NGHIEN ClfU CAC YEU TO ANH HlTOfNG DEN DONG LlJC LAM VIEC CUA CAN BO CONG NHAN VIEN TAI CONG TY TNHH
MTV ccf KHI - HOA CHAT 14
• NGUYEN MINH TUAN - N G U Y I N THANH DUCJNG
TOM TAT:
Bai viet tim hieu va xde dinh cac yeu to' chinh anh hrfdng de'n ddng Iffc lam vide cua can bd cdng nhdn vidn (CBCNV) lai Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cd khi - Hda cha'l 14. Ket qua nghidn crfu cho thay cd 4 ye'u td tac dpng chinh dd'n ddng Irfc lam vide cua CBCNV tai Cdng ty Id: Thu nhap phuc ldi, didu kien Iam viec, ddng nghiep va ddo tao thang tien.
Tff khda: Ddng Irfc lam viec, Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cd khi - Hda chat 14, thu nhdp phuc ldi.
I. Dat vd'n dd
Trong nen kinh Id' thi trrfdng ngay nay, nha quan iri khdng chi canh ttanh vd san pham, dich vu ma cdn canh tranh vd ngudn nhdn Irfc. Ngudn nhan Irfe ludn drfpc coi Id nhdn td'quan irpng, cd't ldi de giup doanh nghiep ldn tai vd phdt trien.
Mud'n tdn tai va phdt trien ben vffng khdng cd con drfdng nao bang con drfdng quan tri nhdn srf mdt cdeh hidu qua. Cdng ty TNHH MTV CP khi - Hda cha'l 14 la Cdng ty trrfc ihudc Bd Qud'c phong, ngoai nhiem vu chinh la sdn xud't san ph^m phuc vu qudc phdng, an ninh qud'c gia cdn san xual, kinh doanh cac mat hang kinh te'. Vide nghien cffu ve tao ddng Iffc cho CBCNV Id rd'l can thid't trong thdi diem hien tai, vi hp la nhffng ngrfdi trrfc tiep san xua'l ra san pha'm cho Cdng ty, ddng gdp phan Idn vao doanh thu cua Cdng ty. Vdi nhan thffc dd, viec nghien cffu cac ye'u to anh hffdng de'n dpng Iffc lam vide cua CBCNV tai Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cd khi - Hda cha't 14 Id ed y nghia thrfc tidn, giiip Cdng ty sff dung ngudn nhan Irfc mdt each hieu qua hdn.
II. Cd sof ly thuyet va md hinh nghien ctfu 1. Cdsdlyluan
Theo Bedeian (1993), dpng Irfc la srf cd gang de dat drfdc muc tieu. Higgins (1994), dong Iffc la Iffc day tff ben trong cd nhan de dap ffng cac nhu cau chrfa drfde thda mdn. Ddng Irfc la sff san long the hien mffc dp cao cua nd Irfc dd hffdng tdi cac mue tidu cua td chffc, Irong dieu kidn mdt sdnhu cau ca nhan drfdc thoa mdn theo kha nang nd Irfc ciia hp", theo Robbins (1998).
Ddng Irfc lam viec cua ngffdi lao ddng hay nh5n vidn ed thd xud't phdt Iff ndi tai bdn ttong hoac tCt ben ngoai tdc ddng vao ngrfdi lao ddng. Mdt nhdn vidn cd ddng Irfc lam vide thd Men viec ngffdi do ddn hd't tdm tri vd srfc Irfc dd hoan Ihdnh cdng viec va dat dffpc muc tieu de ra.
Da cd nhieu nha khoa hpc nghien crfu vd ddng Iffc lam viec ciia nhan vidn, ngffdi lao dpng lao srf gan bd ngffdi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep (DN) nhrf:
Nghidn cffu cua Kenneth S.Kovach (1987) difi ra md hinh 10 yd'u to ddng vien CBCNV: (1)
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Cdng vide dn dinh, (2) Cdng vide thii vi, (3) Dieu kidn ldm vide, (4) Drfpc cdng nhdn day dff edng viec da lam, (5) Lrfdng eao, (6) Srf gdn bd cua cdp trdn vdi nhdn vidn, (7) Srf giiip dd cua ca'p tren, (8) Srf thang tie'n va phat trien nghe nghiep, (9) Srf Irf chu trong cdng viec, (10) Xff ly ky ludt kheo leo, te' nhi. Ke'l qua ciia nghien crfu la cdc ydu id ttdn deu anh hrfdng dd'n ddng Irfc ldm vide ciia CBCNV.
