i]inaaos!ip»ii«-.'
ST"" ~~ ""TJ^^^^S
ThS. NghiSm Thi U c h ThS. D a m Thj Thu Trang
Hudng nghidp ddng vai trd rat quan trong trong vide dinh hudng chon nghe cho thd hd tre. Lam tdt cdng tac hudng nghiep se guip the he tre hiSu TO nhiing ddi boi, ydu ciu cua nghe ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng, cung nhu hieu duoc nhiing yeu td tac ddng tdi ban than trong qua trinh chon nghe phu hop de' cdng hien duac nhieu nhit cho xa hdi. Vide chon nghe ciia cac hoc sinh, sinh vidn chu ydu dua vao cam tinh hoac theo trao luu cua xa hdi, ndn nhieu sinh vien khi tdt nghiep nhung khdng xin duoc vide lim dung vdi nginh nghe duoc dao tao. Bai bao trinh bay ting dung ky thuit logic md dd tu vin hudng nghiep cho sinh men nhim khic phuc nhiing nhuoc diem ve cac vin de cam tinh a trdn.
MO DAU
Dinh hudng nghd ngMep vd vide lam cho sinh vidn sau kM tdt ngMdp la mdt vin dd can dupe quan tdm boi vi nd hdt site quan tiong khdng nhung ddi vdi sinh vien, 0 a dinh, nha tmdng md edn cd y nghia rit Idn ddi vdi xa hdi. Vide di sai hudng tiong nghd ngMep se mang ddn nMdu bit lpi tiong cudc sdng cua sinh vidn sau nay. Do dd, vide djnh hudng nghd
ngMdp Id mdt dieu tdi can tMet ddi vdi eac ban sinh vidn dang ngdi tidn ghi 0ang duong. Nhung khdng phii ban tid nao cimg cd eai nhm ngMdm Mc vd dieu ndy.
Hien nay, rat nMdu tmdng da ap dung ehuin diu ra cho sinh vien sau kM tdt ngMep dd cd the do ludng dupe miic dd dat chuin vd cac khdi Mdn thiie cimg nhu ky nang nhim phuc vu lua chpn nghd ngMdp sau kM ra trudng. Tuy nMen giua ehuan dau ra va kdt qua da dat dupe cd thd d nhidu miie khac nhau ndn nMdu sinh vidn ciing ban khoan khdng bidt ehinh xac sau nay minh se lam nhiMg edng vide gi va d vi tii nao cho tMch hpp.
Danh gia, tu vdn la mdt vide thudng gap tiong thue td. Thudng tM ngudi ta danh gia dd phuc vu eho vide lua chon, M vin; danh gia dimg se lua ehpn dimg. Trong nMdu tmdng hpp ngudi ta danh gia bing diem. Tuy nMdn, khdng phii tmdng hpp nao danh gia bing didm eung cho ket qua hop ly.
Vi du kM danh gia mite dd dat chuan ddu ra eiia sinh vidn, danh gia mdt gio giing day, ddnh gia mpt phuong dn giii quydt vin dd, danh gia trien vong ciia mdt nen Mnh td... rat khd cM don thuan
TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (6.2016) 6 1
GHI NHAN TRAO DOI
^ i i i n i r ^ ^ j ^ ^ ¥
cho bing mdt didm. Vi thd can phai ed cdch danh gia khic phu hpp hon.
xay dung cae md hinh ddnh gia, tia vin hudng ngMdp dua tien co sd eua ly thuydt tip md Ii vin dd dupe nMdu nha khoa hpc quan tdm ngMdn citu. Tuy nMdn cdch M van vin chii ydu dua vap eim quan, ciing nhic va te nhat, nhu ehu yeu dya vao tdng didm tiong sudt qua trinh sinh vien theo hpc. RO rang khdng phii tiong mpi phuong dien cua qua trinh tu vin nhu vay eung cho kdt qua du tdt. Vi vgy ehimg tdi ngMdn eim va iing dyng Men thuc va ky thudt vd logic mo di tu vin hudng ngMdp cho smh vidn dd smh vien cd thd tu tin hon kM lua ehpn cdng viec cho minh.
LTNG DUNG LOGIC M O TRONG T U VAN HUONG NGHIEP CHO S I N H V I E N
Nguyen tac chung
De dua ra mdt quydt dmh hpp ly tiong qud trinh M van hudng ngMep, ta phai dya vao mdt chuin cho tmdc. Til chuin dd ta ed thd so sanh xem sinh vidn ' cd kha nang dat gin chuin den miie nao. KM do ta ein tinh dp Mong tu gitra ehuin md dd va eac gia tri md nhap vao. Neu gin chuan nao nhit tM ket qua dat d miic dd de tii dd sinh vidn cd the lua chpn cho minh mdt cdng vide tMch hpp nhat.
Mdi ehuin cd 6 gia trj md. Tuong iing vdi tgp vu tru cd 6 phin tii va phii ed npi dung dd danh gia (la cac Udu cM cu thd). Vdi mdi tieu cM ta quy dinh mdt sd didm nhat dinh. Vi du didm cho tidu cM I: Dat ehuan vd Men thirc la 40 didm.
