Moi quan he gia dinh, nha trifolng va cpng dong trong giao due dao dufc, idi sdng cho hpc sinh - phan tich tir if thuyet cua Joyce Epstein
Nguyen Thj Ngpc Lign TnJtmg 03l hgc SU ph^m m NOi 136 Xuin Thijy. Cau G\iy, Hi NOi, Vi^t Nam Email: [email protected]
TOM TAT: Tiip cin theo If thuyit cua Joyce Epstein ve 6 kiSu tham gia cua gia dinh, cdng ddng vao giio due nha trUdng, bai viit dua ra nhdng chi dan hOu ich cho cha me ve cic hinh vi tham gia vao ho^t dgng giio dgc nhi trudng, y nghTa ma sU tham gia niy mang lai cho cha me vi con cii hg. Dong thdi, dUng tu phia nhi trudng cung can nh$n ra ring, cic gia dinh khdng thi chu ddng vi tu biet cich tham gia vio giio dgc nhi trudng. De cd thanh cdng trong huy dgng sU tham gia cOa gia dinh vio giao due cua nha trudng, ddi hdi nhi trudng can cd nhdng chien luge, ki hoach rd rang va cung can nhdng hanh ddng cu thi nhu bii viit da ehl ra.
TU( KHOA: Sif tham gia; gia dinh; nhd tnfdng; g i ^ o due dao diJIc; Idi song; mdi quan he.
•» Nhan bai 10/3/2019 •» Nh$n Itet qu§ pfiin bien v i cfilnh sij-a 16/4/2019 •» Duyet dSng 25/4/2019
I.Datv^n de
Mpt ng6i nha vung chac se dugc xay d\mg cSn than tu nhung vien gach dat nen mong dau tien. Mpt nhan each phdt trifin toan di?n se dugc bat diu tu viec giao d\ic (GD) vi dinh hudng ban dau trong chinh moi tnrong gia dinh.
Cling vcri gia dinh, dhk trucmg la nai diia tr6 hgc nhung b^i hpc ve chuan m\rc dgo due, hanh vi, loi song thong qua cac bEki hgc, tinh huong va trai nghipm. Viec ph6i hgp thSng nhat gitra GD nha trucmg vcri GD ciia gia dinh va xa hgi da trcr thanh mgt nguyen t5c co ban giiip han che toi da nhung anh hu6ng tieu cue dkn hgc sinh (HS). Tuy nhien, nghien cuu ciia Lasater (2016) da chi ra mgt thue tk trong GD hien nay: Ca cha mg va thSy co deu mong mu6n mang lai nhirng dieu tot dgp nhSt cho tre. Nha truong no luc d^y con em cua cdc gia dinh va mong gia dinh h6 trg hoat dgng ciia nhi truong, thi cha mg mong muon nha trudng quan tam t6i nhu cau va d^c diem rieng eiia eon em hg. Song ed hai ben Igi it quan tdm t&i tim ra cdch thue hpp tde de mang Ijii nhung trai nghiem GD tich cue va cai thien ket qua hge t4pcuaHS[l].
Nhieu nghien ciiru da chi ra y nghTa su tham gia cua cha m? HS, cgng dong vao cae hoat dgng ciia nha trudng:
Nghien cuu ciia Joyce Epstein tu nSm 1997 ve 6 muc do tham gia ciia gia dinh vao hoat dOng GD HS trong nha tniimg [2]; Nghien cihi eiia Susan M. Sheridan, Elizabeth Moorman Kim (2015) da cho thay moi Hen hg giiia su tham gia ciia phy huynh va thanh tich hgc t^p ciia HS.
Theo dd, vigc eiing co cac kfit ndi gia dinh, trudng hgc v4 cgng ddng la mpt phSn cua giai phap nang cao thanh tich ciia HS [3]. Nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gia Margantoiiu va Eftimie (2011) da phat hign ra mpt sd van de lien quan tdi vigc xSy dvtng mdi quan hg hgp tac giua gia dinh va nhi trudng d Romani - mdt qudc gia cung dang trong giai
% n qua d$ sang nSn kinh tl thi trudng [4]. Hhu het, cac
nghien cuu deu Ichang dinh: Mgt nen GD higu qua phai dua tren su chia se trach nhiem giiia ba phia la: Gia dinh, Nha trudng va Xa hdi.
O Vigt Nam, nam 1993, de tai khoa hgc cdng nghe cap Bg ciia Vo Tan Quang chii tri da khang dinh can nang cao tinh thong nhat, toan ven vk liSn tuc trong viec phoi hgp ba moi trudng nha trudng, gia dinh, xa hgi trong GD dao due cho HS [5]. Tiep sau do, rat nhieu nghien cuu ve d^o diic noi rieng va ve GD nhan each ndi chung da dugc tien hanh...
