Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai hgc Can Tha Phan B: Ndng nghiip. Thuy san vd Cdng nghi Smh hgc: 26 (2013): 196-204
Tap chl Khoa hpc Tru'dng Oai hpc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
NGHIEN Ctru XAC DINH NHU CAU PROTEIN VA LIPID CUA CA THAT LAT C 6 M (CHITALA CHITALA) GIAI DOAN GIONG
Tran Thi Thanh Hien', Nguyen Huu Bon', Lam My Lan' vd Tran Le Cdm Tu' ' Khoa Thdy Sdn. Trudng Bgi hgc Cdn Tha
Thdng tin chung:
Ngaynhdn: 24/01/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 20/06/2013 Title:
Protein and lipid requirements for clcnvn knifefish fingerling (Chitala chitala)
Tir khda:
Chitala chitala, cd thdt Idt com, nhu cdu protein vd lipid
Keywords:
Chitala chitala, clown knifefish, lipid and protein requirement
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine optimal protein requirements at three lipid levels for clown knifefish fingerling (Chitala chitala) 2,42 g innitial weight. The experiment -was set up with 12 dietary treament, including four dietary protein levels (35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%) and three dietary lipid levels (6%, 9%, and 12%) in 8 M'eeks The results showed that survival offish was not affected by either dietary protein or lipid levels. Specific growth rale (SGR) offish increased with increasing protein levels up to 45%, hcru'ever SGR offish decreased in treatments of 50% dietary protein. The best growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) results offish fed the 45% protein with 6% lipid were not significantly different fiom those of fish fed 40% protein with 9% lipid, but significantly different from with remaining treatments. The diets containing 40% — 45% protein matching 9%-6% lipid would be suitable for optimum growth and effective protein utilization of clown knifefish fingerling.
TOM TAT
Nghien cuu nhdm xdc dinh nhu cdu protein toi uu d cdc miic lipid khdc nhau cita cd thdt Idt com (Chitala chitala) giai dogn gidng 2,42 g/con.
Thi nghiem duac thuc hien trong 8 tudn gdm 12 nghiem thuc thiic an vdi 4 muc protein (35%, 40%. 45%_ vd 50%) vd 3 muc lipid (6%, 9% vd 12%). Kit qud thi nghiem cho thdy hdm lugng protein va lipid klidc nhau trong thtic dn khdng dnh hirdng din ti I? sdng cua cd. Tdc do tdng trudng cua cd gia tdng theo hdm luang protein trong thuc dn, tuy nhien khi hdm lucmg thuc dn 50% protein thi sinh tnrdng cua cd gidm. Tdc dg tdng truang dgt cao nhdt a nghiem thuc 45% protein vd 6% vd he sd thuc an FCR thdp khdc biet khdng cd y nghTa so vdi nghiem thirc 40% protein vd 9% lipid, nhung khdc biet co y nghia vdi cdc nghiem thuc cdn lgi Nhu cdu protein vd lipid thich hgp cho cd thdt Idt giai dogn gidng Id tir 40% - 45% tuong ling vdi hdm luang lipd trong thuc an 9 vdd %.
1 GlCn THIEU
Nhiing loai ca nudc nggt mdi cd triln vgng dang dugc nghien cuu hien nay nhu cd lang, cd kit ca chach Idu, ca leo vd ca that lat com
(Chitala chitala Hamilton, 1822). Cd that lat cdm la loai ca cd thjt ngon rat dugc ngudi tieu diing ua chufing va cd gia ban cao tren thi trudng (Trdn Thi Thanh Hien va Nguyen Huong Thiiy, 2008). Cd that lat cdm cd kich
Tgp chi Khoa bgc Tni&ng Dgi bgc Cdn Tha Ph&n B Ndng ngbiip Thuy san vd Cong nghi Sinh hgc: 26 (2013). 196-204 thudc Idn, tang trudng nhanh, co khd nang
chong chju tot vdi mdi trudng thieu oxy nen nudi vdi mat do cao ddi tugng cd tiem nang Idn At phuc vu cho nhu cdu ttong nudc va xudt khdu, 6 dong bdng sdng Ciiu Long, ca that lat cdm dugc nudi phd bien d cac tinh Hau Giang, Can Tho, Ddng Thdp. Hien na\-, nufii thuong phdm cd thdt Idt cdm vdi thuc an chu yeu la ca tap. Tu do dat ra yeu cau can phdi nghien cuu quy trinh nudi thuong phdm ca that lat cdm theo hudng phdt ttien bin viing thdng qua viec nghien cuu thay doi thuc an cho cd tiiat Idt cdm tir ca tap sang thiic an che bien. Den nay, van de tten mdi dugc thuc hien d giai doan bfit len giong (Trdn Thi Thanh Hien vd Ngu>'ln Huong Thuy 2008). De phat tiiln thuc an chl biln cdn cd nhiing nghien ciiu ve nhu cau dinh dudng cho lodi cd ndy.
