^ f l C VAN DC Xfl HQI Vfl PHflT TRI^N S^N V O N G
CHiNH SACH VIEC LAM 0 VIET NAM THl/C TRANG VA DjNH H U " 6 N G HOAN Tl
l'(;s.1 S T r i n V i f l Ttin Ddi hoc Kinh ic Quoc dan
Chinh sach V ; , T lam la mot lrong chlnh sdch cu hdn cua m,n quoc gia Thong qmm»i'«[
lam vd ddm hdo viec Idm cho ngiM lao dfing. chinh sdch .„•<• ldm cd myc lifu xi hfl hmim phuc l(ri cho ngmi ddn. tlm hii-n cdng hdng xd ho: ddm hao cho ngudi dan * " " * * " * gidm dan sv Idch hiet xd hdi Chinh .^dch viir Idm a nudc ta thai gian qua ddtung bmc mm duvc muc lieu dd. my vdy. ivm cdn nhieu han i In': hill cdp can khic phl^. Bai * ' " " * ' * ? ' " ' lam ro thuc Irgng chinh sdch viec Idm d nudc la lui-n mjv. lir dd dua ra dinh hudng hoaim chinh sdch vi^c Idm tdi ndm 2020.
T i r k h 6 a : chlnh sich yi?c U m , lao dgng, nghe nghiiSp. c a cau vi?c l i m
1. T h u c t r a n g chinh sach v i f c l i m if ntro'c ta Thu nhdl, ve hodn thi^n the che phdt Irien lhi trudng lao ddng. Trong nhung nam doi m a i , nhat la giai do9n 2001 den nay, h f thong phap lu$t kinh te tiep tuc duac hoan t h i f n (Lu^t Dat dai, Lu^t Dau t u , Luat Doanh nghifp, Lu^t H(?p tac xa, Lu9t Thuc.
Luat Thucmg mai, Lu^t Pha san...) da gop phan giai phong sijrc san x u i t , tao dieu k i f n cho thj truong lao dong phat trien. Bo luat Lao dQijg, bo sung, sira doi nam 2002 va 2006, Lu^t Bao hi6m xa hpi, Lu^t Day nghe, Luat N g u o i lao dpng V i f t Nam di lam v i f c a nuac ngoai theo hpp dong, cac nghj djnh, thong t u lien quan toi lao dpng, thj trucmg lao dpng va v i f c lam da hoan t h i f n khung phap ly cho thj truang lao dpng phat trign, tang cuang ca hpi v i f c lam va hoan t h i f n quan h f lai_ dpng. Cac che dp ve tien lucmg, thu nhap, trp c5p ngay cang h c ' i i t h i f n , g6p phan nang cao nang suat lao dpng v,l cai t h i f n thu nh§p cua nguai lao dpng.
Thd hai. ve kit ndi cung cdu lao ddng H f thong dich vu v i f c lam dupc phat trign tir n5m 1992 qua Chuong trinh v i f c lam quoc gia theo Nghj quyet s6 120/1992/NQ-HDBT ngay 11/4/1992 ctia Hpi d6ng Bp truang, da tao moi trucmg phap ly phat trien dich vu k£t n6i cung- cau ve lao dpng, tang cuong co hpi d^ nguoi lao dpng ti8p can thong tin ve viec lam, l\ra chpn cong v i f c . Dac b i f t , vai viec sua Di6u 18 ciia Bp luat Lao dpng nam 1995, N g h j djnh s6 19/2005/ND-CP ngay 28/5/2005 va Nghj djnh s6 71/2008/ND-CPctia Chinh phu v8 sira d o i , b6 sung
4 0
mpt sA d i i u ctia N g h i djnh sA 19/2005mi>OI- timg buoc hoiln t h i f n h f thong khung p h i p t y * djch vii v i f c 14m. Cung v 6 i cac trung tam gi«W"
v i f c lam cong I j p , cac doanh nghidp ciing W p h i p host dpng g i f t t h i f u vifC l i m ke c i si<im9 ciia c i c doanh n g h i f p co v o n dau t u nu6c n g i *
TVnr ba. vl hd lr(r lao ddng di chuyin. CWt* I*"
da thvrc h i f n c i c chuang trinh ho trp d i ' " * " "
vung kinh te m d i ; ho i r p di dan lh(tc hifn djnlitw djnh c u doi v d i dong bao d i n Ipc thieu so { Q i ^ djnh so 33/2007/OD-TTg); Chuong trinh ilii)«nI*
vol xoa doi g i i m ngheo (thupc npi d u n g * Chuang trinh m^c tieu quoc gia ve g i i m " f ^ ^ do?n 2006- 2010). C i c chuong trinh di dan mm irng mpt phan ve t i i phan bo nguon lao d§ng, * iing nhu cau p h i t trien k i n h te vung, gop pli«"
djnh dai s6ng cho dong b i o dan tpc thieu so vaW Vf an ninh quoc ph6ng. _ j
Cac quy djnh ve c u t r u , d i n g ky hp khiu tsi * khu do t h j , cac t h i n h pho Ion ngay cang *o»8 t h o i n g , nhat l i Luat C u tru ( n i m 2007) d i md iH quyen c u trii ciia cong dan, giup cho vi$c di cmiy"
lao dpng d l dang hom. Cac chinh sich phat trien » thi, cac khu cong n g h i f p , khu che xuat, i : ^ * ' kinh te trpng d i l m . . . cung CO t i c dpng kich thich * chuyen lao dOng, n h i t I i di chuyen nong thon - *"
thj, gop phan c h u y i n djch ca cau lao dpng, n a n g * dieu ki§n ve v i f c l i m v i thu nhap cho lao dpng no"l thon.
Thu lu. vi tin dung uu dai cho sdn xudt, kin
._ -. . - ^ - J : - : -4tlrt
CRC VRN B€ XH HOI VR PHRT TRieN B€N VI
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'Jft. Thdng qua vifc ban hanh gin 20 chinh sich ling uu dai, sir dyng co chl cho vay tin dyng I qua cic chuang trinh, to chuc, hgi dodn the, j ! nudc hd trg von sin xuit, kinh doanh cho cdc n yeu the nhu lao dgng ngheo, lao dgng ndng , lao dgng di lam vifc cd thdi hgn d nudc ngoii, Ipng viing chuyen doi sd dyng dat ndng nghifp, td chu:c kinh doanh thu hut nhieu lao dpng.
Ddi vdi cic c i nhin, t6 chii^c kinh doanh:
•ong trinh Vifc lim quoc gia dupc thinh lgp theo . li quylt so 120/1992/NQ-HDBT ngiy 11/4/1992
Hpi ddng Bp trudng cd ngi dung cung cip cic in vay vdi lai suat uu dai de doanh nghifp vi hg dinh tgo vifc lim v i xuit khiu lao dgng.
