P chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn C- Khoa hoc Xahgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 64-70
Tap chf Khoa hpc Trirdng Dai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
MOT S 6 P m r O N G PHAP GIANG D^Y TIEN TIEN GIUP SEVH VIEN NGANH KY THUAT HOC TAP CHU DONG
Doan Thi Tnic Linh' va Nguyin Van Cuong"
Bg mon Qudn ly Cong nghiep. Khoa Cong nghi, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
^ Bo mon Ky thuat Ca khi. Khoa Cdng nghe, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Thdng tin chung:
Ngay nhgn: 08/01/2013 Ngay chdp nhdn: 19/06/2013 Title:
Some advanced teaching methodologies help engineering stiuients in active learning Tukhoa:
Phuang phdp gidng day tien tien, hgc tgp chii dgng, sinh vien nganh ^ thugt
Keywords:
Active learning, new teaching methods, engineering student
ABSTRACT
To assure the training quality for engineering students in order to meet the outcome criteria and satisfy the recent social requirements, we have to concern many aspects, especially teaching methods during training process. This paper presents and discusses some improving teaching methodologies that may help engineering students to learn with active learning methods, in order to receive and comprehend the knowledge, to bring into play their soft- skills and creativity. These new teaching methods could make students attracted into learning activities actively based on the organization and instruction of lecturers. The students explore fuzzy contents as well as missing skills that traditional teaching styles do not focus on. In addition, students will involve in researching on the real problems, discussing in group, generating new ideas, promote their ability and their soft-skill as communication skill, presentation skill, computer skill, etc. From that they can comprehend new professional knowledge and improve their creativity.
T O M TAT
De ddm bdo chdt luong dao tgo cho sinh viin nganh ky thuat dat chudn ddu ra, dap ung nhu cdu ddi hdi cua xd hgi hien nay ddi hdi sic quan tdm din nhieu yeu to, dgc biit Id phuang phdp gidng day trong qud trinh ddo tgo. Bdi viet ndy gidi thiiu mgt sd phuang phdp gidng day tiin tiin giup sinh viin nganh ky thuat hgc tap chii dgng nhdm ITnh hoi tit kiin thiec, phdt huy nhiing ky ndng mem vd tinh sdng tgo cua ngicdi hgc. Vdi cdc phuang phdp gidng day mdi ndy giiip sinh vien cudn hut vdo cdc hogt ddng hgc tap mgt cdch chu dgng dg gidng vien td chuc vd hudng ddn, sinh vien se kham phd ra nhiing dieu minh chua hieu ro, cUng nhu chua thicc hiin tdt chu khong phdi tiep thu tri thdc mgt cdch thu ddng. Ngoai ra, sinh viin se tham gia nghiin ciiu vdo nhiing tinh hudng time te. thdo ludn. trao ddi nhdm, dua ra nhiing y tudng mdi. phdt huy nhiing ky ndng mim nhu kp ndng giao tiip, ky ndng trinh bay bdo cdo, ky nang mdy tinh,... Ticdd tinh hgi tdt nhung hin thicc mdi vd ndng cao tinh sdng tgo.
Tgp chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn O Khoa hgc Xa hgi. Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 64-70
1 GlOfI THIEU
Giao due dai hgc la mgt van de dugc quan tam hang diu yong sy phat trien ngudn nhan luc cua mdt qudc gia. Viec nang cao chat lugng giao dye ludn la de tai dugc toan xa hdi quan tam chii y; van de nay cang y d nen cap bach va la mdt dong nhiing thach thuc Idn ma cae trudng dai hgc ludn phai ddi mat. Lam the nao de nang cao chat lugng dao tao sinh vien bac dai hge? Lam thi nao de sinh vien nganh ky thuat sau khi ra trudng cd the dap ung nhu ciu phat trien eua xa hdi? Mdt dong nhiing each tilp can nhim nang cao chat lugng dao tao va c h u ^ hda chucmg trinh dao tao nganh ky thuat va cdng nghe la doi mdi chuang trinh dao tao va phuong phap day hgc nham dap dng chuan dau ra va yeu eau phat yien cua xa hdi. Day duge xem la mgt giai phap can thiet va tit yeu dong thdi dai ma khoa hge ky thuat va cdng nghe thdng tin phat yiln nhanh nhu vii bao nhu hien nay (cdng nghe thdng tin dang phat triln vugt b^it nhu hien nay). Su tiep can va thu nhan kien thdc ciia sinh vien khdng chi dung lai d giao uinh, thu vien ma con thdng qua nhieu kenh thdng tin khac nhu: internet, tap chi, truyen hinh va cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing,... Chinh vi the, viec ddi mdi phuang phdp day hoc cdn phdi nhdm vdo vai trd trung tdm la sinh vien, khac vdi quan diem truyen thdng trudc ddy vdi ngudi day ddng vai trd trung tdm.