Ham lugng protein tiong thuc dn la yeu td quan trgng nhdt dnh hudng den lang trudng va chi phi thuc dn ttong nudi thuy sdn (Lovell, 1989), Viec tang ham lugng protein ttong thuc an thudng cai thien ndng suat ca dac biel la ca an ddng vdt. nhtmg dfing thdi cung tang chi phi ihuc an. Hieu qud su dung protein cho sinh trudng ciia cd cd the dugc cai thien khi thay the mdt phan protein bdi lipid va carbohydrat ttong thuc dn. (Garling and Wilson, 1976).
Viec bd sung lipid nhu la ngudn nang lugng ttong thuc an thi hieu qud hon carbohydrat vi hieu qua su dung nang lugng tu lipid cua cd Bang 1: Thanh phau nguyen lifu cua thuc an thi nghiem
cao hon (NRC, 1983). Su chia se nang lugng cua lipid va carbohydrat cho protein cung nhu ti le P/E (protein/nang lugng) cua mgt sd lodi ca da dugc nghien cuu ((Tho and Kaushik, 1990, Lee Oh Kim and Sang-MinLee, 2005).
Nghien cuu nay tap trung vao xac dinh ham Iugng protein \ a lipid thich hgp ttong cfing thiic thiic dn cho ca that Idt nham Iam co sd xdy dung cdng Ihuc thuc an nudi ca, gdp phan
\'ao phdt ttiln md hinh nudi ca that lat com thuang phdm.
2 PHL'^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Bo tri thi nghiem
Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien ttong 36 bl nhua (100 L/be). nudc chdy ttan va sue khi lien tuc. Ca thdt lat cdm cd khdi lugng tmng binh ban ddu la 2.42 g/con dugc bd tti vdi mat do 30 con/bl. Thi nghiem dugc bd tri hoan lodn ngdu nhien, mfii nghiem thiic tiiuc an lap lai 3 lan, Thdi gian thi nghiem Id 8 tudn.
Thi nghiem gdm cd 12 nghiem thuc vdi 4 mdc protein: 35%; 40%; 45%; 50% va 3 mirc lipid 6%, 9% va 12%, tuong iing vdi 3 miic nang lugng 18, 19 vd 20 KJ/g. (Bang 1).
Nguyen lieu che bien thuc an chinh la bpt ca, bdt dau nanh, bdt mi. Thiic an dugc phdi trgn, ep vien kich cd 1,5-2 mm, sdy khd va bdo quan d nhiet do -20''C ttong sudt qua trinh thi nghiem.
