Cac nhan to anh huorng den
quyet dmh su" dung cac d'ng dung hoc tap tru'c tuyen cua sinh vien tai TP. Ho Chi Minh
PHAM DINH TUAN'
Nghien cvtu ndy nham khdm phd vd kiem tra mdi quan he cdc nhdn td thtic day hdnh vi sddgng cdc ling dung hoc tdp trvCc tuyen cda sinh viin tren dia bdn TP. Ho Chi Minh. Ket qud cho thdy, ca 5 nhdn id, gom: Tinh de sd dung; Tinh hihi ich; Kinh nghiem sd dung cong nghe; Su hdng thii; Anh hudng xd hgi cd tdc dong tich cue den quyet dinh sd dung cdc dng dving hgc tgp true tuyin cda sinh vien. Tren cO sd do, nghien cdu de xudt mgt so hdm y qudn tri cho cdc trudng dgi hgc, cdc trung tdm ngogi ngd hay cdc td chdc gido due trong chien lugc ddo tgo trUc tuyen.
Tff khoa: dng dung hgc tap true tuye'n, mo hinh chdp nhdn cong r, nghiem sudung cong nghe
he, tinh de sd dung, kinh
Summary
This study aims to explore and examine factors impacting students' motivation lo use online learning applications in Ho Chi Minh City. The result points out five influential faclors, which are Perceived ease of use; Perceived usefulness; Experience of using technology; Enjoyment;
Social influence. From the finding, a number of implications are provided for universities, foreign language centers and education organizations to set up their online courses.
Keywords: online learning applications, technology acceptance model, perceived ease of use.
experience of using technology GIOI THIEU
Vide hgc trtfc tuyd'n trtfdc day ehu ye'u diSn ra d cac trung tam ngoai ngff, hay sinh vien tham gia cac khda hgc ngan ban, cdc chrfdng trinh ky ndng mem. Khi dich Covid-19 biing phdt, hoat ddng hpc tap trtfc tuyen biing nd d cdc trffdng dai hpc. De khdng bi gian doan edng tde dao tao trong miia dich Covid-19, nhieu ed sd giao due dai hpc da chu ddng trien khai cdng tac dao lao tn/c tuye'n. Cu the la dau tff hd thd'ng dao tao trffc tuye'n, mua ban quyen/ehuyen giao cong nghe phan mim quan ly hoc tap.
Theo bdo cdo eua We Are Social va Hootsuite (2020), Viet Nam la mdt ff-ong nhiilig qud'c gia cd ty Id ngtfdi sff dung internet cao vdi hdn 70%, ttfdng ffng vdi hdn 68 tridu ngtfdi, td'c dd tdng ti"tfdng la iO%/ndm. Trong dd, thdi Itfdng truy cap internet m5i ngay trung binh la hdn 6
gid; thid't bi truy cap chu yeu la didn thoai. Dilu ndy cho tha'y, viec uYig dung eae phan mem cho hpe tap trtfc tuye'n Id xu htfdng ta't yd'u, vl nhu eau va dilu kien ve cd sd vat cha't dam bao, cung nhtf thtfc hien dtfdc muc deu, ma Nha ntfdc dl ra la cdc dai hgc Viet Nam day nhanh ehuyen ddi sd', bat kip xu did' the' gidi.
Chinh vi vay, viec thtfc hidn nghien ctfu "Cde nhdn td anh htfdng de'n quye't dinh sff dung edc ffng dung hgc t$p trtfc tuyd'n cua sinh vidn tai TP. Ho Chi Minh" la ra't cin thid't cho cdc to chtfc giao due trong vide khuye'n khich dp dung cdc phan mem hpc tap trtfc tuye'n cho sinh vien.