Trang tinh mtic diem
Mdt trang tmh miie diem md la mdt ma tidn cd cdu tnie chiia 8 cdt vd i ddng tiong dd i la sd tidu cM.
Bing 1 la vi du vd tiang tinh miie diem md.
Cdt ddu tien tiid Men sd thit ty tidu cM. Tii cdt 2
ddn cdt 7 la eae didm md (gia tfl dO thudc| tirong ling vdi moi tidu cM tiong cdt diu. Cdt thit 8 thd Mdn didm kdt ludn bing chii mdi tidu cM. Cudi eimg la tdng didm. Tit tdng diem ta ed thd suy ra loai didm cua sinh vien.
Thu tuc tu vin hudng nghiep cho sinh vien Cac gia tri diu vao:
- Tdp vu tni U, Cic t?ip md ehuin E (exeeUent), V [very good), G (good), S (satisfactory), U (unsatisfactory), Didm 0 u a P(A), P(B), P(C), P(D), P(E).
- Cac tidu cM vd diem danh gia cua cac tidu cW eimg vdi gid tn cac dd thude tuong img vdi cdc tidu cM ciia timg sinh vidn.
Gia tri diu ra: Cdng vide phu hpp vdi mtic diem Thuat toan:
Vdi mdi mdt tieu cM sau kM cd 6 gia tri dp thudc, thue Mdn thuat toan sau:
1. Xet vdi tidu cM Oj bat M vd didn eac gia tri dp thude vao eac d Mong img vdi ddng thii i cho 6 cdt tiong Fuzzy mark. Vi gpi cac diem md Ft.
2. Tmh dp Mong tii S: S(E, FJ. S(V, FJ. S(G, FJ. S(S, Fj). S(U, FJ
Trong dd E, V, G, S, U Id cic tap md ehuin.
3. Tun gia tn max tiong 5 gia tii tidn, ta cd the gii suringS^V;fj/Iamax.
4. Tti gia tri Idn nhit tidn. Ta so sanh va dua ra
6 2 I TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 (6.2016)
diem b ang chii tuong img vdi cdc tap md chuin tai gia tn S max dy. Vi du S ^ , Fj) la gia tii max, ta so sanh ed B Mong img vdiV.
5. Lap lai qua tiinh tinh nhu tidn ddi vdi tung tidu cM.
6. Tinh toin tdng diem su dimg cdng thiic sau:
Total score =:^Z[^(e^)'*^g<)]
Trong dd T(0.i) la diem cho d gii tMdt Mong img vdi tieu cM Q.i. va gi la diem bing chit cua tidu cM Q.1 suy ra bing each danh gia. P(gi) la diem giua cua diem ehii do.
7. Dat tdng diem tiong ddng cudi ciia pMeu danh gid. Liy diem bing chu tuong iing vdi cic khoang diem quy dinh.
Trong biroc 4, gia tri max TO the xay ra d ei hai miie dd, vi dy nhu S^, Fj). S(G, Fjj cd dp tuong tii bing nhaa Ta lay gia tri cao hon tiong V va G Ii V.
Liia chon cac t i e u chi va trpng so Lua chon bd chi tidu danh 0a
Cd rit nhieu tidu chi nho dupe dua ra tiong qua trinh danh 0 a vd chuin diu ra. Vi du nhu smh vidn sau kM tdt ngMdp ngdnh Quin til He thdng thdng tin, ngoai nhiMg chuin ve Men thite giao due dai cuang theo quy dinh cua Bd Giao dye
va Dao tao, edn phai nim vimg nhimg nguydn ly quy luat tu nMdn xa hdi, cd du Men thtic vd ly luan chinh tri, Mnh te xa hdi ciia nganh nhu cd Men thiic CO b i n ve Miih te, quin Iy vd xa hdi de tiep thu Mdn tiuic gido due chuyen ngMdp; Dim bio Mdn thue cdn ban, cap nhat va phat tridn ve He thong thdng tm quan ly.
Tuy nMdn, neu Udt kd het cac tieu cM dua ra danh gia tM cd the ddn
Bang 2
Tieu chi 1: Dat chuan v6 Men thiic Tieu clli 2; Dat chuan ve Ity n ^ g cung Ti6u chi 3: Dat chuan ve Ity nang mem Ti6u clli 4: Ky nang ung xu hanh vi
40 25 25 10
ddn tiitii tiang ndng didm cCta cic tiong sd cua sinh vidn, nen ket qui tu vin hudng ngMdp co the khdng chinh xac jcd mdt sd ede tidu cM mang tinh chit trimg lap, bao ham lin nhau). Nhu vay, dd M vin hudng ngMdp cho sinh vidn mdt each thoa ddng nham dap img chuin diu ra sau kM tdt ngMpp, chimg tdi lira chpn dinh gii tiieo 4 tieu cM va mdi tidu cM dupe quy dmh vdi mdt sd didm nhit dinh nhu Bang 2.
Didu chii y la ngudi tii vin se khdng chdm true tidp sd diem ma sinh vien dat dupe cdc loai chudn.