Nghiem thirc NT 35-6 NT 40-6 NT 45-6 NT 50-6 NT 35-9 NT 40-9 NT 45-9 NT 50-9 NT 35-12 NT 40-12 NT 45-12 NT 50-12
Bftca 31.5 36.0 40.6 45.1 31.5 36.0 40.6 45.1 31.5 36.0 40.6 45.1
B^tdau nanh 31,5 36,0 40,6 45,1 31,5 36,0 40.6 45,1 31,5 36,0 40,6 45,1
Thanh phan nguven Bot mi
28,9 20,3 11,6 2,9 27,9 19,2 10.5 0,0 26,8 18,1 9,4 0,7
lieu (%) D^u
2.1 1.6 1.1 0.6 5.1 4.6 4.1 3,6 8.1 7.6 7.1 6,6
Khoang- Vitamin
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0
CMC 3,9 4,1 4,2 4,4 2,0 2.1 2,3 2.4 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,5 Bgt cd Kien Giang. Bgi dgu nanh .Achenlina, Ddu muc. premix f ilamin. prexmix khodng. vitamin C Cong t}- Vemendim Cdn Tha. dau ndnh Tir&ngAn. CMC: carboxylmethylcelulose
Tup chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai hgc Can Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghiep. Thuy san vd Cdng nghi Sinh bgc. 26(2013). 196-204
Bang 2: Thdnh pb^n boa hoc cua thirc au thi nghiem Nghiem thirc
NT 35-6 NT 40-6 NT 45-6 NT 50-6 NT 35-9 NT 40-9 NT 45-9 NT 50-9 NT 35-12 NT 40-12 NT 45-12 NT 50-12
Protein (%) 35,2 41,2 44,8 50,7 35,3 41,1 45,2 49,9 35,2 40,1 45,6 50,3
Thanh phSn hoa hoc Lipid (%)
5,9 6,1 6,0 6,4 8,8 9,4 9,3 9,5 12 11,8 12,2 12,2
Tro(%) 10,9 12,7 13,4 14,8 10,9 12,2 12,8 15,0 11,2 11,4 13,2 14,6
Nang lirpng (MJ/s) 18,2 18,2 18,7 18,1 19,1 19,2 19,1 19,0 20,2 20,2 20,1 20,1
Ty II P/E ( g m j ) 19,3 22,6 24,0 28,0 18,5 21,4 23,7 26,3 17,4 19,9 22.7 25,0 2.2 ChSm sdc va quan ly
Ca dugc cho an thda man nhu cau, cho an 2 lan/ngay (8 gid va 16 gid). Ghi nhdn Iugng thdc an tiiua hang ngay va dem so ca chet.
Trong sudt thdi gian thi nghiem, chdt lugng nudc ttong b l thudng xuyen dugc kiem tra vd duy tti d dieu kien tdt cho su phat ttien cua ca.
Nhiet dg dao ddng ttong khoang 27,5-30"C, pH 8,0-8,2 vd ham lugng oxy 6,67-6,87 mg/L, TAN 0,02-0,11 mg/L.
23 Thu va phan tich mau
Sau khi kit thuc thi nghiem, ti le sdng, khdi lugng ca dugc xac dinh bdng each dem va cdn todn bd sd ca d mdi be. Mau ca mdi be dugc tru lanh d nhiet do am 20''C d l phdn tich cdc thanh phan hda hgc cua co the cd. Cac chi tieu thdnh phdn hda hgc cua thuc an va ca dugc xac dinh theo phuong phap AOAC (2000) va nang lugng dugc do bdng may do ndng lugng Calorimeter.
2.4 Xir ly so li^u
Cac sd lieu ghi nhdn va tinh loan gdm ty le song, khdi lugng cd ban ddu (Wi), khdi lugng ca sau till nghiem (Wf), tang trgng (WG), tdc do tang trudng ngay (DWG g/ngay), he sd tinic an (FCR), hieu qud su^ dung protein (PER) dugc tinh toan bang phan mim Excel.
Trung binh giua cac nghiem thuc dugc so sanh hai nhdn to bdng ANOVA va phep thu DUCAN d miic y nghTa 0,05 bang chuong ttinh SPSS 13.0.
3 K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Tylfis^ng
Ty Ie sdng cua ca that lat cdm ttong thi nghiem dao ddng ttong khoang 71,1 - 84,4% d cac nghiem thuc va khdng chju anh hudng tuong tac gida cac nhan tfi protein va lipid. Ket qua thi nghiem cho thdy vdi thuc dn cd ham lugng protein khac nhau d 3 miic lipid khac nhau Ididng anh hudng &&[i ty Ie song ciia ca.