Md hinh nghidn crfu cua Nguyen Thi Phrfdng Dung vd Nguyen Hoang Nhff Ngpc (2012) da xac dinh cde nhan Id' lac dpng de'n dpng iffc lam viec ciia cdc nhdn vidn khd'i vdn phdng, cd 2 nhdm yeu id tdc ddng dd'n ddng Iffe lam vide eua nhdn vidn, nhdm ye'u Id'ben ngoai gdm: IffPng bdng, dieu kidn lam vide, md'i quan hd vdi ddng nghiep, sff hd trp cua cap trdn, chinh sach phong trdo cua td chrfc. Iff hao ve td chffc, cdng doan; nhdm ye'u tdbdn trong gdm: cdng vide thu vi,cdng vide thff thach, phan hdi, cd hdi hpc tap va thang tien, cam giac dffdc the hien, stf cdng nhan ke'l qua lam vide, muc tidu edng vide. Kd't qua phdn tich cho thd'y, cdc bie'n: Cd hpi hpc tap va thang tie'n, cam gidc dffdc the hien va sff hd trd cua cd'p ttdn ed tac ddng ty Id thuan de'n hanh vi thrfc hidn cdng vide va nhan to "cam gidc drfdc the hien " la nhan id anh hrfdng nhieu nhd't dd'n hanh vi ldm vide.
Nghien crfu cua Ha Nam Khanh Giao va Hodng Vdn Minh (2016) da drfa ra md hinh 7 ye'u td cd tac ddng drfdng dd'n dpng lu'c Idm vide, la:
Thu nhdp vd phuc Ipi, dieu kien lam viec, md'i quan hd vdi ddng nghiep, cdn bdng giffa edng viec vd cupc sd'ng, srf hd trd cua cd'p trdn, cdng nhdn thanh lieh, c6 hdi dao tao va thang tie'n. Tff do, nghien crfu de xua'l cdc giai phap dd'n ban lanh dao cdng ty nhdm ndng cao ddng Irfc ldm vide eua CBCNV,
2. Mo hinh nghien cdu vd gid thuye't Tff cdc 1^ thuye't vd mpl so' md hinh nghidn cffu trffdc day, tac gid de xud't md hinh nghien cffu gdm 7 ye'u id' dnh hrfdng de'n dpng Irfc lam viec cua CBCNV tai Cdng ty TNHH MTV Cd khi - Hda chd't 14, gdm: Thu nhdp phiic Ipi (TN);
Lanh dao (LD), Ddo tao thdng lien (TT); Quan hd ddng nghiep (DN), Didu kien lam viec (DK);
Ban chd't cdng vide (CV) va dat 7 gia Ihuye'l Iffdng ffng vdi 7 bie'n ddc Idp cd tdc ddng drfdng dd tid'n hanh nghien cffu.
III. Phtf(mg phap nghidn cvla
Bai vid't sff dung phffdng phap nghien crfu hdn hdp dinh tinh va dinh Iffdng. Nghidn cffu dinh tinh drfdc sff dung de phdng va'n sdu 4 chuyen gia va thdo luan vdi 6 thanh vien nham xdc dinh md hinh nghidn crfu va thang do. Nghidn effu dinh Iffdng de xdc dinh mffc dp anh hrfdng ciia cdc yd'u id'.
Ngoai ra, bai vie't sff dung phrfdng phdp la'y mdu phi xac sud't, thuan tidn. Kich c5 mau drfpc ap dung theo Hair etal (2006) vdi n > 5* tdng sd'bid'n quan sat. Trong bang cdu hdi cd 33 bid'n quan sal, nhrf vdy n > 5*33 = 165. Dd dam bao dp tin cay cho nghien cffu, tac gia phdt ra 200 phid'u vd thu hdi ve drfde 186 phid'u hpp le drfa vao kiem dinh, phdn lich bang phan mem SPSS 20.0.