Hau het cac nghien cmi ve GD dao due deu de c§p den tac dgng ciia nhieu yeu to den GD dao dire cho HS. Thue t6, d Vigt Nam hien nay moi quan he giira gia dinh va nha tnrdng trong GD dao diic, loi song cho HS dii dugc quan tam nhung chua thyc su hieu qua. Trong boi canh co nhieu thay ddi dang dat ra thach thiic ve xay dung mdi quan he giiia nha trudng vdi gia dinh HS: Sir tang len nhanh chdng eiia thong tin den HS va cha me HS; each thiic gia dinh va giao vien trao doi, tiep nhan thdng tin... Neu nha trudng khdng huy ddng dugc su tham gia ciia gia dinh, cgng ddng vao qua trinh GD ciia minh thi cac nha trudng dang ty bien minh thanh phao dai ddng kin thieu sue sdng.
Bai vilt dua tren nghien ciiu ciia tac gia Joyce Epstein, v^n dung vao bdi canh cac nha trudng pho thdng d Viet Nam nham tra ldi cac cau hdi: Tgi sao gia dinh, cpng dong edn tham gia vdo GD dgo due, loi song ctia nhd tru&ng?
Cdc hinh thue tham gia cua gia dinh. cgng ddng vdo hoat dpng nhd tnr&ng Id gi? Vd nhd truang cdn lam gi de huy dpng su tham gia cua gia dinh vdo cdc hogt dgng ciia minh?
Bdi viet ndy du^c tdi tr^ bdi de tdi khoa hpc cong nghf cdp Nhd nu&c: "Nghien cuu de xuat mo hinh gia dinh - nhd tru&ng - xa hpi trong GD d^o due, loi song cho HS, sinh viin ddp ung yeu cau doi m&i dat nu&c vd hpi nh^p quoc ti" Md sd: KHGD/16-20.DT.024.
S616 thang 4/2019
NGHIEN CIJU Ll LUAN
2. Npi dung nghien cuTu
2.1. Nghien ciru cua Joyce Epstein vl mdi quan he giifa nha trUdng, gia iTmh va cong dong trong giao due hoc sinh Trong hon 20 nam, cac nha nghien ciiu cua Trudng Dai hpc Johns Hopkins da lam viec vdi cac nha GD, cha mg HS, HS, ddi tac trong cpng ddng va cac nha ngiiien cuu khac de tim hieu each cac trudng tieu hpc va trung hgc duy tri va phat trien mdi quan he ddi tac vdi gia dmh va cac doi tac xa hgi. Nam 1997, cudn so tay dau tien dua tren nghien cuu ciia hg dugc xuat ban. Cudn sd tay hudng din cac trudng cac thiet ke va trien khai cac chuang trinh, ke hoach hgp tac voi gia dinh va cdng ddng trong GD tre. Tiep theo dd, nam 2002 Joyce Epstein cimg cac cgng sy ciia minh tai Trudng Dai hoc Johns Hopkins phat trien nghien ciiu cua minh de du ra ra 6 kieu mdi quan he giiSa gia dinh, cgng ddng va nha trudng. Tren ca sd nghien ciiru li luan va tim hieu thyc tl d cac trudng pho thong tir txeu hpc den trung hpc, nhdm nghien ciiu ciia Joyce Epstein da dua ra khung li thuyet gdm 6 kieu tham gia ciia gia dinh va cgng ddng vao GD dao diic cho HS [6].
Sau kieu tham gia ciia gia dinh va cgng ddng vao GD dao diic cho tre dupe mo ta trong khung li thuyet eua Joyce Epstein gdm:
(1) GD trong gia dinh: Cac hoat dgng GD trong gia dinh giiip phat tnen nhan cdch tre. Nha trudng td chiic cac hdi thao ve nudi d^y con de ciing cd cac hanh vi tich cue cho tre trong gia dinh.
(2) Giao tiip: Giao tiep hai chieu la can thiet trong su phdi hgp giua nha trudng, gia dinh va cgng ddng. Giao tiep hieu qua khien cac chuan dao diic va gia tri dao diie ehung dupe y thirc, chia se va ciing co d mpi tinh hudng.
(3) Tinh nguyin: Hoat ddng tinh nguyen la hoat dgng ma gia dinh va to chuc cgng ddng san sang tdi trudng, danh thdi gian va chuyen mon ciia hg theo nhieu each khac nhau, de hd trg cac hoat dpng ciia nha trudng: Td chtic cho HS tham gia cac hoat dgng tinh nguyen vi cgng ddng chinh la mpt phucmg phap giup HS ap dung cac gia tri dao due d3 dugc hgc d nha trudng va d nha.
(4) Viec hpc & nha: Cha me ddng hanh cimg con cai trong hoat dgng hpc tap tai nha Nha trudng hd trg cha mg de hp cimg theo doi va giiip dd HS trong viec hgc a nha.
Nha trudng cQng khuyen khich cha me va HS thao luan ve nhiing pham chat dao diic cu the; yeu cau cha mg va HS tim cac vi dy cua nhiing ngudi d dia phuang hoSc trong lich sit the hien cac pham chat dao due do.