Kit qua ty le song cua cd that lat cdm tirong tu ket qua nghien ciiu cua Le Nggc Dien et al, (2006) tten cd that lat (Notopterus notopterus), khi an thuc an cd ham Iugng protein khac nhau, ty le sfing dat 57% - 65% va khfing cd su khac biet giiia cdc nghiem thiic. Ket qua nay cung dugc ghi nhdn d ca rd ddng {Anabas testudineus) giai doan gidng d 3 muc protein - lipid khdc nhau (Tran Le Cam Tu va Trdn lili T h ^ h Hiln, 2006). Nghidn cuu cua Lee Onh Kim and Sang-MinLee (2005) tren cd Pseudobagrus fulvidraco cung cho ket qud ti le sdng ciia cd dat tren 90% va khdng cd su anh hudng ciia ham lugng protein vd lipid trong thiic an.
Tgp chi Khoa bgc Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Pbdn B: Ndng nghiip. Thuy san vd Cdng nghi Smh bgc. 26 (2013). 196-204 Bang 3: Ty le soug ciia ca that lat com
Lipid (%)
Gid ttj Pkhi phan Protein
Lipid Tuong tac P X L
Protein
(%)
3540 45 50 35 40 45 50 35 40 45 50
Ty Ie song 72,2±1,92'
(%)
8I,1±8,39"
80,0±5,77' 74,4±5,09"
75,S±11,71"
74,4±10,18' 84,4±7,70"
74.4±8,39' 73,3±6,67' 71,1±1,92"
72,2±1,92"
71.1±1,92"
tich ANOVA hai nhan to 0,327 0.144 0.531 Ghi chu- Gid tri ihe hien la sd tmng binh = do l^ch chudn Cdc so liiu ciing nam irong mdt cot cd mang chu cdi giong nhau ihi sai khdc khong co y nghia (p >0,05) 3.2 Sinh trudng
Sau 8 tudn thi nghiem cd dat khdi lugng ttr 3,92 - 8,00 g/con tiiy nghiem thuc, Tdc dd tang ttudng ciia ca cang nhanh khi ham lugng protein trong thiic an tdng, Tuy nhien, d cdc nghiem thuc cd muc protein 50% tang trudng ciia ca gidm ro vd thap hon vdi cdc nghiem thiic cd muc protein khac. Dieu nay cho thdy thuc an cd ham lugng 50% protein vugt qud nhu cau, khdng thich hgp cho ca. Theo Trdn Thi Thanh Hien va Nguyen Anh Tudn (2009), neu thiic dn cung cdp qua nhilu protein thi protein du khdng dugc co till hdp thu de tdng hgp protein mdi ma su dung d l chuyin hda thdnh nang lugng hoac thdi ra ngoai. Them vdo do CO the cdn phdi tfin them nang lugng cho qua ttinh tieu hda protein du thua, vi the sinh tiudng ciia co the giam. Ca cd khdi lugng gia tang (WG) cao nhdt d nghiem thuc 45%
prolein-6% lipid (5,59 g/con), khdc biet khdng cd y nghTa tiiong ke ip >0.05) so vdi nghiem thuc 40% protein-9% lipid vd 45% protein-9%
lipid (gid tti tang tiirdng ldn lugl Id 5,46 va 5,42 g/con) nhung khdc biet cd y nghia thong
ke (p <0,05) so vdi cac nghiem thiic khac.
Tuong tu, tdc do tang trudng tuyet ddi (DWG) td 0,027 - 0,102 g/ngay, cao nhdt d nghiem thuc 4 5 % protein - 6% lipid (0,102 g/ngdy), khac biel khdng cd y nghia thong ke (p >0,05) so vdi nghiem tinic 40% protein - 9% lipid va 4 5 % lipid 9% lipid (0,099 g/ngay) nhung khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke so vdi ngiem thuc cdn Iai.
