Ngliien cGu - Trao ddi
ANH HUdNG CUA
TRUYEN THONG P H A P LUAT VIET NAM
doi vdi W duy phap ly Ho Chi Minh
TU TUdNG P H A P L U A T CUA H 6 CHI MINH CHIU ANH HlT^NG SAu XA, TRUdC TIEN, NHUNG LAI R A T MANH ME B 6 I THU'C TlfiN P H A T T R I S N CUA LICH St PHAP LY D A N T O C , V(3I D I ^ M N 6 I B A T L A HLfdNG VE B A O V ^ CON NGUdl, Tlrf HI^N M O T T U T U ' D N G N H A N DAO CAO D^P, N H I M MUC DICH XAY D U K G MOT N H A N U 6 C V I $ T NAM VttNG MANH, NHAN DAN DlTOC AM NO HANH PHUC, DlTOC QUYEN TU QUYET v A B A O D A M QUYEN BINH D A N G . CHINH TRUYEN THONG LICH SU" P H A P L Y D A N T O C DA GIUP HO C m MINH HIEU RO B A N C H A T , VAI TRO, CHLfc N A N G , C U N G N H U DIEU Ki$N D A M B A O H I : $ U LiTC P H A P L U A T , CACH THtrc DE PHAP L U A T DI v A o DCil SONG XA H O I , DAM B A O CHO B6I SONG XA H O I P H A T TRIEN L A N H MANH.
• NCS, NGUYEN TH! THU H U O N G - Dgi hoc Cdng nghiep Hd Ngi
• NCS. TA TH! THU E C N G - Khoa Ludt - Dgi hoc Qudc gia Hd Ndi
T
rtfdc he't, Ho Chi Minh nhan tha'y diem noi bdt trong truyen thd'ng phap ly cua ngtfdi Vidt Nam la htfdng ve bao ve eon ngffdi, bdo ve, phat trien da't ntfdc. Dd la xdy dtfng mdt nha ntfdc phong kien Viet Nam doc lap ngang hang vdi ede ntfdc phtfdng Bac, nhdn dan cham chi lam lung, xa tac thai binh thinh tri, tren cd vua sdng, dtfdi cd tdi Men;ddng thdi, ngffdi dan dffdc quyen ttf quye't va bao dam quyen binh dang d mtfc dd nha't dinh (du xa hpi ed stf phdn chia giai cap, stf binh dang ehi mdi dijfng Iai d mtfc dp nhffng con ngffdi nhff nhau, ngang hang nhau thi dffdc htfdng quyen binh dang nhtf nhau).
Them vao do, mdt net dac sdc ldn cua phdp ludt Viet Nam thdi ky phong kid'n da anh htfdng de'n ttf duy phap ly Ho Chi Minh, dd
la: phap ludt vffa bao dam tinh cffdng, tinh ba't bid'n cua nhtfng nguyen tac phdp luat, vffa dam bao tinh nhu, linh mem deo, linh boat trong cdch thffc thi hanh, van dung. Cu the nhff: eho dff ludt phdp ludn mudn htfdng tdi stf thi hanh nha't quan trdn quy md loan qudc, nhffng mdi ddn tpc, vung mien cd dae diem, phong tuc tdp quan khde nhau, ndn Dieu 40 cua Bp ludt Hdng Dffc da quy dinh:
Ngtfdi mien thtfdng du ciing pham tdi vdi nhau thi theo phong tue xtf a'y ma dinh toi. Cai hay d day ehinh la: phap luat do Vua ban ra, nhtfng quyen phdn quye't, ludn tdi, kel tdi lai thupc vd nhan ddn, do phong tuc tffng vung quy dinh.
Didu dd khdng phai la sff tuy tien cua phdp luat ma Id dac tinh tff tri rd't rieng cua dan tdc Viet Nam da anh htfdng sau sac dd'n phap luat ntfdc ta thdi ky phong kie'n. Nhd
dd, phdp luat gan dan, dtfdc dan tuan thii va sff dung...