IV. Ke't qua nghidn cvlu va thao lu$n 1. Kit qud kiem dink Cronbach's Alpha Kd't qua kiem dinh dp tin cdy cdc bid'n ddc lap deu cd Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6, cae bid'n qua sat deu cd mdi tffdng quan bie'n tdng > 0.3. Ngoai trff bid'n CV4cdhd so'trfdng quan bien tdng = 0,241 <
0.3 ndn loai bid'n ndy va kidm dd tin cdy Ian 2 thi Cronbach's Alpha cua bid'n CV = 0715. Nhrf vdy, sau khi kiem dinh dp tin cay Cronbachs Alpha thi 7 bid'n ddc lap edn lai 29 bid'n quan sat dat yeu cau drfa vao phan tich nhdn to kham pha (EFA).
2. Kiem dinh EFA
2.1. Phdn tich nhdn to cho hie'n doc lap Kiem dinh KMO = 0,817 > 0,5, cho thd'y rang ke't qud phdn lich yd'u td' la ddm bao dp tin edy.
Ddng thdi thd'ng ke Chi - Square ciia kiem dinh BarleU dat gid tri 1890,452 vdi mrfe f nghia Sig. = 0,000 (< 0,05) va cd thd kd'l ludn EFA la phu hdp.
Phan tich phrfPng sai Inch cho thd'y phrfdng sai trich dal 67,393% bid'n thidn cua dff lieu drfpc giai thich bdi 7 nhdn to. Dae didm dffng khi trich edc yd'u id tai yd'u to thff 7 vdi Eigenvalue =1,019. Vdi phep xoay Varimax, ta tha'y edc bid'n quan sat ed he sd' tdi yd'u id cua mdi bid'n quan sdt deu ldn hdn 0,5, cho tha'y rang cac bien quan sat deu the hien dffdc srf anh hffdng vdi edc yd'u id ma bidn nay bieu didn.
Nhff vay, sau khi tid'n hdnh phdn tich nhdn Id' kham phd EFA, cd 4 bie'n quan salbi loai la CVl, CV2, CV3 va LDI, vi cde bid'n ndy cd he sd' tai
< 0,5 vd so'bid'n quan sdl dffdc giff lai la 25 bien quan sdl.
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Bang 1. Ma trqn xoay nhan to
Khai
Dieu kl^n lam v l ^
€ » > « . tien
Khen thudng
nghidp
Lanh dao
Thu phOcMI
CHC dal lupng thSng ke
BIS'n quan s i t
DK1 ora DK2 DK4 n i TT3 n2 TT4 KT1 KT2 KT4 KT3 DN1 BN2 DN3 eN4 LE13
LD4 LBS LB2 TK1 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN2 Eigenvalues Phuang sai trich (%)
Cumulalive % Sig.
KMO
Nhan t f i thdnh phSn
1 0,766
0,764
0,763
0,739
6,173 2
0,857
0,819
0,679
0,607
3,172 12,689
3
0,799
0,79
0.766
0,729
1.886 7,543
4
0 , M 5
0,792
0,684
0.55B
1,7B1 7,122
5
0,785
0,738
0,732
0,729
1,591 S.364
6
0,819
• , 7 5 7
0,B34
0,645
0,589
1,019 4,074 67,393 0,000 0,817
nhdn id. Thd'ng ke Chi - Square ciia kiem dinh Bartiett dal gid trj 161,410 vdi mffe ^ nghia Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05. Nhff vay, cac bidn quan sat cd iffdng quan vdi nhau \€[
tren pham vi tdng thd.
Phffdng sai trich dat drftjc 70,019%. Do dd EFA la phu hpp, dam bao dal ydu cau eho phan lich tie'p theo. Nhff vay, dpng Irfc lam vide gdm 3 bie'n la: DLl, DL2,DL3.
Bang 2. Ke't qud phan tich nhdn to (EFA) cho bien phu thudc
Bien quan sat DL1 eL2 BL3 Cronbach's Alpha
Eigenvalues Cumulative (%)
Sig.
KMO
Si/haildngtton^
c6ngvi$C:^
0,871 0,820 0,819 0,783 2,101 70,019%
0,000 0,691
Vdi phrfdng sai trich 67,393% cho bid't 6 nhdn id nay giai thich drfdc 67,393% dd bie'n thien cua dff lieu.
