KHOA HOC-^UNGDUNC
iTNG DUNG INTERNET OF TfflNGS TRONG CUpC SONG
• TSKH. Ll; DINH TUAN (*)
• CN. N G 6 VAN LINH (•*) TOM TAT
Bdi Viet ndy giai thieu ve cong nghe Internet of Things vd cdc img dung ciia cong nghe ndy trong cupe sdng. Xu hu&ng cong nghe dit phdt triin ien ddu cung deu nhdm phuc vu vd cdi thien iai song, nhu ciu cua con nguai. Trong id, co nhiing cong nghe vd nhimg phdt minh tgo ra buac dot phd co thi thay idi todn iien cuoc sdng nhdn logi. Internet of Things (loTs) la xu hudng cua the giai cong nghi nai mpi thii kit ndi v&i nhau ie idng trong mpt thi thdng nhdt vol nhirng chuc ndng giao tiep, tuang tdc iephiic vu nhu cdu con nguai.
Tir khda; Internet of things, loTs Id gi, ung dmg cda loTs.
SUMMARY
This article recommends the Internet of Things technology ani its applications in our lives. Trends in technology ievelopment are also to serve and improve the lives ani the needs of people, which will have the technology ani inventions creating breakthrough to change the overall human life. Internet of Things (loTs) is the treni of the technology worli, where everything connects easily in a unifiei whole with the communication ani interaction functions to serve human neeis.
Key words: Internet of things, loTs, the application ofloTs.
1. Gidi thieu having identities and virtual personalities Ngiy nay, vifc phit trien cic he thdng operating in smart spaces using mteUigent thdng minh md ra mdt ky nguyen mdi cua interfaces to connect and communicate within cdng nghf, frong tuang lai gan the gidi dugc social, environmental and user contexts". Mft ket ndi vdi nhau bdi hing ty ddi tugng cd kha djnh nghia khac cfta loTs li "Interconnected ning giao tiep vi chia se thdng tin vdi nhau. objects having an active role in what might be Mdi dii tugng dugc xic djnh bdi mdt Intemet called the Future Intemet".
Protocol (IP). Su ndi ket ciia hang ty ddi tugng loTs Id thudt ngu diing de chi cdc doi tuang nay cbo phep thu thap du lieu, ting hgp vi (vdt thi) co thi dinh dang duac (identifiable) phan tich de lap ke hoach, quan Iy va ra quyet vd dong thai chi stf ton tgi cua cdc doi tuang djnh thdng minh. Day la the gidi cua Intemet trong mpt kiin tnic mang tinh ket noi. Y tudng of Things (loTs). niy dugc Kevin Ashton dua ra vao nam 1999.
Khdng cd mdt djnh nghia thdng nhit cbo Ong la mdt nhi khoa hpc da sing lap ra Trung loTs vi tiiy thudc vao quan diem thyc Men vi tam Auto-ID d Dai hpc MIT, noi thiet lap cac chftc ning. Tai [7] dinh nghia loTs la: "Things quy chuin toan ciu cho RFID (mdt phuong
KHOA HOC - U N G D U N G
thftc giao tiep vd tuyen) cung nhu mdt sd loai cim bien khac. Sau dd, cum tfl loTs dugc dimg nhieu frong cic in pham, cic diln din viln thdng va cdng nghf thdng tin.
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Hinh 1 - Tuang tac trong Internet of Things Mpt vi du sau day cho thay biic tranh ciia ling dung loTs trong eude sdng hang ngay:
Khi v i gin cua tnrdc ngdi nha, mdt bd dieu khien tir xa dupe tich hpp vao chia khda se md eua hoac dung van tay &h md. Lenh phat ra tu d khda se khien den hanh lang bat sang.
