CAC NHAN TO ANH HlJCfNG DEN THU NHAP CUA NONG HO TRONG CfT
d TINH AN GIANG
• BUI THI MY HANH
TOM TAT:
Nghien cffu phan tich anh hrfdng cua cdc yeu td' dd'n thu nhdp ciia ndng hp trdng dt d tinh An Giang thdng qua he thong dff lidu sd cd'p thu thdp tff 200 ndng hd dffdc chpn theo phrfdng phdp ngau nhidn. Muc tieu phdn tich bao gdm: thffc trang san xua't ciia ndng hd, cdc yeu to anh hffdng dd'n thu nhap ciia ndng hp, de xua't cac giai phdp ndng cao thu nhdp ciia ndng hp sdn xua't d tinh An Giang. Kd't qud phdn tich cho thd'y, ndng hp san xud't dt chiu dnh hffdng cffa cdc yd'u td'ndi tai nhff tudi ehii hd, chi phi phan, chi phi thu hoach.
Til khda: Nhan td anh hffdng, ndng hd, tinh An Giang.
1. Dgt van dd
Thffc hien chii trffdng cua Dang va Nhd nffde ve ehuydn dich cd ca'u san xua^t ndng nghiep trong nhffng nam qua, nen kinh te' tinh An Giang da cd srf tang trrfdng. Muc tidu chuyen dich san xud't la tang gia tri thu nhap cho ngrfdi dan vung ndng thdn, gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo. Trong nam 2018, An Giang pha'n da'u tid'p tue chuyen dich ed ca'u cdy trdng vat nudi theo hrfdng giam dien tich trdng liia, tang dien tich mau, cay an trdi nham nang cao thu nhap trdn dien tich trdng. Tang vu dd'i vdi mdt so' loai cdy mau dang cd thi trrfdng va gia tri gia tang cao nhrf khoai cao, khoai mi, sen, ddu nanh, bap non, dt, rau an la'.
Cay dl drfdc xem la cay trdng giup ndng dan tinh An Giang thodt ngheo, vrfdn len lam giau. Cft la loai cay trdng phat trien td't d vilng khi hdu a'm dp thich anh sang, thdi gian sinh trffdng va thu hoach keo dai. 0 An Giang phan Idn la da't phu sa ndn rd't thudn Idi cho cdy dt phdt trien, vi vdy cay dt dffdc ndng ddn Iffa chpn trong. Tff thudn Idi do da giup ndng dan tang nang sud't, chd't Irfdng va thu nhap ciia hp. Nhffng nam gan day, trrfdc tinh hinh
nhiet dp trdi dat dang ndng dan, nii ro didn hidn cua dich hai da gay khdng it khd khan cho ndng hd trong dt; hdn nffa gid phdn, thudc, nhan cdng lien luc tang nen chi phi san xud't cung tdng Idn.
Khi chi phi san xuat lang lam cho thu nhap cua ndng dan trdng dt giam. Ben canh dd, gid dl hidn nay bien ddng lang dau vu, giam cud'i vu va nang sud't thffdng gidm d cud'i vu. Trong qua trinh san xua't dt cd ra't nhidu ye'u td' anh hffdng dd'n anh hrfdng de'n thu nhdp cua ndng hd. Vi vay, nghidn cffu de lai cac ye'u id anh hffdng dd'n thu nhap ciia ndng hp trdng dt d tinh An Giang Id can thid't de tim ra giai phdp nang cao thu nhdp eua ndng hp trdng dt.
2. Muc tieu nghien cvCu
De tai phdn tich cac ye'u id anh hffdng de'n thu nhap ciia ndng hp trdng dt d dnh An Giang:
(1) Thffc trang san xua't cua ndng hp trdng dl d tinh An Giang;
(2) Cac yd'u to' anh hrfdng dd'n thu nhap cua ndng hd trdng dt d tinh An Giang;
(3) Mdt sd' giai phdp giup ndng cao thu nhdp ciia ndng hd trdng dt d tinh An Giang.
So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019 6 5
TAP CHi CONG THirUNG
3. Phifdng phap nghidn clhi
3.1. Co sd ly thuye't ve cdc ye'u tddnh hi^ng de'n thu nhdp cua nong hd
Theo Nguydn Viet Anh va civ. (2010) nhffng nhan td anh hrfdng de'n thu nhap hd ndng ddn cd vd'n vay d huyen Qudng Trach tinh Qudng Binh la trinh dp hpc vd'n, tudi, lao ddng, chi phi dau vao, dien lich canh tac, Irfdng vay vd'n, lai sua't, thdi ban vay.
Nguyin Tid'n Dung va ctv. (2014) cho rang, cdc ye'u Id' anh hrfdng den thu nhdp cua ngffdi trdng lua d Can Thd la dien Eich canh tdc, chi lieu cho san xua't, gia liia, gidi tinh, sdn Iffdng liia.
Nguydn Qud'e Nghi va civ. (2011) cho thay cac yd'u l6' anh hffdng ihu nhap ndng hd tai VTnh Long la sd' nhan khau, tudi lao ddng, hpc vd'n chu hd, kinh nghiem sdn xud't.
3.2. PhiAfngphdp thu thgp sdli$u - So'lieu thff ca'p:
Sd' lieu drfdc thu thap lai Sd Ndng nghidp tinh An Giang; hdp tdc xa; cae cd quan trffc thudc 3 huydn: An Phu, Phu Tdn, Tdn Chau; nien gidm thd'ng ke; sdch, bao, dai phdt thanh, internet.
- So' lieu sd cd'p:
Nghien cffu dffdc tid'n hanh tai 3 huyen: An Phu, Phu Tan, Tan Chau ciia linh An Giang la ndi cd nhieu nong hd trdng dl. Phffdng phdp chpn mdu ngdu nhien phdn tdng, phdng va'n trffc tie'p ndng hp tren dia ban nghien cffu vdi sd'hd Id 200, cdc hd cd thdi gian canh tae Hen tue tren 2 ndm. Thdi gian thu thap so'lidu la tff thang 3 nam 2018 dd'n thdng 5 nam 2018.