Nhff vay, he thdng phap luat phong kid'n Vidt Nam tuy la de bdo ve ldi ich cua giai cap phong kie'n, nhtfng Idi ich iy cung khdng hodn loan ddi lap vdi ldi ich ciia ddn ehung. Nha ntfdc phong kien Viet Nam thffc sff da bid't sff dung phap luat de an dan, dd dtfng nffdc va giff nffdc. Phap luat phong kie^n Viet Nam da tham d i m tinh thin: "Chd thuyen la dan, lat thuydn cung la dan".
Chinh vi the, phdp lu^t phong kie^n Vidt Nam da dtfdc sff dung vd phat huy dd lam cd sd xay dtfng bp may nha ntfdc, phdt trien kinh td' - xa hdi, duy tn trdt ttf k^
cffdng, doan ket nhan ddn.
Nghien ctfu ttf ttfdng Ho Chi Minh vd phap ludt, chiing ta thiy rang: Nhffng ttf tffdng cua Ngtfdi deu xud't phdt tff viec kd thilta,
92
Nglnien cCfu - Trao d d i
chpn Ipc nhifng tff tffdng va boat ddng thffc tidn phdp ly ciia cac trieu dai phong kid'n Viet Nam 1 trong lich sff ngan nam van hien.
Thd nhat, xet vd bdn cha't, t phap luat Id san phim td't ye'u cua
^ ddi sdng xd hdi, ddng thdi cung Id dao ly ciia nban dan. Ho Chi Minh cho rang: Phdp luat va dao 1 dtfc ed vi tri quan trong, gan bd , hflu ed vdi nhau, khdng the phdn biet mat nao quan trpng hdn mat ndo. Ca phdp ludt va dao dtfc ddu I can thie't nhtf nhau, deu vi le sdng ciing nhtf muc dich sinh tdn cua xa hdi loai ngtfdi. Ngtfdi viet: " Yi le sinh tdn eung nhtf muc dich cude sd'ng, loai ngtfdi phdi sdng tao va phat minh ra ngdn ngff, chff vid't, dao dffc, phdp luat, khoa hpc, tdn giao, van hda, nghd thudt, nhttng cdng cu cho sinh hoat hang ngdy vi dn, mac, d va cac phtfdng thtfe sff dung". Nhff vay. Ho Chi Minh coi phdp luat cung nhtf nhffng hinh thai y thffc xa hdi khde, nhffng cdng cu sinh boat hdng ngay vd ede phtfdng thffc sff dung. Dieu dd khdng chi diing vdi da^t nffdc ta, ma cdn la mpt quy ludt td't yd'u eua xa hdi loai ngtfdi. Phdp ludt di len tff ddi sdng xa hdi va quay trd ve phuc vu ddi sdng xa hdi, phuc vu vd bao dam "le sinh tdn". Ne'u khdng cd phap ludt, le sinh tdn eiia con ngffdi se bi xam pham, hay ndi cdch khde quyen sdng, gid tri sdng cua con ngffdi, ciia xa hdi bi xam hai. Phap luat trong tff ttfdng Ho Chi Minh do tdn tai xd hdi, thtfc tidn ddi sd^ng nhdn dan san sinh ra nd, nd phan anh nhu edu vd phuc vu muc dich eudc sdng cua nhdn dan vd nham bao dam trdt ttf xa hpi. Hdn the' nffa, nd cdn thd hidn stf tan ddng cua Ngtfdi vdi cac quan diem tien bd eoi phdp ludt la thude ve nhdn dan, vi sff sinh tdn va cupc sdng dan chiing. Phap luat mudn ngay
eang hoan thien thi nd cang phdi phu hdp vdi y chi cua nhan ddn, phu hdp vdi nhffng gid tri chuan mffc xa hdi. Hay ndi cdch khde, y chi nhd nffdc - phap ludt eiing la vd phai la y chi eiia nhdn dan.
Cho ndn, sau cdch mang thang Tdm, Ho Chi Minh vdn chii tnrdng giff Iai nhiilig quy dinh cua ndn phap ludt phong kie'n cdn phu hdp vdi ddi sd'ng Men lai.