He thdng dieu khien nhiet dp trpng nha se bat len va dieu chinh nhiet dp d muc thoai mai nhat, binh nudc ndng ciing da san sang su dung, ban nhac yeu thich tu ddng phat ra loa, cd the diing ddng hd thdng minh de gpi chiec xe hai tu ddng ra khdi bai giir xe; chiec vdng deo tay cham sde siie khoe ghi luang calories tieu hao khi chay bd se cd thi giao tiip vdi chiec nhi|t ki, di cho biit ban dang cam eiim va nhac nhd dung tap qua sue... Tat ca nhiing dd vat se dugc ket ndi, Intemet cd the duoc truy cap tu bat eu dau, con ngudi c6 the dieu khiin mpi thu chi vdi nhiing thao tae don gian - do la viln canh tuong lai g§n, khi loTs trd thanh mpt yeu td "mac dinh" ciia mdi ngdi nha hay xa han la toan the xa hdi. [5].
Bai viit gdm cac phin nhu sau: Phan 1: gidi
thieu; Phan 2: cac iing dung ciia loTs trong ddi sdng bao gdm thanh phd thdng minh, giam sat mdi trudng thdng minh, ngudn nudc thdng minh, do ludng thdng minh, an ninh va khan cap,...; Phan 3: md ta mdt sd thach thue eua loTs va ket luan.
2. iTng dung ciia loTs
Trong nhiing nam gin day, loTs dupe biit den nhu la xu hudng mdi nang tam chat lupng cuoc sdng cua con ngudi, dupc iing dung nhieu trong cac liiih vuc [3] [4]:
2.1 Thdnh pho thong minh (Smart Cities) U'ng dung loTs trong thanh phd thdng minh dupe nhieu nha khoa hpe quan tam de cai thien va nang dan chit lupng cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan. Cac iing dung loTs giai quyit rit nhieu van de dat ra trong do thi nhu: Su dung cam bien de theo doi tinh hlnh rd ri nudc sach nham chdng that thoat nudc cap cho thanh phd, giam sat muc d nhiem trong khdng khi, canh sat ciing cd the truy cap eae video de theo doi nghi pham trong dam ddng, ngudi tham gia giao thdng ket ndi cam bien xac dinh mpt bai do xe da day va cac cam bien gui tin hieu tdi cac bang bao chi dan dien tii tren dudng phd de lai xe biit chuyin hudng sang diem dd khac,...
Hinh 2 - lfng dung loTs ve thdnh pho thong minh P CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
KHOA HOC-iTNG DUNG
Mdt si ung dyng cua loTs frong thinh phd thdng minh:
- Smart Parking: giam sit khdng gian bai do xe frong thanh phd.
- Stiiichiral Health: Giam sit cac rung dpng v i diiu kifn vat chat trong cac tda nha, cau cdng vi cic di tich Ijch sfl.
- Noise Urban Maps: Thu thip ban dd tieng dn cho dd thj theo thdi gian thyc.
Smartphones Detection: Phit hifn cic thiet bj iPhone, Android ndi chung vi cac thiet bj cd giao tiep qua wifi hoac bluetooth.
- Elecfromagnetic Field Levels: Do nang lugng bflc xa cfta tram di ddng, cic thiet bj djnh tuyen vi WiFi.
- Traffic Congestion: Giam sit mftc do luu thdng xe ep vi ngudi di bd de tu dd phan ludng giao thdng hgp ly.
- Smart Lighting: Tdi uu hda cudng do cua den chieu sing phu bgp vdi tinh hinh thdi tiet, thdi gian, khdng gian.
- Waste Management: Phit hifn muc dp ric thai ttong cic thing chfta de tdi uu hda cic tuyen dudng thu gom rac.
- Smart Roads: Dudng cao tdc thdng minh vdi cic thdng diep cinh bio, dieu hudng kip thdi hudng di chuyen theo dieu kifn khi hau hay theo cac su kien bat ngd nhu tai nan hoac un tic giao thong.
- Smart Water: Mang cim bien khdng diy de phit hifn vi dua ra tinh hudng ung phd vdi tinh hmh ngap lyt.
2.2 Gidm sdt moi trirdng thong minh (Smart Enviroment Monitoring)
loTs dang trd thinh cdng cu hiru hieu cho
cic kf hoach phdng ngfla thim hga giim nh?
thien tai thdng qua vifc phin tich du lifu, xir ly inh vf tinh, trayen tai thdng tin hinh anh du lieu bing camera hoac cic cim bien gan sin di trayen thdng tin vi trang tim, dua ra cic cinh bio sdm nhit va tham gia vio viec ti chflc itng cflu mdi kM can thiet...