Ma ngudi til vin se cho cac gia tn dp thudc ddi vdi timg phin tu tiong tap vu try U. Ddi vdi m6i tidu cM, ngudi tii vin nhap 6 gia tri do thude nhu tiong Bangs.
Bang 3
\U=^%:Z0%:AB%:iO%:80%:
1 TiBuchf Tidu Clin TiSBchtZ TTguchi3 TiSut^A
Cac gi6 tn fliu&c 0
0 0 as
a a 02 as
as
•
04 a i
QB a^
as 0
02 08 02 0
0 1 0 D Tffno Biem -
m%}
Loai 1 c a e E
jTlnhQi J ll^ TrnhQ2j 1 T[nhQ3 1 1 Ti(^Q4 1 ens j
TAP CHI CNTT&TTKY 1 C6.2016) 6 3
GHI NHAN TRAO O O I
^ . l l l f Wi,'^
Kw^^^^^^^^amsmiasnasaii^^^KKi^^
A B C D E
B0 phan quan tri he thdng thdng tin cua doanh nghidp B6 phan quan tri du an phat tndn hd thdng thdng tin Bd phan quan tri Website cua doanh nghidp Bd phan tmydn thdng kinh doanh tmc tuydn Bd phan quan tri mang mdy tinh
Til tap gia tri dd tiiudc ndy (gpi Ii i^ ) ta tinh dd tuong ty ciia i^i lin lupt vdi 5 tap md chuin tidn.
Sau dd chpn dd Mong til Idn nhit tiong 5 gia tn vua tinh duoe.
Ddi vdi mdi smh vidn sau Mii tinh dupe tdng didm cua pMeu danh gid, ddi sanh sang miie didm bing chO: ta se cd cac cdng vide phii hpp Mong iing. Vi du ddi vol chuyen ngdnh Quin tri hp thdng thdng tm. Mil dap iing cac tidu cM da dua ra ehiing tdi cd thd dua ra cdc nganh nghd phii hpp Mong img nhu Bang 4.
Phuong phap tu vin hudng nghidp
Tinh lan lupt ddi vdi timg sinh vidn bing each nhap diy dii 4 t9.p md ciia cac tidu cM va M Mdu la K , f' , ^ . f vdi cdc gia tri ma dupe md t i d pMa tien.
Ddnh gia md la phuong phap danh gia phd bidn Mdn nay. Phuong phdp nay bd sung cho each danh gia bing diem thdng thudng, ung dung tiong Hnh vuc md danh gia thdng tiiudng to ra cd han ehd, lam cho vide ddnh gid dupe linh boat va mdm deo. Ung dyng tap md vdo tii van hudng ngMdp cho sinh vidn la vi§c lam tMdt thuc gdp phin eho cdng tdc hudng ngMdp cho sinh vidn tiong eae trudng dai hpc cao dang. He danh gia dya tien co sd cua Iy thuydt tap md td ra mdm deo hon, hnh hoat hon, ket qui M van eudi cimg cd nMeu kha nang hpp ly hon.
Tai li#u t h a m khao
[11. R^xrt an Effective C^eer Guidance, Career Gwde far Schools, 2 0 0 8 .
121. /MEKSANDRA MRELA, ALEKSANDRA S C K a O V , STANiSLAV IVANOV, SERGIY PRYLYFKO. Decision stpport system-The help for vocational guidance of law graduates, 2 0 1 4 .
[ 3 ] . WAGHMODE M. L, DR. P.P. JAMSANDEKAR, IJARCSSE, A Study of Expert System for Care&-Selection: Lit&'ati^e Review, 2 0 1 5 .
[ 4 ] . AYDAN MEYDAN AND AU GOKSU, The Use of Artificial intelligence In Vocational Guidance, Society& Behavioural Science, 2015.
[51. TD<TAS YD, ISTANBUL, W^-based artificial intelligence techniques: Prep&ation of simulators In edcation, Mannara University; 2 0 1 0 .
[ 6 ] . RAJIV B H A H & DR DARSHANA B H A T l , Fuzzy Logic based Student Pedormaxe Evaluation Model for FYacticalCon'ponent of Engineen'ng Institution Sttjects, Int. J. Technol. Eng. Edjc, 2 0 1 1 , Vol.8, N o . l .
[ 7 ] . SHRUTIS JAMSANDEKAR, R.R MUDHOLKAR, P&fonrwice Evaluation by Fuzzy Inference Technique. IJSCE, Vdume-3, lssue-2, May 2 0 1 3 .
[ 8 ] . ALTROCK V.C, IN J. YEN, R.LANGARi AND LAZADEH, Ftjzzy Logic Applications in Eu-ope, Industrial Applicatims of Fuzzy Lc^ic and intelligent Systems, IEEE Press, 1 9 9 5
[91K\NGLM, Another lens: The theory of muttple intelligence in vocational Assesment, Washingtai. USA, 2 0 0 0 .
[101. H f l PHUNG H O A N G P H O E N I X , T R A N THj THU. Giup con tvxng nghi^, NXB Dai tipc Quoc Gia Ha N^i, 2 0 1 3 .
j 6 4 I T A P C H I CNTT&TT K Y 1 ( 6 . 2 0 1 6 )