Ddi vdi ngudi lao dgng: Nha nudc dd ban hinh eu chinh sich tin dyng uu dii cho ngudi ngh^o, ldi dan tgc thieu so, ngudi khuyet t$t, thanh nien:
trg hf ngheo vay von phat triln sdn xuat thdng a Chuong trinh myc tieu quoc gia xoi ddi giam h^o; Quylt djnh so 32/2007/QD-TTg ngiy 73/2007 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec cho y vdn phit triln sin xuit ddi vdi hg ddng bdo ddn c thiiu sd dgc bift khd khan; Quylt dinh so
!6/2008/QD-TTg ngdy 15/9/2008 ciia Thii tudng tiinh phii ve vay von phit trien sin xuat cho hd din c; Quylt dinh sd 71/2009/QD-TTg ngiy 1/4/2009 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyft D I I Hd trg cdc huyfn ngheo day mgnh xual khau lao ing gdp phan gidm ngheo bin v&ng giai doan )09- 2020.
- Ben egnh dd, nhilu chuong trinh hd trg khic rge triln khai trong thdi ky suy giam kinh tl tir )07 din nay nhdm giiip cho nhieu doanh nghifp, ic hp sdn xudt kinh doanh vugt qua giai dogn khd lan, duy tri sin xual, tri luong v i ddng bio hiem
\a hpi cho ngudi lao ddng. Quylt djnh so
^0/2009/QD-TTg ngay 23/02/2009 ciia Thu ludng Chinh phu vl vife hd trp doi vdi ngudi lao dpng mit vifc lam trong doanh nghifp g^p khd khdn do suy
*gidm kinh tl; Quylt dinh sd 92/2009/QD-TTg ngiy '08/7/2009 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve tin dyng doi vdi thuong nhan hogt ddng thuong mgi tgi viing khd khan. Mpt sd bifn phap hd trg khac nhu: miin, giim thul cho doanh nghifp, giin thdi gian ngp mpt so logi thul (Nghi quylt sd U/NQ-CP ngay 24/02/2011 vl nhiing giii phip chii yiu tgp trung kiem che lam phit, on djnh kinh te vT md, bao dim an sinh xa hdi; Nghj quylt so 08/2011/QHI3 vl ban hinh bo sung mgt solgiii phdp ve thue nham thio gd khd khan cho doanh nghifp v i ca nhan; Quylt djnh
sd 21/2011/QD-TTg ngiy 06/4/2011 vl gia hgn ngp thul thu nh|ip doanh nghifp cua doanh nghifp nhd va vda nhdm thdo gd khd khdn, gdp phin thiic diy phit triln kinh tl...), khuyin khich xuit khiu, dng trudc kl hogeh dau tu ngan sich nhi nudc ciia cic nim sau... di tic dgng tryc liep tdi vin dl duy tri vifc Idm vi thu nhgp cho ngudi lao dgng trong boi cinh suy giim kinh tl, ngudi mat vifc lim gia ting.
Thu ndm, ve dua lao dgng Viet Nam di ldm viec cd thdi hgn & nudc ngodi theo hgp ddng. Nhi nudc da hinh thinh mf t hf thong chinh sich thiic day vifc lim ngoii nude, xay dyng cic chuong trinh trgn gdi td dio tgo, eho vay von dl hd trg ngudi lao dgng khi vl nude, d$e bift li ngudi lao dpng thupc hg ngh^o:
Quyet djnh s6 365/2004/QD-NHNN vl vifc eho vay von doi vdi lao dpng di lim vifc d nudc ngoii theo hpp dong; Quyet djnh so 143/2007/QD-TTg ngay 06/7/2007 vl vifc lhanh lap, quin ly Quy hd trg vifc lim ngoii nudc; Quylt djnh so 71/2009/QD-TTg ngiy 29/4/2009 phe duyft D I dn hd trg eac huyfj ngheo diy mgnh xuat khdu lao dpng gdp phan giim ngheo ben vung giai dogn 2009 - 2020.
Thu sdu, ve cho phep lao dgng nu&c ngoai ldm Viic tgi Viet Nam. Trong xu the hdi nhap kinh le qudc tl, nhdl td khi Vift Nam di trd lhanh thinh vien eua WTO, Chinh phii da thyc hifn md ciia thj trudng lao ddng Vift Nam ddi vdi lao ddng cd ky thudt. Nghj djnh so 34/2008/ND-CP ngiy 25/3/2008 quy djnh vl tuyen dyng va quin ly ngudi nudc ngodi lam vifc tgi Vifl Nam; Nghi djnh so 46/2D11/ND-CP ngay 17/6/2011 sira ddi bo sung Nghj djnh so 34/2008/ND-CP di gdp phin dap ung nhu ciu ciia thj trudng trong nudc ddi vdi nhiing vj trt lim vifc ddi hdi trinh dp chuyen mdn cao.
2. Sanh gia chinh sach viec lam d nudc ta 2.1. Nhung thdnh tifu dgt dugc
Thu nhdl, he thdng chinh sdch duge ban hdnh ngdy cdng day du vd hodn thien.
Cic chinh sieh ve viec lam da dugc ban hdnh tuong ddi diy du trong nhilu ITnh vyc khac nhau nhu: Chinh saeh ehung vl vife lam (quyen va nghTa vy eua ngudi lao dpng ve vifc lim, trach nhifm ciia Nha nudc vl vifc ldm,...); Chinh sich hd trg dl tgo v i tu tgo vifc lam cho ngudi lao dpng (Chuang trinh muc tieu qudc gia vl vifc Iim, dy an cho vay giai quylt vifc lam...); Chfnh sich hd trg dua ngudi lao dgng di lam vife d nude ngoai (cho vay tin dung, bdi dudng kiln thue, nghi nghifp trudc khi di lao dgng d nudc ngoii,...).
KilllllP."' '.T^-^s^^.::^
iflC VflN DC Xfl HQI Vfl PHflT TRICN 6€N VUNG
Bing 1: Ty if tham gia l(rc liryni; lao dpni; theo nhiim (uii v4 gifri tinh Don vi Ilnh: %
Nli6m tu6i
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 54-59 (MA 65+
Ni\m 2(X17 Nam
38.0 81,7 96,2 97,9 97,8 97J 95,4 89,9 80,4 61.4 29,8
Nit 36.2 77,6 88,8 90,4 91,0 90,6 88,0 80,2 67,0 52,7 20,5
( lliinji 17.1 79,7 92.5 91.(1 94.3 93,9 91,5 84.8 73,2 56,6 24,3
N t a 2009 Nam
43,9 84,0 96J 97,5 97,6 96,5 94,6 89J 83,1 64,8 34,2
Ntt 43,9 75,1 86,9 90,7 91,4 90,4 88.9 83.0 70,1 56,7 22,5
Chung 43,8 79,5 91,6 94,1 94,5 93,4 91,7 86i 76,1 60,5 27,1 Ngudn: Bg LDTB&XH (2010). Xu huong viec ldm Viet Nam 2010 Vdi hf thong chinh sdch vifc lam nhu vgy da tgo trong bdi ednh lyc lugng tham gia lao dgng ngay dilu kifn thlic diy da dgng hda cdc hinh thirc kit noi edng tdng
cung cdu lao ddng thdng qua cac trung tam djch ^ vife lam. Den nay, da cd 150 trung tam gidi thifu viec lam dugc lhanh lap, binh quan moi nim lu van cho tren 603 nghin lugt ngudi tim vifc lam. Nhilu dia phuong di to chuc sin giao dich vifc lim cd hifu qui. Vifc phit triln thj trudng lao dpng da tgo dieu kifn cho ngudi dan di chuyin tir ndng thdn ra lhanh lhi AB tim kiim cie co hpi vifc lim lot hem.