Hinh i C'/ig diing lo B trong quan ly moi tntcmg
Mdt si img dyng cua loTs ttong vifc giam sit mdi tradng thdng minh:
- Forest Fire Detection: Giam sat khi dot v i cic dieu kien de phat sinh chiy nd de tir do phin hoach ra nhung vftng cd nguy co chiy ning.
- Air Pollution: Kiim soit mflc dp khi thai C02 tfl cac nhi miy, khi d nhiem thai ra tii cac phuong tifn giao thdng, cac khi ddc hai phat sinh ttong cic ttang frai.
- Snow Level Momtoring: Do ludng mflc do tuyet rai theo thdi gian thuc de dinh gia mflc dp tron frgt fren dudng vi dua ra cac canh bio sat Id do tuyet giy ra.
Landslide and Avalanche Prevention:
Giam sit do am cfta dat, do rang vi tinh chat dit de phit hifn va ngan ngfla sat Id.
Earthquake Early Detection: Phit Men chin ddng d nhimg nai cu the de dua ra canh bio, du doin dpng dit sdm nhat.
KHOA HOC - U'NG DUNG
2.3 IVguon niro'c thSngminh (Smart Water) hifn theo each thu cdng tiirdc day, ngay nay loTs mang lai nhiing Igi ich to ldn frong vifc cic cim bien dugc tich hgp vio hf thdng vifc quin Iy, kiem soit v i hd frg boat dgng sin do ludng dua ra du lifu lien tyc ve miy chft xuat kinh doanh, frong dd cd kiem soit, giim de tinh toin v i dua ra cic giii phip xfl ly kjp that thoit nudc sach, giim sit lu tten sdng, do thdi nhat.
luu lugng nudc ttdn cic ddng sdng, kiem tta tinh tnmg d nhiim ngudn nudc, dinh gii chit lugng nudc cho cic boat ddng nudi ttdng thfly hai sin...
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Hinh 4- Cfng difng loTs trong qudn ly ngudn nuac
Mdt sd ling diing loTs trong viec giam sat ngudn nude.
- Potable water monitoring: Giam sat chat lupng nudc may d cac thanh phd.
- Chemical leakage detectian in rivers: Phat hien rd ri chit thai ciia cac nha may trong cac con sdng.
Swimming pool remote measurement:
Dieu khiin tu xa tinh hinh nudc trong hd bai.
- Pollution levels in the sea: Kiem tra muc dd d nhiem va rac thai tren bien.
- Water Leakages: Kiem tra su hien dien eua chit long ben ngoai binh nhien lieu va sir thay ddi ap suit trong cac dudng dng.
- River Floods: Giam sat su thay ddi mue nudc tren sdng, dap va hd chua.
2.4 Do Itr&ng thong minh (SmartMetering) Viec do cac thdng sd nhu dien tieu thu, mat dp chit long, mat dp anh sang khdng edn thuc
Hinh 5 - Ung dung loTs trong do Iuong thong minh
Mdt SO ling dung cua loTs trong do ludng thdng minh:
- Smart Grid: Quan ly giam sat muc dp tieu thu nang luong dien, khoanh viing ngat dien, giam sat su cd ve dien.
- Tank Level: Giam sat miic nudc, khi nen, dau trong cac binh chiia, ham chiia.
- Photovoltaic Installations: Giam sat va tdi uu hda hieu suat cua cac nha may nang lupng mat trdi.
- Water Flow: Do ap luc nudc, luu luang ddng chay trong he thdng giao thdng dudng thuy.
2.5 An ninh vd khdn cdp (Security and Emergencies)
U'ng dung loTs trong cac canh bao hiem hpa cd the xay ra, giiip giam thieu tdi da rui ro va han che dupc chi phi khac phuc su cd. Dan eu trong hd gia dinh cd lap dat he thdng phat hien va canh bao rd ri khi gas, khi ndng dp vugt qua ngudng an toan thi thiet bi se phat cdi den tin hieu canh bao de nhan biet va xu ly kip thdi.
.\P CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEI
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KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG
Ifinh 6 - t/ng dung loTs Irong cdnh bdo nii ro Mdt SO img dyng loTs ttong cinh bio an ninh khan cip:
- Perimeter Access Conttol: Kiem soat xim nhip frii phep vio khu vye cim.