Ket qud thi nghiem cho thdy cd su dnh hudng tuang tac giua hai nhdn td protein va lipid ien tang truong cua ca (Bang 4). Vdi miic protein tu 35 - 40% protein khi tdng ham lugng lipid tii 6% len 9% cho thdy sinh trudng cua cd dugc cdi thien. Tuy nhien, d tdt ca cac miic protein khi muc lipd tang Ien 12% (tuong ling vdi ndng lugng 20 KJ/g thuc an) thi sinh trudng cua ca lai giam xudng so vdi nghiem thiic cd muc lipid thap hon. Dieu nay cho thdy vdi muc nang lugng 20 KJ/g thiic an la qua cao cho ca thdt lat cdm, ddn den viec giam lugng thuc an an vao va thilu dinh dudng cho tang ttudng (Deniels and Robinson, 1986). Kit qua tang trgng cua cd khac biet khfing cd y nghia thdng ke giua cdc nghiem thuc cd miic lipid 6 vd 9% cho tiiay lipid khdng till hien dugc hieu qud ttong viec chia s6 nang Iugng cho protein, Trdn Le Cdm Tii va Trdn Thi Thanh Hiln (2006) nghien cuu kha ndng chia se nang lugng cua lipid cho protein trong thuc an cua ca rd ddng giai doan gidng vdi cdc miic protein-Iipid khac nhau ciing da kit ludn tirong tu. Ben canh dd, De Silva et al. (I99I) da ket ludn tang trudng cua ca rd phi lai (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) khac biet khdng cd y nghTa thong ke (p >0.05) khi tang ham lugng lipid trong tinic an lu 6% len den 24%, Nghien ciiu ty le tdi uu ve prolein-nang lugng cho cd chem gidng (Lates calcarifer) vdi 3 muc protein va 3 muc nang lugng khac nhau cho thay cd su tuong lac giiia hai nhan td protein va nang lugng nhung hieu qua till kiem protein cua nang lugng thuc an khdng dugc ^ i nhan trong thi nghiem (Tran Qudc Binh et al, 2009).
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha PhdnB. Ndngnghiip. Thuy san va Cdng nghi Sinh bgc: 2612013): 196-204 Bang 4: Sinh tnrdng ciia ca that lat com voi thirc an thi nghiem c6 ham lu-gng protein va lipid
khac nhau Lipid (%)
Gia tri P kh Protein Lipid Tucmg tac F
Protein (%) 35 40 45 50 35 40 45 50 35 40 45 50
Wi 2,43±0,06' 2.39±0,05' 2.40±0,01' 2,41±0,04"
2,41±0,02"
2,42±0,02' 2,46±0,01' 2,45±0,08"
2,42±0,05' 2,40±0,03"
2.41±0.03"
2.45±0,01' phan tich ANOVA hai nhan to
x L
0,377 0,246 0,531
W,(g) 4,05±0,27"
6,72±0.29'' 8.00±0,54' 6,06±0,59'' 4.75±0,93"
7,88±0,28°
7,88±O,10' 4,63±0.43"
4.30±0,20' 6,83±0,88' 6,83±0.18' 3.92±0,36"
0,000 0,001 0,504
WG(g) 1.62±0,28' 4,33*0,27' 5,59±0,55' 3,65±0,59'' 2.34±0,94' 5,46±0,26' 5.42±0,10' 2,18±0,49"
1.87±0,20"
4,43±0,90' 4,42±0,19' 1.48±0.36' 0,000 0,001 0,001
DWG (g/ngiy) 0,029±0,005' 0,079±0,005' 0,102±0,010' 0,066±0.01l' 0,043±0,017"
0,099±0,005' 0,099±0,002' 0,040*0,009"
0,034±0,004*
0,081*0.016' 0,080±0,003' 0,027±0,0O7' 0,000 0,001 0,001 Ghi chu- Gid tri the hien la so irung binh ± do lech chudn
Cdc sd liiu ciing nam trong mdt cgl cd mang chir cat gidng Ket qua phan tich tuong quan bac hai giua ham lugng protein ttong thuc an vd SGR cho thdy nhu cau protein tdi uu cua ca giam khi tang muc lipid td 6 den 9%. Ci muc lipid 6%, nhu cau protein cho su tang ttudng tdi da ciia cd thdt lat cdm la 44,2% vdi loc dg tdng trudng
nhau ihi sai khdc khdng co y nghTa (p>0.05) tuong doi la 2,14%/ngay (Hinh 1). 6 muc 9%
lipid nhu cdu ham lugng protein trong thiic an de ca tang trudng tdi da la 42,5% va khi do tdc dp tang truoTig tuong ddi dat gid tti cao nhdt la 2,32%/ngay (Hinh 2).