Theo quan diem truyen thdng, sinh vien thudng tiep thu kien thuc mdt each thy ddng, dieu nay lam han che su phat huy tinh sang tao, sy ddng nao, su tim tdi va suy nghT da chieu, sy trao ddi kinh nghiem, ciing nhu kha nang van dyng kien thuc da hgc vao thyc tl.
Them vao do, yeu cau ve nhiing "ky nang m i m " cua sinh vien nganh ky thuat sau khi ra yudng ngay cang cao, day la mdt han chi cin phai dugc khic phyc nhim nang cao chit lugng tan ky su hien nay.
Trong phuong phap day hgc tien tiin, Idp hge dugc td ehdc mdt each sinh dgng vdi nhdng tinh hudng, nhung vin d l thye tl; sinh vien dugc trai nghiem, duge tryc tilp quan sat.
suy nghT, thao luan, giai quylt vin de thdng qua qua trinh ty lam viec, lam vide nhdm...
Qua do, smh vien cd t h i se tilp thu kien thdc chuyen mdn sau ban, phat huy va nang cao nhiing ky nang mem eiing nhu kha nang sang tao.
Phuong phap day hgc tien tiin duge xem la phuong phap khoi day, phat huy tinh ehu ddng, sang tao, tich cue cua ngudi day va ngudi hgc; dong dd lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam yen co sd phat huy vai yd dinh hudng, td chdc cua ngudi day, vai trd thyc hien, thi cdng cua ngudi hgc; ket hgp vdi sdc manh cua cac phuong tien ky thuat hien dai, nham chinh phue chan ly den ea ba phuang dien: kiln thdc, ky nang, thai do. Phuong phap giang day duge ggi la tich eye n l u hpi tu dugc 5 ylu td sau: (a) the hidn ro vai yd cua ngudn thdng tin va cac ngudn luc san cd, (b) the hien rd dugc ddng CO hgc tap cua ngudi hge khi bat diu mdn hgc, (c) the hien rd dugc ban chat va muc do kien thuc can huy dpng, (d) the hien rd dugc vai yd cua ngudi hgc, ngudi day, vai d o eua cac mdi tuong tac dong qua trinh hgc va (e) the hien duge ket qua mong dgi cua ngudi hgc (Le Van Hao, 2008). Theo quan diim nay, viec hgc khdng phai la xem bdng da; sinh vien khdng hpc nhieu qua vide ngdi yong lap nghe thay giang, nhd bai, bai tap da dugc xay dyng trudc, dugc he md cau ya Idi, dap an; ma sinh vien phai ndi ve nhiing gi dang hgc, vilt nd ra, lien he vdi nhiing kinh nghiem thuc te yong qua khd, dng dung nd vao yong cupc sdng hang ngay, phai bien nhiing gi hgc dugc thanh mdt phan cua chinh hp (Chickering and Gamson, 1987).
Thuc te, cd rat nhieu phuang phap day hgc tich eye; trong bai viet nay, chung tdi chi gidi thieu tdm tit mdt vai phuang phap day hgc tich cue dang duge sd dung phd biln d eac trudng dai hpc tien tien den t h i gidi, nhim muc dich gdp it cdng sue vao viec cai tiin phuang phap giang day eho sinh vien cae nganh ky thuat d Khoa Cdng nghe - Trudng Dai hgc Cin Tho.
Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hoe Xa hoi. Nhan vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 64-70 2 M O T S 6 PHU*ONG PHAP GIANG DAY
Tli:N TIEN GIUP SINH V I ^ N H Q C TAP CHU DONG
Hien nay, cd rat nhilu phuong phap giang day tien tiin giup eho sinh vien n g ^ ky thuat hgc tap mgt each chii ddng (Active learning);
trong dd, cac phuang phap dugc su dung phd bien d cac trudng dai hoc tien tien den the gidi cd the k l la: phuong phap suy nghT - timg cap - chia se (Think-pair-share), phuong phap hoc dya yen van de (Problem based learning), phuang phap hgc nhdm (Group based learning), hgc dya vao du an (Project based learning) \k phuang phap nghien ciiu tinh hudng (Case study). Nhirng nguyen tic va cac van de CO ban cua timg phuong phap nay se dugc trinh bay mdt each ngan gpn dudi day.
2.1 Phirong phap suy nghi - tirng c a p - chia se ( T h i n k - Pair - Share) Phuang phap suy nghT - timg cap - chia se la mdt phuang phap thao luan va chia se ciing nhau, dugc phat trien bdi Frank Lyman (1987), gdm 3 giai doan hoat ddng eua sinh vien.
- Suy nghi: Giang vien dua ra mdt chu de (vin de) eho cae sinh vien ciing dpe tai lieu hoac suy nght. Mdi smh vidn se cd 2 - 5 phut suy nghi tim eau ya Idi,
- T^ng cap: chia se va yao ddi y kien cua minh vdi ngudi ngdi ben canh yong khoang thdi gian td 3 - 5 phiit,
- Chia si: chia se nhung y kien da yao ddi vdi ca nhdm Idn, ea Idp vdi thdi gian 4 - 5 phut (Lyman, 1987).
Dilu quan dgng trong phuang phap nay la nhung ehu dl, nhdng vin de dua ra ban dau phai ro rang d l sinh vien hieu duge nhiing gi hg se suy nghT trong giai doan dau tien.
Phuang phap nay cd'uu diem la rat d l thuc hien ung vdi mgi cau tnic lop hpc, ai cung co thi tliam gia vao viec chia se y kiln cua minh, tao duge sy ty tin cho sinh vien dam noi ra nhiing suy nghT cua minh, giiip sinh vien tap trung vao chd de dang hpc, bilt mmh dang hpc gi va da hieu vin de den dau, ddi khi ed t h i neu ra ca nhiing van de mdi cho bai hgc.
2.2 Phuong phap hgc dua tren van de (Problem based learning)
Phuang phap nay xuit hien vao nam 1970 tai trudng Dai hgc Hamilton - Canada, sau do dugc phat yien nhanh chdng tai Trudng Dai hgc Maastricht - Ha Lan. Hoc dua ydn van de dugc dinh nghta la viee nghien ciiu cd chieu sau ve mdt chu de hgc tap nao dd nham myc di'ch khdng chi de tim ra nhijiig eau ya Idi diing cho nhiing cau hdi, ma cdn nham de hgc va nghien cdu nhieu hon nhung kien thuc lien quan den ehii de do (Hmelo-Silver, 2004).
Khi ap dung phuong phap nay, sinh vien phai tu hgc, ty nghien cdu tim bilu nhiing thdng tin cin thiet vdi nhilu ngudn tai lieu khac nhau (sach gido khoa, tgp chi, bdo cdo, thdng tin online, nhiing chuyen gia trong linh vuc lien quan) giup cho viee giai quyet van de;
sau do, sinh vien phai biet ap dung nhung kien ihxXQ, da hgc va nghien cuu dugc de giai quydt va bilu sau ban van de do. Sau khi da hoan thanh viSc hge nay, sinh vien se tu phat trien nhiing ky nang ty hgc, tu danh gia va danh gia nhiing ngudi khac, day la mdt ky nang can thi6t giiip cho viee hgc tap ddc lap ed hieu qua.
Mpt so ylu td quyet djnh den chat lugng ciia viec ap dung phuang phap nay la: (a) phan tich vin d l ban diu va thu thap nhung kien thuc qua viec thao luan tung nhom nhd, (b) tim tdi va xd ly nhiing thdng tin thu thap dugc, (c) xay dyng va td chdc lai nhung kien thdc, (d) xay dyng nhung kiln thdc xa hdi va (e) khuyin khich sy ham hiiu bilt v l nhiing vin de lien quan (Schmidt, 1993).