- Liquid Presence: Phit bien chat ldng frong cic tnmg tim luu tru du lifu, cic kho dfl lifu dugc tich hgp cac cam bien de giim an mdn thiet bj vi hu hai khic.
- RacUation Levels: Giim sit do ludng mflc do bflc xa tai cac nha miy difn h p nhan ra mdi tradng xung quanh de kip thdi dua ra cic canh bio rd ri.
- Explosive and Hazardous Gases: Phit Mf n ndng do khi va rd ri hda chit frong mdi tradng cdng nghifp, mdi trudng xung quanh nhi may hda chat v i ben frong him md.
2.6 Lmh vuc bdn le (Retails)
Ap dyng loTs trong linh vye ban le cho phep cic nhi ban le theo ddi hing tdn kho va ban hang trong thdi gian thuc. Vdi cac sin pham dugc gan the RFID vi ke thdng minh dugc trang bi cim bien nhu may dd khdi lupng v i chuyen ddng, cic nha bin le cd the tdi uu hda nhieu flng dung di phit hifn su chuyen ddng cua cic sin phim va theo ddi xuat kho sin phim tren ke. Cac nhi bin le dang dya tren cic thiet bj dgc cam
biin v i nhitng doan video de thu thip va xu ly dfl lifu tfl hing ngan ngudi mua hing khi hg di qua cic cfla hing. Nhflng thdng tin niy cd the cung cap thdi gian nio nhflng ngudi mua sam nan lai va cac loai sin phim m i hg mua cudi cflng. Ap dung djch vy difn toin nhin biit ngu cinh tren du lifu niy se giftp lap ra so dd hinh vi cfta ngudi mua hing v i hudng dan cac nhi bin le tdi uu hda b i tri san phim d i thu hut ngudi mua sim tdt hon.
Hinh 7 - Minh hoa he thong bdn hang thong minh
Mdt sd ling dvmg cfta loTs ttong hf thdng banle:
Supply Chain Confrol: Giim sat cac dieu kifn luu trfl dgc theo chudi cung flng v i theo ddi sin pham cho myc dich tray xuat ngudn gde.
- NFC Payment: Sfl dung cim flng tfl tim ngin giao tiep vdi cac the thdng minh, dau dpc the ket hgp vdi cic he thing thanh toin cdng cgng, thanh toin hda don.
- Intelligent Shopping Application: Dua ra cac ldi khuyen ve cic diem bin hing theo thdi quen, sd thich ciia khach hing, ddng thdi dua ra cic cinh bio vi sin phim cd thanh phin dj img, ngiy hit hpi.
PCH KINH TE-CONG NCHi
KHOA HOC - I NG DL NG
- Smart Product Management: Dieu khien xoay vdng eac san pham trong ke va tu ddng hda trong quy trinh hoan tra san pham ve kho.
Z 7 Giao thong thong minh (Smart Transport)
Mdt md hinh dieu khiin giao thdng thdng minh bao gdm cae he thdng: diiu khien den giao thdng; camera giam sat; do dem luu luong, bang thdng tin dien tir; xu ly vi pham; quan ly va dieu hanh van tai hanh khach edng cdng; kiem soat tai trpng; thu phi tu ddng... cac he thdng nay ket ndi vdi nhau de dang, dem lai hieu qua trong giao thdng van tai.
Cac he thdng cam bien se dupc ling dung tren phuang tien va ha tang giao thdng.
Thdng tin duge thu thap tu ddng qua cac he thdng cam biin (hinh anh, khi tupng, mat dp...), sau khi phan tich, xu ly se dupc cung cap ngugc trd lai cho ngudi dung qua cae thiet bi di ddng. Bang each tan dung ngudn du lieu thdng qua mang xa hdi, chia se theo thdi gian thuc eiia ngudi tham gia giao thdng, cap quan ly hoan toan cd the nam bat thue te giao thdng tai bat ky dia diem nao, qua do dua ra nhiing giai phap kiem soat phii hgp.