Mac tinh mdi nam cd khoang 200 nghin lao dgng ndng thdn di cu tim vifc lam d dd thj vi cie khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuit, khu kinh le.
Thu hai, thdnh tun ndi bdt cua he thdng chinh sdch viec ldm Id tgo ngdy cdng nhiiu viec ldm eho
Giai dogn 2000- 2010, quy md lyc lupng lao dgng tdng mgnh, tir 39,3 trifu ngudi ndm 2000 Im 50,5 trifu ngudi ndm 2010, toe dp ting binh quan 2,6%/nam, bdng 2 lan i6c dp Idng dan so [6].
Xet vl gidi tinh, ty If iham gia lyc lupng lao d(sig ci nam vd nii diu cd xu hudng tdng, tuy nhien toe dp ting ciia nam eao hon ciia nii. Dieu niy ndi len chinh sich vifc ldm can phai chii y ddi vdi nBgic"'
Sd vifc ldm d nudc ta thdi gian qua nhin chung tdng luong doi cao. Trudc ndm 2008, so vifc lam gia tdng hing ndm binh qudn dgt tu 1,01- I,l6trifu vifc lam/ndm, Ndm 2008, khung hoing kinh ll ^ lam cho so vifc lim gia tdng chgm lgi, ci nudc ciii xd hgi. CO hgi ed viec lam cua nguoi lao dgng tdng tdng them 882 nghin vifc ldm [6]. Trong boi canh lin. gidi Ida sue ip ve viic ldm cho nguoi lao dgng suy thoii kinh ll toin ciu ndm 2009, dii tang trudng
Bang 2 : Lao dpng cd vifc lam chia Iheo cac nganh kinh te
Nganh Nong nghiep Cong nghiep Djchvu Tong
2008 SOLD (nghin nguai 24.448 9.678 12.335 46.461
Tyle(%) 52,6 20,8 26,5 100
2009 SoLD (nghin nguiri) 24.789 10.284 12.671 47.744
Tyle(%) 51,9 21,5 26,5 100
2010
III
23.704 11.016 14.459 49.179
Tylf(%) 48,2 22,4 29,4
too
Ouv 2/2011
24081 10908 15389 50.378
jiMSi
47.8 21.7 30.5 100 Ngudn: - TCTK, Bp LBTB&XH: Cdc cudc diiu Ira Lao ddng vd Vl^c Idm (2000 - 2009)
- TCTK: Bdo cdo dieu Ira lao ddng vd vi4c lam 6 thdng dau nam 2011
42
CflC VflN B& Xfl HOI Vfi PHflT TRISN BCN VI Bdng 3
Nghe nghifp
Cdc nhd linh dgo trong cic ngdnh, cac cip vi cic don vj Chuyen mrai ky thugt bac cao Chuyen mdn \^ thugt bgc Ining Nhan vien (chuyen mdn sa cap, ly thugt lim vifc lgi vdn phdng, bdn giiy)
Nhdn vien djch vy ei nhan, bio vf trgt ty an toan xa hgi vi bin hang cdky thudt
Lao dgng cd ky thugt trong ndng, lam nghiep va thiiy sdn Higthii cdngcd ky thuat vi cdc tho ky thuat khdc cd lien quan Thgcd 1^ thudt lip rip vd van hinh may mdc Ihiet bi Lao Aon^ giin don Cdc n ^ e khdc khdng phan loai Tongsd
: Lao dfng dang 2007
III
273 2.051 1.322 547
3.327 2.644 5.697 1.504 28.122 137 45.579
Tvlf(%) 0,6 4,5 2,9
a
73 5,8 12,5 33 51,7
03 100
lim vifc chia theo nghe 2008
SoLD (nghin ngucxi) 403 2.008 1.804 456
3.054 2 002 629 1.708 28.55 186 46.461
Tylf(%) 0,9 43 3,9 1,0
6,6 43 13,5 3,7 61,4
03 100
aghifp 2009
III
411 2.115 1.704 625
5.928 8 84 5,52 334 19261 0 47.744
Tylf(%) 0,9 4,4 3,6 13
12,4 18,5 11,6 7,0 403
0,0 100
2010
462 2.333 1.802 660
6103 8.928 5.829 3.618 19.444 0 49.179
Tylf
(%)
0,9 4,7 3,7 13
12,4 183 11,9 7,4 39,5
0,0 100 Ngudn: TCTK. Bg LDTB&XH: Cdc cudc diiu tra Lao dgng vd Viec ldm (2000 - 2009) kinh te cua Viet Nam nam 2009 khdng cao so vdi
cdc nam trudc do nhung nen kinh te van tgo them dugc nhieu vifc lam cho ngudi lao dpng.
Nhin vio bdng 2 la thay, long sd vifc lam tdng len vd vifc lam trong nginh cdng nghifp v i djch vy lang nhanh ban nginh ndng nghifp. Dilu niy phii hap vdi qui trinh CNH, HDH. Lao dgng dang lim vifc ehia theo nghi nghifp cung cd nhihig thay ddi nhat djnh.
Dich chuyen co cau vifc lam khdng nhirng chi dien ra ve so lupng m i cdn vd chat lugng. Trong khi lao dfng dang tim vifc theo mpt so nginh nghi (nhu cic nhd lanh dgo trong cdc ngdnh, cic cip vi cac don vi; chuyen mdn ky thuat bic cao; nhdn vi8n gdm chuyen mdn so cip, k$ thugt lim vifc tgi van phdng, ban giay) dich chuyen khdng ding ke, thi d mgt so nginh nghe (nhu nhan vien djch vu c i nhan, bio vf trgt ty an todn xa hgi va ban hang cd ky thugt;
lao dpng cd ky thugt trong ndng, lam nghiep v i thuy san) tdng ding ke, nhat la troog hai nam 2009 va 2010.
Mnlilfr:>'-'^:. „_ __. ...
Lao dpng phd thdng giam c i tuong ddi v i tuyft ddi. Nim 2007, ei nudc cd Iren 28.122 nghin lao dpng ldm cie nghe giin don, chiem 61,7%. Nam 2010, giim xudng edn 19.444 nghin ngudi, chiem 39,5% tdng so lao dgng dang lam vifc. Dieu niy ndi len nudc ta dang trong qua trinh chuyen tir phit trien theo chieu rgng sang phit trien theo chilu sdu.
Lao dgng dang lam vifc chia theo vj thi cdng vifc cung cd sy thay ddi nhit dinh tir nam 2008- 2010. Lao dgng lim cdng an luong cd xu hudng tdng, nhung xu hudng nay chua chac di phin inh sy gia tang eiia nhiing co hpi vifc Iim day dii, ning suit vi viec lim ben virng. Xet theo tieu chi hieu qui lhi sy tang len niy khdng cd nghTa li tich cyc.