Phuong phap hpc nay giiip sinh vien y d nen thdng thao ban, vira nam dugc kien thuc mdi, phat triln tu duy chii ddng, tinh than ty giac, tinh thin yach nhiem, sang tao de xuit cac giai phap; vua chuin bi mdt nang luc fliich dng vdi thuc t l xa hgi, phat hien kip thdi va giai quylt hgp ly eac vin de nay sinh (Hmelo- Silver, 2004).
2.3 Phuong phap hgc dya tren boat dgng nhdm (Group based Learning) Phuang phap day hpc dua theo hoat ddng nhdm dang la mgt trong nhdng phuang phap
Tgp ehi Khoa hQc Trudng Bgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn C- Khoa hoc Xa hgi, Nhdn van vd Gido due: 26 (2013). 64-7,0
tich cue nhim hudng den sinh vien tham gia vao ddi sdng xa hdi mdt each d'eh cue, danh tinh thu ddng, y lai. Vdi phuang phap nay, sinh vien dugc lam vice ciing nhau theo cac nhdm nhd va mdi mgt thanh vien yong nhdm deu cd CO hdi tham gia vao nhiem vu da dugc phan cdng sin ma khdng can su giam sat yuc tiep cua giang vien.
Khi su dung phuong phap hgc dya vao boat ddng nhdm, giang vien cd the chia Idp hgc thanh tung nhdm tu 5 den 7 ngudi. Tiiy theo yeu cau va muc tieu cua tinh hudng hoc tap, cac nhdm dugc phan chia theo timg chu de cua mdn hge. Cac thanh vien yong nhdm phai lam vi^c theo qui dinh do giang vien dat ra hoac do chinh nhdm dat ra. Trong mdi nhdm, mdi thanh vien deu phai lam viee ehii dpng vdi cdng vide dugc phan chia rd rang, khdng the y lai vao mgt vai ngudi hieu biet va nang ddng ban. Khi lam vide nhdm, cac thanh vien ciia nhdm phai giiip da nhau tim hieu van de dong khdng khi thi dua vdi eac nhdm khac. Khi cd mdt nhdm thuyet dinh, cac nhdm con iai phai dat ra cac cau bdi phan bien hoac cau hdi de nghi lam sang td van dd. Bai hgc trd thanh qua yinh hgc hoi lin nhau chd khdng phai la su tiep nhan thu ddng td giang vien.
Phuang phap nay giiip sinh vien trong nhdm chia se nhung kinh nghiem ban th^, cung nhau xay dyng nhan thuc mdi, phat trien ky nang lam viec nhdm, ky nang giao tiep va k5' nang xa hdi.
2.4 Hgc dua vao dur an (Project based Learning)
Phuong phap hgc dua vao du an hien dang sir dung rat phd bien d cae trudng dai hgc tien tiin yen the gidi. Vdi phuang phap nay, viec td chuc day va hge thdng qua cac du an hay cdng trinh thuc tl. Dy an dugc bilu la nhung nhiem vu phuc tap tu eac cau hdi, cac vin dl mang tinh chat kich thich ngudi hpc tim hiiu, kham pha (Jones et al, 1996). Phuong phap nay cd the bao gdm cae trai nghiem thilt kl - triln khai, ngudi hgc se tham gia vao thilt kl, dua ra quylt dinh hay khao sat cac ho^t dpng cd lien quan den du an. Bing phuong phap hgc dya vao dy an, sinh vien se phai lam viec theo
nhdm, kham pha nhung vin dl gin liln vol cugc sdng; kl tilp, se thuylt dinh trudc lop va chia se nhung gi hg da lam duge yong dy an.
Trong budi thuydt yinh, sinh vien cd thd sd dyng cac phuang tien nghe nhin, mdt vd kich, mdt ban bao cao vilt tay, mpt dang web hoac mdt san phim duge tao ra. Phuong phap hoc dua yen du an chd ygng tdi nhiing hoat ddng hoc cd tinh chat lau dai, lien nganh va thudng gan vdi nhiing van de nay sinh tu ddi sdng hien tai.
GiEmg vidn (ngudi hudng din) ddng vai yd rat quan trgng yong vide cung cap nhiing du an mau, gidi ban ndi dung, dinh hudng cho sinh vien myc tieu dat duge cila du an, giup cho sinh vidn hieu dugc bdc danh thye tl va nhirng viec can phai thuc hidn eiing nhu viec danh gia timg ca nhan tham gia yong dy an.