Thd hai, xet ve vai trd, chtfc nang ciia phap ludt thi phap luat la cdng cu bao dam tff do, dan chii, tao dffng ky cffdng, duy tri trdt tff bdo ve binh dang xd hdi va bao dam quydn ldm chu tap the cua nhan ddn lao ddng. Xam pham tdi quyen ttf do cua ngtfdi khac la pham vao "dao". Vay ndn, Hd CM Minh da can dan can bp: Ldm sao cho nhan dan bid't htfdng quydn dan chii, bid't dung quydn ddn chii cua minh, ddm ndi, ddm ldm ed nhtf vdy phdp luat mdi thtfc stf "vi le sinh tdn"
cua dan chung.
Thd ba, xet vd dieu kien dam bao hieu Itfc phap luat, mud'n phap ludt phdt huy dtfdc vai trd, chtfc nang eua nd thi stf ddc ldp cua ttf phap phai dtfdc bao ddm.
Trong edeh thtfc xdy dtfng ban hdnh thtfc thi phap ludt phai dac biet coi trpng chat Iffdng eua Hidn phdp, phap ludt. Ddng thdi, phap luat phdi chinh xdc vd diy du;
phai dd'n dtfdc vdi nhan dan;
ngtfdi thtfe thi phdp ludt phai cdng tam va ngMem minh; Vd phffdng phap va mffc dp sff dung phdp luat phai dung dan, phu hdp, phai kheo leo ket hdp giffa cae phtfdng phap: mdnh lenh, quyen uy, cffdng che' vdi tuyen truyen, gido due, thuye't phuc, lam gtfdng. Phdi tuy vao dd'i ttfdng, mtfc dp ldi de dinh hinh phat, dd la edi "uhg van bie'n". Phai htfdng ve mue dieh ran de, giao due, bdo ve trdt ttf xa hdi, bdo vd nen phdp ly, ldi ich chinh ddng eiia nhan dan, dd la edi "di bdt bie'n", ke^t hdp giffa
"Iy" vd "tinh" cho phu hdp vdi
"dao lam ngtfdi" vd "le d ddi";
ddng thdi, bao dam tinh phdng ngffa ciia phdp ludt. Do do, phai khdng ngtfng tang cffdng phdp chd' gan lien vdi ren luyen, gido due f thtfc phdp luat.
Tdm lgi, nd'u nhtf ttf ttfdng chinh tri - phap ly dan chii tid'n bd phtfdng Tdy Id muc tidu; hpc thuyet cdch mang ciia ehu nghia Mac - Lenin Id phtfdng phdp; qud tnnh dau tranh gian khd va phong phu cua Hd Chi Minh la ddng Itfc, thi chlnh thtfc den phdt trien ciia lich sff phdp ly ddn tde la cd sd dau lien, cd't ye'u giup Ngtfdi tich liiy, sang loc, phat trien thanh ttf duy phdp ly sac sdo, edeh mang.
Dd la mdt ttf duy chinh tri - phap ly hanh dpng giau tinh nhan van vd dan tde. •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1, Nguyfn Bdng Dung (chu biSn), Bui Ngpc Son, Nguyen Manh Tudng, Tu tyflng H6 Cht Minh ve nha nudc phap quyen, NXB Dai hge Qu6c gia Ha N^i, Ha Nfli, nam 2007.
2, Vu Dinh Hoe, Phdp quy^n nhdn nghTa H5 Chf Minh, NXB Van hoa thong tin, Ha N6i, nam 2002.
3. May vdn 3i ve qudn ly nha nudc va cung c6 phap luat trong l|ch sii Vi&t Nam, NXB Chlnh tn quoc gia, Ha Noi, ndm 1998.
4. H6 Ch( Minh, Nha nudc va phap ludt, NXB Phdp ly, Ha N$i, nam 1985, 5, HS Chi Minh, Toan t|p, tap 3, NXB Chfnh tri qu6c gia, Ha Nfli, nam 1995, tr. 431.
6. Le Diic Tigt, \ ^ n hda phap ly Vi6t Nam, NXB TU phap, Ha Ngi, ndm 2005,