(5) Tham gia vdo viee ra quyil dinh: Cha me HS, cgng ddng tham gia vao viec ra quyet djnh ciia nha trudng. Hpi ddng nha trudng can khuyen khich tham gia ciia cha me va cgng ddng vao cac quyet dmh ciia trudng. Nha trudng can uu tien GD dao diic, xay dyng chuang trinh GD, thdng bao rpng rai cac gia tri nha trudng chii trgng, ke hoach va cac ho^t dpng nham thyc hien chuang trinh GD cho cha me va cpng ddng de hg ciing tham gia.
(6) Hpp tde v&i cpng ddng- Thiet lap mdi lien hg giiia nha trudng va cpng ddng nham tdi uu hda cac ngudn lyc trong nha trudng va tir cgng ddng nhSm hd trg hoat ddng hgc t|ip.
GD HS. Nha trudng xay dung mdi quan hg hgp tic vdi cac td chuc, dich vu hd trg phdt triin GD d^o ddc cho HS; t?o khdng gian va dilu kign cho cac td chiic cgng ddng cung cj lai nhung gii tri ma HS da hgc d nha vk a trudng.
Nhu vay, hinh thanh phSm ch4t nhan each, d^o due cho tre can ed mpt chuang trinh phdi hgp, ddi hdi tiep c ^ tok dign, vdi cac hoat dgng lien quan tdi sau sy tham gia cua gia dinh va cpng ddng. GD dao due cho the h? tre la trach nhigm cua ca mpt cdng ddng, trong do he thdng GD noi chung va nha trudng ndi rieng can gift vai trd lanh dao trong qua trinh xay dyng chuang trinh GD, thu hiit va dieu phoi qua trinh tham gia ciia cha me va cdng ddng. Cd nhu vay, mdi dam bao tinh thdng nhit, lien tuc, kip thdi va toan di§n ciia GD dao dire, ldi sdng cho HS.
2.2. V | n dung quan diem cua Joyce Epstein vao vi$c liuy dgng su tliam gia ciia gia dinh vao giao due dao diirc, \6\ sfng cho hpc sinh pho thong tai Viet Nam
Trong boi canh cac nha trudng pho thdng d Vigt Nam dang rat quan tam den viec huy ddng cdng ddng, gia dinh cimg tham gia GD dao diic cho HS thi li thuyet ve sdu kiSu tham gia ma Joyce Epstein de xuat la mpt ggi y thiet th\rc de eac nha trudng van dung trong bdi canh ciia minh. Vp dyng quan diSm trong nghien ciiu ciia Joyce Epstein, bii viet de xuat xay dyng sau kilu tham gia cua gia dinh, cgng ddng trong GD dao due cho HS vdi cac hogt dpng cu thi, mtic tieu cua su tham gia va nhirng diiu nhd tru&ng can lam - vdi tu each la chii thi tich cue trong qud trinh GD dao dire cho HS. Sdu kieu tham gia nay dugc md td t6m tji trong Bdng 1.
Phan tich cy thi timg kilu tham gia cua gia dinh vd each thiic nha tnrdng khich Ig sy tham gia ciia hp vdo ho^t d^ng GD nha trudng la nhirng ggi y huu ich cho cdc ben de ndng cao hieu qud GD dao diic, ldi sdng cho HS:
a Tham gia nudi dgy eon edi trong gia dinh Day dugc coi la nen tdng. Id gdc quan trgng eiia GD d?o due, ldi sdng cho tre em. Bdi vi nhirng dilu diln ra hong gia dinh mang mau sac cam xiic va tinh cd the hda cao dg Cling nhu ed anh hudng thudng xuyen, Idu dai tdi tr6.
Muc tiiu: Qua trinh nudi d^y con cai trong gia dinh giiip cho cha me cd the hieu dugc sy phdt triin vl tam li, sinh li va eac mdi quan hfi xa hgi cua con trong qud trinh con trudng thanh. Mat khac, tir viec hilu bilt dung vl con giiip cho cha mg lya chpn phucmg phdp trd chuygn, GD phu hgp vd higu qua. Day Id ca sd quan trgng cho vigc hgc t|p vd rin luyen ciia tre tai trudng.
De dgt duac muc tieu tren. trong gia dinh cha m^ ed the thong qua cdc hogt dpng cy thi nhu:
' Cha mg lam guang cho tre trong cac ho^t dgng thudng ngdy va trong cdng viec. Thyc tl, sire manh ciia lam guong ddi vdi GD ldi song cho tre rit to Idn. Maria Montessori da ndi: Hay eho tre thdy lam nhu thi ndo vd dimg noi gi ca.
\cii bgn ndi v&i ire. tre se nhin mdi ban chuyin dgng. Niu hgn chi cho tri thdy. tre se mudn tu Idm.
- Hudng din vd dilu chinh cac hanh vi dao due cho con mgt each cd y thue va cd k! nang.