Phuong phap hgc dua tren du an tao co hdi eho sinh vien theo dudi dugc nhiing sd thich eua minh, tu minh dua ra quySt dinh vl cau tra Idi hay tim ra giai phap cho cac van de dat ra yong du an; gidp sinh vien hiiu sau hon ve du an. Ddng thdi, phuang phap nay cdn giiip sinh vien ren luydn ky nang thilt kl-trien khai, nhiing ky nang mem nhu: kJ nang giao tiep, ky nang thuydt dinh, ky nang viet bao cao, lap luan... cung nhu xay dung ky nang hgc tap sudt ddi.
2.5 Phuong phap biSu do khai niem (concept mapping)
Bieu do khai niem la phuong phap the hien su lien ket giua nhung khai niem (cum tu) trong mdt chu de, mdt mdn hgc hoac mpt dy an. Giang vien dua ra mdt chii de, y%u cau mdi sinh vien dua ra nhung cum tir (khai nidm) cd mdi quan he vdi chu de va xay dyng bieu do khai niem. Sau do, chia se bieu dd khai niem vdi eac sinh vien khac yong lap va ciing nhau thao luan. Viec xay dyng bilu dd khai niem ddi hdi sinh vien phai xac dinh va xay dyng thdng tin, thiet lap cae quan he cd y nghTa lien quan giua nhiing thdng tin rieng re din ehu dh (DarmofaleM/.,2002).
Phuang phap nay giup cho sinh vien tang kha nang suy nghT va phat trien y tudng mdi,
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phan C: Khoa hge Xa hgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due- 26 (2013): 64-70 phat y i l n ky nang sip xip td chdc y tudng,
xay dyng bd eye trudc khi vilt mgt b ^ bao cao cho d l tai.
2.6 P h v o n g phap "The Fish Bowl"
Phuang phap nay thudng dugc ap dung sau khi ket thuc budi hge. Moi sinh vien dugc yeu cau viet ra mdt cau hdi Hen quan d i n ehii de vda hgc. Sinh viSn cd thi dat cau hdi cho nhihig phin ma chua hoan toan hieu ro, hoac nhiing eau hdi dng dyng ehii de vao thye te...
Nhiing cau hdi nay se duge bd yong mdt hop (bowl). Giang vien se nit ngau nhien mdt vai cau hdi de tra Idi eho sinh vien hoac yeu cau cac sinh vien khac tra Idi. Giang vien se tdng hgp nhiing eau hdi eon lai va y a Idi cho sinh vidn vao budi hoe tilp theo (James Collofelo, 2012).
Phuong phap nay giiip sinh vien quan tam ehu y ban dong qua trinh hgc va day la co hdi eho sinh vien dat nhung eau hdi ma sinh vien cam thay chua hieu rd vi cd nhung sinh vien rat ngai dat cau hdi trudc Idp.
2.7 NghiSn cihi tinh huong (Case studies) Phuang phap nghiSn cdu tinh hudng d\igc su dung kha phd bien va phii hgp dong giang day cac nganh ky thuat - cdng nghe. Vlu to ciu thanh phuang phap nay ehu y l u dya den cac tinh hudng thye te eua ea giang vien va sinh vien. Sinh vien dgc tinh hudng, thao luan vdi ban va trong timg nhdm nhd ket hgp phuong phap nhdm de tim ra nhiing vin de ben yong tinh hudng dat ra. Muc dich chu yeu ciia eac tinh hudng nham mieu ta, yao ddi kinh nghiem ve each thdc giai quylt vin de va nhiing mau thuan khi thyc hien cdng viec duge giao. Bang nhung tinh hudng khac nhau can phai giai quyet yong khoang thdi gian nhat djnh vdi ngudn lye ed h^n, sinh vien dugc dat vao vi tri can phai dua ra quyet dinh, hoac trao ddi va nhd su hd trg ciia cae thanh vidn yong nhdm de tim hudng giai quyet hgp Iy. Su da dang cua cac tinh hudng dugc dua ra khdng ehi khuyen khich sinh vien phat huy tinh chu ddng, sang tao ma cdn dem den su thoai mai, sang khoai ve mat tinh than khi tham gia Idp hgc (Nguyen Thanh Hai etal., 2010).