en 2.80 2.40 2.00 1.60 1.20 0.80
y = -0,0147x^+1.299x-26.56 R^ = 0.9984
y ^ A
41 43 45 47 Ham lirgng protein (%)
Hinh I: Nhu cau protein cua ca thi nghiem fr mirc 6% lipid
Tgp chi Klioa li(K Tnrang Dai bpc Cdn Tha FhdnB. Nong nghidp, Thuy san va Cong nghf Sinli hoc: 26 (2013f. 196-204
y = -0.0189x^ + 1.6054X - 31.775 R - = l
2.4U n
2.00 •
S '-^o'
? 1.20 • as
^ 0.80 J
0.40 -
0.00 -
/
~ ' ^ \ ^ X .
^ v •
A
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 Ham lugng protein (%)
Hinh 2: Nhu diu protein ciia cd thi nghi|m d muc 9% lipid Qua kit qua nghien ciiu cho thay ddi vdi ca
thdt idt cdm thi muc protein Id 44, 2 % protein vdi 6% lipid hoac 42,5% protein vdi 9% lipid (tuong ling vdi muc nang lugng 18-19 MJ/g thuc dn cho sinh truong lot nhdt. Khi so sanh vdi nhom ca cd vay ket qua nhu cau protein cua ca that lat cdm tuang duong cd 16c bfing la 46.5% (Trdn Thi Thanh Hien et al.20Q5 ) , cd Idc (Channa striata) 40% protein va 13%
lipid (Samantaray and Mohanty, 1997), cao ban ca rfi dong 32% protein (Trdn Le Cdm Tu vd Trdn Thj Thanh Hien, 2006). Khi so vdi mfit sd loai ca da tron, nhu cdu protein trong thiic an de dat tang truong tdi da ciia ca that lat cdm thi nghiem cao hon so vdi ca tta gidng (40,5% protein), cd basa gidng (35% protein), nhtmg thdp hon ca hu gidng (Pangasius conchophilus) (48,5% protein) (Tran Thi Thanh Hiln ero/.. 2004),
Ti le P/E tfii uu cho mgl sd loai ca dao dgng trong khoang lu l9-27g/MJ (NRC, 1983).
Trong nghien cuu nay cho thay tuong iing vdi muc protein Id 45% vdi lipid 6% va protein la 40% vdi lipid la 9% cho sinh tiudng tfit nhat thuong ung vdi ti le P/E Id 24 va 2l,4g/MJ.
Kel qud nay luang duong vdi ti le P/E tfii
tm cho ca Idc la 21,7 (Samantaray and Mohanty,I997).
3.3 Hieu qua siir dung thuc dn
Hieu qua sii dung thuc dn cua cd that lat cdm chiu anh hudng bdi ham lugng protein, lipid va cd su tuong lac gida hai nhdn tfi ndy trong thiic an (Bang 5). Ket qua cho thdy FCR d nghiem thuc 4 5 % protein-9% lipid (1,72) la thap nhat, ke den la nghiem thuc 40% protein- 9% lipid (1,75) va nghiem thiic 45% protein- 6% lipid (1,76), khac biet cd y nghTa thfing ke (p <0,05) so vdi cac nghiem thiic cd ham lugng protein 35% va 50%. Vdi cimg muc protein, cac nghiem thiic cd miic lipid khac nhau thi khac biet khfing cd y nghia thdng ke (p >0.05) ngoai trir cdc nghidm thiic 50%
protein. Ket qua cho thay thuc an co ham lugng protein cao hon 45% khdng dat hieu qud ve su chuyen hoa thuc an cua ca that lat com giai doan giong. d miic lipid 12% FCR tang cao la do sinh trudng cua cd cham, lugng thuc an an vao cung cdp khdng du protein cho tang trudng.