68 TAP CHi KHOA HQC GiAO DIJC VlfT NAM
Nguyin TW Nggc LiSn
Bing 1: S^ ttiam gia cda gia fflrh, cang (tog v4o GD nlia In/cing va nhOng t i l u nhd triliing can lam
Muc tieu cua sU tham gia Nhang dieu nha trutfng can lam fle khich le sU tham gia
Cha me l^m giidng trong cSc hogt - Cha me hieu di/Oc sU p h ^ hien - Td chile hoi thdo, toa dam giup cha me cac Iden dpng thuflng ng^y va trong cong vific. ciia con (ve tam il, sinh li..}. M c ve tam ii lila tuoi: SU thay doi ciJa cd the, tam
" • • - Tdng ciidng ki ndng GD ciia cha li HS d cac liJa tudi; flac i^em hoat dOng 3 tn/flng, mg. dp li/c mdi quan he ban be
- La dieu kien quan trgng cho viec hoc tap va ren iuyen tai hi/dng.
- HUdng d^n vd dieu chinh ciic hanh vi dgo dCIc cho con
- oanh thfli gian tro chuyffn, gidi ddp nhCng ban khoan, kh6 khan cua t r i - Sil dyng nhBng phuong phSp tich ci/c 6i Cling cfi hdnh vi dao diic ciia con.
Tuyen huyen nang cao nhan thiic ve vai tro cila cha me noi rieng va GO gia dinh noi chung den nhan each HS.
Giao tiep - trao Itdi
- Trao ddi vdi nha trudng vd giSo vien ve d i e diem (tam, sinh 10 cua con, tinh hinh r^n luyln va y thilc 6 nha ciia eon.
- Tim hieu ve chUdng trinh, myc tifiu, cac each thiic GD dgo diJc if tnidng.
- Tim hi^u vS vi?c r6n iuy^n dgo diJc d tnidng va mtle dg tien bp ciia con.
- Tgo sU t h l u hieu, chia si giQa 2 ben- cha me vd nha hi/ting.
- Thdng nhat ve muc tieu. phi/dng phap, each thiic GD dao diic cho con.
- Hieu va danh gia dUpc su ^en bp ciia con d cae moi tn/dng khae nhau.
- Td chi/c cac budi hpp phu huynh.
- Trao ddi tale tiep tU giao vien chii nhiem, can bfl Ooan Dpi, gido vien bo mon vdi phu huynh.
- Tao cac d i l n dan chia se trong nha trudng (kenh gian ^ep)
- Hieu tn/dng tnJc tiep chia s^ cSc chu dS quan trpng cua nha tnJflng
- Hogt dpng cua to/phdng ti/ vdn tam ii trong nha trudng.
- Su tham gia tinh nguyen cua cdc phg huynh vdo hogt dong ciia nhd trUdng:
Dgy hpc va ngogi khoa Hoat - Td chile ngoai khoa eho HS ve cac chii (t^ngtinh de thS mgnh ciia ho: GD silc khde sinh ngjy^n sdn, ki nSng sdng, nghe nghiep.
- Trd thanh cd vdn, hudn iuy$n vi^n cho HS hong tn/dng ve mpt sd hogt dpng nao dd.
- SU ung hd va thau hieu ciia phu huynh trong cac hogt ddng GD dao diie eua nha tn/dng - Tang cUflng va da dgng hda cac ngudn luc trong GD dao diJc cho HS.
- Tao su phong phd, da dang va mdi md trong cac hogt dpng.
- Phdt hien, tuyen tmyen vd tiiuylt phuc cac tinh nguyen vien,
- oao tao, bdi duflng ho cac ki nJng can tiiiet 6i hpp tac vdi nha trudng.
- Len lich trinh, ke hoach eg th^ cho cac tinh nguySn viSn.
- Danh gid, ghi nhan si/ dong gdp ciia ho vdo GD HS.
- Tham gia cung con giSi quyet cac nhipm vg hpe t^p can sg phdi hpp, HQCtapd - Ope sach cho con va cCing con dpc nha sach.
- Danh gia va di€u chinh y tiiilc, thai dd hpc t i p d nha.
- Tgo sU tham gia ciia cha me vao cac hogt ddng hpc ciia con de hieu con.
- Ciing cd ket ndi gia dinh.
- Dieu chinh kip thdi n h i ^ g hgn che ciia con.
- Thilt k l hai tap ve nhd ddi hdi si/ phdi hdp ciia phu huynh.
- Hi/dng dan phu huynh each phdi hdp va danh g i d
- Ddng gdp y kien cho nhflng tuyen bd, sil mgng cda nha tn/dng - Tiing ndi ciia phu huynh trong vigc xay dgng hodc cdi t h i i n nhflng chinh sach ciia nha tiUdng lien quan den HS va gia dinh
- Tham gia xay di/ng quy tde ilng xii va cam k i t thi/c hien
- Tang cudng sfl tham gia va trach nhiem cua gia dinh vao hoat dpng nha tn/dng.
- Tang sil thau h i l u vd ddng thuan trong ihUc hi|n cac chinh sach va ke hoach.
- Tgo sU thdng nhat trong hogt ddng.
- Khich le nhieu hdn cac gia dinh tham gia vao cdc budi hop cai tien hoat dpng ciia nha trUdng.