CO s d LY THUYET VA PHL/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
Cd sd ly thuyd't va md hinh nghidn cffu Cdsdly thuyet
Mo hinh chdp nhgn cong nghe (Technology Acceptance Model - TAM)
TAM dffdc xay dffng bdi Davis (1989) dtfa tren stf phat trien ciia Thuyd't hanh ddng hdp ly (Theory of 'Trudng Dgi hpc C6ng nghiep Thtfc pham TP. H6 Chi Minh
Ngay nhgn bdi: 17/7/2020: Ngay phdn hien: 20/8^020: Ngdy dm el dang: 26/8P.020
69
Reasoned Action - TRA) va Ly tiiuyd't hdnh vi cd ke' hoach (Theory of Planned Behavior - TPB), di sau hdn va giai thich hanh vi chap nhdn vd sff dung edng nghe eua ngffdi dung. TAM chi ra rdng, y dinh hdnh vi sff dung cdng nghd cua cac cd nhan se dffdc xde dinh bdi didi dp cua hp, dffdc dieu chinh bdi tinh hiJu ich va sff dd sff dung cua edc he thdng thdng tin. Tinh hiTu dung nhan thtfc va nhdn thffc dd sff dung Id nhffng nhan td chinh quyd't dinh thai dp cua cd nhan dd'i vdi hanh vi sff dung mdy tinh (Davis, 1989).
Ly thuyit pho bien sU ddi mdi (Diffusion of innovations theory - DOI)
Ve dae diem ngtfdi sff dung, tdc gia sff dung DOI de xdc dinh cdc nhan to ehinh. DOI giai thich each thffc ede edng nghd mdi dffdc truyen dat qua giffa cac thdnh vidn cua mdt he thd'ng xa hdi. Sff ddi mdi ed the la mgt y ttfdng, hay cdng nghe dtfdc edc ca nhan earn nhdn la ttfdng dd'i mdi (Ma va cdng stf, 2014).
Gid thuyet vd mo hinh nghiin cihi
Tff cd sd Iy thuye't tren, tac gid da xdc dinh 2 nhdm nhan td tdc ddng dd'n quyd't dinh sff dung tfng dung hoc tap ti-ffc tuye'n cua sinh vidn: (1) Dac diem cdng nghd, gom: Tinh hffu ich va Tinh d l sff dung; va (2) Ddc diem ngffdi dung, gdm: Kmh nghidm sff dung cong nghe; Anh htfdng xd hdi va Sff hffng thii vdi edng nghd mdi. Cde gia thuyd't dtfdc &e xua't nhtf sau:
Tinh de sd dung cua cong nghe vd quye't dinh sd dung dng dung hgc tap true tuyen
Tinh de sff dung la nhan to dtfdc hinh thanh dtfa tren Iy thuye't chap nhdn cdng nghe, anh htfdng trtfc tid'p dd'n y dinh sff dung cdng nghd, ndn khi nghidn eii'u v l S' dinh sff dung cde tfng dung hgc tap (Davis, 1989).
Theo Camiileri va edng stf (2019), ddi vdi cdc tfng dung hpc tap trffc tuyd'n, tinh d l sff dung ed anh hffdng dd'n y dinh sff dung cua sinh vidn. Tarhini vd cdng sff (2017) da chffng minh, Tinh de sff dung anh htfdng trtfc tid'p dd'n Y dinh sff dung hoc tap didn tff. Vi vgiy, tac gid dtfa ra gia thuyd't nhtf sau:
HI: Tinh dd sff dung anh htfdng tieh ctfc den Quyd't dinh sff dung ffng dung hpc tap trtfc tuye'n cua sinh vidn.
Tinh hdu ich cua cong nghe vd quye't dinh sH dung ling dung hgc tap IrUc luyen
Theo (Davis, 1989), tinh hiJu ich cam nhan la mffc do ma mdt ngffdi tin rang vide sff dung mdt he thd'ng se nang eao hidu sua't lam vide cua minh. Cdc ffng dung hpe tdp trufc tuyen Id hffu ich, nd'u nd cung ca'p dffdc nhffng dich vu ma ngffdi hgc can, nhtf: cd the tiiy chgn thdi gian hpc tap, cd sdlffdng bai giang khdng gidi han, tie't kidm chi phi hgc tap... Cdn Camiileri vd edng sff (2019) cho rang, cdc tfng dung hgc tap trtfc tuye'n dtfdc phdt trien vdi trgng tam cu the la mang lai stf tidn Idi, nhilu tinh ndng cho ngtfdi hgc. Vi vay, tdc gid dtfa ra gia thuye't nhtf sau:
H2: Tinh hffu ich cam nhan anh hffdng tich cffc den quyd't dmh sff dung Cae ffng dung hgc tap trufc tuyd'n cua sinh vidn.