Lao dpng ty Idm vi lao dpng trong hd gia dinh khdng hudng lien luong, tiin cdng cdn chilm ty If Idn. Day la nhifng lao dpng "de hi ton thuong" hoac cd nguy co thiiu vifc lam thudng xuyen. Chinh sach vifc lim cin phii luu y tdi ddi tugng nay. Vifc lam ciia cic doi tugng nay thdi gian qua cd xu hudng giim. Lao dpng ty lim nam 2008 !a 21.792 nghin ngudi, chiem 46,9% so lao ddng cd vifc lim, 43
^ f l C VAN di Xfl HOI Vfl PHflT TRICN BCN VUNG
B i n g 4; Lao dOng dang Urn vifc chia theo v | t h i cAnf vl(c
long .so
Lio dpng l^n cong i n lutmg Chu DN CO tliue lao dpng LaodOnglvlim
Lao dpng tK)ng hp gia dinh kli6ng huong ticn tuong, tien cong
NhiiTig ngiriri khic
2008 ,Sol,l) (nghin nguW) 46.461
14.622 1.527 21.792
8.519 0
Tyl«(%) 100 31,5 33 46,9
183 0,0
2009 S&U3 (nghin nguiti) 47744
15.946 2.292 21.341
8.021 143
T y l « ( % )
100 33.4
4,8 44,7
16,8 03
20i;^B
III
49.119 16.951
3os;
21JI 7i5:
mm
ifl
^flH
( i
Ngudn: TCTK. Bd LDTB&XH: Cdc cudc dieu Ira Lao dfng vd Wfc Idm (2eaO-Ml den nim 2010 giim xuong c6n 21.583 nghin nguM, hu*ng ting Idn. Chi s i khoing cich nghto,liB chiem 43,9%. C6n lao dpng trong hO gia dinh khong mirc ch6nh l^ch cila chi tiiu binh quin daJm huong tien luang, tien c6ng n i m 2008 li 8.519
nghin nguai, chiem 18,3% so lao dpng c6 vifc lim, den n i m 2010 giam xupng c6n 7.553 nghin ngu6i, chiem 15,4%.
n g h i o so vdi chuAn nghto chung, djt miKmH v i o n i m 2008 (0,5% trong khu virc thJnhlkiv 4,6% so v6i khu v{/c ndng thdn).
2.2 momg hgn chi chu yiu vi nguyin M Thunhill. h ^ chl Icjn nhat li chinh sich vi(cli«
hi§n nay chu yiu m6i chu trpng din t^o trijcli theo chieu rpng, cang nhilu vifC lim cingw"
Thu ba. viec ldm tdng gdp phdn gidm ngh^o vd cdng bdngxa hpi cung duoc cdi thifn. Ty If nghio chung ciia ci nuac da giim nhanh, tir 37,4% nSm
! m n r ° " ^ ' ^ " • ' ? T ' " " ^ ™ " " '•'"'• " " " chua chu trpng d i n chit lu^ng vi«clim, vi vfrtta 2010. C a m ngheo dat dupc a ca khu w c thinh thj w, <„ k^^h ngudi lao dpng nang cao titah*"
va nong thon, ty If ngheo tir mirc tren 45% nSm ^ v nghi
1998 xuong con 13% nam 2010 [61. , ' . i < ,. Ml w - . x i > L . . ... \ , , Den thdi diem 1/7/2011, IrongtlngsohmiW V,ft Nam gan nhu dSg,a,,,uyet dupc vin dl ddi „i^„ „g„eri tir 15 tu4i trd len dang lim vi«C chid r A f . ' i T _ ' ' l ' " ' : *J; !*' ' ^ J ! . " 8 ' ' " '"™8 thuc gj„ 7,f „ij„ „ g ^ j 3 ^ „ ^ a i o tao. chilm IS>
thuc pham cdn dudi 1% (nim 2008), tuy nhien van cdn khoing gin 10% so hp thieu in, ddt btta trong khu vuc nong thon.
Hifn c i nu(5c cd 84,8% so ngudi dang lim vip chua dupc d i o t(io d l d?t mpt trinh dp chuyfti » * k J thufit ( C M K T ) n i o dd. Vi thi lim cho tinhn djnh, bin viing trong vi$c lam v i hifU quitjoW Bang 5: Ty trpng lao dpng dang l i m vifc d i qua d i o t f o den quy 2 n i m 2011
Dan vi tinh: ? Thu nhap binh quan cila hp ngh^o cung cd )
Noicuttij/viing Canute Cic viing
Tning du vi mien nui phfa Bac Dong bang song Hong (*) BSc Tmng Bp va Duyen hij mien Tmng Tay Nguyen
Dong Nam Bo (*) Dfing bang song Ciiu Long Hi Noi
Thinh pho Ho Chl Minh
T6ngs6 100.0 100,0 100.0 100,0 100,0 100.0 100,0 100,0 100,0
Kh6ngc6 CMKT
84.8 86,5 83.1 86,0 89,1 87,6 91,7 69,7 70,5
3,7 3,6 6,6 2,9 1,9 3,7 1,8 53 6,1
4,4 4,0 4,1 3,7 2,8 23 5,8 3,0
2,0 1,9 1,8 1,4 1,4 0,9 2,4 2,7
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Ngudn : TCTK: Bdo cdo diiu tra lao ddng vd vifc Idm 6 thdng ddu nam 2011
•J:!';..'"liittfill
CflC VflN DC Xfl HOI Vfl PHflT TRICN BCN
VUT^9
1 cdn thap. Dd li thich thdc doi vdi ngudi lao ig trong vifc tang thu nh§p, cd co h^i tiip cgn
"^g bang ve vifc lim v i hda nhgp vdi xa hgi.
V Jhirhai, chi'nh sich vl vifc lim ban hinh cdn tin in d nhieu vin bin gay chong cheo. Cac quy djnh J*k chinh sach vifc ldm mang tinh quy phgm chua
^o, chinh sich ehu yeu hudng vao hd trg, khuyen l.ich chua ro trach nhifm ciia cie doi tugng dieu I inh eua ehinh sach. Mgt so chinh sdch ho trg vifc ' m chua dugc hudng din cy thi nhu: chinh sdch
"^ien giim thue de khuyen khich cac doanh nghifp, chdc, don vj v i c i nhan tgo vifc lam cho nhieu -'udi lao ddng; ehinh sach khuyen khich dua nhieu
*o dpng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn, ky thugt di lim 'Sfc d nudc ngodi cd thu nh^p cao; di Iim vifc tgi jic cdng trinh, dy in do doanh nghifp, to chirc, ci ban trong nudc triing thiu, nhgn thau, dau lu d udc ngoii; chinh sdch ho trg ngudi lao dgng sau Jii ve nude...
t J ,
Thu ba, chinh sdch tin dyng chua phii hgp ve dieu cif n vay vi muc vay, thieu gdn ket giira cho vay von
\ia hd trg dau vdo tiep can thj trudng nen hifu qua 3u dung vdn ehua cao. Nhieu chinh sich uu ddi tin dung chdng cheo tren ciing mpt ddi tugng gay khd khan cho vifc thyc hifn v i khd di vdo cugc sdng.