- Phat huy vai tro ciia Ban phu huynh trong vigc cai tien cac hoat ddng GD dao dUc ciia nhatrUdng - Huy ddng y kien cha me HS vao xSy di/ng ngi quy, quy tac Ung xi( trong nha tn/dng • cung cam k i t thUc hien - theo ddi va dieu chinh.
- Tham gia cdc hogt ddng hpp tac, phdi hpp vdi chinh quyen, td chile Ooan, Dpi, HOI d dia phUdng.
- Cha me chil ddng ket ndi nhd trudng vdi cac ngudn lUc tU cdc td chUe, doanh nghiep, td chile tdn giao, nha chuyen mdn, tn/dng cao dSng, dgi hoc, cac hiep hdi khdc.
- K i t ndi va phSn hdi- xay dgng k i n h tnjySn thdng hl|u qua trong GD dgo dflc cho con qua cdc phUdng ti|n thdng tin dgi chiing.
- Tang cUdng tinh thgc tien trong hoat ddng GD dao diic ciia nha trudng.
- Gan hoat dpng nha trUdng vdi hoat dpng thgc tien lam giam ti'nh han lam, tang sii phong phu hap d§n va thgc tien cua cac chUdng trinh GD dgo dflc.
- Ddng gdp hieu qud vao cdi tiiten cgng ddng va t r u y l n thong dgi chiing phgc vg cho nhd trUdng va HS.
- Khai tiiac ngudn igc xa hgi tfl phia cha me HS.
- xay dung ke hogch, sap xep thdi gian hpp li cho cac hoat ddng gan vdi cpng ddng - Xay dung y ti/dng. bdi dUdng d l cac lye li/0ng xa hpi ttiam gia hieu qua vao GD dgo dUc HS trong nhd tii/dng.
- Ghi nhgn va vinh danh nhOng ddng gdp xudt sde cua phu huynh trong viec ket ndi nha tnidng - cdng ddng de GD HS
Sd 16 thang 4/2019 o9
NOHIbN c u u Ll LUAN
- Dac biet, cha mg can danh thdi gian trd chuyen, giai dap nhiing b5n khoan, khd khdn cua tre.
- Cha mg nen sir dyng nhiJng phucmg phap tich cue de Cling ed hanh vi dao dire cua con.
Nhirng viee nhd truang cdn Idm de khich le gia dinh tham gia nudi dgy con edi tgi nhd: Mac du sy tham gia nay ciia cha mg d kieu thu nhat nay la hoan toan tai gia dinh, song nd ed y nghTa manh me den hanh vi, nen nep va vigc thyc hien ki luat trudng hgc. Do dd, nha trudng vdi tu each la trung tam vdn hda vdi chu:c nang chuyen biet, can cd nhiing hd trg ve phuang phap cho cha me:
- Thir nhat, hd trg td chirc hdi thao, tga dam giup cha me cac kien thiic ve tam li lira tudi: Su thay ddi ciia ca the, tam li HS d cac lira tudi; dkc diem hoat dgng d trudng, ap lyc moi quan he ban be...
- Thur hai, tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thiic ve vai trd cua cha me ndi rieng va GD gia dinh ndi chung den nhan each HS.
- Cudi ciing, nha trudng cd the td chdc chia se, vinh danh nhimg cha me, gia dinh cd ddng gdp Idn trong GD gia dmh va anh hudng tich cue den con tai nha.
b. Tham gia giao tiip, tuang tac 2 chiiu giira nhd truang vd gia dinh
Muc tiiu: Trong GD dao due, ldi sdng cho HS, di&u quan trpng bdc nhit Id su thdng nhdt gifta nha trudng, gia dinh va cdng ddng. DiSu nay da trd thanh mdt nguyen Ii quan Upng trong mdi quan he gia dinh - nha trudng. Tich eye trao ddi thong tin, tucmg tac 2 chieu la ca sd tao su thau hieu, chia se giiia cha mg va nha trudng. Qua dd, thdng nhat ve myc tieu, phuang phap, each thirc GD dgo dire cho con. Ddng thdi cha mg hieu va danh gia duge su tien bp ciia con d cac mdi trudng khac nhau.
O kiiu tham gia thir hai ndy, nhimg diiu cha me edn lam Id: Trao dot vdi nha trudng va giao vien ve ddc diem (tam, sinh li) cua con, tinh hinh ren luygn va y thirc d nha eua con;
Tim hieu ve chuong trinh, muc tieu, cac each thiic GD dao diic d tmdng; Tim hieu ve vigc ren luyen dao dire d trudng vd miic dg tien bg ciia con.
Hien nay, tuang tac hai cliieu giita cha me va thay cd gido d trudng dugc thyc hign chu yeu thdng qua cae kenh gidn tigp (dign thoai, tin nhan, cac trang mang xa hgi...), mgt nghien euu trudng hgp tai Phap chi ra rang: Phuang thue lien Igc gidn Hep dd Id su giao tiip "khdng hdn " giira cha m^ HS vd gido viin da khong mang Igi su thdu hiiu vd thong edm. Moi quan hi gitra gido viin vd cha me HS bj gidm di theo chiiu hu&ng "nghjch ". Thong tin trao ddi tdng len song tinh edm vd sy thdng edm giira gido viin vd phv huynh Igi gidm xudng [7]. Do dd, dk tang eudng sy hieu bi£t va thdng nhdt, ddng cam, nhifiu nudc trong do cd Phap da xay dyng giai phdp trong dd khich Ig sy trao doi tryc tiep gifta cha mg HS vd gido vien trong cac nha trudng.