Kinh nghiem sddung cong nghe vd quyet dinh s&dung ling dung hoc tap true myen
Nghidn clhi eua Wang (2019) khing dinh r^ng, kinh nghiem trffdc dd cua mdt ngtfdi tidu diing ddng vai d-d quan trpiig ti-ong quyd't dinh sff dung cdng nghe mdi.
Cdc cd nhan ed nhieu kinh nghiem sff dung mdy tinh, internet vd email va Itfii va dinh vi cae tdp cd xu htfdng cd cam giac thuan ldi hdn ddi vdi sff de sii" dung vd hffu ich cua he didng hgc tap didn tff (Chang vd cgng stf, 2017). Vi vay, tdc gia dtfa ra gia thuyd't nhtf sau:
H3: Kinh nghidm sff dung cdng nghd cd anh htfdng tich ctfc de'n Quye't dinh sff dung ede ffng dung hgc tap trtfc tuyd'n eiia sinh vidn.
Su hdng thu vi cong nghe vd quyet dinh sddung dng dung hoc tdp trUc luye'n Theo Abdullah vd Ward (2016), stf hffng thu cd dnh htfdng dang ke dd'n y dinh hpc tap trtfc tuyen. Nghidn cifu cua Abdullah vd Ward (2016) chtfng minh, 8 trong so' 11 nghidn edti (73%) cd md'i quan hd tieh ctfc ddng ke giffa stf hffng thu va sff san ldng tham gia hpc tap trtfc tuye'n.
Vi vay, tac gid dtfa ra gid diuyd't nhtf sau:
H4: Stf htfng thu ve cdng nghd ed anh htfdng tieh ctfc dd'n Quyd't dinh sff dung cde iihg dung hgc tdp trffc tuydn cua sinh vien.
Anh hudng xd hgi vd quyet dinh sd dung ling dung hgc tap trulc tuyen
Theo Venkatesh vd cdng stf (2003), anh htfdng xa hgi Id mtfc do, ma mdt ngtfdi tieu dung nhan thd'y tam quan trpng ciia cdng nghd dd nhtf the ndo, tff do ed the tdc ddng dd'n hanh vl sff dung edng nghe. Tarhini va edng sff (2017) cho rang, tam quan trpng cua dnh htfdng xd hdi trong vide dinh hinh y dinh hanh vi dffdc thao ludn trong nhilu nghidn cffu khdc nhau. Vi vdy, tdc gid dtfa ra gia thuyet nhtf sau:
H5: Anh htfdng xa hgi cd anh htfdng tich ctfe de^n Quyd't dinh sff dung cac tfng dung hpc tap Ui/c tuyen cua sinh vien.
Difa d-en cdc gia thuyd't nghidn cffu tren, tdc gia de xuat md hinh nghien ctfu nhff Hinh.
Phtfdng phap nghien cffu De ed dff lidu nghien edu, tdc gia tid'n hdnh khao sdt dd'i vdi 395 sinh vien dang theo hgc tai 3 cd sd dao tao la:^Trffdng Dai hgc Cdng nghidp Thtfc pham TP. Ho Chi Minh (HUFl),'Trtfdng Dai hgc Kinh td'TP. Ho Chi Minh (UEH) vd Trtfdng Dai hoe Cdng nghd TP Ho Chi Minh (HUTECH). Kd'l qud thu vd dtfdc 112 link khdo sdt trffc tuyen phd hdp. Dff lieu dtfdc xff I^ thdng qua phSn
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KmhiO'vjDirbdo. Imim SPSS20.0. Khdo sdt dtfdc thtfc hidn nhrfng thdng diu nam 2020.