2.2. Phdn tich nhdn td cho bie'n phu thuoc He sd KMO = 0,691 va Sig. = 0,000. Dieu dd khang dinh gid tri KMO dam bao tinh Ihich hdp cua vide phan tich nhdn id' khdm phd vdi mffc dp y nghTa cua dff lieu drfa vdo thrfc hidn phdn lich
Nguon: Ket qud phdn tich SPSS 3. Phdn tich hoi qui tuyen tinh b^i Ke'l qua phan tich hdi quy luyen tinh cho thd'y he so' xdc dinh R^ la 0,588 va R^ dieu chinh (Adjustec R Square) la 0,579. Nhrf vdy md hinh giai thich drfpc 64,542% srf bie'n ddng ciia ddng Irfc tdm viec. Bang ph§n lich phrfPng sai cho thd'y Sig. = 0,000 chffng id rang md hinh hdi quy xSy dffng Id phu hdp vdi dff lieu thu thap dffdc va cac bid'n dffa vdo deu cd y nghia thd'ng ke vdi mffc y nghTa 4%.
Kiem tra gia dinh ve hien lrfdng da cdng tuyen thdng qua gid tri cua Tolerance hoac he sd phdng dai phrfPng sai VIF: VIF > 10, cd the nhdn xet c6 hidn trfdng da cdng luye'n.
Ke't qua phdn tich Bdng 4 cho thay, he sd phdng dai phrfdng sai VIF eua cac bien trong md Wnh d^u ra't nhd, cd gia tri trf 1,291 - 1,654 < 10. Chffng to md hinh hdi quy khdng vi pham gia Ihuydt hidn
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Bdng 3. Phan tich phi/dng sal Model summary Mo
h M 1
R .7673
R=
0,588 R' tli$u
ctiinti 0.579
D$ l$Gh chuan cua udc IU0ng
0,543
Cliange Statistics R^ttiaydoi
0,588 F thay doi
64,542 dfl
4 df2 181
Sig. F thay doi 0
TU tudng quan piian du
1,769 a. DU bao: (Hang so), X6. X2. X I , X4
b. Bien phu thu6c: Y
Ngudn: Ket qud xd ly SPSS Bong 4. Phan tich hoi qui tuyen tinh boi
Coefficients
Mo tiinh
1 (Constant)
XI X2 X3 X4
H$ so chua chuan hoa B -0,312 0,499 0.186 0.269 0,148
Sai so chuan 0,251 0,072 0,058 0.068 0,064
Hi|so chuan hoa
Beta
0,422 0.173 0.243 0,132
T
-1.245 6,932 3,192 3,958 2,301
Sig.
0,215 0,000 0,002 0,000 0,023
95.0% dO tin ciy cua tham so MOcthap
nhat -0,808 0,357 0,071 0,135 0,021
MUc cao nhat 0,183 0,641 0,301 0,403 0,274
ThShgiw c$ng tuySh DO chap
nh3n
0,615 0,774 0,605 0,696
VIF
1,626 1,291 1,654 1,437
trfpng da cdng tuydn, md hinh cd y nghia thdng ke.
Phuong trinh hoi quy chua chudn hda:
DL = - 0,312 -I- 0,499*TN + 0,186*DN + 0,269*DK + 0,148*TT Phuang trinh hoi quy chudn hoa:
DL = 0,422*TN + 0,243*DK -l-0,I73*DN + 0,I32*TT V. Ke't luan va dd xudTt ham y quan tri 1. Ke't lu4n
Nghien cffu da kidm dinh srf khac bidt giffa cac nhdm nhdn vien theo: Gidi linh, dp tudi vd thdi gian lam vide tai cdng ty khdng cd sff khac biet ve 'y nghia thdng ke trong vide tdc ddng dd'n ddng Irfe lam vide eua CBCNV.
Gid tri trung binh (Mean) ciia 4 ye'u id anh hffdng de'n ddng Iffc Idm vide cua CBCNV la: Thu nhdp, phuc ldi mean = 3,58; Dieu kidn lam vide cd mean = 3,52; Ddng nghidp cd mean = 3,39; Dao tao va thang lie'n cd mean = 3,58.