3.3. PhiMngphdp phdn tich
Muc tieu 1: Sff dung phffdng phdp thd'ng kd md td
De tai sff dung phrfdng phap thd'ng ke md ta de md td ve thdng tin ndng hd, cdc loai chi phi, nang sud't, thu nhap nhdm phdn tich thffc trang san xud't ndng hd trdng dt.
Muc tieu 2: Sff dung md hinh hdi qui tuyd'n linh sff dung dd xde dinh eac nhan td' anh hrfdng dd'n thu nhap cua ndng hd trdng dt tinh An Giang.
Nghidn cffu sff dung phan mem SPSS de ho trd irong vide phdn tich.
Md hinh phan tich cd dang:
Y = Bo + BiXi + B2X2 + B3X3 + B4X4 + B5Xs + B,X(i + #
Kd' thffa ke't qua nghien cffu ve cdc yd'u to' anh
hffdng de'n thu nhdp ndng hp cua tac gid Nguydn Viet Anh vd civ, Nguydn Tid'n Diing vd ctv, Nguydn Quo'c Nghi va ctv. Cdc bien dpc lap dffdc dffa vao md hinh la:
Bien so
TOHV: X,
Tuoi: X2
CPPHAN: X3
CPTHUHOACH: X4
CPTUOi: X5
CPGIONG: Xg
Dien giai Trinh dp hpc van cua chu hp: gia tn 0 la ctiu hp mu chD, gia tri 1, 2,3 la chu hp cd trinh dp hpc vSn cap 1, cap 2, Ccip3.
Dp tudi cua chu hd: gia tr; trung binh theo tuoi ciia chu hd Chi phi phan: gia trj trung binh theo chi phi ph^n Chi phi thu hogch: gia tn trung binh theo chi phi thu hoach Chi phi tifdi: gia trj trung binh theo chi phi tudi
Chi phi gidng: gia tri trung binh theo gia tn gidng
Muc tieu 3: Tong hdp muc tieu 1 vd muc tidu 2 dd lam cd sd dd ra giai phap ndng cao thu nhdp cua ndng hp trdng dl linh An Giang.
4. Kd't qua thao luan va nghidn cu'u 4.1. Thong tin ve ndng hd trdng dt d tinh An Giang
4.1.1. So ndm kinh nghiem cua chu hd Thdng qua phdn lich Bang 1 ta thd'y, ndng hd cd nhidu kinh nghiem trong canh tdc dt, chffng td md hinh trdng dt dd dffpc ndng dan Iffa chpn canh lac tff ra't lau.
Bang 1. Kinh nghiem cue chu ho canh tac dt Chi tieu
Nho hon 5 nam TLJ6den 10 nam TLI 11 den 15 nam
Ldn hon 15 nam TSng
TSnsff 60 76 46 18 200
%
30 38 23 9 100 Ngudn: Sd lieu dieu tra true tiep
nong hd ndm 2018
66 So 2-Thang 2/2019
So' nam kinh nghiem nhd hdn 5 nam chie'm 30%. Nhffng ndng hd cd so' nam kinh nghiem iff 6 de'n 10 nam Id 38% chie'm phan Idn trong tdng so' ndng hp dieu tra, nhd cd nhieu nam kinh nghiem ndn hp cd nhieu Idi the' trong Irfa chpn cay giong, hidu nhidu hdn vd dich hai. Nhffng ndng hd cd sd' nam kinh nghidm tff 11 den 15 nam chie'm 23% vd kinh nghiem ndng hd tren 15 ndm chie'm 9%.
4.1.2. Tuoi cua chu hg canh tdc dt Qua kd't qua didu tra d Bdng 2 ta tha'y, tudi chu hd tham gia canh tac dt tren dia ban nghien cffu tap trung nhieu nha'l Id nhffng hp dffdi 40 tudi chid'm 40% trong tdng so' ndng hd phdng va'n. Cay dt Id loai cay trdng td'n nhieu cdng cham sdc ddi hoi ndng hp phai cd sffc khde de thffc hidn td't cdc giai doan phdt tridn eua eay dt, vi vay md hinh canh tac dt thu hut nhieu ndng hd tre tham gia.
theo nhffng ndng hd khdc do khdng nam ro thdng tin, each sff dung thud'c.
Bdng 3. Trinh dp hoc vdn cua chu hp
Bang 2. Tuoi c u a chu hp Chi tiSu
< 40 tudi TO 41 dS'n 50 tu6'i TLI 51 den 60 tuoi
> 60 tuoi Tong
TSnsff 80 62 42 16 200
%
40 31 21 8 100 Nguon: So lieu di&u tra trifc tiip
nong ho ndm 2018
Bdn canh do, nhffng hd cd do tudi tff 41 de'n 50 chie'm 31% trong long sd hp dieu tra, theo nhffng hp nay ed nhieu nam kinh nghiem trong qud trinh canh tdc dt, hdn nffa cay dt mang lai thu nhap cao hdn cay trdng khdc nen hp manh dan canh tac trong thdi gian dai. Nhffng hp tff 51 dd'n 60 tudi chie'm 21% va trdn 60 tud'i chi chid'm 8% trong tdng hd didu tra.
4.1.4. Trinh do hoc van cua chu ho canh tdc dt Qua phan tich Bdng 3 ta tha'y, phdn Idn trinh dp hpc va'n ciia chii hd trdn dia ban nghien cffu la ca'p I chie'm61,5%, day Id con so'khd Idn the hien trinh dp hpc vd'n van cdn han che ciia ndng hd nen kho khan trong vide tdp hud'n khoa hpc ky thuat. Kd*
den la nhffng ndng hp mu chff chie'm 18,5%; theo nhi?ng hp ndy ihrfdng gap khd khan trong vide sff dung phan bdn, thud'c trff sau va khdng ffng phd trffdc didn bie'n cffa dich bdnh vi vdy hp thffdng lam
Chi tieu IViu chi?