Quy qudc gia gidi quylt vifc lim ngay cing tap trung nhieu eho hp gia dinh vay von, it hd trp eie doanh nghiep de tgo them nhieu vifc idm mdi. Cie quy djnh ve Quy giai quyet vifc lim chua dugc sua ddi, bd sung kip thdi gdy khd khan trong qui trinh trien khai thuc hien
Thu lu, hf thong chinh sach hd trg lao dgng di chuyen din cic khu cdng nghifp, khu dd thj cdn thiiu. Da sd ngudi din di cu ra cic dd thj, khu cdng nghifp, khu che xuat chua dugc hudng cie chinh sich hd trp di chuyen vd dn djnh tai noi den. Trai Igi, mpt so quy dinh edn hgn chl khi ndng tiep. can cua ngudi di cu den vifc Iim tot, eic djch vy xi hpi co bin tai do thi.
Cd nhieu nguyin nhdn dan den hgn che cda chinh sdch vi$c ldm M^n nay.
Sau day cd the neu I6n mpt sd nguyen nhan ehii yeu li:
- Co sd phip ly quan trgng nhit de xay dyng cic chinh sach vifc ldm Id Bd lugt Lao ddng (Chuang II- Vifc Iim). Do Bg lugt niy dugc xdy dyng trong giai dogn nen kinh te nudc ta mdi chuyen sang van hanh theo co ehe thi trudng djnh hudng xd hpi chii nghTa nfin nhihig vin d l chu yeu cua kinh te thj trudng ndi chung vd quan hf vifc Idm ndi rieng mdi
kjniiiyfejtfe ,
chi d giai dogn so khai, chua bgc Ig het nhung yeu cau ciia nd. M$c dii da sira doi, bo sung Chuang Vifc lam cua B$ lugt Lao dpng vdo ndm 2002, dong thdi ban hdnh mdi mgt so vdn bdn Luat de kjp thdi dieu chinh cic quan hf \a hpi ve vifc Idm, song, do sy phit trien ciia nen kinh te thi trudng, cic quan hf vifc lim ngiy cing phit triln vl so lugng, phong phii vi da dgng vl hinh thire, cho nen qui trinh ban hinh, thyc hifn cic chinh sdch vifc lim di vi dang bgc Ig nhilu hgn chl, phit sinh mpt sd vin dl mdi vl quan hf vifc Idm cin dugc dieu chinh lrong mpt vdn ban Lugt thong nhal.
- Chua cd djnh hudng, quy hogeh long Ihl phdt trien vife lim dii hgn, quy hogeh phit trien vung, nginh nghi sin xuat kinh doanh cho nen sy chuyen djch CO eiu lao dpng cdn chdm, lao ddng chii yeu lam trong ITnh vyc ndng nghifp ho$c khu vyc phi chinh thirc cd ndng suit lao dpng vi hifu qua kinh te thap.
- To chuc thyc hifn cic chinh sdch vifc lam chua tot. Sy phoi hpp giiia cic ca quan Trung uong va dja phuang chua ddng bp. Cdng tie tuyen truyen, phd biin ehinh sach vifc lam di dugc cic ca quan, td chuc v i cie dja phucmg quan tam nhung hifu qui chua dupc nhu mong mudn.
Td chirc boat dgng djch vy vifc Idm chua chuyen nghifp, chua khoa hgc. Hoat ddng cua cac trung tam, doanh nghifp gidi thifu viec lam cdn qui chu trpng vio ddo tao nghe, edn hogt dgng tu van, gidi thifu vifc lam, thdng tin thj trudng lao dgng chua dugc chil trgng dung muc; Sy phdi hop hogt dpng giii'a cic trung tam gidi thifu vife lim, giira trung tam vdi eie doanh nghifp, ngudi sir dung lao dpng cdn han chl, d§c bift trong ITnh vuc cung cap thdng tin thj trudng lao dpng, do vay thdng lin lhi trudng lao dpng lao dgng ehua cd sy kit noi giiia cae viing, cic dja phuang.
Hogt dgng dua lao dpng di lim vifc d nude ngoii chua hifu qui. Cdc chuong trinh hd trg ngudi lao dpng trd ve nudc tii hda nhgp thj trucmg lao dpng trong nudc chua dupc chii trgng.
- Hifn tgi vd trong tucmg lai giii quylt viec lim phii hudng tdi van dl vl chit lugng, dim bio "vifc lim bin vQ'ng", "vifc lam xanh",... thi chi tieu "tgo vifc ldm mdi" bpc Ig nhilu hgn chl, khd khan ve phuang thuc tinh loan, khdng phan biet theo nginh nghi, gidi tinh, khu vue ndng thdn/thinh thi, khdng dam bao tinh so sanh quoc tl, dp tin cay thap, phin dnh khdng sil vdi thyc tl. Cd nhilu nguyen nhan gay nen hgn chl tren, trong dd chu yeu do: cosddi?
~ " 45
f ^ f l C VAN K. Xfl HOI Vfl PHflT TplCN BCN VONG
Bing 6: Dy bio lao d^ng cd vi(c lim Nim
S6 lao ddng cd v i ^ l i m (1000 ngi a'ri) 2015 2020 Toe do lilng binh qiian/nilm (%)
2011-2015 2016-2020
Miic ting binh quan/n.'im( 1000 ngin'ri) 2011-2015
2016-2020
C i inn's;
53248 56179
Ndng tlidn
117.1/
H n :
1.6-0,69 1.18 0,83
815 S46
-246 -283
Ihinh Ihj
ItSI
jd ' ^ ^
t
11
!
Ngudn: Tinh todn cua vien KHLD&XH lir.U) li(u diiu Ira lao ddng vifc ldm hdngnlbneiaBiU.
lifU quin ly dan cu chua cd; hf thong thdng kc bio cio chua khoa hpc; su djch chuyen lao ddng, phin tich vifc lim mdi- cu rit khd khin; tinh phip ly trong yeu ciu thuc hifn che dp thing U, bio cio chua dii sue bit bupc cac td chuc, ci nhan thuc hifn nghiem tiic...
3, Djnh hirdng hoin thifn chinh sich vifc lim ff ntrdc ta tdi n^m 2020
Theo du bio cua Bp Lao dpng, Thuong binh va Xa hpi, luc lupng lao dpng ting ch?m, giai dojin 2011- 2015 tang binh quan 860 ngin ngudi/nim;
giai dojn 2016-2020, ting 743 ngan ngudi/nim. Dc) tic dpng ddng thdi ciia giim sue ep ve luc lupng lao dpng, so vifc lam vin tiep tuc tang nhung vdi toe dp giam dan, chi djit l,39%/n5m (sp vdi mirc 2,40%/nam giai dpan 2000-2010). Tdng so lao dpng cd vifc lam tuong ung s5 li 53,25% trifu ngudi va 56,48 trifu ngudi vao cic nim 2015 va 2020. So lupng vifc lam ting trung binh 815 nghin/nim thdi ky 2011 -2015 va 646 nghin/nim thdi ky 2016-2020 [6J.