Hieu qua su dung protein (PER) tdt nhat d nghiem thuc 40% protein-9% lipid (1,40),
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tnmng Dai hoc Cdn Tha Phan B: Nong nghiip. Thm- san vd Cdng nghe Smh hoc: 2612013/: 19^2li^
khac biet khong co v nghTa thdng ke (p >0,05) so voi nghiem thurc 45% piDtein-6% lipid \ a 4 5 % protein-9% lipid (1,28) va khac biet so voi cac nghiem thijrc con lai. PER thap nhSt cr cac nghiem thtrc 50% protein tircmg irng la 0,68; 0,48 va 0,30. (3 cac nghiem thiic trong ciing miic lipid, cac nghiem tlitrc co ham lircmg 40% protein va 45% protein khac biet co y
Bang 5: H | so thuv an, hieu qua sir diing protein va chi so tich liiy protein ciia ca that lat com voi thirc Sn thi nghiem co ham lirtmg protein va lipid khac nhau
nghia thong ke [p <0,0S) so vdi cac nghiem thiic 35"'o protein va 50% protein (Bang 5).
Dieu nay cho thay thiic an co ham luong protein tir 40 - 45% ca tang trucmg nhanh nen hieu qua sir dung protein cao. PER ciia ca that lat com ttrong duong vdi ca Idc giong (PER la 0,7- 1.3) (Samantaray and Mohanty, 1997).
Lipid (%) Protein (%) FCR PER NPU (%)
35 40 45 50
5,61±0.92' 2.35*0,07*
1,76±0,16"
2.95±0.55'
0.52±0,08"
1,03*0,03*
1,28±0.12' 0.68±0.12'
4.52±0.20"
13.32*0,65' 16,97±0.28' 9,46±0.54' 40
45 50
4.37±0.80' I.75±0.08' 1,72±0,04' 4.21±0.51'
0.67±0,14' 1.40±0,07' 1,28±0,03' 0.48±0,05'
6,87±0,07' 16.56±0.1l' 18.39*0,74*
6.88±0.15''
45 50
5,71±0,91°
2.35*0.43*
2.51*0.14*
6.67*0.18'
0,50*0,07"
1.08*0.21' 0.88*0.05' 0.30*0.01"
4,03*0,52' 12,37*0,33' 11.91*0.37' 4.30*0.56"
Gia tri P khi phan tich ANOVA hai nhan to Protein
Lipid Tucmg tac P X L
0.000 0,000 0.000
0,000 0,000 0,000
0.000 0.000 0.000 Ghi chu. Gid iri the hien Id so Ining binh = 3d lech chudn
Cdc sd lieu cimg ndm trong mdi cdi co mang cha cdi gidng nhau Ihi sai khac khdng cd y nghia fp>Q. 05) Chi sd NPU la hieu suit protein tich luy
dtrgc tir protein an vao trong ca the cua ca, chi sd nay diing de danh gia hieu qua cOa cac ngudn protein khac nhau. Tuong tu nhu PER, vdi ciing mot ngudn protein cung cap cho thiic an thi chi sd NPU se cao d thiic an cd muc protein thap (TrSn Thi Thanh Hien va Nguyin Anh Tuan, 2009). Qua Bang 5. chi sd NPU trong khoang 4,03 - 18.39%, cao nhat la nghiem thitc 45% protein-9% lipid (18.39%).
tidp theo la nghiem thirc 40% protein-9% lipid (16,97%).
Kdt qua vd FCR, PER va NPU cho thiy hieu qua sii dung thiic an cua ca dat tdt nhat d miic protein tir 40%-45%. Hieu qua sil dung thitc an cua ca giam cac nghiem thuc ham lupng protein 50% va lipid 12%
3,4 Thanh phan sinh hoa ciia ca Thanh phan sinh hda ciia ca khdng chiu anh hudng bdi sir tuong tac giira hai nhan td protein va lipid trong thirc an. Ham lugng protein trong ca the ca cd khuynh hudng tang din theo mirc tang ham lugng protein trong thirc an. Ham lugng protein ciia ca d cac miic lipid khac nhau trong thirc an cung khac biet khdng cd y nghta thdng ke ip >0.05) (Bang 6).
Ham lugng protein ciia ca cao nhat d nghiem thiic 45% protein-9% lipid (13.91%). tidp theo la nghiem thitc 50% protein-9% lipid (13.62%)
\ a thap nhat d cac nghiem thirc 35% protein.