CSpl Cap 2 Cap 3 Cao dang, dai hoc
Tong
TSns5 37 123 29
11 J
0 200
%
18,5 61,5 14,6 5,5 0,00 100 Nguon: Sd lieu dieu tra true tli'p
nong ho nam 2018
Nhffng ndng hp cd trinh dp cap 2 chie'm 14,5%
va cd'p 3 chid'm 5,5%, didu ndy eho thd'y cay dl khdng chi thu hut nhffng ndng hd ed trinh dp hoc va'n tha'p vd cdn thu hut nhffng ndng hd cd trinh dp cd'p 2, cd'p 3 tham gia sdn xud't. Ddy la nhffng dd'i tffdng cd nhieu thuan Idi trong vide ffng dung khoa hpc ky ihudl vao san xua't de tang nang sua't va chd'i Irfdng cay dl.
4.2. Cdc yeu to dnh hiidng din thu nhap cua nong hQ trSng dt d dnh An Giang
4.2.1. Chi phi vd thu nhdp trung binh/l.OOOm^
cua nong ho trdng dt
Drfdi ddy se phan lich cdc khdan muc chi phi ma ndng hp dau trf trong qua trinh canh tdc eiia vu dl.
Theo tdng hdp kd't qua tff Bang 4 ta thd'y, trong cdc khoan muc chi phi thi chi phi thu hoach chie'm ty trpng Idn nhd't khoang 43%, do khau thu hoach can mdt Iffdng Idn lao dpng de dam bao thu hoach kip thdi, tranh anh hffdng de'n chd't Iffdng trai va nang xua't. Gid thud d khau thu hoach khodng 4.000 ddng/kg ndn chi phi thu hoach trung binh khoang 8 trieu ddng. Chi phi thu hoach ty Id thudn vdi nang sua't, khi nang sua't tang thi chi phi thu hoach tang.
Phin Idn ndng ddn sdn xud't dt ludn mud'n td'i da hda Idi nhuan tff boat ddng san xud't. De cd dffdc Idi nhuan cao ddi hdi nang sud't dt phai cao, vi vdy ndng hd thrfdng sff dung phdn bdn de bd sung dinh drfdng cho cdy, ben canh ngudn dinh drfdng hd'p thu tff r l giiip cdy phat trid'n td't, cho
So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019 67
TAP CHi CONC THIIdNG
3. Phitdng phap nghien cii'u
3.1. Ccfsd ly thuyet vi cdc yeu tddnh hi^ng den thu nhap cua ndng hd
Theo Nguydn Viet Anh vd ctv. (2010) nhffng nhan td' anh hrfdng dd'n thu nhdp hd ndng ddn co vd'n vay d huyen Quang Trach tinh Qudng Binh la trinh dp hpc van, tudi, lao dpng, chi phi dau vao, dien lich canh tac, Irfdng vay vd'n, lai sud't, thdi ban vay.
Nguyen Tie'n Dung va ctv. (2014) cho rang, cdc ye'u Id' anh hffdng den thu nhap cua ngffdi trdng Ida d cdn Thd la dien lich canh tdc, chi tidu cho san xua't, gid Ilia, gidi tinh, sdn Iffdng lua.
Nguydn Qud'c Nghi va ctv. (2011) cho tha'y cdc yd'u to'anh hffdng thu nhdp ndng hp tai VTnh Long la sd' nhan khau, tudi lao ddng, hpe va'n chu hd, kinh nghiem san xua't.
3.2. Phiiongphdp thu thdp so'lifu - Sd'lieu thff cap:
Sd' lidu dffde thu thap tai Sd Ndng nghidp tinh An Giang; hdp lac xa; eac cd quan irrfc thudc 3 huydn: An Phu, Phu Tdn, Tdn Chau; nien gidm thd'ng kd; sach, bao, dai phdt thanh, internet.
- Sd'lidu sdcd'p:
Nghien cffu drfdc tid'n hanh tai 3 huydn: An Phu, Phu Tan, Tan Chau cffa tinh An Giang la ndi cd nhidu ndng hd trdng dt. Phrfdng phap chpn mdu ngdu nhidn phan tang, phdng vd'n trffc tie'p ndng hd trdn dia ban nghidn cffu vdi sdhp la 200, cdc hp ed thdi gian canh tdc lidn tue tren 2 nam, Thdi gian thu thap so' lieu la tff thdng 3 nam 2018 dd'n thang 5 nam 2018.
3.3. Phidfng phdp phdn tich
Muc tieu 1: Sff dung phrfdng phdp thd'ng kd md td
De lai sff dung phrfdng phdp thd'ng kd md la de md td ve thdng tin ndng hp, cde loai chi phi, nang suat, thu nhdp nham phan lich thrfc trang san xud't ndng hd trdng dt.
Muc tieu 2: Sff dung md hinh hdi qui tuyd'n tinh sff dung de xdc dinh cae nhdn to' anh hrfdng de'n thu nhap ciia ndng hp trdng dt tinh An Giang.
Nghien cffu sff dung phan mem SPSS dd hd trd trong viec phdn tich.
Md hinh phan tich cd dang:
Y = Bo + B,Xi + B2X2 + B3X3 + B4X4 + B5X5-^B,X,-^#
Ke' thffa ke't qua nghidn cffu vd cdc ye'u td' anh
hffdng dd'n thu nhap ndng hd ciia tac gia Nguydn Viet Anh vd ctv, Nguydn Tid'n Dung va etv, Nguydn Qud'e Nghi va ctv. Cac bie'n ddc Idp dffpc dffa vdomd hinh la:
BiShscT
TOHV: Xi
Tuoi: X2
CPPHAN: X3
CPTHUHOACH: X4
CPTUOI: Xg
CPGIONG: Xg
DiSh giai ^ Trinh dd hoc v^n cua chu hd: gia tri 0 la chu hp mu chO, gia tn 1, 2,3 la chu hp co trinh dp hpc van cap 1, c^p2, cap 3.
Op tud'i cija chu hp: gia tn trung binh theo tuoi ciia chu hd Chi phi phan: gia tn trung binh theo chi phi phan Chi phi thu hoach: gia tn trung binh theo chi phi thu hoach Chi phi tiidi: gia tn trung binh theo chi phitffdi Chi phi gidng: gia tn trung binh theo gia tr; giong
Muc tieu 3: Tdng hdp muc lidu I vd muc tidu 2 de lam ed sd de ra giai phap nang cao thu nhdp cua ndng hd trdng dt tinh An Giang.