Di khich li su luang tde. dgc bift Id nhimg tuang tde hai chieu true Hip tir gia dinh. nhihig dieu nhd tru&ng cdn lam Id:
- Td chiic cd higu qua cdc budi hgp phy huynh; dua X^i
nhihig thdng tin hiru ich va gia tq cho cha mg HS. Higu nay.
m6i nha trudng dku ti^n hanh thudng ki 3 budi hgp cha m?
HS/nam. Tuy nhien, thdng tin trong cac budi hgp md nha trudng mang lai thudng it oi, dan digu khien buoi hpp U J nghia.
- Trao ddi tryc tiSp tir giao vien chu nhiem, cdn bg Doan Dgi, giao vien bp mdn vdi phy huynh.
- Tao eac diln dan chia se trong nha trudng - Id san choi cdi md, hip ddn cho ed HS va cha mg cac em tham gia de thau hieu nhau.
- Td chirc chuang trinh 'Thye dan sang" ciia higu truong - trong dd higu trudng tryc tidp chia se yd cdc chii dk (Vi dy: Yeu cdu tdt nghiep, vigc lua chpn nghi nghigp, myc tieu ciia nha trudng...).
- Xdy dyng va diy manh hoat dgng ciia to/phdng tu vfin tam li trong nha trudng.
c. Tham gia vdo ede hogt dpng tinh nguyin trong nhd truang
Tham gia vao cae hoat dgng tinh nguygn trong nhd trudng Id mpt each hieu qua de tdng cudng su img hg va thau hi^u cua eha me HS trong cac hoat dgng GD d^io diic ciia nha trudng. Ddng thdi, tang eudng va da d ^ g hda eac ngudn luc trong GD dao diic cho HS, keo gdn han nhd trudng vdi cupe song thye ciia tre va t^o sy phong phu, da dgng vd mdi me trong cdc ho^t ddng.
Nhirng dieu gia dinh edn lam:
- Cha mg HS tham gia vdo hoat ddng cua nhd trudng bao gdm ca trong ho^it dgng dgy hgc vd hogt ddng ngogi khda.
Vi dy: Trong hoat dgng day hgc, cha me Id chuy6n gia cua cdc linh vye khae nhau: Bac si, ki su, nha nghien ciiu, lugl su... cd thd Cling ddng hanh vdi gido viSn bp mdn trong mgi sd gid hpc phii hpp dk giiip cdc em gan kiSn thiic dugc hge vdi thue tiln. Ddc bigt, trong bdi cdnh vigc hgc cua HS can gin nhi6u han vdi trai nghiem thi sy h6 trg ciia cha mg vdi tu cdch cd van hoae chuyen gia Id rat quan trgng.
- Cha me ciing cd the tham gia hoSc td chiie ngogi khda cho HS ve cdc chii de the m^iih cua hg nhu GD sire khoe sinh san, kl nang sdng, cae linh vyc nghd nghiep md hg U chuyen gia. Ngoai ra, trong hoat ddng ngo^ii khda cua HS, eha me chinh la ngudn dgng vien va hudng dan con tot nhat khi hg cung con tham gia.
- Cha mg hoae cac thanh vien edng ddng cd thd trd thanh cd vdn, hudn luygn vien cho HS trong trudng vk mgt so hogt ddng ndo dd, vi du: Bcri, cac ldp hpc vd nang khilu, cdc Id ndng nghe...
De dgt duprc thdnh cdng trong huy dpng gia dinh tinh ngiAyin tham gia vao ede hogt dgng eiia nhd tru&ng. nhiing dieu nhd tru&ng edn lam Id:
- Phat hign, tuyen truyen va thuyet phyc cdc tinh nguy^
vien: Ld nhiing ngudi cd sd trudng va tam huy^t vd cd th^
sdp xep tham gia cimg nha trudng.
- Tiep theo, dao t^o. bdi dudng hp cAc ki ndng can thiil di hgp tde vdi nha trudng. Day id budc rdt quan trgng vi hp can biet each de phdi hgp vd biet sy tham gia ciia minh den dau.
70 TAP CHI KHOA HOC 6lA0 DUC VIET NAM
- Nha trudng cung cdn len ljch trinh, kk ho^ch cu the cho cac tbh nguygn vien, bdi vi ben cgnh tham gia vao cac hogt d$ng cua nha trudng thi hg cdn d6ng vai chinh ttong gia dinh, xS hpi. Vi^c bilt trudc ljch trinh, kk ho^ch se giiip hg chil dpng sdp xep edng viec.