Ngoai ra, cac cam bien dupc lap dat tren mat dudng se thu thap thdng tin ve ludng giao thdng, khi hau, thdi tiit, tim bai do xe... Cae thdng tin nay dupc he thong may tinh phan tich va xii ly, sau dd cung d p trd lai cho eac tai xe ve tinh hinh giao thdng tren dudng de tai xe lua ehpn giai phap toi uu nhit, giiip han che tdi da tai nan va ket xe.
Hinh 8 - Ung dung loTs trong van tdi Mdt sd ling dung loTs trong linh vuc van tai:
- Fuel Level: Xae dinh ngay miie diu hien tai edn trong bdn, lugng diu nap vao khi dd diu, diu bi lay ra tu bdn, kit hgp thiet bi giam sat hanh trinh de giam sat dau tu xa, xac dinh miic tieu thu nhien lieu.
- Axle Load: Giam sat tai trpng cua cac phuang tien, han che len hoac xudng tai dot ngdt, giiip chdng that thoat hang hda va dac biet la chdng chd qua tai.
- Electronic Toll Collection: He thdng thu phi dien tu khdng dung, giam thieu aeh tac giao thdng tai cac tram thu phi.
- Trafific control and Surveillance: He thdng dieu hanh va kiem soat giao thdng bang eae camera quan sat, phan tich va eanh bao giao thdng qua hinh anh, he thdng nhan dang bien sdxe.
2.8 Dieu khien cong nghiep (Industrial Control)
Trong nganh cdng nghiep san xuat, cac thiet bi ket ndi vdi nhau da md ra mdt hudng di mdi trong viec chia se dir Heu ma trudc day khdng he cd dupc. Ngay nay, nhung cam bien nhd lap tren eac may mdc phuc tap cung cd the thu thap dugc dli lieu ve tinh trang hoat ddng eiia may de tu do ed the lap lich trinh bao dudng eu the.
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
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K H O A H O C - U NG DUNG
Nd cho phep tinh linh hop cao hon cho viec lap dat miy mdc va di ding tich hgp vio he thdng mpig. Sfl dyng khii mfm niy miy cd thi ty ddng thdng bao ve cic thdng sd quan ttpng cfta chftng, yeu cau thay thi, tinh ttpig thieu nMen Ueu hoac yeu ciu vit lifu sin xuit mi khdng cin bit ky sy can thifp cfta con ngudi. Nhd cac cim bien cd kbi nang ket ndi Intemet, vifc ty ddng hda cic qui trinh d p den mdt mftc cao hon ve tinh hifu qua va dp cbinh xac.
Induh.li IJL C o n t r o l
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Hinh 9 - tfng dung loTs Irong cong nghiep
Mdt sd irng dung ve loTs ttong cdng ngMfp:
- M2M Applications: Tu dpng chuin doan vi kiem soit thiit bj.
- Indoor Air Quality: Theo doi ning dp khi oxy vi chit ddc hai ben ttong nhi miy hda chat de dam bio ngudi lao ddng va hing hda an toan.
- Temperatiire Monitoring: Kiim soit nhiet do ben ttong tu lanh cdng nghifp va y ti vdi hang hda nhay cam.
- Ozone Presence: Theo ddi ndng do ozone ttong qua tiinh lim khd thjt trong cac nha miy thuc phim.
- Indoor Location: Phat hien vj til cic vat dung ttong nhi.
- Vehicle Auto-diagnosis: Thu thap thdng tin tii CANBUS di gui cinh bio thdi gian thyc
ttong tradng hgp khin cip hoac cung cip Idi khuyen cho cac ttinh diiu khiin.
2.9 Nong nghifp thong minh (Smart Agriculture)
U'ng dyng loTs trong ndng ngMfp dugc diy manh frong nhflng nam gan diy, nhd dd ma ngudi dan giam nhieu chi phi, tift kifm dugc cdng sfle, ddng thdi sin pham bin ra thj tradng cd chat lugng cao hon. Vi dy nhu hf thing giim sat chit lugng nudc frong dam nudi, hf thdng tudi tieu thdng minh... nhiing hf thing niy boat dgng ty ddng hoac do con ngudi diiu khien thdng qua ket ndi Intemet.