4. Kd't qua thao lu^n va nghidn ci}u 4.1. Thong tin ve ndng ftp trong dt d txnh An Giang
4.1.1. Sdndm kinh nghiem cda chU ho Thdng qua phdn tich Bdng 1 ta tha'y, ndng hp cd nhieu kinh nghidm trong canh tac dt, chffng to md hinh trdng dt da drfdc ndng ddn Irfa chpn canh tac tff ra't lau.
Bang ]. Kinh nghidm cua chu hp canh tac 6t Chl tieu
Nho hdn 5 nam TLI 6 den 10 nam TLI 11 den 15 nam L6n hon 15 nam
Tong
Tan sff 60 76 46 18 200
%
30 38 23 9 100 Nguon: Sd'lieu diiu Ira true tiip
nong ho nam 2018
66 So2-Tlidng2/2019
So' nam kinh nghiem nhd hdn 5 nam chie'm 30%. Nhffng ndng hd cd sd' nam kinh nghidm tff 6 dd'n 10 nam la 38% chid'm phdn Idn trong tdng sd' ndng hd didu tra, nhd cd nhidu nam kinh nghidm ndn hp cd nhieu Idi thd' trong lffa chpn cay gid'ng, hieu nhidu hdn vd dich hai. Nhffng ndng hd cd sd' nam kinh nghiem tff II dd'n 15 nam chie'm 23% va kinh nghidm ndng hd trdn 15 nam chie'm 9%.
4.1.2. Tudi cua chu ho canh tdc dt Qua ke't qua dieu tra d Bang 2 ta thay, tudi chu hp tham gia canh tde dt trdn dja ban nghien cffu tap trung nhieu nha't la nhffng hp dffdi 40 tudi chie'm 40% trong tdng sd' ndng hd phong va'n. Cay dt la loai cdy trdng td'n nhidu edng cham sdc ddi hdi ndng hd phai ed sffc khde de thffc hien td't cac giai doan phat trien cua cdy dt, vi vay md hinh canh tac dt thu hiit nhieu ndng hd tre tham gia.
theo nhffng nong hd khdc do khdng nam ro thdng tin, cdch sff dung thud'c.
Bang 3. Trinh do hoc vdn cua chu hp
Bang 2. Tuoi c u a chu ho Chi tieu
< 40 tudi TLI 41 den 50 tudi I d 51 den 60 tudi
> 60 tudi Tong
Tin so 80 62 42 16 200
%
40 31 21 8 100 Nguon: Sdlieu dieu tra trUc tie'p
nong ho ndm 2018
Ben canh do, nhffng hd cd dp tudi tff 41 dd'n 50 chid'm 31% trong tdng sd' hd dieu tra, theo nhffng hp nay cd nhieu nam kinh nghiem trong qua trinh canh tac dt, hdn nffa edy dt mang lai thu nhap cao hdn cdy trdng khac nen hp manh dan canh tdc trong thdi gian dai. Nhffng hd tff 51 de'n 60 tudi chid'm 21 % va trdn 60 tuoi chi chie'm 8% trong tdng hp dieu Ira.
4.1.4. Trinh dd hoc vdn cua chii hg canh tdc dt Qua phdn tich Bang 3 la tha'y, phan Idn trinh dp hpc va'n cua ehu hd tren dia ban nghien etJu la ca'p I chid'm 61,5%, day Id con sd'khd Idn thd hidn trinh dp hpc vCn vln edn ban che'cua nong hd nen khd khan trong vide tap hua'n khoa hpc ky thuat. Ke' de'n Id nhffng ndng hd mii chff chid'm 18,5%; theo nhffng hd nay thffdng gap khd khan trong vide sff dung phan bdn, thudc trff sau va khdng ffng phd trffdc didn bien cua dich benh vi vay hp thffdng lam
Chl tieu Wi chii Capl Cap 2 Cap 3 Cao d^ng, dai hpc
Tong
TSnsff 37 123 29 11 0 200
%
18,5 61,5 14,5 5,5 0,00 100 Ngudn: S6 liiu dieu tra true tiep
nong ho ndm 2018
Nhffng ndng hd cd trinh dp ca'p 2 chiem 14,5%
va ca'p 3 chid'm 5,5%, dieu nay cho tha'y cay dt khdng chl thu hut nhffng ndng hd cd trinh dp hpc vd'n tha'p va cdn ihu hut nhffng ndng hd ed trinh dd cd'p 2, cd'p 3 tham gia sdn xua't. Ddy la nhffng dd'i Iffdng cd nhieu ihuan Idi trong vide ffng dung khoa hpc ky thudt vao san xua't de lang nang sua't va cha't Iffdng cay dt.
4.2. Cdc ye'u tddnh hiidng den thu nhap cua ndng hd trdng dtdtinh An Giang
4.2.1. Chi phi vd thu nhap trung binh/l.OOOm^
cAa nong ho trong dt
Dffdi day se phan tich cac khoan muc chi phi ma ndng hp dau tff trong qud trinh canh tae cua vu dl.
Theo tdng hpp ke't qua iff Bang 4 la iha^y, trong cdc khoan mue chi phi thi chi phi thu hoach chid'm ty trpng Idn nha't khoang 43%, do khau thu hoach can mpl Iffdng Idn lao ddng de dam bao ihu hoach kip thdi, tranh anh hffdng de'n chat Irfdng trai va nang xua't. Gia thud d khdu thu hoach khodng 4.000 ddng/kg nen chi phi thu hoach trung binh khodng 8 tridu ddng. Chi phi thu hoach ty Id thudn vdi nang sud't, khi nang sua't tang thi chi phi ihu hoach tang.
