmar: A Sludy of Formal and Non-famial Lenders. Asian. J, Agi D e \ e l 4 ( n : 3 - 1 5 .
15 Okunil. F. N. (2006). Access to credil by the poor in South Africa: Evidence from household sioTcy data 1995 c, 2000. Universiiy ofSiellenbosch Working Papers 13/06.
16. Olayide S. Eweka A. Osagie B. (1980) Nigeria's Small Farmer- Problems and Prospects in Integrated Ru Development- CenWe for Agricullural research In Developmenl. Universiiy of Ibadan. .N'lgenj
17 SaifuUahi S.ini Ibrahim and Haruna Mohdmmed Aliero (20 i 2) An analysis of farmers" access lo (dmial ere in lhe rural .ircas of Nigeria. Afriecin Jcmmal ofAgncultured Research, Vol. 7, pp. 6249-6253. 13
IS Sacerdot F (2005). .Access to Bank Credu in Sub-Sciharan Africa- Key Issues and Reform Sircitegies. It Wnrking\\P/05l 166): 3-22.
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TAI CIJNI-NGAN HANG-BAO HIEM
19 \ij l.i.Chrislopher Gan, Balding Hu (2011). Accessibility to microcredit by Chinese rural households. Journol of Asian Economic s. Volume 22, Issue 3, June 2011. Pages 235-246.
20. Zaman Zaman H (1999) Asse.ssing the Poverty and Vulnerability Impact of liu ro-Credii in Bangladesh A Case 5ntt/yo/B/MC. Policy Research Dissemination Center2145 2-7. i-50.
Ngay nhSn bai: 5/4/2020
N};a> phan bi^n danh gia va s^a chu'a: 15/4/2020 Nga) chap nhan dSng bai: 25/4/2020
Thdnglin idc gid:
I.TS.NGUYINVANDAT
Khoa Kinh te- TrU&ng Dai hgc T§y Nguy&n 2.CA0THIIVIYDUNG
NgSn hang Nong nghi$p va Phat trid'n Nong thon tinh D^k Nong
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCESS
TO FORMAL CREDIT OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN DAK NONG PROVINCE
• Ph.D NGUYEN VAN DAT Faculty of Economics, Toy Nguyen University
• CAO THI MY DUNG
Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development - Dak Nong Province Branch
ABSTRACT:
The credil capital plays a key role in the production process of farming households when the income of farmers i.s low and not enough for the accumulation of capital to reinvest into the production. This research was conducted by using qualitative and quandtative methods. The theoretical model of this research is tested through the Cronbach's alpha and the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the multiple linear regression analyses. This research finds out 8 faclors affecting the access to formal credil of farming households living in Dak Nong Province.
Among these factors, die a.sset used as collateral has the strongest impacl on the acces,s to forma!
creditor fanning households living in Dak Nong Province.
Keywords: Dak Nong Province, access to credit, farming household.
So 9 - T h d n g 5/2020 319