Hinh 10 - ifng dung loTb trong nong nghidp
Mdt si flng dvmg loTs ttong nin ndng nghiep thdng minh:
- Wine Quality Enhancing: Giim sit dp im cua dit vi dudng kinh thin eiy ttong vudn nho de kiem soit lugng dudng ttong nho va sftc khde cay nho.
- Green Houses: Kiim soit dilu kifn vi khi hau de tdi da hda vifc sin xuit cic loai ttai eiy, rau qui v i chit lugng cfta nd.
- Meteorological Station Network: NghiSn cftu dieu kifn thdi tiit ttong cic linh vye dir bao hinh thanh bang, mua, han han, tuyit hay gid.
- Compost: Kiim soat dp am va nhift dp
'AP CHI KINH TE - C O N G N G H I E P
KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG
ttong cd linh lang, cd khd, rom... di ngan chan nam v i cic d nMlm sinh vat khic.
- Anunal Tracking: Theo doi vj tti va thdng tin cfta cic loii ddng vat an cd.
- Toxic Gas Levels: Nghien cflu hf thing thdng gid v i chit lupng khdng khi ttong cac ttang ttai v i phit hifn khi ddc tii chit tiiii.
2.10 Bo gia dtfng vd nhd tu dpng (Domotic and home automation)
Kiem soit cic dd dftng ttong nhi Ii mdt linh vye day trien vgng cfta loTs. Mpt can nhi ty ddng l i hf thdng cac thiet bj dien dugc kit ndi vdi nhau de kiem soit cic boat ddng bfn ttong v i ben ngoii ngdi nha, chang hpi: hf thdng giai tri gia dinh, tim Idem dd dftng, thay ddi cinh sic tiiy theo sy kifn (nhu dung tdi hoac budi tifc), sft dyng ngudi miy tu dpng.
Cic thiet bj cd the ket ndi vdi nhau hoac ket ndi thdng qua mgt mpig miy tinh cho phep dieu khien bdi mgt miy tinh ci nhan hoac thiet bj di dpng v i cd the cho phep tray cap tfl xa qua mpig.
Bfn canh dd, cic hf thdng cdn cd khi nang ty hgc thdi quen cfta con ngudi de ty ddng dieu chinh lai cac boat ddng cho phu hgp.
lugng vi ngudn cung cip nudc tifu thy de cd dugc ldi khuyen ve cich tiet kifm chi phi vi tii nguyen.
- Remote Conttol Appliances: Dieu khifn tfl xa bat vi tat thiet bj di triiih tai nan v i tiet kifm nang lugng.
Intrasion Detection Systems: Giam sat vifc md cfla sd, cfla ra vio de ngan chin ke xam nhip.
2.11 Cham soc sire khoe difn tte (eHealth) Cham sdc sflc khde l i mdt Hnh vye cd tiim nang ldn cho loTs. Cic thiet bj hoac cac cim bien tich cyc theo ddi cac diu hifu quan ttgng cho CO thi con ngudi (vi dy, nhjp tim, nhift dp v i huyit ip) v i giao tiip khdng day vdi bo dieu kMen cham sdc sflc khde trang tam. Vdi bd cim bien dieu Idfn y te giam sit tu xa vi lien tyc, cac bic si cd the dua ra canh bao sdm ve tinh ttang sflc khde. Ngoii ra, cdn tifn lpi ban cho ngudi cao tuii di theo doi sflc khde cfta hp d nhi, ttinh nguy co nhilm khuin...
Theo ddi sftc khde tu xa va chuyen djch theo hudng y te dy phdng, cho phep cic bfnh vifn chuin bj ke hoach tit hon ttong tradng hpp khin cip diiu tri benh...
Hinh 11 - iing dung loTs trong nhd thong minh Hinh 12 - lfng dung loTs chdm soc stic Ichoe
Mdt sd flng dyng cua loTs ve nha Mdt sd ftng dung loTs trong cham sdc tiidng mmh: sflc khde:
- Energy and Water Use: Giim sat nang - Fall Detection: Hd ttg cho ngudi cao tuii
•
KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG hoac ngudi khuyet tit sdng ddc lip.