Sau 2 tuan, chiing ta nhd:
10% nhung gi dpe dupe 20% nhung gi nghe dugc 30% nhiJng gi thiy duac
50% nhiiiig gi thiy va nghe dugc
70% nhung gi noi
90% nhiing gi ndi va lam .u •,
Ik
, bai^lmihS3L Thu ddng
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ f f i l i o i Iii£ii di^j 1
^ro^'"^^'""'"™'''•••"'T 'iSk
Tbam gia trao dot, tfaao luan
PbatbtlujIdeiL C h i i d d n g TInrc hien mot bao cao an tinmg
Mo phong bat clurai: mStldnh ngfaiem jj' Thac hien mot dieu ttiucte ,, . ^
Hinh 1: Sir do dSnh gia hi€u qua va kha nSng tiep thu kiln thdc tuong irng vdi cac ho^t doi^ hpc tap cua sinh vi£n
Phuong phap nay giiip sinh vien cd dil tilp thu ndi dung kien thdc bai giang de dang, sau va nhd lau hon cae phuong phap giang day
truyin thdng, nang cao kha nang trao ddi. phan xet, udc lugng va phan tich van de. dua ra hudng giai quyet.
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hoe Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hoc Xa hgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013) 64-70
3 HIEU QUA TIEP THU KIEN THlTC CUA NGircn HOC VIEC SU* DUNG PHl/ONG PHAP HQC TAP TIEN TIEN
Mdi quan he giiia nhiing boat ddng hgc tap va hieu qua tilp thu kiln thuc ciia ngudi hgc dugc thi hien d Hinh 1 (Edgar Dale, 1969). Ty le tilp thu kiln thdc cua ngudi hge tang cao khi dugc van dyng da giac quan vao hpc tap, yao ddi phat bieu y kien va dac biet la true tiep lam mdt viec thyc te.
Viee giang day va hgc tap chii ddng chinh la td chdc boat ddng hgc tap da dang va phong phii giiip lam tang kha nang ITnh hgi ciia sinh vien.
4 MQT SO THUAN LOI VA KHO KHAN KHI AP DUNG PHl/ONG PHAP GLiNG DAY TIEN TIEN
Trong qua trinh thuc hien va ap dung cac phuong phap giang day tich cue, van de dat ra doi vdi giang vien la lam the nao lua chgn dugc phuang phap giang day phu hgp dng vdi eac chuan diu ra cua mdn hge, ung vdi dieu kien phuang tien trang thiet bi, dieu kien td chuc Idp hgc... Giang vien cd thd ap dung mdt phuong phap giang day nao dd, hoac cd the su dung nhieu phuang phap khac nhau cung Iiie eho mgt mdn hpc de dat dugc muc tieu mdn hgc dat ra. Dudi day xin yinh bay mgt sd thuan lgi va khd khan yong viec yien khai va thuc hien cac phuong phap day hgc tich eye.
4.1 Mgt so uu diem va thuan lgi Viee ap dung nhiing phuong phap day hge tich eye mang lai hieu qua rd ret ve kha nang ITnh hdi cung nhu nhung ky nang mem khac ciia sinh vidn. Mdt sd thuan lgi va nhiing uu diem khi ap dung cae phuang phap nay yong giang day sinh vien nganh ky thuat cd the ke den nhu sau;
Giiip sinh vien ITnh hdi kiln thdc mgt each chu ddng qua qua trinh lam viec ea nhan, lam viec nhdm, thao luan tim ra vin dc, giai quyet tinh hudng dat ra. Qua do, sinh vien se ITnh hdi kien thdc sau hon, nhd lau hon va cd kha nang dng dung thuc tl tdt hon.
- Nang cao ky nang mim cho sinh vien:
ky nang lam viec nhdm, ky nang giao tiep, ky nang thuyet yinh, ky nang ra quyet dinh va giai quylt vin dl, k^ nang sd dung may tinh va nhung phin mim chuyen diing, cung nhu nhiing ky nang xa hdi khac. Ngoai ra, sinh vien se ty tin ban khi trinh bay y kien ea nhan, cua nhdm trudc Idp, trudc dam dong; xay dyng mdt ky nang quy bau cho sinh vien d6 chuan bi tilp can mdi trudng lam viec thuc te sau khi tdt nghiep.