KET QUA N G H I E N CLFU VA THAO LUAN
Phdn tich dO tin cSy thang do Cronbach's Alpha
He sd Cronbach's Alpha dtfdc tinh toin de kiem tra dp tin cay eua edc thang do. Cronbach's Alpha do Itfdng tinh nha't qudn cua edc bid'n quan sdt ti-ong cung mOt thang do. Thang do dat do tin cay khi Cronbach's Alpha cao hdn 0,6. Ket qud ddnh gid dp tin cay cua cdc thang do (Bing 1) cho thd'y, ta't ca thang do dat gid tri tin cay dtfde tiep tue phdn tieh nhan to' khdm phd (EFA).
Phdn tich EFA
Kit qud phan tich EFA dd'i vdi cde nhan tdddc lap (Bdng 2) cho tha'y, cd 22 biln thudc 5 nhan td ed ty le giai thich tich luy 58,60% cua tdng phffdng sai. Sff phd hdp cua phdn tieh nhan to' dtfdc xde dinh bdi Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) la 0,853; gid U-i Chi-square test Bartlett dat mrfc y nghia Sig. = 0,000 (p < 0,001).
Phu'dng phdp xoay Varimax cde thanh phan chinh xdc dmh kich thtfdc cd ban cua 5 nhan to' cd gid tri Eigenvalues = 1,366 ldn hdn 1. Mdi nhdn td' cd cdc hd sdtdi nhdn td Idn hdn 0,5. Nhtf vay, edc nhan tdnay diu phu hdp de dtfa vao edc brfdc phan tich tid'p theo.
Ke't qua phdn tich EFA dd'i vdi nhan to Quye't dinh sff dung cdng nghd vdi 3 bid'n quan sdt gidi thich 58,49% cua tong phtfdng sai. Stf phti hdp cua phan Wch nhdn td dtfde xde dinh bdi Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin (KMO) la 0,654; gia tn Chi-square test Bartlett dat mtfc y nghia Sig. = 0,000 (p < 0,001). Bang phtfdng phdp xoay Varimax, 1 nhdn td dtfde trich xuat vdi gid tii Eigenvalues = 1,755 ldn hdn 1, Cdc bid'n quan sdt ed he so tai nhan tdldn hdn 0,5.
Kdt qua phSn tich hdi quy Kit qud phdn tieh hdi quy (Bdng 3) cho tha'y: He sd phdng dai phtfdng sai VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) cua cac bidn ddc ldp trong md hinh deu nhd hdn 2, chrftig to khdng cd hidn tffdng da cdng hiy^n; H^ sd R binh phtfdng hidu chinh 1^ 0,605 < he so R binh phtfdng la 0,510 vd ddng no de danh gia stf phii hdp cua ni6 hinh se an todn hdn, vi no khdng thdi Ph6ng mtfc dO phii hdp ciia md hinh; Phan fch phffdng sai ANOVA eho tii sd F cd
, HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN C(i(l ok XUAT
rHgu6n Tiic gta de x
BAMG 1 : K E T Q G A K I E M DINH DO TIN C A Y T H A N G I>0 Thang do
Tinh de siJ dung Tinh hii^i Ich Kinh nghiem su'dung Su- hijng thu Anh hifdng xa hoi Quyet dmh su'dung itng dung hoc trUc luyen
Cronbach's Alpha 0,788 0,781 0,765 0.788 0,767 0.645
SS'biSn quan siit 5 5 4 4 4 3
BAMG 2: K E T Q U A P H A N TICH EFA
SUDUNGI SUDUNG2 DUSUNG3 SUDUNG4 SUDUNG5 HUUICHl HUUICH2 HUUICH3 HUUICH4
AHXH2 AHXH4 KINHNGHIEMl
K1NHNGHIEM4 HIINGTHUI H!INGTHU3
mstf
1 0.718 0.701 0.659 0.731 0.685
iic^c 2
(t.675 0.664 n,795 0.709 0.581
nhfintS'tb&n 3
0.686 0.810 LJ
4
0.634 ().7«y (1.711 0,6S8
faoh^
5
0.758 0.686 0.707 0.707
Nhan ttr
Tinh dg s^
dung
Ti'nh h ^ ich
Anh hifdng xahOi Kinh nghidm siir d^ng c6ng
ngh?
SI; hdng thu
miic y nghia Sig. = 0,000 (<0.05), cd nghia la mo hinh hoi quy phu hdp vdi dd Ueu thu thap diroc va cac bie'n difa vao deu co y nghia thong lie vdi miJc y nghia 59;.