Phan Idn ndng dan san xual dl ludn mud'n toi da hda Idi nhuan tff hoat ddng san xua't. De cd dffdc Idi nhuan cao ddi hoi ndng sud't dt phai cao, vi vay ndng hp thffdng sff dung phdn bdn de bd sung dinh dffdng cho cay, ben canh ngudn dinh dffdng hd'p thu Iff li giup cay phdt tridn td't, cho
So 2 - T h d n g 2/2019 67
TAP CHi CONG THirONC
Bang 4. Chi phr va thu nh^p tmng blnh/1 .OOOm^ cOa ndng hO ti€ng 6t
BVT: 1.000 dong
Chl tieu
Chi phi phan Chi phi thudc Chi phi gidng Chi phi iam dat, tu ram
Chi phi iao dong Chi phi tudi tieu Chi phi thu hoach
Chi phi thue dat Tong chi phi Lao ddng gia dinh (ngay cdng)
Gia ban (ddng/Kg) Nang suat (tan)
Doanh thu Loi nhu^n
Cdng dat nha Tnjng binh
4115,63 1529,50 688,50 776,25 2843,13 665,62 8035,00 0,00 18653,63
50,05 12,80 2,06 26368 7.717,37
%
22,06 8,20 3,69 4,16 15,25 3,57 43,07 0,00 100,00
Cong dSt thue Tmng binh
4115,63 1529,50 688,50 776,25 2843,13 665,62 8035,00 4106,25 22759,88 50,05 12,80 2,06 26368 3.608.12
%
18,08 6,72 3,03 3,41 12,49 2,92 35,30 18,04 100,00
trdi nhieu hdn. Chi phi phan bdn chie'm khoang 22% trong tdng chi phi. Hau he'l ndng hd sff dung phan NPK, lire. Super Idn, DAP... Theo thdng tin dieu tra ndng hd eho rang, Heu Iffdng bdn phdn cho edy dt tffdng dd'i nhieu, each 10 ngay bdn mpl lan, vi vay chi phi phan bdn trung binh khoang 4 trieu ddng/l.OOOm^. Gdn lien vdi chi phi phan bdn la chi phi thud'c bao ve thrfc vdt khdng the thie'u trong sdn xud't dt. Cft la loai cay trdng dd anh hrfdng thdi tid't vd djch benh ndn lieu Irfdng thudc sff dung cho cay dt nhieu hdn cdy hoa mau khac. Theo ndng hd trdng dl ihi dich benh xua't hien nhieu tren cdy dl Id ihd'i cay, hdo Id xanh, gi sat, san thff, nd trai..., vi vay chi phi thud'c trung binh hp sff dung cho cdy dt khoang 1,5 tridu ddng/l.OOOm^.
Dd' cay dt phat trien td't theo ndng hd thi khau chpn cay gid'ng rd't quan trpng, phan Idn ndng hd
NguSn: Sd liiu dieu tra true tiS'p nong ho ndm 2018
dffdc phong vd'n chpn dt chi thidn vi dd trdng, cho nhidu trai va dd bdn. Ve cdy gidng, mot sd it ndng hd mua edy giong tff nhffng hd trdng cay gid'ng, phdn Idn thi tff trdng cay gid'ng bang each mua hat gid'ng tff dai ly hoac thrfdng Idi, sau do thrfc hidn cac edng doan trdng cay gid'ng (Vd bau - bd hat - trfdi nrfdc). Chi phi trung binh cdy gid'ng cho l.OOOm^ khoang 650 nghin ddng chid'm 3,6%
trong tdng chi phi. Ben canh viec trong edy gid'ng la khau tam da't va tu rdm, ndng hd thud ngffdi len lip, xdi dd't giiip dd't tffdi xd'p hdn. Sau khi trdng cdy gid'ng Id cdng doan tu rdm giup ban chd"
thodt hdi nffdc cho cay. Chi phi lam dd't, tu rdm trung binh khoang 750 nghin ddng/1 .OOOm^ chid'm khoang 4% trong tdng chi phi.
Trong qud tnnh sinh trffdng cay dt cdn mdt Iffdng nffdc nhat dinh, tuy nhidn hidn nay thdi tidt nang ndng keo dai, vi vay ndng hd tdng sd' lan
68 S6'2-Thang 2/2019
trfdi tidu 1dm chi phi trfdi tidu tang hdn so vdi cdc nam trrfdc. Qua dieu tra thi phan Idn ndng hp sff dung gid'ng khoang de trfdi lidu ndn chi phi trfdi drfdc tinh bang Irfdng dien tidu thu trdn mot thang, each ba ngdy trfdi mdt lan. Vi vdy chi phi Irfdi tidu trung binh khoang 650 nghin ddng/l.OOOm^, chie'm khoang 3,5% trong tong chi phi. Ben canh cac chi phi neu trdn thi chi phi lao ddng khoang 2,8 tridu ddng/1.000m-, chie'm khoang 15% trong tong chi phi. Chi phi lao ddng nhd bao gdm so'ngay iffdi lidu, so'ngay bdn phdn vd xil thud'c. Trdn dia ban nghidn cffu, ngodi nhffng ndng hp canh tdc da't nhd cdn cd nhffng ndng hd thue da't, vi vdy dd'i vdi nhffng ndng hd sff dung dd't thud sau khi tinh hd'l cac chi phi dau vao cdng them chi phi thud d^l. Chi phi thud da't trung binh khoang 4 tridu ddng/1.000m-. Sau khi cong lai cde loai chi phi, la linh drfdc tdng ehi phi ma ndng hp sdn xud't dt phai bd ra khoang 18 tridu ddng/I.OOOm^ dd'i vdi cdng nhd, 22 trieu ddng/l.OOOm^ dd'i vdi edng thue. Chi phi san xud't trfdng dd'i Idn ddi hoi ndng hd phai ed ngudn vd'n de phue vu san xual.
Doanh thu trung binh ndng hd dat drfdc khoang 26 tridu ddng/l.OOOm-. Sau khi trff di chi phi thi Idi nhuan ndng hp nhan drfdc khoang 7,7 trieu ddng/l.OOOm^ dd'i vdi edng nha, 3,6 trieu ddng/l.OOOm^ ddi vdi cdng thue.
4.2.2. Cdc yeu td anh hudng den thu nhap cda nong ho trong dt
Vdi Sig F = 0,000 ra't nho so vdi mffc y nghia a = 5% ndn md hinh hdi quy cd y nghia.