Nhu vay. ham lugng ptatein trong ca the ca chiu anh hudng bdi ham lugng protein ciia thitc an. Ket qua nay tucmg tu nghien cihi cua Samantaray and Mohanty (1997) nen ca Idc, Lee and Sang Min Lee (2005) tren ca da tron bragid (P. fiilvidraco).
Tap chi Khoa lioc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B' Ndng nghiip, Tlmy san vd Cong nghi Sinh hgc 26(2013). 196-204 Bang 6: Thanh
Lipid (%) 6
9
phan sinh hoa ciia ca sau thi nghi|ir Protein (%)
35 40 45 50 35 40 45 50 35 40 45 50 Gia tri P khi phan tich ANOVA hai
Protein Lipid Tucmg tac P X1
Am do (%) 81.62*0,97' 80,64*0,06' 80,50*0,70' 80,40*0.08"
81,07*0,62*
81,46*0.78' 80,00*0,49"
80,65*0.61' 81,82*1.59' 81,53*1,49"
80,55*0,36"
80,20*1,53"
i nhan to 0.031 0,780 0,770
1
Protein (%J 11,36*1,05"' 12,91*1,09"'' 13,08*0,76"'' 13,48*0.33'"
11,76*1,69"' 12,21*0,98"'' 13,91*0,16' 13,62*0,77"
10,99*2,12' 12,44*1,75""
13,43*0.61""
13,46*2.11""
0,005 0,851 0,964
Lipid (%) 2,57*0,45"
1,76*0,28' 1,83*0,17"
1,81*0,17"
2,21*0,25"
2.12*0,39'' 1,71*0,05"
1,92*0,25"
2,75*0,14' 2,50*0,29"
2,95*0,35' 1,83*0,49"
0,000 0,070 0,351
Khoing(%) 4,44*0,06' 3,68*0,19*
3,90*0,50'"
3,54*0,03"
3,80*0,06""
4,17*0,15°' 3,70*0,39*
3,81*0,08'"
3,66*0.05*
3,52*0,66"
3,97*0,01"
3,59*0,17*
0,023 0,043 0,050 Ghi chd: Gid tri the hien Id so trung binh ~ do lich chuan
Cac so liiu cidng nam trong mot col co mang chir cdi gidng Thanh plidn lipid trong co the cd cd khuynh hudng giam dan theo muc tang hdm lugng protein trong thdc an vd tang theo miic tang ham lugng lipid Uong thuc an. Ham Iugng lipid cua ca cao nhat d nghiem thiic 4 5 % protein-12% lipid (2,95%) va nghiem thuc 50 -6 CO gid tri thdp nhdt (1,81%). Theo De Silva et al, (1991), vdi ihuc an cd cCing muc protein, hdm lugng lipid trong ca the ca ro phi lai tang cd y nghTa khi hdm lugng lipid trong thuc an gia tdng. Samantaray and Mohanty (1997) nghien cuu nhu cdu protein va lipid tren ca Idc giong cung cho ket qua tuang tu. K^l qud nay cung dugc ghi nhdn tren mdt sd nghien ciiu hdm lugng lipid cua ca gia tang khi ham iugng lipid vd nang Iugng thiic dn gia tang mgt so loai ca (Hillestad and Johnsen (1994), Peres and Oliva Teles (1999). Ham lugng khoang trong co the ca dao dgng trong khoang 3,52 - 4,44%. Mac dii cd su khac biet giiia cac nghiem thuc nhung su chenh lech cua chi tieu nay khong dang ke va it anh hudng den thanh phdn sinh hda ciia cd.
4 KET LUAN
Su dung thiic dn ch6 bi^n cd 45% protein va 6% lipid hoac 40% protein va 9% lipid (tucmg ung vdi ti le protein/nang lugng P/E la 24 va 21.4g/MJ) thich hgp dg nuoi cd that com
nhau Ihi sai khdc khdng co y nghia (p>0,05) giai doan gidng dat hieu qua. Tang trudng va hieu qua su dung thuc an cua ca giam khi thuc an cd muc 50% protein va lipid 12%.
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