- Cudi ciing, khdng thi thilu dugc Id sy danh gid, ghi nhan su ddng gdp eua gia dinh vao GD HS. Danh gia, ghi nhgn se Id budc quan trgng giup tao dpng lyc cho cac tinh nguyen vien.
d. Tham gia ddng hdnh cung eon trong hogt dgng ren lity^n. hge tgp tgi nhd
Viec ddng hanh cimg con trong hpc tdp va ren luyen tai nha mot mat giup cha mg va con cai hieu, gdn giii nhau hon, ciing c6 kit ndi gia dinh, mat khdc eha me cd thi dilu chinh kjp thdi nhiing hgn che ciia con.
Di tham gia dong hdnh ciing eon, nhiing diiu gia dinh cdn lam Id:
- Cha mg tham gia cimg con giai quyet cac nhiem vu ren luyen, hpc tap cdn sir phdi hgp. Vi dy: Cha mg d tieu hpe hudng dan con cdc kT nang ty chii co ban; ddng hanh cimg con trong cac dy an bao ve mdi trudng...
- Cung eon ren luygn nhiing thdi quen tdt nhu: Dgc sdch cho con va ciing con dgc sach; su ngan nap, ggn gang...
- Cha mg theo ddi va giiip con ddnh gia va dieu ehinh y thiic, thai dp r6n luygn, hpc tap d nha.
Nhifng dieu nhd tru&ng edn Idm:
- Nha tnrdng vd gido vien can thiet ke bai tap ve nha ddi hoi sy phdi hgp cua phu huynh va cd nhung bao cao minh chimg rd rang.
- Dong thdi gido viSn ed nhiing hudng ddn cu the cho phy huynh cdch phdi hgp vdi con thue hign nhigm vu va danh gid.
e. Tham gia vdo qud trinh ra quyet dfnh eua nhd tru&ng Gia dinh, edng ddng tham gia vdo qud trinh ra quyet dinh cua nhd hirdng cd y nghTa tich cue nham tdng cudng su tham gia va trach nhigm eua gia dinh vao hoat ddng nha trudng;
Tdng sy thdu hieu va ddng thuan hong thyc iiien cdc chinh sdch vd kl ho^ch vd tao sy thong nhit trong hoat ddng
Gia dinh va cgng ddng ed thi tham gia vdo qud trinh ra quyet dinh eua nhd trucmg theo nhimg cdch sau:
- Cimg ddng gdp y kien cho nhirng tuySn bd, sii mang vd myc heu ve GD dgo diic cua nha trudng.
- f)k xuat y kiln trong viec xay dyng hodc cdi thien nhimg chinh sdch ciia nhd hirdng lien quan din HS va gia dmh.
- Cimg tham gia xay dung quy tie iing xu vd cam ket thyc hign.
Degia dinh vd cpng ddng tham gia vdo qud trinh ra quyit djnh cua nhd tru&ng, nhd tru&ng edn:
- Phat huy vai trd eiia Ban phy huynh trong vigc cdi tien cac hoat dpng GD dgo diic cua nha trudng.
- Huy ddng -y kiln cha me HS vao xdy dyng ndi quy, quy tac ling xii trong nhd tnrdng - cimg cam ket thyc hign - theo ddi va di6u chinh
- Khich Ig nhilu hem cdc gia dinh tham gia vao cdc budi hgp cAi ripn hnflt d o n e cua_nha-tnidne.
/ Tham gia hop tde v&i cpng ddng di GD dgo dire, loi sdng cho con
- Vdi kieu tham gia nay, cha mg Id ciu ndi quan trpng giup gan hoat ddng nhd trudng vdi hoat ddng thue tiln lam gidm tinh han lam, tang sy phong phii hip dan vd thue tiln eua cac chuong trinh GD dao diic. Mat khac, ddng gdp hieu qua vao cai thien cdng ddng va truyen thong dai chiing phyc vu cho nha trudng va HS; khai thac ngudn lue xa hpi tir phia cha mg HS.
- Vice hap tde v&i edng dong de GD dgo due, ldi sdng cho con ciia cha me cd thi duac thue hiin thdng qua: Cha mg tham gia cac hoat ddng hgp tac, phoi hgp vdi chinh quyen, td chiie Doan, Dpi, Hgi d dia phuong; Cha mg chii dgng ket noi nha trudng vdi eac ngudn lye tir eac td chuc, doanh nghiep, td ehiic tdn giao, nha chuyen mdn, trudng cao dang, dai hgc, cac hiep hgi khac...; Ket noi va phdn hdi - xay dimg kenh truyen thdng higu qua trong GD dgo dire cho con qua cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing.
- Nhimg diiu nhd truang edn lam gdm: Xay dyng ke hoaeh, sap xep thdi gian hgp li cho cae hoat dgng gan vdi cdng ddng. Day la mdt trong nhiing dieu kien quan trgng dl thyc hien thdnh cdng cac hoat dpng trai nghiem cho HS trong ehuong trinh phd thdng mdi; Xay dyng y tudng, bdi dudng dl cac lyc lugng xa hoi tham gia higu qua vdo GD dao diic HS trong nhd trudng; Ghi nhan va vinh danh nhiing ddng gdp xuit sac ciia phu huynh trong viec ket ndi nha trudng - cdng ddng de GD HS.