- Phuong phap day hge tich cue ddi hdi sinh vien phai boat ddng yong lop nhilu hon qua suy nghT, tim thdng tin, thao luan yao ddi nhdm... nen hien tugng sinh vien lam vide rieng dong gid hgc cung da giam dang ke.
- Vdi viec ddi mdi phuang phap day hgc ludn di kem phuang phap danh gia, danh gia sinh vien qua kha nang hgc tSp hang tuin cung tao dugc sue ep giiip sinh vidn tham gia Idp hge ddng hon.
- Phuong phap day hgc tich eye khdng chi giup sinh vien ITnh hdi t6t kiln thuc, ma cdn giiip giang vidn thu thap them nhilu -</
tudng mdi, nhilu vin de mdi dat ra td thyc tl, td sinh vien. Dilu nay giiip cho giang vien cd dilu kien tdt dd cd the nghien cdu ty bdi dudng kinh nghiem va kiln thdc cho chinh ban than.
- Ngoai ra, mot uu diem quan trgng trong viec ap dung phuong phap day hgc tich eye la xay dung mdi trudng hgc tap thSn thien, tich cue, nang ddng, canh tranh lanh manh va giiip do nhau cung hgc. Chinh dieu nay se thu hiit sinh vien tham gia Idp hgc nhieu hon; sinh vien khdng bi nham chan va tham gia eac boat ddng hgc tap tdt hon.
4.2 Mgt sd khd khan
Cac phuong phap hgc tap tich eye cdn kha mdi me ddi vdi sinh vien, nen ddi khi chiing ta gap nhiing khd khan nhat dinh, cd thi kl ra nhu sau:
Sd sinh vien yong idp hgc qua ddng gay khd khan eho viec ap dung mdt sd phuang phap giang day cai tien.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoe Cdn Tha Phan C: Khoa hge Xa hoi, Nhdn van vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 64-70 Mdt sd sinh vien ddi khi khdng hgp tac
vdi giang vien yong qua trinh hgc.
Giang vidn cin phai cd ke hoach chi tiet, cy the phuong phap day ciing nhu phan phdi cau tnic chuong trinh sao cho dien tien lien tyc, giam ly thuylt, tang thuc hanh la mpt yeu cau can thiet cho qua yinh ddi mdi phuang phap.
- Mdt sd mdn hgc ed ndi dung khd de dat van de din dit sinh vien hgc tap theo hudng chii ddng, vi thi giang vien can phai kheo leo linh boat de tranh dinh hudng lech lac van de.
- Giang vien phai mat nhieu thdi gian hon de xay dung ndi dung, xay dyng cae tinh huong, cac van de, cae phuong phap de thu hiit sinh vien tham gia cac boat ddng hgc tap.
Ddng thdi, mat kha nhieu thdi gian eho viec danh gia qua trinh va kit qua dat dugc cua sinh vien.
5 K E T L U ^
Ddi mdi phuong phap giang day la can thiet va cap bach dong giai doan mdi hien nay nham nang cao chat lugng giao due; tuy nhien, moi mdt phuang phap giang day du cd dien hay hien dai deu nhan manh len khia canh nao dd ciia CO chd day - hge, hoac nhan manh len khia canh nao dd thudc vai d o ciia ngudi thay, hay thudc vai yd cua ngudi hgc. Cho du phuang phap cd hieu qua den dau, tlii nd van tdn tai mdt vai khia canh ma ngudi day va ngudi hge chua khai thac h i t Chinh vi the, theo chiing tdi, khdng cd mgt phuong phap d^y hgc nao dugc eho la ly tudng. Mdi mdt phuong phap diu ed uu diem va nhugc diem ciia nd. do vay giang vien nen xay dung cho minh mgt phuang phap rieng phu hgp vdi myc tieu, ban chat ciia van de can dao ddi, phii hgp vdi thanh phin nhdm lop hoc, cac ngudn luc, cdng cu day-hgc sin cd va cudi cung la phu hgp vdi sd thich cua minh. nham de ed the dap ung chuan dau ra, dap dng nhu cau ddi hdi ciia xa hdi. Xin dugc ket thiic bai vilt nay vdi eau ndi ndi tiing ciia William Butler Yeats: Gido due khdn^ nhdm myc lieu nhoi nhet kiin thuc ma la thdp sdng niem tin ("Ediicationis not the filling of a pail but the lighting of afire. " - W.
B. Yeats).
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