2. Hdm y quan tri
De tao ddng Iffc lam vide cho CBCNV, Cdng ty nen cd nhffng chinh sach nhff sau:
Ddi vdi thu nhdp phuc loi: Ngoai cdc chinh sdch phiie ldi theo quy dinh cua nha nffdc nhff: Bao hidm y le', bdo hiem xa hdi, chd' dd nghi Id, Td't... Cdng ty ndn dae bidt quan lam de'n nhrfng khia eanh khac nhff tham gia bao hiem gdi ca nhan se giup CBCNV cam tha'y dffdc quan tdm vd gan bd vdi cdng vide nhidu hPn, de ra chinh sdch tang thu nhdp hang nam cho CBCNV; Linh boat trong vide sap xe'p ca Idm vide de tranh nhdn vidn lam cd' dinh mdt ca va lao didu kidn cho nhffng CBCNV mud'n thay ddi ca ti'ffc
Ddi vdi dieu kien ldm viec: Cdng ty nen cd ke hoaeh trang bi them mpt sd thie'l bi can thid't nhff:
may tinh, may in, didn Ihoai... tranh linh trang chdm trd, cdng vide dinh tre; Dd dam bao an loan cho CBCNV, Cdng ly can quan tam de'n viec ban chd' riii ro vd chay no, chap dien, phai lap ddt he thdng lap cdnh bao dung chuan; Bd' tri nhidu cay xanh, khu vffc lam vide sach se, rdng rai, tdeh biel giffa cac bd phdn phdng ban vdi khu vffc san xua'l.
Bdi vdi dong nghiep: Cdng ly ndn Ihrfdng xuydn id chffc cac budi giao lffu vdi tffng bd phan trong
So 2 - T h a n g 2/2019 293
cdng ly, ndn cd cdc buoi ndi chuyen, gidi thieu cdng bd' chinh sach, lieu chuan thang tid'n cu nhan vidn xua't sac, dat thanh tich td't dd lam gffdng the, cdng khai, minh bach vd rd rdng; Tao moi cho mpi ngffdi nd Irfc pha'n da'u; dieu kien id't nhd't cho CBCNV phat trien m^t
Ddi vdi ddo tao thdng tien: Cdng ty phai cdch cdng bdng •
TAI U^\5 THAM KHAO:
1. Hd Nam Khdnh Giao vd Hodng Vdn Minh (2016). "Cdc ye'u td dnh hudng de'n dpng lUc ldm viec cua cdng nhdn tai Cdng ty Dien lUc Tdn Thudn", Tgp chi Cong Thuong sd 10/2016.
2. Hodng Trgng, Chu Nguyin Mdng Ngpc (2008). Phdn tich dd lieu nghien cdu vdi SPSS tap 1, tap 2. Trudng Dgi hpc Kinh ti TP. Ho Chi Minh. NXB Hong Ddc.
3. Nguyin Thi Phuong Dung & Nguyin Hodng NhuNgpc (2012). "Anh hudng cda ddng ca ldm viec de'n hdnh vi thuc hien cdng viec cua nhdn viSn khdi vdn phong tgi Thdnh pho' Cdn Tha", Tgp chi Khoa hpc 2012, Trudng Dgi hpc Cdn Tho.
4. Arman, F. (2009). Employees motivation at Areco India manufacturing private Limited, The M.B.A Degree Course of Bangalore University.
5. Farhaan Arman (2009). Employees motivation at Areco India manufacturing private Limited. The M.B.A Degree Course of Bangalore University.
Ngay nMn bai: 13/1/2019
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sd'a chffa: 23/1/2019 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 3/2/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
PGS. TS. NGUYEN MINH TUAN Cao hpc vidn NGUYEN THANH Dl/ONG Trrfcfng Dai hoc Cdng nghiep TP. Ho Chi Minh
STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORK MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES WORKING FOR 14 MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL ONE MEMBER LIMITED COMPANY
• Assoc,Prof. Ph.D NGUYEN MINH TUAN
• Masters student NGUYEN THANH DUONG Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
The study identifies and analyzes main factors affecting the work motivation of employees working for 14 Mechanical and Chemical One Member Limited Company. The smdys results show dial die work motivation of these employees are influenced by four main factors, namely salary &
benefits, working conditions, colleagues and training & promotion
Keywords: Work motivation, 14 Mechanical and Chemical One Member Limited Company, salary and benefits.
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