He sd' xdc dinh R^ = 78%, cd nghia la 78%
mffc dd bid'n dpng cua thu nhdp se dffdc gidi thich bdi cac bid'n liet kd trong mo hinh vdi mffc y nghia thd'ng ke l%i, 10%; cdn lai 22%> dffde giai thich bdi cdc bid'n khdc ngoai md hinh. Ta cd hdm thu nhap nhff sau:
Y = 1,57 + 446813,82X1 - 55655,03X2 + 0,95X3 + 0,78X4 + 1,63X5 - 1,61X6 Phrfdng trinh hdi quy drfdc giai thich nhrf sau:
Hau bd't cdc bie^n cd md'i quan he ty le thudn vdi thu nhdp nhrf trinh dp hpc va'n, chi phi phdn, ehi phi thu hoach, chi phi trfdi lieu, cdn lai bid'n tudi vd chi phi gid'ng cd ty le nghich vdi thu nhdp. Tuy nhien, bid'n trinh dp hpc va'n, chi phi trfdi, chi phi gid'ng khdng co y nghia thd'ng kd.
- Tudi eua nong hd: Khi chu hd tang Idn I tudi
Bang 5. Kit qud phan tich mo hinh hoi quy tuyen tinh
Mo hinh Hang sd TBHV TUOI CPPHAN CPTHUHOACH
CPTUOi CPGIONG Bien phg thudc
Sd ma'u He sd xac djnh (R^)
Sig.F
H#sd 1,57 446813,82 -55655,03 0,95 0,78 1,63 -1,61 THU NHAP
200 0,78 0,000
Gia tri t 4,92™
0,84ns -1,70*
3,16*"
1,91*
0,49ns -0,36ns
Nguon: Ket qud svt ly md hinh hdi quy ndm 2015 Ghi chu: Vdi ***, **, *, ns tuong vtng lan luot la mvtc y nghia 1 %, 5%, 10%, khong y nghia
se lam thu nhap giam di 55655,03 ddng, cac ye'u Id' edn lai thi cd' dinh. Didu nay co thd giai thich Id qua trinh canh lac dl ndng hd cd sff dung cdng lao dpng nha d cae khau nhrf bdn phdn, phun thud'c, trfdi tidu vd cdy dt can nhieu ngay cdng dd thrfc hien edc khdu ndy (each 10 ngay se bdn phan va phun thud'c 1 idn, each 3 ngay trfdi lidu 1 Ian), vi vay ddi hdi ndng hd phai cd sffc khde td't de dam bao cdc khau cham sdc dat hieu qua.
- Chi phi phan: Khi tang mdt ddng ehi phi phdn se lam lang 0,95 ddng Idi nhuan, edc ye'u to khdc cd' dinh. Dieu nay chffng td rang vide sff dung phan bdn ciia ndng hp irfdng dd'i hdp ly vd edy dt la loai cay thich phan hffu cd.
- Chi phi thu hoach: Khi tang mpl ddng chi phi thu hoach se lam tang 0,76 ddng idi nhuan, cdc ye'u to' khde cd' dinh. Chi phi thu hoach bdng nang sud't nhdn vdi gia thue hai dl, gid thue dt d dia ban nghien cffu trung binh khoang 4.000 ddng/kg. Chi phi thu hoach tang cung ddng nghTa Id nang sua't dt tang chinh, vi vdy se lam cho thu nhdp tdng.
So 2-Thdng 2/2019 69
TAP CHl CtNG THtfllNt
Bang 4. Chi phi va thu nh$p trang blnWI .OOOm^ ciia nong h$ trong «
DVT- 1.000 ddng
Chl tieu
Chi phi phan Chi phi thudc Chi phi gidng Chi phi lam ddt, tu rom
Chi phi iao ddng Chi phi tudi tieu Chi phi thu hoach
Chi phi thu^ dat Tong chi phi Lao ddng gia dinh (ngay cdng)
Gia ban (ddng/Kg) Nang sudt (tan)
Doanh thu Lai nhu$n
Cdng dSi nha Trung binh
4115,63 1529,50 688,50 776,25 2843,13 665,62 8035,00 0,00 18653,63
50,05 12,80 2,06 26368 7.717,37
%
22,06 8,20 3,69 4,16 15,25 3,57 43,07 0,00 100.00
Cong dfi thue Tmng binh
4115,63 1529,50 688,50 776,25 2843,13 665,62 8035,00 4106,25 22759,88 50,05 12,80 2,06 26368 3.608,12
%
18,08 6,72 3,03 3,41 12,49 2,92 35,30 18,04 100,00
Ngudn: So lieu dieu tra trUc tie'p ndng ho ndm 2018
trdi nhieu hdn. Chi phi phdn bdn chie'm khodng 22% trong tdng chi phi. Hau he't ndng hd sff dung phan NPK, Ure, Super lan, DAP... Theo thdng tin didu tra ndng hd cho rang, lieu Iffdng bdn phdn cho edy dt Iffdng dd'i nhieu, each 10 ngay bdn mdt idn, vi vay ehi phi phdn bdn trung binh khoang 4 trieu ddng/l.OOOm^. Gan lien vdi chi phi phdn bdn la chi phi thud'c bao vd thffc vat khdng the thie'u trong san xud't dt. Cft Id loai cay trdng dd anh hffdng thdi tie't va dich benh nen lieu Iffdng thud'c sff dung cho cay dt nhieu hdn edy hoa mau khac. Theo ndng hp trdng dt thi dich benh xud't Men nhidulrencay dt la thd'icay, heola xanh, gi sat, sdn thff, nd trdi..., vi vay chi phi thud'c trung binh hp sff dung eho cay dt khoang 1,5 trieu ddng/1.OOOm^
De cdy dt phat trien td't theo ndng hd thi khau chpn cay gid'ng rd't quan trpng, phan Idn ndng hd
dffdc phdng va'n chpn dt chi thidn vi dd trdng, cho nhieu trai va dd ban. Vd cdy gio'ng, mdt sd it ndng hd mua edy gid'ng Iff nhffng hd trdng edy gid'ng, phan Idn thi trf trdng cay gid'ng bang cdch mua hat gid'ng tff dai ly hodc thrfdng Idi, sau dd thffc hidn eac cdng doan trdng cdy gio'ng (Vd bin
• bo hat - tffdi nffdc). Chi phi trung binh cay gid'ng cho I .OOOm^ khoang 650 nghin ddng chid'm 3,6%
trong tdng chi phi. Ben canh vide trdng cdy gidng la khau lam da't va tu rdm, ndng hd thud ngffdi len lip, xdi dd't giup dd't tffdi xd'p hdn. Sau khi trdng cay giong la cdng doan tu rdm giup ban che thodt hdi nrfdc cho cay. Chi phi lam dat, tu rdm trung binh khoang 750 nghin ddng/l.OOOm^ chidm khoang 4% trong tdng chi phi.