3. Ket luan
GD dao diic, Idi sdng cho HS la qud trinh lau dai, ein c6 su tham gia ddng hanh ciia nhilu lyc lugng. Khi nha trudng, gia dinh va xa hoi thdng nhit, phdi hgp vdi nhau thi ed thi cung nhdn ra va ciing co cdc chuan myc, gid tri ehung d xung quanh HS. Dieu nay se giup cdc em ed co hpi thdnh cdng han trong qua trinh ren luygn dao due, ldi sdng.
Trong mdi quan he gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hdi, mdi mdi trudng CO nhirng tac ddng khac nhau den HS. Neu gia dinh Id cai noi diu tien, di ciing ca nhan sudt ddi va GD chii yeu thdng qua hanh vi cua ngudi Idn va mang mau sac cam xiie cao thi trudng hpc ddng vai trd quan trpng nhim dam bao ring cac phdm chit nhan each ma gia dinh, xd hdi mong dpi dupe day va cung ed cho tre thudng xuyen. Them vao dd, trudng hpe edn ddng vai trd chii dao de xay dung mdt each tilp can todn dign trong GD phim chat nhdn each cho hgc trd va dilu phdi ca ba yiu td anh hudng neu hen. Nghien ciiu su tham gia eua gia dinh va edng ding vao hoat dpng cua nha trudng theo tilp can ciia Joyce Epstein mgt mat chi ra y nghia cua sy tham gia, mat khdc nhin manh den vai trd cua nhd trudng trong td chiic cac hogt dpng nhdm thu hiit sy tham gia dy dl gia tdng higu qud GD ndi chung vd GD dgo dire, ldi sdng cho HS ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, vigc vgn dyng li thuylt nay mgt m^t phy thugc vao kha ndng cua cae nhd trudng, mat khdc phu thugc rdt nhilu vdo bii cdnh kinh tl x3 hpi dia phuong, vimg miln ciing nhu trinh dp va nhdn thiic cua cdc gia dinh.
Sdi 6 thang 4/2019 71
NGHIEN Cl/ULI LUAN
T i i ligu tham khao
[1] Lasater, K., (2016), ParenHeacher conflict related to student abilities: the impact on students and ihe family- school partnership. School Community Journal, 26, 237- 262.
[2] Epstein, Joyce L, Coates, Lucretia, Salinas, Karen Clark, Sanders, Mavis G, Simon, Beth S, (1997), School. Family, and Community Partnerships: Your Handbook for Action.
Corwin Press, Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, California A Sage Publications Company.
[3] S, M. Sheridan and E. M. Kim, (2015), Family-school partnerships in context.
[4] Margantoiu, A., & Eftimie, S , (2011), Some issues concerning school families parmershiip, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciencies, II, 42-46,
[5] V6 Tin Quang, (1993), Ndng cao tinh thing nhdt giiia GD nhd truang - gia dinh - xa hoi Irong dieu kien mai, De tai khoa hgc cong ngh^ c^p Bg.
[6] Joyce. Epstein. Mavis G. Sanders. Beth S Simon, Karen Clark Salinas, Natalie Rodriguez Jansom, Frances L.^n Voorhis, (2002), School, Family and Commimiky I Partnerships Your Handbook for Action Second EditUm, CORWIN PRESS, INC, Thousand Oaks, California A Sage Publications Company.
[7] Nguygn Thi H?nh, (2019), Phoi hap giOa nhd trudng.
gia dinh. xa hgi trong gido d\tc dao dire, loi sdng cho hpc sinh - khdo sdt truang hpp gido due tgi Phdp, Ki yeu H^i thao khoa hoc loan quoc M6 hinh gia dinh, nhd tni&ng, xa hgi trong giao dye d^io due, loi sing cho hgc sinh dip img ySu ciu dii mdi dit nudc va hgi nhfip qudc te, thdng 5 nam 2019.
[8] Joyce Epstein, (2008), Improving Family and CommuniP.
Involvement in Secondary Schools, The education Digesl- vrfTfi. eddigest.com.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG FAMILY. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY IN MORAL EDUCATION AND LIFESTYLE FOR STUDENTS - ANALYSIS FROM JOYCE EPSTEIN'S THEORY
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lien Hanoi National University ot Education 136 Xuan Thuy St., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Emali' [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Approaching Joyce Epstein's theory of 6 types of family and community involvement in school education, the article has provided useful instructions for parents about being involved in schools' activities and (he benefits from their involvement. At the same time, schools also need to be aware that families cannotproactively know how to involve in school education.
To be successful in mobilizing family involvement in school education, requires schools to have clear strategies, as well as plans and also need specilic actions which the article pointed out.
KEYWORDS: Involvement; family; school; moral education; lifestyles; relationships.
77 TAP CHi KHOA HQC GlAO DUG W NAM