Giai dosn 2012- 2015: Binh quan mdi nim tao vifc lam mdi cho 1,6 trifu lao dpng, trong dd tir Chuang trinh muc tiSu quoc gia vl Vifc lam vi djy nghe va Chuang trinh vifc lam cdng khoing 300 nghin lao dpng (cd 200 nghin ngudi lao dpng thupc hd ngheo); chuyin ddi vifc lam cho 500 nghin lao dpng ndng nghifp; moi nim dua khoang 80 nghin lao dpng dl lim vifc d nudc ngoai theo hpp ddng (cd 30- 40 nghin lao dpng thupc hp nghep).
Giai doan 2016- 2020: Binh quan mdi nim tjo viec lam mdi cho 1,5 trifu lao dpng, trong dd tir Chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia vl Vi^c Iim vi day nghe va Chuang trinh vifc lam cdng khoing 250
nghin lao ddng (cd 150 nghin ngtrdi laodgttgnii hd nghio); chuyin d6i v i ^ lim cho 800 nghiili ddng ndng nghiip; mSi nim dua khoing 100B#
lao dpng di lim v i ^ 6 nudc ngoii theobffnl (cd 35 - 45 ngin lao dpng thudc W ngh4o).D4l*
2020, ty If lao dpng trong ndng nghijp jHn'l' 30%, ty If that nghifp chung c4 nudc duy tri W 3%, trongddty If that nghifp thinh thj ditoi4V De thuc hifn dupc cic muc lieu dd, djnhta*!
chinh sich vifc lam giai do9n 2012-2020 la:
Thu nhal, can sua ddi, bo sung Lull LaoiSng*
phii hpp vdi su phii triln kinh tl thi trudng 4i«*
ta hifn nay. Can cd quy djnlfcu Uil ve chinh si*
vifc lim chung cua Nhi nudc, trpng dd Nhin*
khdng chi cd trich nhifm tjo vifc lim mipl*'' trach nhifm djnh hudng phit triln vifC lim ItK*!
tdi thuc diy vi bio dim vifc lim bin vihig*
ngudi lao ddng; cd nhiJng quy djnh vl cie giii p'"!' cu thi ciia nhi nudc.
Thu hai. can gin kit chinh sich vifC lam vi>
chlnh qui u-inh v i k l ho?ch tdng thi ve tii cau«*
kinh tl theo hudng hifn dai v i phit Iriln bin villii chu dpng phit triln cd td chirc cic thi trudng I"
dpng cd nhieu tilm ning va hif u qui kinh te t « nhat la thj trudng lao dpng chat lupng cao ve kinhK ndng nghifp cao, kinh t l biin, cdng nghf didngU va xuit khiu lao dpng.
Dl nang cao hifu luc cua chinh sich vi|c 1«"
can cd su phoi hpp dong bp cac cap, nginh viW phuang cd lien quan; tang cudng giam sat, kieitiW vifc thuc hi$n chinh sach, phit hifn nhiing h?n * nhimg ich tich d l xiJr ly kip thdi, qua dd dl i*
chinh sich di vio cupe sdng cd hifu qua hon.
To chile tot hoat dpng djch vy viec lim. Ho?*
_^^__tii'!ii-i.ftiiiii'ia
CflC VflN DC Xfl HOI Vfl PHflT TRICN BCN VI ' M ^ De vifc triln khai dgy nghe, hpc nghi cd hifu qui kinh te thyc sy, trinh hinh thdc vd lang phi xi hgi trong qui trinh trien khai cdc de an ddo tgo nghi, cin bdo ddm dau lu dii mii'c theo yeu eau day va hge nghe, trinh tu ludng binh qudn chu nghTa nhu kilu
"phit chin", cdu ddi. Mil khdc, can tdng cudng cdng tic tuyen truyen, Hnh hogl vi thill thyc vl ngi dung va phuang thirc dio tgo nghe, gin vdi thyc te doi tugng hgc nghi, ciing nhu gin vdi chuang trinh vifc lam cy the ciia mdi dja phuong, de cic doi tupng lao dpng ndng thdn d viing sau, viing xa, nhal Id viing niii khdng bj liing tiing trong vifc xdc djnh nghe hpe, sip xIp thdi gian hpe. Hon niia, can chu y dgy nghe theo hudng tgo vifc lam tgi chd, trong dd cd dip irng nhu cau phit trien ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao, ho^c thiic diy qui trinh tii ciu true loan difn kinh te va xd hgi ndng thdn theo tinh than *'ly ndng bit Iy huong", dl ngudi lao dpng sdng d ndng thdn sau khi tot nghifp cic khda dio tgo nghe cd the tdng khi ndng va chii dpng tim kiem, tgo lgp cdng vifc, thu nhgp ngay tgi que nhi, khdng phii di xa, giam bdt ip lyc qui lii, phi kinh te len cac do thi.
Thie lu, chinh sich vifc Idm phii phal huy dugc cic ngudn lyc ciia xa hgi vao vifc tao vifc lam va dam bio vifc lim. Tang cudng huy dgng cdc nguon von cua doanh nghifp va cic td chdc eho dio tgo nang cao trinh dg ngudi lao dgng; thyc hifn cdc co che, chinh sich uu dai (gdm nhiing giai phip uu d3i ve thue thu nhgp doanh nghifp, hd trg ve dat dai vd uu dai lin dyng, bd trg ve dao lao nhdn lyc chat lugng cao thugc nginh nghe mui nhgn) de khuyen khich manh me cic doanh nghifp ddu tu cho dio tgo vdi cic hinh thdc khic nhau nhu dat hang vdi cac co sd dao tgo, ty to chiic dio lao nhdn lyc trong doanh nghifp vi thinh lip eic ca sd dao tao trong doanh nghifp dl .ddo tgo nhan luc cho bin thdn doanh nghifp va cho xa hgi; huy dpng cac ngudn vdn cua dan de dau tu xdy dung co sd ddo tgo, td chu'c cac loai quy khuyen hgc, khuyen tai...n
''*^;ua cdc trung tam gidi thifu vifc lam can chii iSj^^^dln hogt dgng tu vdn, gidi thifu vifc ldm, tin thj trudng lao dpng. Tang cudng phoi hgp T^png giGa cie trung tdm gidi thifu vifc ldm,
" ^ r u n g tdm vdi cic doanh nghifp, ngudi su dyng
• ^ n g .