Trong qua trinh sinh trrfdng cay dl cIn mdt Irfdng nffdc nhd't dinh, tuy nhidn hidn nay thdi tidt nang ndng keo dai, vi vay ndng hd tang so' Ian
68 So 2-Thang 2/2019
tffdi tidu lam chi phi tffdi tidu tang hdn so vdi cdc nam trffdc. Qua didu tra thi phan Idn ndng hd sff dung gie'ng khoang de iffdi lieu nen chi phi tffdi dffdc linh bang Iffdng didn tidu thu tren mot thdng, each ba ngay trfdi mdt lan. Vi vay chi phi trfdi tidu trung binh khoang 650 nghin ddng/l.OOOm^, chie'm khoang 3,5% trong tdng chi phi. Bdn canh cac chi phi ndu trdn thi chi phi lao ddng khoang 2,8 tridu ddng/l.OOOm", chid'm khoang 15% trong tdng chi phi. Chi phi lao dpng nha baogdmsd'ngay trfdi lieu, sd'ngay bdn phan va xit thud'c. Tren dia ban nghien cffu, ngoai nhffng ndng hp canh tdc dd't nhd cdn cd nhffng nong hd thud dd't, vi vdy ddi vdi nhffng ndng ho sff dung dd't thud sau khi tinh he'l cac chi phi dau vao edng them chi phi thud da't. Chi phi thud da't trung binh khoang 4 tridu ddng/1.OOOm^ Sau khi cdng lai cde loai ehi phi, la linh dffdc tdng chi phi ma ndng hd san xua't dt phai bd ra khoang 18 trieu ddng/l.OOOm- dd'i vdi cdng nhd, 22 tridu ddng/l.ODOm^ dd'i vdi cdng thue. Chi phi sdn xud't trfdng dd'i Idn ddi hdi ndng hd phdi ed ngudn vd'n de phuc vu san xua't.
Doanh thu trung binh ndng hd dat drfdc khoang 26 trieu ddng/l.OOOm-. Sau khi trff di chi phi thi Idi nhuan ndng hp nhan dffdc khoang 7,7 trieu ddng/l.OOOm^ dd'i vdi cdng nha, 3,6 tridu ddng/l.OOOm^ doi vdi cdng thud.
4.2.2. Cdc yeu td dnh hudng den thu nhap cda ndng ho trdng dt
Vdi Sig F = 0,000 ra't nhd so vdi mffc y nghia a = 5% nen md hinh hdi quy cd y nghTa.
Hd so' xac dinh R^ = 78%, cd nghia la 78%
mffc dp bie'n dpng ciia thu nhdp se dffdc giai thich bdi cae bid'n liet kd trong md hinh vdi mffc y nghia Ihd'ng ke 1%, 10%; cdn lai 22% dffdc giai thich bdi cac bid'n khde ngoai md hinh. Ta cd ham thu nhdp nhrf sau:
Y = 1,57 + 446813,82X1 - 55655,03X2 + 0,95X3 + 0,78X4 + 1,63X5 - 1,61X6 Phrfdng trinh hdi quy drfdc giai thich nhrf sau:
Hau he'l cdc bid'n ed md'i quan he ty Id thudn vdi thu nhap nhff trinh dd hpc va'n, chi phi phdn, chi phi thu hoach, chi phi tffdi tieu, cdn lai bid'n tudi va chi phi gid'ng ed ly le nghich vdi thu nhap. Tuy nhien, bid'n trinh dp hpc van, chi phi tffdi, chi phi giong khdng cd y nghia thd'ng ke.
- Tudi ciia ndng hp: Khi chu hd tang len 1 tudi
Bang 5. Ket qua phan tich mo hinh hoi quy tuyd'n tinh
Md hinh Hang sd TBHV TUOi CPPHAN CPTHUHOACH
CPTUOi CPGiONG Bien phu thudc
Sdmau H§ sd xac dmh (R^)
Sig.F
H $ s d 1,57 446813,82 -55655,03 0,96 0,78 1,63 -1,61 THU NHAP
200 0,78 0,000
Gia tri t 4,92*"
0,84ns -1,70*
3,16***
1,91*
0,49ns -0,36ns
Nguon: Ke't qud su: ly md hinh hoi quy ndm 2015 Ghi chii: Vdi ***, **, *, ns lUOng i^ng lan lugt
la miic y nghia 1%. 5%, 10%, khdng ^ nghia
se lam thu nhdp giam di 55655,03 ddng, cdc ye'u Id' cdn lai thi cd' dinh. Dieu nay cd the gidi thich la qua trinh canh lac dt ndng hd ed sff dung cdng Iao ddng nha d cac khau nhff bdn phdn, phun thud'c, trfdi lieu va cdy dt can nhieu ngay cdng de thrfc hien cac khau nay (cdch 10 ngay se bdn phdn va phun thude 1 lan, cdch 3 ngdy trfdi tidu I lan), vi vay ddi hoi ndng hp phdi cd sffc khde td't de dam bao cae khdu cham sdc dat hidu qua.
- Chi phi phdn: Khi tdng mpl dong chi phi phdn se lam tang 0,95 ddng Idi nhuan, cdc yd'u td'khde c6' dinh. Dieu ndy chffng to rang vide sff dung phan bdn ciia ndng hd tffdng dd'i hdp If va edy dt Id loai cay thich phan hffu cd.
- Chi phi thu hoach: Khi tang mdt ddng chi phi thu hoach se lam tang 0,76 ddng Idi nhuan, cdc ye'u td'khac cd'dinh. Chi phi thu hoach bang ndng sua't nhdn vdi gid thud hai dl, gid thud dt d dia bdn nghien cffu trung binh khoang 4.000 ddng/kg. Chi phi ihu hoach tang cung ddng nghia la nang sua't dt tang chinh, vi vdy se lam cho thu nhap lang.