PhiRJng trinh hoi quy ben dudi dUdc xep theo thtj tU tac dong nhU sau:
Y = 0,627 + 0..^.^2~' Kinh nghiem sii dung cdng nghe + 0.166* Su hiing ihii X4 + 0.129* Tinh hOu ich + 0,114" Anh hudng .xd hoi + 0,071 • Tinh de sU dung
71
BAMG 3: KET aak HOI QUY TUYEI^ TlNH
1 (Constant) SUDUNG - XI HUUICH - X2 AHXH-X5 KINHNGHIEM - X3 HUNGTHU - X4
H^sfCchifo chu^n h6a B 0,627 0.071 0,129 0,114 0,332 0,166
DO l$ch chu^n
0,117 0,025 0.027 0,024 0,033 0,030
H^sd' chuSn h6a
Beta
0,106 0,178 0,177 0,386 0,213
t
5,381 2,878 4,767 4.689 10,133 5.617
Sig.
0,000 0,004 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000
Da c$ng tuyen' Dung sai
0,745 0,720 0,705 0,690 0,698
VIFI
1,343 1,389 1,419 1,449 1,432 Nhan to phu thuoc: YDINH
KET LUAN
Ket qua nghien cii^i cho tiia'y, 5 nhan to', gom: Tinh d i sti dung; Tinh hiJu ich; Kinh nghidm sijf dung cong ngh$; Sti hiJng thia; Anh hiTcing xa hgi co anh hifdng tich cifc ddn quyet dinh su" dung cae iJng dung hpc tSp tri^c tuye'n cua sinh vien tren dia ban TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Trong do, nhan td Kinh nghiem su" dung cong nghe e6 anh hif6ng ldn nha't. Difa vao ket qua hdi quy, tde gia d^ ra cac ham ;y quan tri sau:
- Trong bd^i canh hoc tap trifc tuyen, nhihig ca nhan, nhif: ban be, giao vien va cong ddng mang anh hifdng den quye't dinh su* dung eae uhg dung tnJc tuyen nay.
VI thd, de tang cifdng hanh vi su" dung cac iJng dung hgc tap tnfc tuyen, cac td chii'c giao due nen thong bao cho sinh vien rang, sti dung he thdng hgc tap tnfc tuydn
la bat bupc va cung khuyen cdc sinh vien nen thuyet phuc ban be minh tham gia, cQng tiif do quang ba cho ngifdi dung khdc.
Cong ddng mang eung gop phan tich cifc thiic day hanh vi tham gia eua sinh^vien, vi thd cdc td chiJe gido due ed the tdng cifdng quang bd qua kenh nay, ddc bi$t la Anh hifdng xa hoi va Kinh nghidm siir dung cong nghe. Dieu nay hdm ^, edc nha quan Iy cua cac td chifc gido due can tang cifdng sif tdc dgng cua cdc cd nhan cd lien quan ddn sinh viSn.
- Ket qud eua nghien citu cung chi ra rang, Tinh hifu ich va Tinh de su" dung la mdt nhan td quyet dinh dang ke den quydt dinh hdnh vi sii" dung hoc tap tiifc tuydn. Nhifng sinh vien tim tha'y he thdng hiJu ich trong qud trinh hgc tap eua hg se sdn sang chap nhan he tho'ng hpe tap tnfc tuyen hOn. Do dd, de thu hut nhieu ngifdi diing hpe tSp tnfe tuye'n hdn, gido vidn hu'dng dan nen cai thien chat lu'dng ndi dung cua he tho'ng hpc tdp trifc tuyen eua hp bing cdch cung ca'p du npi dung cap nhat, phii hop vdi nhu cau eiia sinh vien.
Ben canh dd, cde td chiJc giao due tieh eifc quang bd tinh hifu ich eua vi6e hpc tap tnfc tuyen cho sinh vien tren nhidu kenh ididc nhau, nh^m giup sinh vien nhan ra tim quan trpng eua edc iJng dung hpc tSp trifc tuyen nay.Q
_ JAILI^UTHAMJCHAO
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