- Medical Fridges: Kiim soit cac dieu kifn ben ttong tft luu tru vie xin, thudc vi cac thinh phin bio quin khic.
- Sportsmen Care: Giim sat cic dieu kien cham sdc sftc khde cho cic van dpng vien the thao.
- Patients Surveillance: Theo ddi tinh trpig sflc khde cfla bfnh nhin ttong bfnh vifn vi cham sdc ngudi gii tai nhi.
- Ulttaviolet Radiation: Do bflc xa tia UV cinh bao ngudi dan khdng dugc tiep xftc vdi mat ttdi vio nhirng gid nhit djnh.
2.12 Vgn chuyen (logistics)
Trong cic djch vu van chuyen vi luu tru, cic sin phim se dugc bio quin ttong dieu kifn tdt nhat, dugc quin ly vi theo ddi chat che nhd sfl dvmg cac thiet bj thu thap du lieu khdng day.
Theo each niy rit de dang cho nhung nhi cung cip phan phdi cic sin pham cua hp. Day Ii phuang phap don gian, hgp tiii tien de bio ve sin pham vi cung la uy tin cua ngudi ban. [6]
Mdt sd flng dyng cua loTs ttong van chuyin bio tri hang hda:
- Quality of Shipment Conditions: Giam sit dp rang chuyen, sy hu hai sin phim, bio tri day chuyin ddng Ipih nhim muc dich dim bio sin pham.
- Item Location: Tim kiem hing hda ttong kho, tten ben cing cd difn tich ldn.
Storage Incompatibility Detection: Phat hifn vi cinh bio vat lifu di chiy ni, cam vao khu vuc chfla vat lifu dl nd.
- Fleet Tracking: Kiim soit tuyen dudng luu thdng, giim sit phuong tifn tich hgp GPS cho cac loai hing hda nhu thudc y ti, kun cuong, hing hda nguy hiem khic.
3. M6t so thich thii-c cua loTs
Theo [8] xet vi bin chit, loTs la mang ludi Intemet de ket ndi con ngudi vdi nhau bing cich tich hgp nhflng cdng cy cd the ty ddng thu thap thdng tin, dfl Ufu gifla nhflng thiit bj vdi nhau de trayen tii chflng tdi nhflng ngudi khic.
Nhirng lgi ich va tiem nang phat trien cua loTs d khap mgi noi, mang den gia tri thdng qua tmyin tai, frao ddi thdng tm, dfl lifu. Ben canh dd cdn mdt si thach thfle cd the lim tri hoan sy phat ttien cfta loTs, sau diy Ii nhirng ttd ngai ding chfl y:
Chua CO mpt ngon ngir chung Khi loTs ngiy cing dugc md rpng thi mpi thfl ciing theo dd m i ngay cing phflc tap, nliat li khi vudng phii rao cin gifla nhiing nin tang, nhirng hf dieu hanh khic nhau cua nhimg thiet bj khac nhau.
Hdng rdo subnetwork
Thay vi giao tiep tryc tiep vdi nhau, cac thiet bi loTs hifn nay chft yiu kit ndi din mdt miy chu trang tim do mdt hang sin xuit hoac mdt nhi phit trien nio dd quin ly. Cac thiet bj giao tiep thdng qua chflc nang phien djch cua miy chfl. Thi nhung mpi chuyen khdng don giin nhu thi, cfl mdi mdt mpig ludi nhu thi
PAP CHi KINH TE - CONG NGHIEI
KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG
tao thinh mdt subnetwork rieng, khd khan dat ra l i cic miy mdc nim ttong subnetwork niy khdng the giao tiip tit vdi subnetwork khac.
Lay vi dy nhu xe d td ching hpi, mdt chiec Ford Focus cd thi giao tiip cyc ky tdt din cic djch vy va ttimg tam dfl Ueu cua Ford khi giri du lifu len mang. Nhung ttong tradng hgp mudn tao ra mdt hf thing cinh bio ket xe thi mpi chuyfn rac rdi hon nhieu bcii xe Ford dugc thiet lap cM de ndi chuyen vdi server cfta Ford.