So 2-Thdng 2/2019 69
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
4.4. Mdt sd'giai phdp giup ndng cao thu nhqp cua ndng hd trdng dt d huy$n Phu Tdn tinh An Giang
- Ndng hd mud'n thanh edng vdi md hinh canh tae dt thi ngoai kinh nghidm, cdn phai cd kie'n thffc vd trdng trpt, tham canh. Do do, ndng hd ndn thrfdng xuydn tham drf cae Idp tap huan kid'n thffc trdng trpt, cae Idp quan ly kinh doanh va tie'p thi san pham.
- Ndng hp nen tham gia cae hdi thao ddu bd vd tham quan cde md hinh trdng dt cd hidu qua dd hpc hdi dffdc nhieu kinh nghidm gdp phan gidm chi phi dau trf, nang cao nang suat dt.
- Tudi ndng hp cung quyd't dinh dd'n thu nhap tdng hay giam, dd'i vdi md hinh canh tdc dt khuyen khich nhffng ndng hd co do tudi drfdi 40 vi edy dt cd nhieu ngay cdng eham sdc va thu hoach.
- Tao didu kien cho ndng dan vay vd'n thuan Idi kd't hdp vdi chuyen giao ky thudt cho ndng dan, hffdng ddn ndng dan nhffng kid'n thffc quan ly cd bdn dd ndng dan ed kha nang sff dung ddng vd'n hieu qud.
- Td chffc tap hud'n chuyen giao ky thudl va hd trd gid'ng dt chi thien, vdt trf ndng nghidp, giup ndng hp phdt trien md hinh vi cay dt mang lai kinh td' cao. Can ed Idp lap danh ridng cho nhffng ndng hd mii chff va cap 1.
- cdn cd chinh sdeh hd trd tien didn cho nhffng
ndng hd sdn xua't dt dd giam chi phi tffdi tieu vd can cd phrfdng an tffdi tidu khac ngoai khai thac mach nffdc ngam de dam bao cho ndng ddn cd du nffdc de tffdi tidu.
5. Kd't luSn
Nhin chung, ndng hp san xua't dt d An Giang nhidu nhd't d dd tudi dffdi 40, so nam kinh nghidm tff 6 dd'n 10 nam chie'm ty Id cao nha't, trinh do hpc vd'n ciia ndng hd chii yd'u la cd'p 1. Trong qud trinh san xua't dt, ngffdi ndng ddn thffdng dau tff Irfdng vd'n vdo ehi phi san xua't trong do chi phi thu hoach la cao nha't khoang 8 trieu ddng/1.OOOm^ chi phi thu hoach ty le thudn vdi nang sua't, gid thud Iao ddng thu hoach dt cd' dinh su^l vu la 4.000 ddng/kg. Mdi vu, ndng hd trdng dl trdn didn lich dd't thue ed chi phi san xud't cao hdn ndng hd sdn xua't da't nha do phai tra them tidn thud da't mdi vu khoang 4 trieu ddng/l.OOOm-. Ndng hd trdng c6 didn tich da't nha Idi nhuan khoang 7,7 tridu ddng/1.OOOm^ ndng hp thud dat cd Idi nhudn khoang 3,6 trieu ddng/1.000m=, Qua phdn tich cdc nhdn id anh hrfdng de'n thu nhap cua ndng hd cho thd'y, bie'n tudi ehu hp, chi phi phan, chi phi thu hoaeh dnh hrfdng dd'n thu nhap, bid'n tudi ty le nghich vdi thu nhdp, bie'n ehi phi phan vd chi phi thu hoach ty Id thudn vdi thu nhdp; bid'n trinh dp hoc vd'n, chi phi tffdi, ehi phi giong khdng cd S nghia thd'ng kd •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'https://nongnghiep. vn/nong-ngh iep-an-giang-nang-chat-luong-san-pham -posl2l4688.html
TAI UtV THAM KHAO:
;. Hoang Trong & Chu Mdng Ngoc. (2008). Phdn tich dQ lieu nghien cdu vdi SPSS. Ha Ngi: NXB Thdng ke.
2. Nguyin Viet Anh vd ctv. (2010). Nhdng nhdn td dnh hudng de'n thu nhdp ho ndng ddn cd vdn vay d huyen Qudng Trach tinh Qudng Binh. Tap chi Khoa hgc Dai hoc Hue sd 62.
3. Nguyen Tie'n Dung vd ctv. (2014). Cdc ye'u tddnh hudng de'n thu nhdp cda ngUdi trong lua 6 Can Tha. Hoc vi$n Chinh tri khu vUc IV.
4. Nguyin Qudc Nghi vd ctv. (2011). Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den thu nhdp cua hd gia dinh 6 khu vi^c ndng thon huyen Trd dn, tinh Vinh Long. Tap chi Khoa hoc Kinh te sd 5 (23), Irang 30-36.
70 So 2-Thang 2/2019
Ngay nhSn bai: 4/1/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sil'a chifa: 14/1/2019 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 24/1/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
ThS. BUI THI MY HANH
BO mdn Kinh td' Tdng hdp, Khoa Kinh td' va Quan tri kinh doanh Trtf&ng Dai hpc An Giang
FACTORS IMPACTING THE INCOME OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS WHO GROW CHILLI
IN AN GIANG PROVINCE
• Master. BUI THI MY HANH Department of General Economics Faculty of Economics a n d Business Management
An Giang Unlverlsty ABSTRACT:
This study aims to analyze the determinants of income of farm households who grow chilli in An Giang Province. The study was carried out by analysing the primary data which were randomly collected from 200 farm households. The analysis' goals include the production situation of farm households, factors impacting on the income of farm households and proposing solutions to increase the income of farm households who harvest chilli in An Giang Province.
The study's results show that the income of these farm households is impacted by internal factors, such as the age of householder, fertiUzer cost and harvesting cost.
Keywords: Factors affecting, farm household. An Giang Province.
So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019 71