"^-^li- ba, chinh sich vifc Idm can dugc thyc hifn
„„^ ddng bf vi ddng thdi, th^m chi di trudc mpt vdi eac chinh sich kinh te khdc. Dgc bift, cdng io tgo ngh8 can bam sat nhu cau thj trudng vi
^ r d c , ddn dau cdc quy hogeh phdt trien kinh te- - ^ i d cic dja phuang, nhal li nhiing dja bin cd .i^ld dd thi hda v i toe dp tii ciu tnic kinh tl-xd hpi dm bo sung cdc chinh sdch vifc lam mdi, trong gj Igc bift chii y phit triln nguon nhan lyc trinh dp . t r o n g cic nganh, ITnh vyc quan trgng, cd y nghTa
^ It djnh din hifu qua ting trudng kinh tl cao.
r kinh te ndng nghifp sir dyng cdng nghf cao, l l te bien, cdng nghf tbdng tin vi xuit khau lao ig cd ky thugt, eiing nhu khai thic tot dgi ngii lao ig tir nudc ngodi trd ve nudc sau khi kel thuc hgp ' ig lao dpng d nudc ngoai. Mil khic, edn tao mdi
*dng ip lyc cao de ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam khac
=yc anh hudng ciia lao ddng trong nen sin xuat . d, tieu ndng, manh mun, dugc hgc tgp v i ren [^fn trong cic Irudng dgy nghe trpng diem chat iflng cao, trudng dgi hgc dang cap quoc te, dugc riin ly theo muc lieu bio dam chdl lugng dio tgo .1 gan vdi nhu cau cua xa hgi.
I Tiep tyc hoin thifn vd thyc hifn hieu qui chinh .dch tin dyng uu dai phat trien sin xuat, tgo vifc iim, chinh sieh hd trg hpc nghe, hd trg ngudi lao lOng Vift Nam di lim vifc d nude ngoii theo hgp dng, uu tien cho ngudi ngheo, ngudi dan tdc thiiu o thugc cie huyfn ngheo, xa ngheo, thdn bin dge lift khd khan. Tiep luc thyc hifn chien lugc, cic huong trinh, de in ve vifc lim va day nghe, khan
•uong nghien cdu xay dung chuong trinh vifc lam ho ngudi thit nghifp, thieu vifc lim.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. TS. Nguyfin Minh Phong: Chinh sdch lao dgng- viec ldm nhin tir goc dg kinh te vTmo, Tap chl Tii chinh Dien i sfl 96 ngiy 15/6/2011.
2. Trung tam QuIc gia Dy bio vi Thdng tin thi Irudng lao dfng, Cyc Vifc lim, Bf Lao ddng, Thucmg binh vi Xa oi, Xu hudng viec lam Viet Nam 2010, ,UA'N^i;tMng 10 nim 2010.
3. Tflng cyc Thing k£, Bdo cdo dieu tra lao dgng vd viec ldm 6 thdng ddu ndm 2011, Hi Nfli 2011.
4. Vifn Khoa hpc Lao dpng vd Xd hf i, Bf Lao dfng, Thuong binh vi Xi hpi, Bdo cdo xu hudng lao dgng vd xS gi thdi icy 2000- 20W. Hi Nfli, thing 3 nim 2011.
iflC VAN DC Xfl HQI Vfl PHflT TRICN BCN VUNG
B a n g 6 : D ^ b d o l a o d p n g cd v i f c l d m
Nim
So lao dpng cd vifc lam (1000 ngudi) 2015 2020 Toe do ting binh quan/nSin (%)
2011-2015 2016-2020
Miic ting binh quan/nam( 1000 ngudi) 2011-2015
2016-2020
C i niri'ic
53248 56479
1.6 1.18
815 546
Ndng thdn
34746 33332
•0,69
•0,83
-246 -283
Thinh dij
18502 23 M7
6.99 4.58
1061 929 Ngudn: Tinh todn eua vien KHLD&XH tie sd lieu dieu tra lao dgng viec ldm hdng ndm cua Bg LDTBJdi lifu quin ly dan cu chua cd; hf thong thong ke bio
edo chua khoa hpc; sy djch chuyin lao dgng, phan tich viec lim mdi- eii rit khd khin; linh phip ly trong yeu cdu thyc hifn chl dg thong ke, bio cio chua du sue bit huge eic to chuc, ca nhan thyc hifn nghiem tue...
3. Dinh hudng hoan thifn chinh sach vifc lam
& nirdc ta tdi nam 2020
Theo dy bao cua Bp Lao dpng, Thuang binh vi Xa hdi, lyc lugng lao dpng tdng chgm, giai dogn 2011- 2015 tdng binh quan 860 ngin ngudi/ndm;
giai dogn 2016-2020, tang 743 ngin ngudi/nam. Do tic dpng ddng thdi cua giam sue ep vl lyc lugng lao dgng, so vifc lim van tiip tyc tdng nhung vdi toe dg giim dan, chi dgt 1,39%/ndm (so vdi muc 2,40%/ndm giai doan 2000-2010). Tong so lao dpng cd viec lam luong ung se li 53,25% trifu ngudi vi 56,48 trifu ngudi vio cac ndm 2015 vi 2020. So lupng vifc lam ting trung binh 815 nghin/ndm thdi ky 2011-2015 va 646 nghin/ndm thdi ky 2016-2020 [6].
Giai dogn 2012- 2015: Binh qudn mdi nim tgo vifc lim mdi cho 1,6 trifu lao dpng, lrong dd tu Chuong trinh myc ti^u quoc gia vl Vifc lim vd dgy nghe va Chuang trinh vifc Iim cdng khodng 300 nghin lao dpng (cd 200 nghin ngudi lao dgng thupe hd ngheo); chuyin d6i vifc Iim cho 500 nghin lao dpng ndng nghifp; mdi nam dua khoing 80 nghin lao dpng di Iim vifc d nudc ngoii theo hgp dong (cd 30- 40 nghin lao dgng thupc hp ngheo).
Giai doan 2016- 2020: Binh quan mdi nam tgo vifc idm mdi cho 1,5 trifu lao dgng, trong do tir Chuong trinh myc tieu quoc gia vl Vifc lim v i dgy nghi vi Chuong trinh vifc lim cdng khoing 250
nghin lao dgng (cd 150 nghin ngudi lao dpng thugc hf nghdo); chuyin doi vifc lim cho 800 nghin lao dpng ndng nghifp; mdi ndm dua khoing 100 nghin lao dpng di lam vifc d nudc ngoii theo hpp dong (cd 35 - 45 ngin lao dgng thupc hp nghdo). Din nam 2020, ty If lao dpng trong ndng nghifp giim cdn 30%, ty If thit nghifp chung cd nudc duy tri dudi 3%, trong dd ty If thit nghifp thdnh thj dudi 4%.
De thyc hifn dugc cdc myc lieu dd, djnh hudng chinh sich vifc lim giai dogn 2012-2020 Id:
Thie nhdl, cin sua doi, bo sung Luat Lao dpng de phu hgp vdi sy phdt trien kinh t l thj trudng d nudc ta hifn nay. Can cd quy djnif cy thi vl chinh sach vifc lim chung cua Nhd nudc, trong dd Nhi nudc khdng chi cd trich nhifm tgo vifc lim ma phii c6 trich nhifm djnh hudng phal triln vifc lim hudng tdi thiic day v i bio dim vifc lam ben vihig cho ngudi lao dgng; cd nhii'ng quy djnh vl cie giii phap cy Ihl cua nha nudc.
Thu hai, can gin kit chinh sdch vifc ldm vdi chinh qui trinh vi ke hogeh tdng thi vl tii cau triic kinh tl theo hudng hifn dgi va phit triln bin virng;
chii dpng phit trien cd t6 chdc cie thj trudng lao dpng cd nhieu tiem ndng v i hifu qud kinh tl cao, nhit li thj trudng lao dgng chit lugng cao vl kinh tl ndng nghifp cao, kinh te bien, cdng nghf thdng tin vd xuat khau lao dpng.