Chiphi
Cich duy nhat de cac thiet bj loTs cd the that sy giao tiep dd li khi cd mdt ddng lyc kinh te dft manh khien cac nha sin xuat ddng y cMa se quyen dieu khiin cung nhu du lifu mi cic thiit bj cfta hp thu thip dugc. Hifn tai, cic ddng lyc niy khdng nhieu. Cd the xet den vi dy sau: mdt cdng ty thu gom rac mudn kiem tta xem cic thimg ric cd diy hay chua. Khi do, hp phii gap nhi sin xuit thiing rac, dam bio ring hp cd the tray cap vio hf thdng quin ly cfta timg thftng mpt. Diiu dd khien chi phi bj dpi len va cdng ty thu gom rac cd thi don gian chpn giii phap cho mdt ngudi chay xe kiem fra tiing thimg mgt.
An ninh vd bdo mat dir lieu
Ddi vdi cac tiiiit bj ca nhin cd khi nang kit nil Intemet thi vin di an ninh v i sy rieng tu
li nhirng mdi quan tam hing diu. An ninh bio mat thudng gan lien vdi cdng nghe, cdn sy rieng tu thi thudng lien quan den con ngudi v i tinh phap ly. Cic nhi sin xuit thiet bj loTs cin phii hieu rang an ninh v i sy rieng tu khdng the ddng nhat hoac ap dvmg chung mgi quy tic.
4. Kit luan
Intemet of Things se thay ddi hoin toin cich sdng cua con ngudi frong tuong lai khdng xa. Khi mgi vat da dugc "Intemet hda", ngudi dftng cd the diiu khien chung tu bat ky noi nio, khdng bj gidi han ve mat khdng gian va thdi gian cM can mdt thiet bj thdng minh cd ket ndi Intemet. Intemet of Things la chia khda cfta thinh cdng ttong tuong lai.
Vift Nam cd nhieu lgi the khi trien Ichai
"Intemet of thmgs", van de ket ndi la vd ciing quan ttpng. Ve dieu nay, Vift Nam da cd sin ha ting vien thdng tdt, dugc ket ndi 3G v i sap tdi la 4G. Cic cdng ty tich hgp hf thing cfta Vift Nam ciing rat manh vi tham chi da rit thinh cdng d thj tradng nudc ngoai nen se cd nhieu kinh nghifm khi trien khai d Vift Nam.
Ngudi dan Vift Nam rat nhanh thich ftng vdi cdng nghf, bang chiing Ii ty If ngudi dung sft dyng smartphone vi cd ket ndi Intemet li rat cao, chiem 40% din sd.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
[\]. Internet of things (loTs) Idgi?, http://how.vndemy.comAackground/836-intemet-of-things- iot-la-gi/
[21. Ky nguyen cua Intemet of things: ca hpi ndo cho ngdnh CNTT Viet Nam, http://www.
khoahocphothong.com.vn/news/detail/27836/ky-nguyen-cua-interaet-of-things:-co-hoi-nao- cho-nganh-cntt-viet-nam.httnl
131. 50 Sensor Applications for a Smarter World, http://www.libelium.coni/top_50_iot_sensor_
KHOA HOC - U'NG DUNG applicationsrankmg/
[4]. Application Areas for the Intemet of Things, http://viTVW.ti.com/ww/en/intemet_of_things;
iot-applications.html
[5]. Cupe cdch mgng Internet thir ba sap bimg no, http://www.tienphong.vn/cong-nghe-khoa- hoc/cuoc-cach-mang-mtemet-thu-ba-sap-bung-no-694057.tpo
[6]. Internet of Things Id gi vd lai ich cua no doi vol doanh nghiep cua bgn?, http://conttoIs.
vti/973-intemet-of-things-la-gi-va-loi-ich-cua-no-cho-doanh-nghiep-ban/
[7]. Intemet of Things in 2020, a roadmapfor the future, http://wwTv.smart-systems-integration.
org/public/documents/publications/Intemet-of-Tbings_in_2020_EC-EPoSS_Workshop_
Report_2008_v3.pdf
[8] loTs vd nhiing cdn tra hien nay, http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/cong-nghe/song-va- cong-nghe/2015/08/1239379/iot-nhung-can-tto-hien-nay/
Ngiy nhan: 10/12/2015 Ngay duyet dang: 29/12/2015