De ndng cao hifu lyc ciia chinh sich vifc latn can cd sy phoi hgp dong bg cac cip, nginh va dja phuong cd lien quan; tang cudng gidm sit, kiim tra vifc thyc hifn chinh sach, phdt hifn nhung hgn che, nhihig ach tach d l xu ly kjp thdi, qua do dl cac chinh sich di vdo cufc song cd hifu qui hon.
To chirc tdt boat dpng djch vy vifc lim. Ho?t
— JjlllflfJIlillll'ia
CflC VflN Be Xfl HOI Vfl PHflT TRICN BCN VI
'01^9
dpng cua cic trung tam gidi thifu vifc lim can chu trpng den hogt dpng tu vin, gidi thifu vifc lim, thdng tin thi trudng lao dgng. Tang eudng phoi hgp hogt dgng gi&a cdc trung tam gidi thifu vifc lim, giUatrung tam vdi cic doanh nghifp, ngudi sir dyng lao dpng.
Thuba, chinh sieh vifc lim can dupc thyc hifn trong d6ng bp vi dong thdi, thgm ch( di trudc mpt budc vdi cic chinh sich kinh te khic. D$c bift, cdng tac dao tgo nghe can bim sit nhu cau thj Irudng vi di trude, ddn dau cic quy hogeh phit triln kinh le- xd hpi d cac dja phuang, nhit li nhii'ng dja bin cd toe dp do thj hda vi toe dp tii cau true kinh te-xi hgi nhanh.
Sdm bo sung cic chinh sdch vifc Iim mdi, trong ' do dgc bift chu y phit trien nguon nhan lyc trinh dp cao trong cic nginh, ITnh vyc quan trgng, cd y nghTa quyet djnh din hifu qua tdng trudng kinh te cao, nhu kinh te ndng nghifp su dyng cdng nghf cao, kinh te bien, cdng nghf thdng tin va xual khiu lao dpng cd ky thuat, cung nhu khai thdc tot dpi ngu lao dpng tir nudc ngoai trd vl nudc sau khi kit thuc hgp dong lao dpng d nude ngodi. Mat khdc, can tgo mdi trudng ip lyc cao dl ngudi lao dpng Vift Nam khdc phyc anh hudng cua lao dpng lrong nen sin xuit nhd, tieu ndng, manh mun, dugc hpc lgp vd ren luyen lrong cic trudng dgy nghe trgng diem chat lupng cao, trudng dai hgc ddng cap qudc te, dugc quin ly theo myc lieu bio dim chat luong dao tgo vi gan vdi nhu cau cua xa hpi.
Tiep tye hodn thifn v i thyc hifn hifu qui ehinh sich tin dyng uu dai phdt triln sin xuat, tgo vifc lam, chinh sich hd trg hpc nghe, hd trg ngudi lao dfng Viet Nam di lim vifc d nude ngoai theo hgp dong, uu tien cho ngudi ngheo, ngudi dan tdc thieu so thude edc huyfn ngheo, xa ngheo, thdn bin dac bift khd khan. Tiep tuc thyc hifn chien lugc, cdc chucmg trinh, de an ve vifc Idm v i dgy nghe, khin tiircmg nghien cuu xay dyng chuong trinh viec lam cho ngudi that nghifp, thiiu vifc lam.
De vifc triln khai dgy nghi, hgc nghi cd hifu qua kinh tl thyc sy, tranh hinh thii-c vi lang phi xi hpi trong qui trinh triln khai cac dl in dio tao nghe, cdn bio dim dau lu dii muc theo yeu cau dgy vi hpc nghi, trinh tu ludng binh quan chii nghTa nhu kilu
"phit chin", cdu ddi. M$l khdc, cin tdng cudng edng tdc tuyfin truyin, linh hogt vi thiet thyc vl ngi dung vi phuong thdc dio tgo nghi, gin vdi thyc le doi lugng hpc nghi, cung nhu gdn vdi chuong trinh vifc lim cy the ciia mdi dja phuang, de cac doi tugng lao dgng ndng thdn d viing sau, viing xa, nhat la vung nui khdng bj liing lung lrong vifc xie d|nh nghe hge, sip xep thdi gian hpe. Hon nifa, cin ehu y dgy nghi theo hudng tgo vifc lim lgi cho, lrong dd cd dip irng nhu cau phit triln ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao, hodc thiic diy qui trinh lii eau true loan difn kinh tl vi xa hpi ndng thdn theo tinh thin "ly ndng bit ly huong", dl ngudi lao ddng song d ndng thdn sau khi tot nghifp cic khda dio tgo nghe cd the tdng khi nang vi ehii dgng tim kiem, tgo lap cdng vifc, thu nhdp ngay lgi que nhi, khdng phii di xa, giim bdt ip lyc qua tii, phi kinh te len cic do thj.
Thu tu, chinh sich vife lam phai phat huy dugc cic nguon Iuc ciia x i hgi vio vifc tgo vifc lam vd dim bio vifc Iim. Tang cudng huy dgng cie ngudn von ciia doanh nghiep vi cie td chuc cho dio tgo nang cao trinh dp ngudi lao dpng; thuc hifn cic co che, chinh sich uu dai (gdm nhii'ng giii phip uu dai ve thue thu nhgp doanh nghifp, hd trg ve dat dai vi uu dai tin dung, hd trp ve dio tao nhan luc chat lugng cao thugc nginh nghi mui nhgn) dl khuyin khich mgnh me cac doanh nghifp dau tu cho dao tgo vdi cic hinh thirc khac nhau nhu dat hang vdi cic co sd dio tgo, ty to chirc dio tgo nhan lyc trong doanh nghifp vi thdnh lap cac co sd ddo tgo trong doanh nghifp de .dao tgo nhan lyc cho ban than doanh nghifp v i eho xa hpi; huy ddng eae ngudn vdn ciia din de dau tu xdy dyng co sd ddo lao, td chirc cdc logi quy khuyen hgc, khuyen tai...n
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. TS. Nguyin Minh Phong: Chinh sach lao dgng- viec idm nhin tir goc dg kinh te vt mo, Tgp chi Tii chinh Difn lu sfl 96 ngiy 15/6/2011.
2. Trung tam Quoc gia Dy bio vi Thong tin thj trudng lao dflng, Cyc Vifc lim, Bp Lao dflng, Thuang binh vi Xa hfi, Xu hudng viec ldm Viet Nam 2010,, Hi Npi- thing 10 nim 2010.
3. Tong eye Thong ke, Bdo cdo diiu tra lao dgng vd vi?c Idm 6 ihdng ddu nam 2011, Hi Npi 2011.
4. Vifn Khoa hpc Lao dfng vi Xi hpi, Bf Lao dfng, Thuang binh vi Xi hpi, Bdo cdo xu hudng lao dgng vd xa hgi Ihdi ky 2000- 2010, Ha Nf i, thing 3 nam 2011.
